Vol. 20, No.

1, Juli 2006

ISSN 0852-2682

FORUM GE GRAFI
Ketua Penyunting
: Drs. Priyono, M.Si.
Wakil Ketua Penyunting : M. Amin Sunarhadi, S.Si., MP
Dewan Penyunting
: Agus Anggoro Sigit, S.Si.
M. Amin Sunarhadi, S.Si., MP.
Ir. Imam Hardjono, M.Si., cd.DR
Drs. Kuswaji Dwi Priyono, M.Si.
Dra. Hj. Umrotun, M.Si.
Drs. Yuli Priyana, M.Si.
Penyunting Ahli
: Prof. Drs. H.R. Bintarto (Almarhum)
DR. Junun Sartohadi, M.Sc.
DR. Pramono Hadi, M.Sc.
Prof. DR. H. Sudarmadji, M.Eng.Sc.
DR. H. Suratman Worosuprojo, M.Sc.
Prof. DR. H. Sutikno
Distribusi dan Pemasaran : Drs. Yuli Priyana, M.Si.
Kesekretariatan
: Agus Anggoro Sigit, S.Si.
Periode Terbit
: Juli dan Desember
Terbit Pertama
: Juli 1987
Cetak Sekali Terbit
: 400 exp
Forum Geografi diterbitkan sebagai media informasi dan forum pembahasan hasil
penelitian bidang Geografi. Forum Geografi menerima naskah dalam bentuk hasil penelitian
dan catatan penelitian dalam Bahasa Indonesia ataupun Inggris. Naskah diketik dalam MSWord, Font 12, spasi ganda; kertas kuarto; jumlah halaman 10 15 (termasuk daftar pustaka
dan lampiran). Peta dalam bentuk SIG format hitam putih. Naskah dikirim dalam bentuk
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Naskah disusun dengan urutan :1) Judul artikel dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa
Indonesia; 2) Nama Penulis (lengkap dengan alamat rumah dan instansi) 3) Abstrak disertai
kata kunci ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggris; 4) Pendahuluan, mencakup perumusan masalah,
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Ucapan terima kasih kepada sumber dana dan yang dianggap berperan; 9) Daftar Pustaka;
10) Lampiran-lampiran.
Alamat Redaksi:
Fakultas Geografi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. A. Yani Pabelan Kartasura Tromol Pos I Surakarta 57102, Telp (0271) 717417
Psw 151-153, Fax: (0271) 715448, E-mail: forumgeografi@ums.ac.id
iv

Forum Geografi, Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2005: i - iv

ISSN 0852 - 0682

FORUM GEOGRAFI
Vol. 20, No. 1, Juli 2006
DAFTAR ISI

KAJIAN EKOSISTEM AIR PERMUKAAN RAWA BIRU TORASI

MERAUKE PAPUA MENGGUNAKAN CITRA PENGINDERAAN
JAUH DAN SIG
Hartono, Th. Barano SS Meteray, Nur Mohammad Farda, Muhammad
Kamal

1 - 12

PEMAHAMAN KARAKTERISTIK HUJAN SEBAGAI DASAR

PEMILIHAN MODEL HIDROLOGI (Studi Kasus di DAS Bengawan
Solo Hulu)
M. Pramono Hadi

13 - 26

ANALISIS PROFIL DAERAH KABUPATEN KLATEN TAHUN

2002-2005
Priyono, Ihwan Susilo, Karyono, dan Agus Anggoro Sigit

27 - 46

CONTAMINATION VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING

M. Widyastuti and Slamet Suprayogi

47 - 54

ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI ZONA REHABILITASI TAMAN NASIONAL MERU BETIRI, JEMBER, JAWA
TIMUR (Kasus di desa Andongrejo, Wonoasri, Curahnongko dan Sanenrejo)
Dewi Subaktini

55 - 67

KAJIAN HIDROGEOMORFOLOGI MATAAIR DI SEBAGIAN

LERENG BARAT GUNUNGAPI LAWU
Langgeng Wahyu Santosa

68 - 85

PEMETAAN KUALITAS UDARA KOTA SURAKARTA

Ibnu Kadyarsi

86 - 98

Diterbitkan Oleh:
Fakultas Geografi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. A. Yani Pabelan Kartasura Tromol Pos I Surakarta 57102, Telp (0271) 717417
Psw 151-153, Fax: (0271) 715448, E-mail: forumgeografi@ums.ac.id
Pengantar Dewan Penyunting

iii

FORMULIR BERLANGGANAN

FORUM GE

ISSN 0852-2682

GRAFI

Forum Geografi diterbitkan sebagai media informasi dan forum pembahasan hasil
penelitian bidang Geografi.

Periode terbit

: Juli dan Desember

Harga langganan

: 1 x terbit Rp 15.000
2 x terbit Rp 25.000

FORM PESANAN : Mohon dikirim FORUM GEOGRAFI

periode
: Juli tahun ....................................
Desember tahun ..........................
Telah ditransfer ke BPD Jateng Cabang Pembantu
UMS No. Rek. 2-059-00354-9 a.n. Priyono

Pemesan
Alamat
Telepon/Fax.

: ..................................................
: ..................................................
..................................................
: ..................................................

Alamat Redaksi:

Fakultas Geografi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Jl. A. Yani Pabelan Kartasura Tromol Pos I Surakarta 57102, Telp (0271) 717417
Psw 151-153, Fax: (0271) 715448, E-mail: forumgeografi@ums.ac.id
iv

Forum Geografi, Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2005: i - iv

KAJIAN EKOSISTEM AIR PERMUKAAN RAWA BIRU TORASI

MERAUKE PAPUA MENGGUNAKAN CITRA
PENGINDERAAN JAUH DAN SIG
Remote Sensing and GIS for Surface Water Resources
in Rawa Biru Torasi Merauke Papua
Oleh:
Dr. Hartono, DEA, DESS*, Drs. Th. Barano SS Meteray, M.Si.**,
Nur Mohammad Farda, S.Si.,*Muhammad Kamal, S.Si.*
Fakultas Geografi UGM* dan WWF Region Sahul Papua**
Telp. 0274.; 512400; 902345; Hp. 0811268894; Fax. 0274. 589595
E-mail: hartono@geo.ugm.ac.id; geografi@ugm.ac.id

ABSTRAK

The research describe about surface water ecosystem study in Merauke Papua by using multisource and

multistage remote sensing data which was splitted into two parts based on the study areas. First, it is for micro scale
spatial analysis focusing on the Rawa Biru Torasi watershed, while the second is for macro scale spatial analysis for
Transfly ecoregionin the floodplain areas of Merauke. Multispectral approach was adopted for Landsat image analysis,
followed by field survey on the selected areas. Auxilary data used are maps, secondary documents in order to improve
understanding of the areas. Interview and discussion with related institutions (Wasur National Sanctuary, Potable
Water Services, Internal Affairs Government, Forestry Service) accordingly were carried out.
The research result showed that remote sensing imagery are usefull for surface water resources study. Physical
condition of the Rawa Biru Torasi watershed, vegetation analysis by using multitemporal data, wetland type,
hydrological process in the floodplain were presented. Rawa Biru watershed as a resource for drinking water supply
environmentaly decreased considerably due to the species invasion, with successively dominated by hydrophilla, tebu rawa,
rumput pisau, dan Mellaleuca and sedimentation took place in the main body of swamp. Upper part of the watershed
is actually included in the Papua New Guinea, in long water resources development scheme, it need administratively
belong to one recharge areas for the watershed.
Keywords : remote sensing, wetland, degradation, drinking water, species invasion.

PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang Masalah
Permasalahan pemanfaatan sumberdaya air yang sering terjadi adalah masalah
kelebihan air (banjir) dan masalah kekurangan air (kekeringan). Kedua masalah
tersebut terjadi sebenarnya akibat dari
suatu kejadian yang berkesinambungan:
banjir terjadi pada musim hujan, dan sebaliknya kekeringan pada musim kemarau.

Kejadian banjir dan kekeringan di suatu

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) sebenarnya
memiliki fenomena yang tidak sesederhana.
Iklim sebagai input alami, bersama-sama
dikontrol oleh pengelolaan wilayah dan penerapan teknologi dalam DAS yang dapat
mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem.
Berbagai strategi telah dihasilkan
untuk pemecahan problema banjir dan kekeringan melalui pengembangan metodo-

Kajian Ekosistem Air Permukaan Rawa Biru-Torasi ... (Hartono, dkk.)

PEMAHAMAN KARAKTERISTIK HUJAN

SEBAGAI DASAR PEMILIHAN MODEL HIDROLOGI
(Studi Kasus di DAS Bengawan Solo Hulu)
Understanding the Rainfall Characteristics as a Basis in Selecting
the Hydrological Model (Case Study on Upper Bengawan Solo Cacthment)
Oleh:
Dr. M. Pramono Hadi, M.Sc.
Laboratorium Hidrologi dan Kualitas Air, Fakultas Geografi UGM
mphadi@ugm.ac.id

ABSTRACT

he research was conducted at the Upper Bengawan Solo Catchment, which was categorized as critical
catchment. The problems of flood and drought became the main issue, and need to be handled sooner, therefore it need
hydrological modelling to coupe the problems. As we know that the role of rainfall as an input to the model is very
significant parameter in generating output (discharge), then the objective of this research is to know the rainfall
characteristics.
The rainfall distribution in the research area can be known by doing the spatial analysis, especially using Kriging
method. It does the rainfall mapping for a certain duration to describe the spatial rainfall distribution. It uses the
rainfall data from 20 rainfall stations with 5 minutes interval recording. It does the inter-stations correlation analysis
on the amount of rainfall and the distance of inter-stations. The significant level used in this study is 5%.
The result shows the tendency that the more of the station number decreased, the smaller the rainfall correlation
coefficient inter-stations are. It can be meant that the numbers of the rainfall stations in catchment area have optimum
number of gauge. The coverage area for each station is 13 km2 when we use 5s minute interval data. Most of the
rainfall which have intensity > 30 mm/hr occur at minute 20th to 125th. As much as 17.5% of these rainfall have
randomly distribution. There is a significant relationship (R2=65.2%) between daily maximum rainfall and minimum
values of inter-stations correlation coefficient Base on above results it is very important to consider that in chosing the
size of catchment area for hydrological modeling it should be related with its rainfall chracteristics.
Keywords: rainfall characteristics, hydrological modeling, Upper Bengawan Solo Catchment.

PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang Masalah
Proses hidrologi dalam suatu DAS
secara sederhana dapat digambarkan
dengan adanya hubungan antara unsur
masukan yakni hujan, proses dan keluaran
yaitu berupa aliran. Adanya hujan tertentu
akan menghasilkan aliran tertentu pula.
Aliran ini selain dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik DAS dan juga sangat tergantung

pada karakteristik hujan yang jatuh.

Karakteristik hujan meliputi tebal hujan,
intensitas dan durasi hujan, sedang
karakteristik DAS meliputi topografi,
geologi, geomorfologi, tanah, penutup
lahan/vegetasi, dan pengelolaan lahan serta
morfometri DAS.
Sebagaimana diketahui, hujan yang
jatuh tidak semuanya akan menjadi limpasan. Sebagian air hujan akan mengalami

Pemahaman Karakteristik Hujan sebagai Dasar ... (M. Pramono Hadi)

13

ANALISIS PROFIL DAERAH KABUPATEN KLATEN

TAHUN 2002-2005
Profil analysis of Klaten Regency Region Year 2002-2005
Oleh:
Drs. Priyono, M.Si.,* Ihwan Susilo, S.E., M.Si.,**
Karyono, S.Si.,*** dan Agus Anggoro Sigit, S.Si.*
* Dosen Fakultas Geografi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
** Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
*** Peneliti pada CV Kharisma dan Staf Peneliti di Lembaga Penelitian dan
Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos I Pabelan Kartasura Surakarta 57102
Telp. (0271)717417 psw. 151-153, Fax (0271)715448,
Email: FORUMGEOGRAFI@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

laten Regency is a regency that owning very strategic situation, that is lay between 3 (three ) metropolis
(Jogjakarta, Surakarta, and Semarang). This Regency is having immeasurable properties, there are agriculture area,
tourism, mining, and so on. This condition is obliging that this regency have to make an inventarisation of their properties
to make a profile so thisregency can make a good decision to their region especially to their peoples.
This research use secondary data analisys that collected from region statistics and by collecting data from many
related institution and than it can gives some resource balance of this sub-province.
Topographic condition of Klaten Regency predominated with flat and landuse which is rice field areal still majority,
designate that this area is compatible used for agriculture. This condition is proved with big paddy supply which reach 300
ton per year while other agriculture product just only about tens of thousand ton. Agriculture sector is a potential sector to
buils but the condition is worsed by the degradation of rice field areal with 26 hectare per year and also the increasing of
the amount of resident every year that is proving the high requirement of land. Besides agriculture, this sub-province is also
supported with mine and tourism sector. Mining sector are stone, clay, and sand are caused by the location of this area is
in volcanic hill side. Tourism sector also contribute big RegionOriginal Income to this Regency which progressively mount
every year. By 3 (three) tourism object type, this sector can contribute Region Original Income equal to 773.674.000
rupiahs and supported with hotel facility, restaurant, and accessibility which mounting every year. However, amount of
terminal which in this time there is not yet supported the demand.This Regency also experience of the increasing of economic
sector, that is the financial that is the amount of Foreign Capital Proyect and Nation Capital Proyect, Region Original
Income , and Brotto Regional Domestic Product that designating the increasing of people level live.
Key words: profile, inventarisation and analysis

PENDAHULUAN
Pembangunan merupakan sebuah
proses yang di dalamnya terjadi perubahan
menuju ke arah yang lebih baik sesuai
dengan tujuan semula. Pembangunan daerah sebagai cerminan dari kegiatan pengem-

bangan kemampuan suatu daerah untuk

meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakatnya
merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilakukan terutama dengan adanya otonomi
daerah sehingga tiap daerah diharuskan
menentukan nasib daerahnya sendiri.

Analisis Profil Daerah Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2002-2005 (Priyono, dkk.)

27

CONTAMINATION VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED

FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Study in Gajahwong Watershed Yogyakarta Province
By:
Dra. M. Widyastuti, M.T., and Dr. Slamet Suprayogi, M.S.
Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta - Indonesia

ABSTRACT

his research is an early step to determine the location of rain gauge station for artificial neural network
modeling. The implementation of this model is very useful for water quality monitoring. The objectives of this study are:
1) to study the distribution of watershed parameter, that are average annual precipitation, land use and land-surface
slope, 2) to conduct vulnerability analysis of watershed contamination, 3) to determine the location of rain gauge
station.
The study was performed by weighing and rating method of watershed parameters. The vulnerability degree of
watershedtocontaminationispresentedasvulnerabilityindex.Thisindexisdeterminedbyoverallsumofallmultiplication
between score and weigh number of each parameter. All data manipulation and data analysis were performed by using
Geographic Information System (ArcView version by 3.2). The vulnerability of watershed contamination map had
been generated using overlay operation of parameters.
The results show that vulnerability index are varies between 10 up to 40 intervals. Hence, the indexes were
categorized into three levels of watershed vulnerability, namely low (10 20), moderate (20 30) and high (30
40). It is found that the study area covered more by high vulnerability of watershed to contamination. The zoning of
watershed vulnerability meant to determine the rain gauge location. There are three rain gauge stations on the area that
they are in a high vulnerability level, whereas the other vulnerability level area has one rain gauge station. Each level of
vulnerability area is able to represent the source of contaminant that it maybe influence the water quality of Gajahwong
river.
Key words : vulnerability, contamination, watershed

INTRODUCTION
Clean water is a serious problem in
urban society. Generally, the water resource
of urban area is from the river. The problem in urban area is river water contamination. The development of river water monitoring model (Artificial Neural Network
ANN) became important. There are some
steps for those modeling, i.e.: taking sample
of river water in outlet of tributary, staff
gauge installation for water level recording

in outlet of tributary, rain gauge installation in each sub catchments area

(Suprayogi, et.al, 2005)
This research is a beginning part of
ANN modeling. Its focus is only in the vulnerability delineation for rain gauge installation. The rainfall is a transporting
media to carry the contaminant into the
river. The assumption is the high vulnerable area will contribute higher contaminant sources to the river than less degree

Contamination Vulnerability Analysis of ... (M. Widyastuti dan Slamet Suprayogi)

47

ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT

DI ZONA REHABILITASI TAMAN NASIONAL MERU BETIRI,
JEMBER, JAWA TIMUR
(Kasus di desa Andongrejo, Wonoasri, Curahnongko dan Sanenrejo)
Analisys Social Of Communities Economic
In Rehabilitation Zone National Park Meru Betiri, Jember, East Java
(Case in village side Andongrejo, Wonosari, Curahnongko and Sanenrejo)
Oleh:
Dra. Dewi Subaktini, M.Si.
(Sosiologi Sosial)
BP2TP DAS IBB Surakarta

ABSTRACK

ational Park of Meru Betiri (TNMB) is one of National Park which exist in the region tip East Java
Part of South arch residing in region tip East Java Part of South arch. This National Park has various function in
protecting system of the life of flora and fauna with the ecosystems. The existence of National Park has a big
advantagerus for the communities who live around the area.
Along with change of period to governance in the new order becomes a reform governance makes the TN-MB
ruined as the effect of foray. Hall Management of DAS Sampean-Madura (2002) reports that National Park of
Meru Betiri which its width 58.000 Ha, for about 4.023 Ha have destroyed without vegetation or it becomes farm of
season crop. With that condition, so the area is specified as Rehabilitation zone
The research is conducted with the method of survey then clarified with the method of Participatory Rural
Appraisal (PRA). Analyses data used by the descriptive analysis qualitative. The result of the research can be known
that there is a high resistence or threat to the society who live around the TN MB which specified with the job where
mostly as a farmer ( 35,86 %) and hard farmer (38,74 %) while the most agraris 16,6 person / Ha. Mines land
for about 0,219 Ha / KK and productive age 63,8 %.
So, it can be conclude that the rehabilitation of TN MB for this time is more concentrate to the zone area of
rehabilitation and the edvantage of avoiding the farm to the jungle zone and conten zone. It is also necessary that the
factor of social economic not only used to formulate the zonasi but it also used as a basis for a reconstruction of
Merubetiri National Park.
Key Words : Social, Communities Economic and National Park

PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang
Pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam secara
optimal dan rasional bertujuan untuk
meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam secara
bijaksana sesuai dengan kaidah kelestarian
tidak saja akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan
masyarakat tetapi juga akan mendapatkan

manfaat yang berkesinambungan. Salah satu

model pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam secara
optimal. Penunjukan Taman Nasional berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan
No 277/Kpts-VI/1997, tanggal 23 Mei
1997 tentang Suaka Margasatwa Meru Betiri
menjadi Taman Nasional Meru Betiri.
Taman Nasional Meru Betiri (TNMB)
yang ditetapkan sejak tahun1997 memiliki

Analisis Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Zona ... (Dewi Subaktini)

55

KAJIAN HIDROGEOMORFOLOGI MATAAIR

DI SEBAGIAN LERENG BARAT GUNUNGAPI LAWU
Study of Spring Hidrogeomorphology on Part of West Slop
in Lawu Vulcano
Oleh:
Drs. Langgeng Wahyu Santosa, M.Si.
Jurusan Geografi Fisik, Fakultas Geografi, UGM

ABSTRACT

agma activities on earth surface cause dynamic of volcanic morphology from the volcanic cone up to fluvial
volcanic plain. The changing of morphology is always followed by different slope, composition and thickness of material,
and break of slope. This geomorphological conditions result in groundwater emerges forming spring belt. Accordingly,
wether such phenomena are also the case in the west slope of Lawu volcano is investigated in this reseach.
Hydrogeomorphology approach is applied to study of the spring characteristic and distribution in the research area.
The result research shows that the distribution pattern of springs in the west slope of Lawu volcano is not like spring
belt perfectly, like the strato volcano generally. It is caused by erosion processes, mass wasting intensively, Lawu fault and
other faults. Most springs flow on the volcanic slope and volcanic foot morphology.
Keywords: Spring, Break of Slope, Spring Belt, Morphology

PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang Penelitian
Mataair (spring) adalah pemusatan
keluarnya airtanah yang muncul di permukaan tanah sebagai arus dari aliran airtanah
(Tolman, 1937). Menurut Bryan (1919) dalam Todd (1980), berdasarkan sebab terjadinya mataair diklasifikasikan menjadi 2,
yaitu: mataair yang dihasilkan oleh tenaga
non gravitasi (non gravitational spring) dan
mataair yang dihasilkan oleh tenaga gravitasi
(gravitational spring). Mataair yang dihasilkan
oleh tenaga non gravitasi meliputi: mataair
vulkanik, mataair celah, mataair hangat,
dan mataair panas. Mataair gravitasi diklasifikasikan menjadi beberapa tipe, yaitu:
mataair depresi (depresion spring) yang terbentuk bila permukaan airtanah terpotong
oleh topografi; mataair kontak (contact spring)
68

terjadi bila lapisan yang lulus air terletak di

atas lapisan kedap air; mataair artesis (artesian spring) yang keluar dari akuifer tertekan;
dan mataair turbuler (turbulence spring) yang
terdapat pada saluran-saluran alami pada formasi kulit bumi, seperti goa lava atau joint.
Salah satu wilayah yang mempunyai
potensi mataair besar adalah wilayah lereng
gunungapi, dan di antara wilayah gunungapi yang mempunyai persebaran mataair
yang cukup melimpah adalah lereng
Gunungapi Lawu bagian Barat. Gunungapi
Lawu merupakan gunungapi strato tua yang
mempunyai potensi mataair cukup tinggi
sebagaimana gunungapi strato muda,
seperti Gunungapi Merapi. Pada gunungapi
strato muda, umumnya mempunyai pola
persebaran mataair yang melingkari badan
gunungapi membentuk pola seperti sabuk,
Forum Geografi, Vol. 20, No. 1, Juli 2006: 68 - 85

PEMETAAN KUALITAS UDARA

KOTA SURAKARTA
Mapping of Air Quality in Surakarta Municipality
Oleh :
Drs. Ibnu Kadyarsi
Jurusan Kartografi dan Penginderaan Jauh
Fakultas Geografi UGM, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta
Telpon (0274).649.2334; Faksimile (0274) 58 95 95

ABSTRACT

merging concentration of COx gas as an emision gases that was caused by vehicle will create that air
quality degradation in urban area. Air quality mapping was needed as a based map to solved on air quality problem
in urban area. The aim of this research are mapping of air quality in Surakarta Municipality and to select the
cartographic symbols which optimum to represent of air quality data especially Cox for more readable and analysis.
Data collecting based on field survey in some observation point that derived purposively on several roads and dense
traffict. Field data plotting on the map are used in some symbols such as pie-graph, bar-graph, and text. The mentioned
symbols are usual in cartography to represent of point symbol. The result of this research is distribution map of COx
concentration in Surakarta Municipality. The road which has high COx concentration are cross jucntion in downtown
(west side of Pasar Klewer), cross junction of Yos Sudarso street, Slamet Riyadi Street, and cross junction of Hay
Lay (Wates). The used of pie-graph and bar-graph symbols produce more interesting map visually, but unfortunately
the symbols cover up the information in their based map. The used of text symbol is more easy to handle for lay out,
so the background object in based map is uncovere, but visually the map is not interesting.
Keywords: cartography symbul, mapping, air quality

PENDAHULUAN
Kota Surakarta adalah salah satu
wilayah perkotaan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
yang saat ini merupakan wilayah yang sedang berkembang, baik dalam bidang
industri, jasa, permukiman, pendidikan,
perdagangan maupun transportasi. Seiring
dengan perkembangan wilayah perkotaan
tersebut maka terjadi alih fungsi lahan dari
lahan pertanian yang tidak terbangun
menjadi daerah terbangun (built up area).
Alih fungsi ini akan meningkatkan kepadatan penduduk maupun kepadatan permukiman. Hal ini akan menyebabkan lingkungan semakin tidak dapat mendukung
86

kehidupan secara harmonis (Haggett,

1983). Perluasan lahan terbangun beserta
aktivitas penduduknya akan memicu
permasalahan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Salah satu permasalahan lingkungan yang sering terjadi di wilayah
perkotaan akibat padatnya penduduk
dengan sarana dan prasarana transportasinya menjadi sumber pemicu terjadinya
pencemaran udara. Bila masalah pencemaran udara ini tidak segera ditanggulangi,
maka akan menimbulkan masalah baru
yang lebih kompleks seperti masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan wabah penyakit yang
lain.

Forum Geografi, Vol. 20, No. 1, Juli 2006: 86 - 98