Project List 1 26 March 2015 (2) - 3

Project List 1, 23 March 2015.
List of Engineering project titles, Academic year 2015/16.

The projects shown below are listed by academic supervisor, they are in no other order. All
projects are suited to all students, on either BEng/BSc or MEng awards, unless otherwise stated.
Students should contact supervisors directly. It is important to read this list in conjunction with the
project guidance on Blackboard.
Additional projects will be listed in due course, and students notified be email.
In case of general queries, contact Jo Beebee, (Joanne2.beebee@uwe.ac.uk) project administrator,
or Richard Stamp, (Richard.stamp@uwe.ac.uk) module leader.
Projects offered by Dr Yufeng Yao, Yufeng.Yao@uwe.ac.uk , Office: 2N21

For Aerospace BENG/MENG students:
Wing with serrated trailing edges for improving aerodynamic performance
Wings with serrated trailing edges can be found in stealth aircraft such as the B-1 bomber. The primary
function for this stealth design feature is to increase radar deflection. However, there has been growing
interests in recent years to use saw-tooth shaped trailing edge serrations to improve aerodynamic
performance and noise reduction. This project involves wind tunnel study of a low speed aerofoil installed
with trailing edge serrations. The aim of the experiment is to measure the effects of the serrations on lift
and drag characteristics at low speed and high angle of attack. Flow visualisation with laser sheet will be
used to study the flow structures from the wakes of a serrated trailing edge.
Effects of the Wavy features and vibration on flow transition
The laminar flow and transition over a flat plate has been studied intensively, although there are still certain
points that require investigation. Even the dimple profile and so called "shark skin" have been investigated.
However, the complex profiles are very difficult if it is not impossible to realise in real life. Certain
fundamental understandings on characteristics of the simple profile, such as sine wave, and their statistical
and dynamic influence on laminar flow and transition, are still a mystery. Airbus and Bombardier are
interested in such research topics and just right now because they are directly related to drag reduction, and
thus to energy efficiency/ environment friendly solutions to aircraft. The aim of the project is to understand
the static and dynamic effects of vibration/wave profile on laminar flow and transition.
Separation induced flow transition to turbulence at low/high-speed
In this project, you are going to investigate leading-edge flow separation and its influence on laminar
transition to turbulence. Either a simpler semi-circular LE flat plate or a real airfoil model of NACA series will
be used. Test model will be proposed, designed and manufactured. Numerical study using CFD will be
carried out, followed by wind tunnel test for like-to-like comparison. In case of high-speed scenarios, instead
of wind tunnel test, efforts will be placed on more detailed modelling study using a scramjet fore-body
mode by assessing various turbulence and transition models. Various types of wild noise will be introduced
to understand its development in near and far-field.
Flow Control of Wings Using Micro-Vortex Generators
The boundary layers on the surfaces of wings are prone to flow separation at high angle of attack. MicroVortex Generators were developed by NASA to improve the aircraft performance. They are inexpensive
devices consisting of small fins installed across the wing span at the trailing edge or leading edge. Each fin
generates a mini tornado or a vortex that re-energizes the boundary layer. They can delay the boundary
layer flow separation and increase the lift-to drag ratio. The micro-vortex generators have been in mass
Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 1 of 36
production for different types of aircraft. This project either involves wind tunnel or/and Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of a generic swept wing with and without micro-vortex generators.
Flow separation and its active control: NASA hump geometry study
Flow separation often occurs in most engineering flow due to the effects of viscous and local adverse
pressure gradient. The problem is closely related to profile drag reduction or vehicle manoeuvre, thus it has
important aerospace applications. The accurate prediction of flow separation and furthermore its control
provide some challenges for engineers. This exciting theme offers you to search and review current the
state-of-the-art technique on flow control technique by vectoring jets. A benchmark proposed by NASA,
named as hump geometry, has been studied numerically and experimentally. To continue study, you are
going to apply novel control method such as electric discharge device to generate Lorenz Force in localised
region in order to suppress or minimise flow separation in aft-body
Advanced Joined-wing Designs
Joined wings (also known as box or bi-diamond wings) consist of two sets of wings joined together at the
wing tips. This configuration replaces an aircrafts vertical and horizontal tail planes. The idea was first
patented by Julian Wolkovitch in 1980s. The tandem wings can be a combination of sweepback wings
coupled with forward swept wings. Student will be expected to conduct a critical overview of the future
generation aircraft designs (Boeing, NASA, Lockheed-Martin) adapting the advance joined-wing concept.
Wind tunnel measurements of forward and backward swept joined wings will be conducted to obtain
aerodynamics characteristics such as lift, drag, pitching moment and stalling behaviour. This project either
involves wind tunnel or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of a simplified, generic join-wing model.
Design and study of future personal aerial vehicles (PAV) concept
The concept of personal aerial vehicles (PAV) provides a possible solution for our growing road congestion,
particular for those who would like to have a medium range business trip, say up to 500 miles. There is
distinguishing between PAV and flying car as the former focus more on the flying mode rather than road
mode. In this project, you need to review current status in PAV development, and propose your concept of
design (2-4 seats), primarily in dimensions, shapes, layouts, and eventually carrying out performance
studies using available tools including wind tunnel test and numerical simulations.
Winglet design, optimization and flow visualization
Winglets configuration has been used in most of modern aeroplanes and its role is to reduce the induced
drag. The flow around winglets is complicated due to rich vortex formation and its dynamic behaviours
plays. In this study, you are going to review current winglets family (e.g. Airbus or Boeing types) and
proposed own model (small modification of current one or totally new one). The proposed model will be
studied initially using open source tools (such as panel method), and later tested in the low-speed wind
tunnel for pressure measurement and tip vortex flow visualization.
Understand the principles/mechanism/calibration of six component balance
Six component balance is used to measure the forces and moments on an object, which is a very important
equipment for aeronautical/aircraft technology teaching and research. Understanding the production of
aerodynamic forces on aerofoil sections and on finite wings in subsonic flow is one of the main components
of aerodynamics. The accuracy of the measurement mainly depends on the efforts invested in the
calibration and data processing. To be able to measure the six components of the forces on the airfoil is one
of the key skills one should grasp as aeronautical students.
This project will provide the opportunity for you to understand:
how are the six components of forces on the airfoil measured, and
how can we make sure that our experiments will provide the most accurate data
how can we simulate the forces on an airfoil using existing software or CFD package
Microlight Wing Modelling
Aircraft stability and control theory typically treats an aircraft as a rigid body. This is a reasonable model for
traditional aircraft but is not appropriate for flexible aircraft like microlights. The aim of this project is to
develop a generic flexible wing model typical of existing microlight aircraft. The model must be designed to
deform correctly under load. Wind tunnel tests will be conducted to assess the effect of the wing flexibility
and the stability implications. Recommendations for modifications to the wing to eliminate or reduce the
adverse effects of the flexibility will be required.
Comparison studies of low-speed aerodynamic performance of airfoils
You are going to continue an existing project in which comparison study of low-speed aerodynamic
performance of airfoil has been carried out using in-house wind tunnel facility, as well as available
numerical predictions tools; i.e. panel and CFD methods. The aim is to calibrate the measurement accuracy
of the wind tunnel over its test speeds and the angle of attack up to the first & second stall points. In
addition to two existing airfoils, another airfoil needs to be identified and manufactured in-house, and all
three airfoils will be studied and compared to draw useful conclusions and guidelines. In addition to model
design and testing, you will gain certain hand-on physical Lab testing, plus advanced flow simulation
experiences.
Integration and testing of cost models for interface, manufacture and design
Environmental noise legislation is becoming more and more stringent. The design of many modern
transport vehicles includes the understanding manufacturing processes and characterisation of cost
elements for generator set. The aim of the project is to develop a Design tool for cost effective reduction
of noise from enclosed power generators DRONE, which is not available within the UK based power
generation industry nor in other industries. Therefore, the cost analysis is one of the important components
in the design tool.
Shock-viscous interactions and supersonic combustion in scramjet intake
Hypersonic airliner will be the future of air travel around the world. In this project, you are going to study
new propulsion device (scramjet) that will be used for next generation hypersonic airliner concept that will
fly at more than twice the speed of Concorde and five times the speed of the sound. In scramjet
configuration, intake design and analysis plays an important role as it will determine quality and
performance of downstream supersonic combustion. You need to carry out background review of recent
progress in this field, then to continue a previous study on similar topic by advancing to supersonic
combustion stage. CAD geometry needs to be re-produced followed by numerical study and results analysis.
Numerical studies of novel blade cooling concept and its applications
The high temperature conditions under which turbine blades operate pose a constraint on their service
lifetime. One industrial solution is to apply the film cooling and the cooling effectiveness is generally
determined by flow conditions, cooling hole geometry shapes and orientations. In this project, novel blade
cooling concept and its industry applications will be explored by using computational fluid dynamics
technique. The focus will be around one of three areas, i.e. leading edge impinging cooling, mid-span film
cooling and trailing-edge injection cooling, blade tip and platform cooling. The results would be useful for
understanding in-depth flow physics, as well as practical applications for turbo-machinery industry.
For Mechanical & Automotive BENG/MENG students:

CFD analysis of building-integrated wind turbines.
When wind blows at right angles to the face of a tall building considerable pressure differences can be
generated between the upstream and downstream faces. This project will explore the potential of
integrated ducted wind turbines for exploiting such pressure differences. This project could involve both
CFD analysis and experimental flow modeling. It is expected that a commercial CFD package, either
SolidWorks Flow Simulation or ANSYS CFX will be used to carry out the work. Validation of the CFD
modelling work using available theoretical models is expected.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine blades for urban environments

In many cities large buildings present an opportunity to mount wind turbines in order to generate
sustainable electricity to power the building operations. The Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is a
unidirectional wind turbine and easily be configured to prevent wind damage in high winds which is a major
problem with other types of wind turbines. This project will involve developing an aerodynamic model of
the wind turbine in order to examine the aerodynamic properties of the VAWT arrangement. A data
recording system mounted on the turbine could relay system information, using a digital link to a central
control tower for storage and processing. Research and quantify all sources of intrinsic and extrinsic error
introduced through the use of a CFD package employing the Navier-Stokes equations.
Air Entrainment Masks
Air entrainment masks are used to supply oxygen mixed with ambient air to patients with impaired
respiratory function. These masks operate by using a rudimentary Venturi effect device to entrain
surrounding air. This project will use a commercial CFD package, either Solidworks Flow Simulation or
ANSYS CFX, to investigate both the function of such masks and the potential improvements to be gained
using an enhanced mixing device to promote ambient air entrainment.
House heating by solar energy in UK
Although solar radiation in the UK is not as high as in many other countries, it still offers considerable
potential for exploitation. The annual solar radiation in the UK is still over 100 times the total national
energy consumption. House heating accounts for about 30% of this consumption and so, in principle, only
0.3% of the available solar energy could supply the entire house heating in the UK thereby reducing both
the total energy consumption and the CO2 emissions by 30%. An important reason for the poor take-up of
solar energy in the UK is technical: the need to store energy over the long period from summer to winter.
There is generally an abundance of heat in the summer and a shortage in winter. The excess thermal energy
in summer is sometimes removed by air-conditioning, while the winter shortage is often generated by fossil
fuels. Both of these energy transactions increase energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This project will
investigate: The existing techniques for energy storage; Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of these
techniques; Design a heat storage system for house heating in winter. It is expected to use Cosmos FloWorks
or ANSYS CFX to carry out the simulation; investigate the feasibility of using phase changing materials (PCM)
for energy storage.
Natural ventilation in zero-energy buildings
In order to reduce the carbon footprint of new buildings alternative ways of cooling and heating need to be
developed. This project will look at the benefits of natural ventilation (zero energy, zero CO2 emission). A
CFD simulation of a case study will allow to determine important design parameters and to provide some
guidance on best practice.
Ground pre-cooling and pre-heating air to reduce energy consumption
Building energy consumption (heating and cooling) is one of the most important sources of CO2 emission in
the atmosphere. This project will look at how this energy can be reduced by pre-treating air in a heat
exchanger in the ground. A computer model will be used to simulate the heat transfer involved and
optimise the system.
An Investigation of solar chimney power plant systems
Solar chimneys convert solar energy into kinetic energy. Thermal energy from solar radiation is collected in
a thermally-absorbing material. This energy is then used to warm ambient air and create an up-draught
through a vertical chimney. The aim of this project is to carry out an investigation of the potential
performance and viability of small-scale solar chimney power plant systems. It is expected that a
commercial CFD package, will be used to carry out the work. Validation of the CFD modelling work using
available theoretical models is expected.
An investigation of computer data centre cooling

Thermal management has become a key challenge in the design of large-scale data centres. In such centres,
the air-conditioning system must be capable of continuous operation on a 7 day/week, 24 hours/day, all
round year basis. This project will use a commercial CFD package, either Solidworks Flow Simulation or
ANSYS CFX, to simulate and explore the characteristics of the thermal environment within a simplified
example of a data centre. Following a detailed assessment/appraisal of the initial thermal environment you
will modify the system and carry out further CFD analysis to establish the operational performance of the
modified system.
CFD analysis of Trombe Walls
Trombe walls are sun-facing walls which act as large solar thermal collectors. This project will investigate
the characteristics and heating performance of such walls which are often used to provide clean thermal
energy in cold clear winter climates. It is expected that a commercial CFD package, either SolidWorks Flow
Simulation or ANSYS CFX will be used to carry out the work. Validation of the CFD modelling work using
available theoretical models is expected.
Thermal management analysis of domestic and/or commercial buildings
This project is about thermal management analysis via comparison study of room temperature distributions
under various heating sources and it is closed linked to energy usage and saving in domestic, office or
public domains with home application being the primarily focus. To start with literature review, you will
identify analytical methods/tools from text book, and open sources (e.g. building simulation codes). Once a
representative room model being set up, some parametric studies over various heating sources (radiator,
electrics, etc.) and their possible locations are carried out using the prediction tools and as well as advanced
CFD package for comparison and validation.
Re-engineer building exterior design to harvest wind energy
There are growing interest to harvest wind energy via building integrated wind turbine design. Comparing to
large-scale wind farm model, one of challenges for this type of concept would be how to improve quality of
incoming wind in terms of magnitude of speed and direction. It is believed that by re-engineer building
design and it is possible to enhance wind energy harvest. In this project, you are going to review recent
progress in the field, then propose own design based on one or several most effective designs. Solid model
will be proposed and manufactured. Before testing in wind tunnel, CFD simulation of wide range of
conditions will be carried out to guide and compare with test data, in terms of local flow acceleration and
uniformity.
Automotive wind tunnel rolling road
To further develop a rolling road surface to be used in the wind tunnel to improve aerodynamic simulations.
The road surface should be capable of varying its speed. Design and build a means of recording road speed
and time Locate list and cost the materials required. Examine the need for a rolling road surface. Build and
use and analyse the benefits of use.
Aerodynamics of Formula One car
This project consists of the aerodynamic aspects (body and front and rear wing design configuration, down
force and drag analysis) aiming to produce a digital prototype for the Formula Student competition. Please
note that although this is a digital prototype design, as stated on the competitions rules: Class 2 is specific
to Formula Student and is designed to accommodate teams that are not in a position to enter Class 1
immediately with a full running vehicle. In principle it is assumed that a Class 2 design is capable, 12 months
later, of being a full running Class 1 entry... Additional background information can be found at
http://www.formulastudent.com.
Aerodynamics of racing cars
Vehicle aerodynamics gained increased attention due to the utilization of the negative lift (downforce)
principle, giving several important performance improvements. Due to the competitive nature of racing
sport and the short design cycles, engineering decisions must rely on combined information from wind
tunnel and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tests. In this project, students will consider various methods
to generate downforce (e.g. inverted wings, diffusers, vortex generators). Typical design tools such as wind
tunnel testing and CFD calculations, and their relevance to racing car development, will be discussed in the
project. The experimental work will be based on small car model, and computational work will be based on
CFD model implemented with the use of commercial CAD/CAE package. Tools: wind tunnel laboratory, CFD
packages (ANSYS CFX/Fluent).
Prospective students are welcome to propose their own project, in the areas covered by the above, to
Dr Yufeng Yao, Yufeng.Yao@uwe.ac.uk , Office: 2N21
Proposed Projects: Quan Zhu

Neural network enhanced predictive control of nonlinear systems
This is a further development from a previous MSc project. A novel combination of control system design,
neural network learning, and predictive functions will be used to form a simulation tests software package.
The developed algorithms and Matlab simulation package will enable users to design up to date neural
control systems. A journal and conference papers are expected to achieve by the completion of the project.
Contact Quan Zhu, Email: quan.zhu@uwe.ac.uk
Self turning PID controller design for a continuously stirred tank reactor
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a common ideal reactor type in chemical engineering. A CSTR
often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using a continuous agitated
tank reactor to reach a specified output. The mathematical model works for all fluids: liquids, gases, and
slurries.
The behaviour of a CSTR is often approximated or modeled by that of a Continuous Ideally Stirred Tank
Reactor (CISTR). All calculations performed with CISTRs assume perfect mixing. If the residence time is 5 10
times the mixing time, this approximation is valid for engineering purposes. The CISTR model is often used
to simplify engineering calculations and can be used to describe research reactors. In practice it can only be
approached, in particular in industrial size reactors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_stirred
tank_reactor_model
Self tuning control has been used to deal with slow dynamic variations of industrial plants. Design of self
tuning control system can be easily expanded from the knowledge learnt from classical control classes.
Proportional, Derivative, and Integral (PID) control is the most popular scheme used in industries. The
combination of self tuning and PID will form an advanced control strategy to deal with dynamic
uncertainties for a wide range of industrial plants.
Project objectives
Review up to date art of self tuning/adaptive PID control schemes and applications in continuously stirred
reactors.
Implement one of the matured control strategies by Matlab programming.
Test the ad hoc strategy for controlling the continuously stirred tank reactor.
Prepare a user friendly manual. Contact Quan Zhu, Email: quan.zhu@uwe.ac.uk
U model oriented control of nonlinear systems
This is based on the supervisors recent publications. However there are still certain unsolved issues to be
addressed. This project will involve design new schematic control system structure and analyse designed
system properties. The correctness of the methodologies will be initially tested by Matlab simulation
program. A journal and conference papers are expected to achieve by the completion of the project.
Parameter estimation of linear continuous time dynamic systems from sampled input output data
Estimation of parameters of linear continuous time dynamic systems (the coefficients of transfer function in
terms of Laplace transform) can be achieved by both direct and indirect algorithms, with sampled inputs
and outputs. The challenge has been how to convert the sampled (discrete time) data into a continuous
model.
During the past few years several representative papers have been published by Rao G.P. (2006), Naresh K
Sinha (2000), Hugues Gamies, Liuping Wang, And Peter C.Young, on the identification and estimation linear
continuous time dynamic system models.
The objective of this paper is to give a detailed view of indirect and direct methods. The relative advantages
and disadvantages of both methods will be discussed in order to give readers a clear idea of indirect and
direct methods. Then implement the algorithms with computer program to provide a path from theory,
algorithm, to applications.
In this study, I shall first start with the review and critical analysis of the relevant topics, make the existing
indirect and direct formulations implementable in computing algorithms, develop a matlab program
package to implement the algorithms, bench test the parameter estimation algorithms by simulations, and
finally summarise the study into my dissertation report.
Project objectives
Literature review and critical analysis
Development of parameter estimation algorithms (indirect and direct)
Development analysis tool to evaluate estimation results
Development of Matlab program to implement the algorithms
Take bench tests by simulation
Prepare a user friendly Matlab program manual
Write up a dissertation
Application of fuzzy control to an inverted pendulum
It is accepted that the inverted pendulum is a mechanical idealization which poses an interesting and
difficult problem in control. In recent years, many scholars have been studying the inverted pendulum by all
kinds of methods. Inverted pendulum system is multivariable, nonlinear, strong coupling and instability
naturally. The research of inverted pendulum has many important realistic meaning in the research such as,
the walking of biped robot, the lunching process of rocket and flying control of helicopter
and many correlative productions has applications in the field of technology of spaceflight and subject of
robot. The main aim of this project is to develop a model to describe an inverted pendulum system using
fuzzy control method. Matlab including Simulink will be used to demonstrate the analytical outcomes.The
inverted pendulums are highly nonlinear and open loop unstable system. Therefore, the characteristics of
the inverted pendulum make identification and control more challenging.
Project objectives
Review the inverted pendulum research results and applications (definition, formula, Simulink model)
Fuzzy control scheme to fit into a compact package for this project
Design the Fuzzy control of the inverted pendulum and demo by Matlab simulations
Develop virtual inverted pendulum decontrol program
Compare the results with the previous studies
Outline further development in future
Prepare user manual for the Matlab programs
Discrete time Markov model parameter estimation with application to position estimation for mobile
robots in unknown environments
Markov chain is a discrete time stochastic process with Markov property. Its past and future states are
independent if given the present state. This model can be widely used in many aspects, such as speech
recognition, economic forecasting, human resource management, parameter estimation and so on.
Localization of mobile robots has been seen as a significant research topic in the field of robotics which aims
to estimate the position of a robot from the given map and sensor data. In view of this situation, Markov
model can be used to resolve this problem by estimating states of position from the probability distribution
of the environment. This project aims to develop the relevant algorithms and Matlab programs to obtain
the Markov model parameters and then apply to the specific problems encountered in the robots
localization.
Project objectives
Take critical survey on the up to date status of the relevant research and applications
Tailor the theory of Markov chains into a condensed pack for the problems
Establish the parameter estimation algorithms
Design Matlab program to implement the numerical algorithms with initial demonstration of the
computational effectiveness and accuracy
Apply the Markov model and its parameter estimation algorithm to robots localization for further bench
test of the theoretical results
Outline further development in future
Design user friendly manual to run the demonstration programs
Sum up the whole work of this project.
Modelling of human factors generated from railway drivers
Railway system has recently become one of the most convenient transportation with increased service
quality and safety. However, it is far concerned as many unexpected train accidents have been occurred,
mainly due to train drivers experience, technical skill, age, and other affect. The importance of identifying
risk levels and mitigation measures of SPAD (signal passed at danger) has been well explained to certain
extent in railway systems. Besides classical methodologies based on stochastic and probability analysis,
linear regressions, and the other ad hoc approaches, the supervisor and his coworkers recently have
introduced an intelligent approach to incorporate the linguistic knowledge provided from train drivers and
ergonomists undertaking SPAD risk evaluation.

Project objectives
Survey the current internationally leading research on evaluating SPAD risks and mitigation measures.
Further improve previously developed computational algorithms.
Test the upgraded algorithms with various factors such as drivers age, experience, and working days,
weather conditions, sign/signal size
Analyze the efficiency of the intelligent approach.
Prepare a user friendly manual.
Write up project report.
Modelling and control of water tank levels in virtual reality environment
It can be done by demonstrating the mechanism and dynamics of the flow of liquid into multiple tanks for a
period of time. First a model is developed, which is tuned in a virtual simulation environment, representing
the water levels and flow rates in details in a reliable replication of reality. Then a mode control is
developed. Several modes can be represented as feedbacks (height, flow rates, water density, etc.) to
optimize the control performance. Both the model of the flowing process and the control law are validated
by a virtual detailed simulation environment. The prediction capability of the model and the control
efficiency can be clearly shown. Certain rules can be collaborated with each other such as the steady state,
second order derivative or third order derivative to ensure the right quantity from the feedbacks.
Project objectives
Critically review Virtual Modelling & Control of water tanks and applications.
Investigate the latest art of virtual control schemes and applications in water tanks.
Implement one of the matured control strategies by Matlab programming.
Test the specific application for controlling the water tank levels.
Discuss about the advantages and disadvantages in design a water tank controls in virtual reality
environment.
Compare and then make development changes based on the previous studies.
Prepare a user friendly manual for running designed Matlab programs.
Modelling and control of Merlin flight simulator
All airborne vehicles have six degrees of freedom, which means that those vehicles, like aeroplanes and
helicopters, can not only move in all three dimensions, but also can freely rotate about all their three
different body axes. Whereas the movement of ground based vehicles like cars is restricted to the surface
texture of the terrain and thus they have basically just three degrees of freedom, i.e. back and forth,
steering (yawing) and sideways drifting, aircraft can furthermore rotate about their longitudinal axis (roll),
pitch up and down, and hence climb and descent in the vertical direction. This makes it much more difficult
to control an aircraft compared to other vehicles like cars. The first important task if flight control system
design is to obtain its dynamic models, therefore to face the challenge, the project is planned to produce a
generic procedure to identify a dynamic model, as an exemplary case study, from measured input and
output data. The further aim of the project is to provide a demo procedure and manual for the following
trainers and trainees. The tasks of this project are mainly composed of
Project objectives
Review up to date art of Merlin flight simulator and the others.
Learning to operate the simulator to prepare step by step manual.
Present basic flight dynamic and modelling techniques
Collect relevant data from operating the simulator.
Develop Matlab programs to fit the proposed dynamic models with the measured data.
Prepare a user friendly demo manual.
Simulation based nonlinear rational model parameter estimation
This is based on the supervisors research results from his postdoctoral projects. With aid of an existing
Matlab package, several newly published results will be implemented to expand the rational model
identification package. A conference paper is expected to achieve by the completion of the project.
Applications of control and modelling techniques to interested problems
This is prepared for those self motivated students who have had some ideas for their own interested
research. Combined with the supervisors expertise, the students are expected to deliver efficient solutions
and convincible simulation demonstrations to their problems.
Proposed Projects: Dr Sabir Ghauri
Sabir.Ghauri@uwe.ac.uk
Admission and Congestion Control Algorithm for Cellular Networks
In order to handle the ever-increasing traffic on cellular networks sophisticated traffic management
techniques are essential. Admission and congestion controls are among most important traffic
management techniques. In this project, you will investigate admission and congestion control schemes
used in cellular network such as GSM in the past and find out their deficiencies for being used in 3G
networks. You need to have a strong background in digital communications, keen to search for and read
many technical papers, and be able to perform computer simulation to evaluate traffic management
schemes. The most probable simulation package for this project is NS2.
Optimal Routing
Optimal routing is a feature that makes it possible to route calls directly to a mobile user regardless of his
location. Normally all mobile phone calls are first routed to the Home Public Land Mobile Network
(HPLMN) of the called subscriber, and then further to the Visited PLMN, if the called subscriber is roaming.
This may result in situations where the network resources are wasted. See the figure below:
A is a subscriber in the UK who tries to call his friend B, who has a subscription in cellular network in
Finland. B is however currently visiting the UK, and is roaming in the Vodafone network here. Without
optimal routing this call would be first directed to Bs home network in Finland, and then after checking the
roaming address from the HLR back to the UK network. This call would require two inter-PLMN legs, UKFinland and Finland Vodafone (UK). Clearly this is not the efficient use of network resources.
Opportunity-Driven Multiple Access
Opportunity-driven multiple access (ODMA) is technically and interesting concept, but it may be that it will
never be used in practice. So far the equipment manufacturers have shown little interest in it. ODMA is a
relay protocol than can be used to enhance network capacity. It especially enhances the data rates of user
located close to cell boundary areas. The main problem in CDMA air interface data transmission is the
interference caused by other users. This can be partially solved by rigorous power control, but especially in
large cells, the users far away from the base station will have to settle for lower data rates. The interference
in the cell means that codes with low spreading factors can only be used near the base station. Users near
the boundaries of the cell have to use high spreading factors, which tolerate the interference much better.
A high spreading factor translates into a low data rate.
ODMA aims to change this by relaying the signal from a far away MS to the base station in several small
hops. ODMA capable mobile station can act as relay nodes. Because the signal is transferred only over a
short distance at a time, interference is not a big problem and much lower spreading factors may be used.
General Areas of Mobile Communications Research Topics
The following projects are the key words. Students are normally advised to discuss the topic with me.
Radio Channel Propagation measurements and modelling
Advanced fading channel simulation techniques
Radio link quality measurement techniques
Co-channel interference cancellation
Advanced coding and modulation techniques
Simulating a 3G network and possible developments in these networks
CDMA multiuser detection techniques
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques
Adaptive antenna arrays for cellular systems
CDMA soft hand-off algortithms
Power control algorithms for UMTS cellular systems
Resource Management for Wideband CDMA
Fixed Wireless Access Systems
Proposed Projects: Nigel Gunton
Nigel.Gunton@uwe.ac.uk
Retro Processors
VHDL + Hardware + assembler skills
Implementation of a simplified 6502 clone that could potentially play original Atari 800XL or Commodore 64
games using VHDL or Verilog with an FPGA as a target. This projects would allow you to develop and extend
skills in designing and verifying hardware. It could be in 2 stages, or possibly 2 projects. Stage 1 will be to
design and implement the hardware. Stage 2 will be to develop the peripheral chips.
Porting FreeRTOS to the new style Altera NIOS II project structure
Low level C+ Operating Systems + Assembler + Makefiles
Altera have changed the way that software projects for the NIOS II processor are managed. There is need
for FreeRTOS to be ported to this new structure. Achieving this would gain kudos in the open-source
community as well as being of benefit within teaching. You will need to be able to get to grips with the way
than an operating system is compiled and integrated with the application software on an embedded system.
ARINC 429 Avionics protocol hardware IP block

BEng Electronic Engineering, Electronic & Computer Engineering,
Project would possibly suit an ambitious Aerospace Systems student.
To design and implement an IP block that provides a standard wishbone bus interface on the CPU side plus
the relevant comms channel I/O. The IP block does not need to drive the voltages required by the standard
although the project could be extended with additional electronics to provide the line drivers.
The block would need to be verified and shown to conform to the ARINC 429 standard. It would then need
to be integrated into the standard nios2 DE0 or DE0-nano platform and software written to test the
interface.
Skills: VHDL/Verilog, hardware synthesis and verification.
C programming.
Possibly additional electronic skills.
Extension of the RS-CPU to include hardware support for a real-time O/S
(1 year) BEng Electronic Engineering or BSc Computer Systems Integration (UFMFE8-30-2 pre-requisite) or
MSc Embededded and Wireless systems, BEng Electronic & Computer Engineering
(2) MEng Electronic Engineering
An investigation into the concepts discussed in: http://www.es.mdh.se/pdf_publications/825.pdf
The addition of specialist hardware to provide management of task switching in a hard real-time system by
extending Carpinelli's RS-CPU.
This will require the addition of many features to the RS-CPU in order to support the real-time extensions as
phase 1 followed by the real-time extensions as phase 2
The RS-CPU extensions are straight forward, the real-time section is more challenging.
Skills: VHDL and/or Verilog, verification, hardware synthesis.
Alphanumeric Television Interface Controller (ANTIC)
One year subset BEng Electronic Engineering, Electronic & Computer Engineering or BSc Computer Systems
Integration (UFMFE8-30-2 pre-requisite)
Deeper investigation/implementation ( 2 years)
MEng Electronic Engineering
The retro computer community creates models of legacy games machines such as the Commodore C64 or
the various Atari machines. The Atari machines were well known for their graphics quality (at the time). This
was implemented using the ANTIC chip.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANTIC
An FPGA based implementation would be of use to this community and also provide a challenge in
engineering a functionally equivalent version. This would require an investigation into how the chip works
and then to build a model of a subset of the functionality.
Skills: VHDL and/or Verilog, verification, hardware synthesis. Very challenging.

Daughter card for the DE0 board
1 year: BEng Electronic Engineering, Electronic & Computer Engineering
To design and implement a daughter card to provide additional functionality such as analogue to digital
convertors, DACs, I/O protection etc. The card should be designed to be robust and easy to manufacture.
Skills: Electronics. Straightforward but attention to detail is needed.
Porting FreeRTOS to the new style NIOS2 project
1 year: Electronic Engineering, Electronic & Computer Engineering or Computer Systems Integration
Currently, in the labs, we use the old style Alteraa NIOS2 projects with an application folder and a syslib
folder. The newer project style uses a board support package (BSP) which provides a hardware abstraction
layer to the application. Although simple projects can be converted using a script provided by Altera, this
does not work for more complex projects such as those involving FreeRTOS.
The build system used is the GCC compiler in conjunction with makefiles and custom shell scripts from
Altera. This would also be an opportunity to fine tune FreeRTOS to better support the NIOS2 hardware.
Skills: C programming, embedded systems, willingness to learn how to use makefiles and command line
compilation
Building a GoJTAG debugger
1 year: Electronic Engineering, Electronic & Computer Engineering
The GoJTAG project is an opensource project to provide education and training tools for boundary scan and
JTAG debug. They provide a schematic for the debug tool. You would need to develop a prototype from the
schematic and then to produce a small footprint PCB capbale of being used in the lab.
http://www.gojtag.com/mission
General Project Areas:
Hardware Description Languages: VHDL, Verilog,
FPGA, System on Chip
Embedded Systems, Hardware and Software
CPU design
SCADE (high level embedded system design tool)
Anything using the PSOC4 or PSOC5 microcontrollers
If you have a project relating to embedded systems, digital design using FPGAs or similar please contact
Nigel Gunton.
Proposed Projects: Ramin Amali
Ramin2.Amali@uwe.ac.uk
Analysis and simulation of a new generation of Airbus Master Side Stay Bracket. During the term of this
project students will use linear and non-linear FEA to analyse a Master Side Stay Bracket for different loads
and boundary condition scenarios and optimisation of the current proposal. They will also use RP machine
for making a model of this bracket and their final design and use Experimental analysis for validation of their
proposal.
Design and analysis of a signature recognition system using Artificial Neural Network
Design and analysis of a device to determine the centre of gravity of a component
Aerospace Fracture and Fatigue for ductile materials
Structural Analysis of an Airbus A380 wing rib. FEA, Experimental and theoretical analysis of a Rib in the
lab.
Design and analysis of a signature recognition system using Artificial Neural Network. In this study an
Artificial Neural Network IPE is used to determine the writers identity in real time by identification of
pattern, speed, acceleration and pressure of the pen on a surface.
Elastic behaviour of multi directional laminates in the Aerospace Industry; an experimental and theoretical
approach
Strength of composites lamina in mechanical engineering application; an experimental and theoretical
approach
Design and analysis of Sandwich plates (composites) subjected to loads and bending moments
Finite Element Analysis of composite plates; an experimental and simulation approach
Finite Element Analysis of composite plates subjected to buckling; an experimental and simulation
approach
Proposed Projects: Neil Larsen
Neil.Larsen@uwe.ac.uk
The development of a simple fuel injection apparatus for a spark ignited i.c. engine, probably using a
simple controller such as a PIC device. The fuel injection system should use the minimum of retro-fitted
transducers, and be easily tuned from (eg) a laptop or pc mounted software
The development of a simple, PIC based programmable electronic ignition for a spark ignited i.c. engine
The development of front end software for user interfacing and data capture for the rolling road
dynamometer in the UWE laboratories.
The investigation and development of pre-ignition sensing on a spark ignited ic engine and design of an
electronic solution to counteract this phenomenon.
A study into the dynamic behaviour of an i.c. engine camchain subject to varying torsional load
oscillation.
TT Zero electric motorcycle project
The project is available to 4 MEng students graduating in 2017. The 4 components of the project are:
Powertrain; a project researching the electric powertrain of the motorcycle to

optimise performance.
Ancillaries and control systems; a project researching the optimum control systems
to improve performance, e.g. brakes, throttle, electrics, ECU, etc
Suspension; a project researching the optimum suspension components to improve

performance.
Aerodynamics; a project looking into the best aerodynamic shape of the bike and its
bodywork to optimise performance.
All projects should involve costing, manufacturing and assembly processes.

Other projects available in the area of engine development (see Neil)
Proposed Projects: Sanja Dogrmadzi
Sanja.Dogramadzi@uwe.ac.uk
Design of a self-propelling device that can move through a flexible pipe. Investigation could include
building and testing a prototype.
Simulation of a simple robotic arm motion in Matlab
Various projects in control engineering and mechatronics
Proposed Projects: David Richardson
David4.Richardson@uwe.ac.uk
I have a number of projects related to the design and manufacture of composite products. The
manufacturing projects are ideally suited to Aerospace Manufacturing students, however I am happy to take
students from Aerospace Design or Mechanical if they show an interest in design and manufacture of
composite structures. I would expect any student to take either the L3 Structural Design and Inspection or
Composite Engineering modules if they do a composite project with me. If these modules are not one of
their options, then I would expect them to sit-in on the composite classes in order to learn the
fundamentals of design and manufacture.
Nearly all of the projects this year will focus on the design and manufacture of products, some of them
being continuations from last year.
Composite Micro-Scooter Project
I would like one student to design and manufacture the body of a composite micro-scooter. Projects have
already produced the bars and the head tube. This projects would aim to design an optimum composite
scooter bed to produce the finished article.
Composite BMX Frame
This projects will focus on the design and manufacture of a composite BMX bike frame. It would involve
similar design and manufacture to that of the composite micro-scooter, but obviously a vastly different
shape, form and loading. This is an ambitious project, where the goal is to be riding it around before project
submission.
Composite Wings (2 projects)
This project will involve optimising the design and manufacturing methods for composite wings for model
gliders. It will involve the use of structural calculations and FE analysis to optimise the design
Composite Wheels
A project on the design and manufacture of composite wheels: This will focus on the design and
manufacture of BMX wheels
Other Composite Product Design and Manufacturing Ideas

I welcome any other ideas for the design and manufacture of composite products
Note: Design and manufacture projects need to be started early in the year, hopefully over the summer, to
be good and successful
Proposed Projects: Chris Toomer
Chris.Toomer@uwe.ac.uk
Enhancing wind turbine performance suite of projects Aero, Mechanical, Electronic - modelling and
experimental
Work undertaken in the department last year has shown the potential to increase wind turbine output by
over 10%. We wish to undertake a suite of loosely linked projects investigating different aspects of the
problem domain. There are opportunities for modelling projects on aerodynamic features on blades, wind
turbines and wind farms, experimental programmes on disturbed flow over blades and blade lift control
systems, electronic control systems design and wireless data exchange systems, stress and mechanical
design to understand failure mode mitigation
A mechanical or manufacturing engineering student is required to devise and manufacture a compact
device for generating super-clean air. The use of the device is multi-fold e.g. for aiding diagnosis in certain
types of cancer, for monitoring aircraft cabin purity etc. The device is aimed at being developed for
commercialisation. Student needs to know or be prepared to learn Labview.
Proposed Projects: Dr Gary Atkinson
Gary.Atkinson@uwe.ac.uk
These projects concern the use of a 3D data device built at UWE
www1.uwe.ac.uk/et/mvl/projects/facerecognition.aspx
Face Recognition using 3D metrics
This project aims to construct feature vectors of captured faces. That is, to parameterise a 3D scan into a
set of values that can uniquely identify an individual. The project will involve optimising the feature vector
and testing it against new existing face databases. The student should have good MATLAB skills.
Face recognition for pose variation
One of the problems with existing face recognition technologies concerns the errors introduced when the
face is scanned at a non-frontal angle to the camera. This project aims to (1) quantify the magnitude of this
problem and (2) devise a means for virtual rotation of the scan to minimise the induced error. The student
should have good MATLAB skills.
Laser inspection
One common means to inspect industrial components is to project lines of laser light onto the object as it
moves along a conveyor belt. This project is concerned with modifying an existing system to construct
vitual 3D models of a component to a reasonable degree of accuracy. Depending on the success of this, it
may be possible to extend the project to automatically detect faults such as indentations on the surface.
The student should have good MATLAB skills.
Polarisation vision
As light is reflected from various surface types, it undergoes a certain degree of polarisation. This property
of reflection can be used to deduce a range of information from images including shape, surface
orientation, reflectance components and haze/obscuration. This open-ended project is aimed at using
optics theory and experimentation to investigate one or more of the above in a range of controlled and uncontrolled conditions. The project may also involve using polarisation as a means to inspect shiny surfaces.
The student should have good MATLAB skills.
Video analysis of snooker ball collisions in MATLAB
This project concerns the capture of video data from snooker ball collisions, the extraction of dynamic
information using computer vision techniques in MATLAB and some dynamics theory application to the
collision physics. The project may include analysis of the acceleration of the cue tip during contact,
depending on results and student interest. It is not important to have prior knowledge of computer vision,
but MATLAB skills are a necessity. Some basic ability at cue sports is recommended for ease of data
capture!"
Obstacle detection
Many automotive and robotics systems can benefit from the use of computer vision approaches to detect
obstacles in their path. This project focusses on the detection of moving obstacles such as pedestrians
running out into the road while a driver is attempting to reverse park a car. The project will involve the
development of image processing algorithms to (a) detect motion in a field of view, (b) determine whether
or not the motion is due to an obstacle and (c) generate an alert if necessary. The student should have good
MATLAB skills.
Speed over ground
Using a reversing camera pointing at the ground, the aim of this project is to derive the true vehicle ground
speed. This signal would be very useful at very low speed, since the conventional wheel speed sensor stops
providing meaningful information below 1KpH. Therefore, events such as 4 wheels lock or 4 wheel spin
cannot be detected with existing wheel sensors.
Proposed Projects: Ben Drew
Benjamin.Drew@uwe.ac.uk
General Areas of interest: Dynamics, Control, Vehicle Dynamics, Vehicle Simulation, Formula Student
(Vehicle Dynamics related)
Lands End to John OGroats on 1 gallon of fuel
Eco-marathon cars are special vehicles designed and built with the sole purpose of being able to travel the
furthest distance on a minimal amount of fuel. The current record for such vehicles as an equivalent fuel
consumption of 15210 miles per (imperial) gallon, or 0.018572 litres per 100 km. To achieve these, the
vehicles are specifically designed for the task, and are obviously not road legal. One way to achieve such
high levels of fuel efficiency is to use a burn-and-coast strategy where fuel is used to accelerate the vehicle
to a set speed, then coast for as long as possible before restarting the engine.
The traditional distance by road from Lands End to John OGroats (the south-west and north-east
extremities of Great Britain) is 874 miles. This project would result in a design proposal for a road-legal
vehicle that could achieve the journey on one gallon (4.5461 litres) of fuel (petrol or diesel) or less. This
vehicle, too, would be specifically designed for the challenge, but as stated, must be road legal.
Enhancing braking cueing for a car simulator
Professional car simulators aim to closely resemble the real world, and the better these simulators are, the
greater the benefits to the user. The main aim of this project is to investigate and design a system to
enhance the immersion of the simulator when the vehicle is braking. Being a static simulator, the visual cues
are good for lateral feedback (vehicle path), and the aural cues are good for acceleration (engine sounds),
but for deceleration, it is difficult to judge braking performance from visual cues only. The work will examine
ways in which the sensation of braking performance can be fed back to the driver. The focus initially will be
for motorsport applications, but an extension would be towards conventional road cars and HGVs.
Two-wheel drive motorcycle
In addition to their off-road capabilities, cars with all-wheel or four-wheel drive offer traction advantages on
both the road and race track. Can the same be said for a two-wheel drive motorcycle? This project will
investigate past attempts to integrate two wheel drive into motorcycles before going to developing a
conceptual design, selecting materials, conducting design calculations and designing and assembly in CAD.
Human Powered LSR
The current land speed record for a human powered vehicle is 83.13 mph. The aim of this project is to
design and develop a proposal for a human powered vehicle that has the potential to beat this record. This
project would involve investigating aerodynamics, transmission and overall design of the vehicle including
modelling and simulation.
Modelling of the Formula Student car for the Vehicle Simulator
The department has a vehicle simulator as part of its facilities, and while accurate models exist for a range
of vehicles (including Formula 3 and Formula 1), there is no existing model of a Formula Student car. This
project will be to develop a vehicle model of the FS car that can be implemented in the software of the
simulator that can be used to setup the chassis of the real formula student car. This will involve investigating
how the vehicles are modelled in the rFactor software, and developing the necessary files to create an
accurate model of the vehicle suitable for development and setup.
3D Suspension Design for the Formula Student Car
This design project will be to develop in 3D a full kinematic and design model for the suspension for the
Formula Student car.
I will also often entertain project ideas in my areas of expertise. Please contact me for more information.
Proposed Projects: Rui Cardoso

Please contact Rui.Cardoso@uwe.ac.uk
Design of a hydraulic press
Last year there was a project for the design of a new hydraulic press to be used on the manufacturing
laboratory in EDM. The press was designed for carrying a maximum tonnage of 100 tons and to be able to
sheet form mid-sized parts. There is still too much to be done regarding structural design and optimisation,
tool design and fixture and control systems. However, there is the possibility for continuing and improving
last years project, start from an existing solution and add more features to it.
Design of a test rig for the tension-compression-tension mechanical testing
The Bauschinger effect is the difference in yielding in tension and compression. It is experimentally
observed during cyclical tension-compression-tension mechanical testing and it is very important for the
accurate prediction of springback in sheet metal forming analysis. Springback is of extreme importance for
the automotive industry. Springback leads to errors in the dimensions of the final parts after forming.
Without accurate forming tolerances it is very difficult to bond formed sheet parts together. The problem is
that the compression tests cannot be done easily for thin metal sheets due to the buckling of the metal strip
test specimen. The main idea of this project is to improve existing solutions for the test rigs we have already
in the lab so that the tension-compression-tension tests can be done effectively in the universal tensile test
machine. You can come over with new ideas for a different device and you will need to use FEA for the
prediction of the Bauschinger effect and comparison with experiments.
Design of experimental setups, theoretical and numerical models to predict Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD)
for sheet metal forming processes.
This project is mainly related with studies on the formability of metal sheets for sheet metal forming
processes. Sheet metal forming is one of the most important manufacturing processes in the automotive
industry. So, for this particular industry, the formability of metal sheets is extremely important. The
formability can be measured by the use of forming limit diagrams (FLD). In this project, you must be able to
perform experimental setups on the Erichsen model 145-60 sheet metal machine and conduct experimental
tests to obtain the FLD as well as to conduct studies on numerical methods and theoretical models for the
prediction of forming limit diagrams.
Design of a shear test device for the universal tensile test machine
The study of the formability of metals is very important for the manufacturing industry. In what regards the
sheet metal forming industry, the formability has been assessed mainly by the use of tensile testing and
from the Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD). However, tensile testing has some limitations on the amount of
elongation on fracture that can be achieved and so the shear test has been commonly used for higher
values of elongation before fracture. The main reason is that with the shear test the cross-sectional area of
the specimen does not change with deformation and so necking is almost non-existent. Also, it is possible to
do tension-compression-tension tests with the shear test and then reproduce the Bauschinger effect
without the buckling of the thin sheet during the compression stage. The main objective of this project is
the design, development and manufacture of a test rig for the tensile test machine for the mechanical
testing of thin sheet specimen in shear.
Development of a MatLab numerical code for structural analysis of wing boxes.
This topic is strongly related with numerical analysis for structural design. The idea is the development of
numerical structural analysis codes in MatLab for the structural analysis of wing boxes. The numerical
methods will be based on the weighted residuals and the finite element method. You will need to know well
the principles of structural idealisation for a proper implementation of the finite element method in
MatLab. You will need to implement the stiffness matrix of structural elements for the structural analysis of
shear flows, deflections and twist angles of aircrafts wing-boxes. Your MatLab code must be also able to
predict buckling critical loads and buckling modes for typical aircraft structural components as, for example,
stiffened plates. There are a maximum of three different projects that can be offered within this research
topic.
Numerical simulation of high-speed impact in composite materials
The idea of this project is to use the commercial software ABAQUS for the numerical analysis of high-speed
impact in composite materials. You will have to model composite materials in ABAQUS and use damage and
failure criteria for the prediction of the failure point in the structure.
Proposed Mechatronics Projects: Dr Appolinaire EtoundiWith technological evolution and increase of the
market demands designers and engineers have to conceive products whose evolution potential is set on a
wise combination of technological principles from different disciplines.
In light of this, Dr Appolinaire Etoundis primary research interest lies in the development of
multidisciplinary systems integrating the Mechatronics approach at the early stage of conception in the
areas of biomechanical, rehabilitation and robotic engineering.
If you are interested in one of these areas and willing to explore ideas for a project, please contact Dr
Appolinaire Etoundi.
Proposed Projects: Dr Mayo Adetoro
Mayo.Adetoro@uwe.ac.uk
Applicable to BEng and MEng Aerospace Engineering (Design Stream)
Structural Optimisation of a Metallic Aircraft Wingbox

Owing to robustness and accuracies in numerical methods and computer capabilities, structural
topology optimisation has been well established and from very early design stages of aircraft parts,
the use structural optimization is growing very rapidly.
This project is aimed at optimising the design of a metallic wingbox using numerical methods, whilst
taking into account several components and loading cases expected during different plight phases.
Optimisation of Composite Ply Orientation for an Aircraft Wingbox
Owing to robustness and accuracies in numerical methods and computer capabilities, structural
topology optimisation has been well established and from very early design stages of aircraft parts,
the use structural optimization is growing very rapidly.
This project is aimed at optimising the ply thickness and orientation of composite for use in an
aircraft wingbox, using numerical methods. Where a final optimised wingbox design is compare
with initial globally uniform ply orientation and also with metallic wingbox.
Numerical Prediction of Delamination of Composite Plate due to Impact of a Projectile
Composite materials are widely used in many applications that are prone to impact from projectiles
and fibre reinforced composites with a laminate layup (or laminates) are the most typically used
composites. When laminates are subject to projectile impact, very local failure of the different
laminate components is observed, such as fibre fracture, matrix failure and delamination. When
failure occurs, the laminate is locally weakened.
Hence it is highly desirable to predict this delamination and to further understand how it weakens
the structure. This project will attempt this using FEA numerical methods and also using
experimental methods for validation.
Computational Analysis of the impact of birds (bird strike) on a Composite Wing Sections or
Aircraft Windscreen (Phase II)
The impact of an airborne animal (usually bird or bat) on an aircraft remains a significant threat to
flight safety and has resulted in several incidents in the past. This usually occurs during the takeoff
and the landing phases of the flight. The cost of bird strike to aviation worldwide is estimated to be
around US$1.2 billion annually.
The project aims to computationally simulate the impact of birds on Wing sections and to investigate
the damage caused on a metallic and composite wing section, whilst using experimental data from
the literature for validating the numerical approach.
Aerodynamics of jet engine turbine blades
Jet engines are extensively used in the aviation industry and several researches are carried out into
the aerodynamics of the turbine blades due to its complexity. This project will investigate into the
aerodynamics of a jet engine turbine blade using a computational fluids dynamics approach and
factors that influences the efficiency of the engine.
Numerical Investigation of the Collision of a Motorsport Vehicle
The collision of a motorsport vehicle can prove fatal for its passenger, hence the use of numerical
and experimental methods to investigate the safety of the passenger for a given vehicle design.
In this project, the collision of a motorsport vehicle would be investigated using computational solid
mechanics approaches such as FEM.
Turbine Blade Ejecting through Bird Strike (Phase II)
One of the safety requirements set by agencies such as the federal aviation administration to ensure
safety performance of jet engines is the bladeoff testing. Such phenomena could occur in the
event of a bird strike or intake of any other foreign object. In the test, a complete fan blade is broken
whilst the engine is running at full thrust and the energy of broken blade must be absorbed by a
containment ring, which shrouds the fan blades. The aim of the project is to simulate this bladeoff
test using computational or numerical methods.
Numerical Simulation of Aquaplaning

Road vehicles, when traveling at a certain speed on a wet surface can experience aquaplaning, which
is a condition where the pneumatic tire loses contact (traction) with the surface, due to water not
being displaced from the contact area. At a critical speed, the steering capability of the tire is
completely lost and braking ability drops drastically. The thread profiles on tires are specifically
designed to enhance the displacement of water on surfaces from contact areas, hence delay or
prevent aquaplaning.
This project will focus on the numerical simulation of aquaplaning using in commercial FE packages,
which now have the capabilities of simulating fluidstructure interaction.
Analysis of the Aerodynamics of a racing time trial bicycle or the Rider
The design of time trial bikes and the overall shape of the rider has a direct impact on the
aerodynamic drag, which has a direct impact on the performance more so since the cyclist is not
allowed to cycle in the slipstream of other riders.
This project aim to model the aerodynamics around a rider or the bicycle, first assuming stationary
positions and eventually extending to include moving mesh. Experimental results would be used for
validation especially of stationary cases.
Proposed Projects: Jason Matthews
Jason.Matthews@uwe.ac.uk
Bio-inspired structures An investigation of the application of biomimicry in the design of a load bearing
structures for packaging and processing robots
Design and modelling of a geodesic dome Using design theory to conceptualise a geodesic dome which can
be employed in live events applications.
Design of a system to automate on vehicle composite repairs Investigating the customer needs and
available technologies to partially support the process of scarf repairs. These repairs must be completed on
the vehicle.
Collapsible robot structures With the increase in collaborative working between humans and robots, the
emphasis becomes safety. This projects aims to investigate the concept of a robot arm that 'collapses' on
contact with humans"
Automated disassembly of comsumer products. Investigate the design of a automated system that is
capable of disassembling consumer products
Design of Morphing structures for UAV For small UAV's, investigate the concepts of morphing wings for
aircraft performance
Collapsible robot structures. With the increase in collaborative working between humans and robots, the
emphasis becomes safety. This projects aims to investigate the concept of a robot arm that 'collapses' on
contact with humans"
Machines that build themselves The concept of rapid protyping machines, replicating themselves is a
current 'hot' research topic. This projects aims to investigate the next stage of such machines also building
themselves.
UAV for border security Conceptually design a UAV that can be used for UK border security applications
Green manufacture The concept of manufacturing parts as quickly as possibly has been the main approach
to reduce costs. This project aims to investigate whether the inclusion of green production strategies can
also be used to reduce costs?"
Profiling machine Working with Watts Urethane. Designing a production system to profile their product
post assembly.
Severn bridge roller pin bearings To develop, test and analyse contact surfaces for Severn bridge roller pin
bearings
Projects: Dr Lisa Brodie
Lisa.Brodie@uwe.ac.uk
In the area of Engineering Management, supervision usually takes place in the context of live industrial
projects. I am interested to hear from part-time students with live industrial projects in the following areas:
Operations management
Manufacturing systems engineering
Performance measurement
Lean manufacture
Process improvement
Project Management
If your project is outside of this scope, but you would like to discuss your idea further please feel free to
send me a short proposal for further discussion. Additionally, if there are any full time students with a keen
interest in engineering management, I am happy to consider proposals for original research in one of these
areas.
Projects: Rachel Szadziewska
Rachel.Szadziewska@uwe.ac.uk
Area of Interest: Heat Transfer, Mechanical Engineering
Project Brief:
Students who would like to embark on a project with a strong focus on heat transfer should contact me by
email to arrange a meeting. The most successful projects are driven by personal interest.
Ideally your project idea will involve an element that can be investigated experimentally and linked with a
mathematical model. Many projects involve using CAD and CFD.
Students wishing to embark on an MEng need to ensure that there is sufficient scope in their proposal to
allow a creative leap to be pursued at Level M.
Proposed Projects: Dr Tushar Dhavale
Tushar3.Dhavale@uwe.ac.uk
Variable Pitch Propeller for high power UAV application
System surrounding:
In order to achieve high efficiency and low energy consumption throughout all stages of a UAV flight
procedure (take-off, climb, cruise, mission, descend, landing); it is preferable to being able to adjust the
propeller blade angle, regarding to each of the above mentioned flight conditions. The system will have to
be designed to fulfill the requirements and power emission of an existing electric motor-unit and be acting
as a pusher-propeller configuration.
Project outlines:
Therefore, this project includes all development stages, from planning, over initial design phases using CADSoftware (preferable Solid Works) until prototyping and final product manufacturing of the system utilising
lathes, milling machines and eventually CNC tooling as well.
Uniqueness of Project:
Within this power range of the propulsion unit (up to 800W peak), this topic has not been researched and
engineered yet. Reliable systems are only available up to a power output of 200W. In addition to that, this
system requires to be realised for a folding propeller which folds backwards during idle, with the force of
the oncoming airflow.
Proposed Projects: Changho Yang
Changho.Yang@uwe.ac.uk
Projects Related to an Internal Combustion Engine
Recycled plastic fuel and ICE performance (Masters or 2 years 3rd year)
Waste plastic is recycled to produce recycled fuel and operating IC engine. Investigation of power
performance and emissions
Development of DAQ (Data Acquisition System) 3rd year
To develop DAQ system on Labview and integrate it on internal combustion engine test bed
HC and CO engine simulation on Ricardo Wave 3rd year
Internal combustion engine simulation model and its operation
NOx simulation model on Ricardo wave 3rd year
Soot Simulation model on Ricardo Wave 3rd year
Proposed Projects: Rohitha Weerasinghe
Rohitha.Weerasinghe@uwe.ac.uk
The areas of research in which I can offer projects include Sustainability and Building Physics, Computational
Fluid Dynamics, Thermo-fluids, Micro Fluids, Renewable Energy Technologies, Motorsport and Automotive
Engineering.
I have to restrict the number of students that I take on as prospective project students in 2015-2016. Hence,
it is strictly first come first served.
Formula Student (FS) Projects

As the UWE Racing Formula Student Advisor I can offer around eight projects related to formula student
competition. The designs will be based on the UWE FS racing car prototype. You will strictly have to become
a member of the UWE Racing Formula Student team to carry on one of these projects. Both
Motorsport/Automotive and Mechanical Engineering students are ideal as candidates, but Aerospace
students are equally welcome. There is also scope in the FS project for Electronic Engineering students.
UWE FS Racing team expects to compete in both Class 1 and Class 2 categories in the FS Competition in
2015. As a FS team member you will have to design, make it work and test in a competitive environment.
The 2016 cars will be all electric hence there is no space for engine design. The students interested are
encouraged to attend the formula student event in Silverstone in July 2015 to get a feel of the real
competition.
FS Body Shell Design and Construction
The body shell design involves the interrogation of the existing design, proposing improvements or an
alternative design, Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation of options, wind tunnel testing of the
design and a model and construction of the body shell. The student is required to (or willing to learn and)
have a good fluid dynamics background. Use of CAD and CFD software and model testing is essential.
FS Aerodynamic Design
The aerodynamic design involves the performance enhancement of the FS car using Engineering analysis,
Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation, wind tunnel testing and construction of the parts. The
student is required to (or willing to learn and) have a good fluid dynamics background and an interest in
motor sport. Use of CAD, CFD software and model testing is essential.
FS Suspension Design and Fabrication
A suspension design is already in place and some parts have been constructed. However, the scope of the
project is to interrogate the current design and modify or propose a new design and build the suspension
system of the car. This is a continuation of a current project but testing will be essential prior to
competition. The student will have to use software for modelling and build the system using off the shelf
and self-built components. Use of CAD, Automotive software and model testing is essential.
FS Chassis Design
The 2015 UWE FS chassis has already been designed based on an IC engine driven car. However, the team in
2016 will use an electric drivetrain and the rules do not allow the use of the present design. The aim of the
project is to design a new FS chassis that will accommodate an electric drivetrain that can be used for the
2015 UWE racing FS car. The student will have to learn structures and use CAD and FEA software to design
the elements. An understanding of how automotive structural elements work will be helpful.
FS Powertrain Design 2016
The 2015 UWE FS powertrain has already been decided .This is based on an internal combustion (IC) engine.
However, the team in 2016 will use an electric powertrain. The aim of the project is to design a new FS
powertrain that will accommodate an electric motor that can be used for the 2016 UWE Racing FS car. The
student will have to learn about electric motors, vehicle powertrains and control. This project is equally
suitable for a student with interests in Electronic and Electrical Engineering. Use of existing automotive
software and development of a modelling tool are expected as an outcome of the project.
FS Vehicle Dynamic Optimisation
This is a new area introduced to the UWE FS design. Test results are available from a previous project of
cornering optimisation of a different race car. The student will have to use these data (or find more suitable
test data) and use these in conjunction with software tools to optimise the cornering characteristics of the
UWE FS racing car. This will help in the dynamic event of the race. The student also can build a scale model
of the design and test before implementing in the prototype.
Formula Student Projects: Other Ideas
There will be two or three opportunities in the formula student design for more projects. A cooling system
suitable for the batteries (despite the present design uses an air cooled engine), the drive train, electronic
control and steering are to name a few. Ideally, as mentioned earlier the project candidates are expected to
become members of the UWE Racing FS team and make a part of the 2016 Formula Student team. These
are open to all engineering students. However, I expect the projects to have a design, analysis (and
modelling), preferably model testing and implementation in the prototype.
Building Physics, Sustainability and Energy Projects
Sustainability is an integral part of building design. A fair number of engineering graduates end up in the
building sector as designers. I can offer a few ideas for projects in which I have an academic interest and
industry experience. Most of these projects can be linked with an industry partner.
Micro Systems: Microfluids
In many technical systems there is a strong trend for miniaturisation towards the micrometre and even submicrometre range. Microfluids is an area that I am interested in where there is a great potential for research
both fundamental and applied. The following projects are promising examples of microfluidic applications,
and the area is not limited the following.
Design of a Micro Combustion Device
The high energy density of hydrocarbon fuels create a great opportunity to develop combustion based
micro-power generation systems to meet increasing demands for portable power. The aim of the project is
to study applications of micro combustion and design a micro combustion thruster or a micro combustion
engine. This requires the student to understand fluid dynamics, combustion and nano-technology. In depth
theoretical studies and computer simulations are needed to be done. Computational Fluid Dynamic
software can be used for initial simulations. CAD and CFD knowledge is helpful. The project is aimed at
design, but fabrication of a device is possible and this area of research has potential for further investigation
at a higher level. A student considering taking the project into a Masters level or higher is encouraged to
consider this project.
Microfluidic Applications in Solar Thermal Energy Absorption
Despite prolonged research, efficiency of solar energy harnessing technologies is not very attractive in most
applications. For example, the best solar PV panels are less than 20 % efficient. The aim of this project is to
look into the application of micro fluid technology into solar energy extraction. The initial application may
be the application into a solar thermal panel. Computational Fluid Dynamic software can be used for initial
simulations. CAD and CFD knowledge is helpful. The project is aimed at design, but fabrication of a device is
possible and this area of research has potential for further investigation. A student considering taking the
project into a Masters level or higher is encouraged to consider this project. I can arrange field testing
facilities in a University in Sri Lanka where you get nearly 12 hours of sunshine (or rain) all year, provided the
project advances to this level in sufficient time.
Microfluidic Applications in Medicine
The challenge of microfluidics is to control liquids or gases on the micro scale. The developing use of
microfluidics in diagnostics, drug delivery and implants is phenomenal. These technology advances include
electro-wetting and a piezo-driven membrane micropumps. If a student is interested in one of these
applications he would be using Computational Fluid Dynamic software and some form of manufacturing. A
student considering taking the project into a Masters level or higher is encouraged to consider this project.
Other Project Interests

If you have a project idea or wish to develop a concept in Thermo-fluids, Motorsport and Automotive
Engineering, Sustainability and Building Physics, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Micro Fluids, Renewable
Energy Technologies or any other related area please feel free to contact me. Especially, if you have an
interest in projects majoring in Thermofluids I strongly recommend you to contact me.
My e-mail is: Rohitha.Weerasinghe@uwe.ac.uk
Centre For Machine Vision

If you are interested in any of these projects please contact:
Melvyn Smith, e-mail Melvyn.Smith@uwe.ac.uk
or
Lyndon Smith, e-mail Lyndon.Smith@uwe.ac.uk
Hidden camera / lens detection
There is a need to detect the lens of hidden cameras; examples include identifying a sniper in a military
context, finding bugs hidden in a room or locating devices used to make pirate copies of films in a cinema
setting. One of the main problems is that of false negatives, i.e. mistaking shiny objects within a busy scene
for cameras.
This project will involve research into these application areas and experimental work aimed at developing
and testing a robust method for lens detection in a busy environment. This project is suitable for one or two
students
Who goes there enhanced human facial recognition?

Humans are furious pattern matchers, and face recognition of familiar faces is highly accurate and fast.
However when the face to be recognised is unfamiliar, recognition performance decreases rapidly. In
addition to this, humans are better at recognising faces from their own race. The problem of recognising an
individual who is unfamiliar and of a different race therefore becomes extremely problematic. Any
improvement in this ability would assist security personnel at checkpoints into military bases and help to
detect individuals who may have been previously refused enrolment.
The project will investigate how we might enhance other race face recognition by temporarily adapting a
trained guards representation of face space away from their own race, and into that of the neutral (e.g.
Afghan) force. Research has shown that recognition capabilities of other races can temporarily be increased
by adapting the norm-based representations of face space by exposing the person to examples of the
other race prior to a discrimination task (Rhodes et al., 2010). We envisage a system that would initially
adapt a guards face space norm to the other race, and then on presentation of an individual who wished
either to gain access or enrol, an image would be taken of the person and their ID, and this would be
interleaved between images used for adaptation in order to maintain the temporary face space. This
technology could be implemented as an application running on portable hand-held devices, e.g. mobile
phone, etc.
The project could consider:
1. Enhanced ability to recognise other race individuals in the field
2. Temporary in effect, with no known negative effects on own race performance
3. Non-intrusive compared with retinal/iris scans or fingerprinting
Reference:
1. Rhodes, Gillian, Tamara L. Watson, Linda Jeffery, and Colin WG Clifford. "Perceptual adaptation helps us
identify faces." Vision research 50, no. 10 (2010): 963-968.
Virtual X-Rays a training simulator

This project will investigate the potential benefits of a semi-virtual x-ray simulator. Innovative machine
vision and graphical modelling techniques offer the potential for accurately detecting real human body
poses for the simulation of corresponding virtual radiographs. The approach could have implications for
diagnostic radiography. This approach could more realistic and useful than entirely virtual x-ray simulations
or unrealistic physical models, does not employ harmful ionising radiation (allowing self-directed study) and
will reduce the need for repeat radiographs.
Intelligent or directed advertising
Directed or targeted advertising is common place in the on-line shopping environment but is less known in
the out-of-home (OOH) shopping experience where technical challenges are more complex. This project will
consider an exciting opportunity to use 2D and 3D image recognition technology for the capture of
information from passerby individuals (or group of individuals) such as demographic (gender, age) and
behavioural (head movements, eye gazing transitions) information (to assess engagement / interest in
digital adverts) and the benefits or otherwise this technology could offer top both customers and retailers.
Skin Care technology
This project will investigate the potential for a skin analysis device in the area of beauty and cosmetics. Lowcost technology has been developed at UWE that is able to simultaneously capturing skin colour and fine 3D
skin textures. The incorporation of 3D skin data is particularly novel and might allow objective and accurate
quantification of skin colour, texture, tone, wrinkle depth/structure, pore definition and luminosity. The
project will investigate market potential for such a device that would allow customers to identify precisely
their skin type and will enable the tailoring of a personal skin care routine and purchasing experience.
Automated cattle Condition monitoring
This project seeks to investigate the potential for innovative 3D imaging technology to enhance
measurement of cow body condition score (BCS), live-weight and mobility (gait) as a farm management
decision-making tool. If feasible, the technology would allow monitoring of changes of individual cow
condition to inform nutrition management and improve cow health and productivity.
Enhanced biometric 3D fingerprint recognition
Current automated biometric finger/handprint recognition systems use 2D data & are vulnerable to
spoofing. The objective is to consider the application of Photometric Stereo (PS) for 3D finger/hand data
capture and characterisation, in order to develop new, low cost, non-contact sensors and imaging
technology for more robust identification in security, crime prevention and detection. The work might also
involve the consideration of suitable 3D print and vascular feature identification and the modelling and
visualisation of fingerprint unwrapping and interaction with real objects of differing shape and surface
texture. The work has application in both security and forensics.
A Novel 3D Sensor for Automatic Defect Detection and Fabric Grading
Automatic inspection and grading of fabrics is a fundamental and urgent necessity for textile manufacturers,
not only in order to remain competitive against the fierce competition within a global textile market, but
also to respond to an ever increasing global demand. Although measures to improve quality and enhance
productivity are continuously being researched and applied, the current technologies fail to meet
expectations in terms of quality inspection and fabric complexity. Such fabrics give rise to new types of
microstructure defects, which are thus more difficult to characterise using 2D data and call for 3D
inspection approaches. This project will investigate the feasibility and potential advantages of 3D
assessment in fabric inspection. This work has also potential to be extended within other manufacturing
areas such paper, rubber, plastic and composites.
A Device for skin ulcer assessment
There are an estimated 90 million wound assessments each year in the UK, upon which therapeutic
decisions are based, such as use of antibiotics, referral to a specialist and treatment discontinuation. Any
delay in recognising wound deterioration can greatly increase complications, and for patients with diabetic
foot ulceration this may result in amputation. At present chronic wounds are monitored by periodic
measurement of the maximal length, breadth and depth using disposable rulers. As such, wound
assessment has poor intra- and inter- individual reproducibility, hence there is an immediate need for a
robust and reliable method of evaluation. To date, attempts to develop an imaging device have been
hampered by high cost (e.g. laser imaging). This project will consider the development of low-cost, easy-touse novel 3D imaging technology for wound assessment. The aim is to provide accurate reproducible
objective data for classification, to rationalise wound care delivery and benefit patients through early
intervention.
The nose as a biometric
The concept of face recognition has been studied for several decades now. However, whilst offering good
recognition rates in highly controlled environments, existing systems suffer from a range of problems. The
principal aim of this project is to consider the feasibility of biometric recognition technology for person
identification/authentication based solely on the nose structure. Specifically, to investigate the usefulness of
the shape of the nose and the detailed structure of the pores on the outer surface of the nose as biometrics
to authenticate the identity of a person or to identify an individual.
A need to measure changes in body shape
It is believed that subtle changes, both transient and long-term, in observed body shape over time may offer
useful indicators as to how the body responds to physical stress in the workplace. The occurrence of lower
back pain appears to have remained the same over the last 15 years despite the increased emphasis on
ergonomics and human factors in the workplace and despite all the results from various research efforts.
There is a growing body of evidence which indicates a strong statistical correlation between the curvature of
the spine (kurtosis and lordosis) and other risk factors associated with lower back injury and pain. Most
recently, physical therapists have begun using spinal curvature to more accurately select the proper physical
therapy to be used during recovery from lower back strain. Existing equipment is difficult to use, and
somewhat time late in measuring the actual spinal curvature. This project will consider an inexpensive (i.e.
costing less than 2,000), rapid and accurate replacement for the large and bulky contact spinal curvature
measurement device currently used. This will enable physical therapists to more quickly and accurately
diagnose a patient and provide a powerful and rapid new job evaluation technique for risk management by
quickly measuring changes in the spinal curvature. The availability of suitable technology will enable the
measurement of changes in the spinal configuration, which have previously been either difficult or
impossible. The detection of distortions might indicate a congenital condition, or could be the result of, for
example, heavy repeated loading of the spine.
Virtual tagging: the future for herpetological conservation
Estimating the number of animals in a population is a fundamental requirement in ecology and particularly
important for conservation. This is most commonly achieved by using a Mark-Release-Recapture technique
(MRR) that involves marking individuals so that they can be recognised at a later date when they are
recaptured. The number of recaptured individuals can then be used to obtain estimates of the size of the
population. This project will consider the potential for imaging technology to act as a cost-effective virtual
tagging system for non-invasive monitoring of individual amphibians and reptiles using surface markings.
The aim is to explore the development of pattern recognition software that can generate a unique
biometrical identifier for each individual.
An investigation into the potential for developing useful automated face recognition technology using
three-dimensional computer vision.
The objective is to investigate the feasibility of new forms of robust facial recognition technology that
utilise 3D shape data for human authentication and recognition purposes. Interest in developing improved
face recognition technology for commercial and law enforcement applications is timely. Existing systems
have limited application and there is a desire to achieve a greater tolerance to acquisition variables, such as
pose, lighting and changes in facial expression.
An investigation into the potential for developing useful teledermatology systems based on computer
vision, with particular application to the diagnosis of malignant melanoma (skin cancer).
Tele-dermatology is a developing technology in which images of skin lesions may be sent, for example by a
General Practitioner, to remote clinical experts who may assist in making a diagnosis. With the growth of
telecommunication networks and the development of digital imaging technologies, opportunity exists to
provide patients all over the world with access to specialist healthcare professionals, no matter how isolated
their surroundings. Potential exists to develop systems that are able to capture both two- and new threedimensional descriptions of human skin and also incorporate some level of automated image analysis. The
objective is to investigate opportunities for, and the feasibility of, such technology.
An investigation into the potential for developing useful three-dimensional metrology systems using
computer vision.
Continued improvements in imaging and lighting technology, combined with reduced costs, increasingly
push the boundaries for the application of vision based measurement or metrology. The objective is to
investigate new measurement tasks, both two- and three-dimensional, for which computer vision has not
traditionally been used but may now offer advantage. Possible examples include the development of
portable or hand-held measurement technology for data capture in the field, etc.
Polarisation vision
As light is reflected from various surface types, it undergoes a certain degree of polarisation. This property
of reflection can be used to deduce a range of information from images including shape, surface
orientation, reflectance components and haze/obscuration. This open-ended project is aimed at using
optics theory and experimentation to investigate one or more of the above in a range of controlled and uncontrolled conditions. The project may also involve using polarisation as a means to inspect shiny surfaces.
i-Skin, cares about your skin daily
The UWE Centre for Machine Vision has developed a portable optical devices for capturing skin colour and
fine 3D textures, which are highly correlated to and therefore able to quantify various skin conditions such
as skin tanning, smoothness, swelling and malignancy. Meanwhile current mobile devices like iPhones and
iPads are being developed with promising potentiality to be the future dominant platforms for photography,
computation, visualization and communication. The project aims to find ways to transfer our portable
devices into a smaller format based on mobile platforms so that a wide range of users can benefit our
research work. The project may result in new forms of software apps or some optical accessory components
for use with mobile phones.
iTape finds you a dimension
We often find ourselves in a situation where a measuring tape or ruler is required, for example checking or
posting a parcel, shopping for furniture or inspecting new rooms etc. However nowadays almost everyone
carries a mobile phone, which normally incorporates a very good camera system. We know the camera can
offer potential to quantify the dimensions in space. By setting up the camera system properly we may
capture images of objects, and then work out size by counting the number of pixels occupied by the object.
The project considers how to convert the most available mobile phones into virtual tapes to help our daily
life.
Multiple spectral imaging for inspection of human skin
The affordability of multi spectrum lighting and optical sensors enable us to examine spectral reflection
properties over a wide range of objects which normally exhibit huge diversity. The student can choose to
build and apply such a system to any object they may be interested in, though they may be encourage to
concentrate on human skin and food, two areas where the centre for machine vision have on-going interest.
GPU- enhancing and accelerating a new Photometric Stereo framework
GPUs provide a powerful parallel computing capability (through multiple threads) and offer huge potential
for solving traditional image processing problems. This is especially useful for the photometric stereo
method, where the same structure of data sets can be divided and allocated for the mode of parallel
computing. It is expected that the exploitation of GPUs will help to improve the accuracy and speed of the
recovery of 3D data using photometric stereo. This project will investigate this.
Interactive Visualization of Skin
The project will involve an investigation into the potential for developing useful tele-dermatology systems
based on computer vision, with particular application to the diagnosis of malignant melanoma (skin cancer).
Tele-dermatology is a developing technology in which images of skin lesions (moles) may be sent, for
example by a General Practitioner, to remote clinical experts who may assist in making a diagnosis. With the
growth of telecommunication networks and the development of digital imaging technologies, opportunity
exists to provide patients all over the world with access to specialist healthcare professionals, no matter
how isolated their surroundings. Potential exists to develop systems that are able to capture both two- and
new three-dimensional descriptions of human skin and also incorporate some level of automated image
analysis. The objective is to investigate opportunities for, and the feasibility of, such technology.
The project is to design a computer program which runs in a way similar to some video games: i.e. when the
user moves the mouse, the view changes in certain ways.
Details of the program might include:
1. The program loads some data from the computers memory which records the profile skin. These data
will be given by our staff.
2. The program is smart enough to sense the input from the user through keyboard or mouse;
3. New views of the skin will be produced on the screen.
This project is quite helpful for the dermatologists to examine skin disease through the Internet, i.e., this
project has application in tele-dermatology. However the techniques developed in this project can be
applied to many different scenarios: industrial surface inspection, scientific visualization etc.
An investigation into the potential for developing useful three-dimensional metrology systems using
computer vision
Continued improvements in imaging and lighting technology, combined with reduced costs, increasingly
push the boundaries for the application of vision based measurement or metrology. The objective is to
investigate new measurement tasks, both two- and three-dimensional, for which computer vision has not
traditionally been used but may now offer advantage. Possible examples include: automated Quality Control
in Part to Part Assembly in aerospace applications. For example, optical automated systems for the
inspection of aircraft joints in terms of dimensions, quality of holes, presence of fasteners; use of
endoscopes / robotic for inspection in awkward places within airframes; shape Measurement in Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) applications for imaging of damaged CFRP structures.
An investigation into the feasibility of the automated quality control of laurel leaves
This project follows an enquiry from processors in Turkey. They wish to introduce automation for the sorting
of leaves in terms of size (i.e. length and width), integrity (i.e. holed, broken and damaged leaves), colour
(i.e. uniformly green with no brown spots, etc). The leaves range in size from 3cm - 10cm in length and 2cm
- 5cm in width and will eventually have to be sorted at up to 100 leaves per second. Samples of leaves are
available. The objective is to investigate the feasibility of undertaking the task.
An investigation into the feasibility of low-cost hand-held metrology
There are several applications where it would be useful to have free-roaming hand-held three-dimensional
measurement technology available, for example when capturing dimensional and shape information from
the human body, useful in assessing medical conditions such as scoliosis (curvature of the spine) and
plagiocephaly (deformation of the head), and more generally in research on human posture and the
understanding of how the body is effected by activities such as heavy manual work or sporting activities.
This project will investigate the feasibility of developing this technology.
An investigation into the feasibility of the automated quality control of flat-pack furniture
The aim here is to determine the feasibility of monitoring the integrity (i.e. presence and completeness) and
dimensional position of CNC machined features on chipboard. The features have to be accurate to within a
tolerance of 0.5mm. The boards, which are used in the manufacture of furniture sold mostly through the
Argos chain, vary in size from 16cm (draw front) up to 2.2m (kitchen unit side panel) and can be moving at
over 30m/s. The boards are produced in batch sizes ranging from a few tens to many thousands and in a
range of finishes from light pine to dark graphite. If possible, it is also desirable to inspect for delamination
and quality of foil (veneer) surface finish.
An investigation into innovative methods for inspection of ceramic kitchen and bathroom tiles
Over the past few years, an industry funded research project has been underway at UWE aimed at
developing improvements in the quality control of mass produced ceramic tiles. The tiles are produced at a
rate of up to 200/minute and must be inspected for both colour and topographic defects. The former often
take the form of printing errors, while the latter could be surface depressions or cracks. The UWE team has
been working on a patented methodology which isolates two-dimensional and three-dimensional features
for moving objects. The project will aim to further develop this work.
An investigation into developing realistic lesion simulations for medical training purposes
The aim of the work will be to investigate the feasibility of generating realistic 3D simulations of skin lesions
using virtual reality techniques. Improved 3D acquisition and more immersive visualisation is seen as
important in medical training. Contact with medical professionals has identified: (1) a need for medical
students, GPs, dermatological and surgical trainees to be exposed to large numbers of example skin
conditions during training and (2) a need for an improvement in assessing certain difficult conditions such
as scarring, burn severity and lesion types (ie cancerous or benign). Item 1 is difficult and costly to achieve
in practice. This project therefore includes emphasis on developing new technology, allowing realistic
interactive 3D skin visualization, able to improve the quality and effectiveness of communication and
education/training in this area. The work will involve the use of 3D Studio and / or POVRay
(http://www.povray.org/).
Methods for automatic calibration of machine vision systems
In order to obtained accurate dimensional data, it is necessary to ensure that computer vision based
metrology systems are accurately calibrated. This can be a difficult process requiring considerable skill. A
technique is required that allows such systems to be easily calibrated by unskilled personnel using simple
calibration objects. The project will involve investigation into the problem and the development and testing
of a possible technique.
An investigation into developing an automated coin inspection device
The valuation of collectible coins is a relatively subjective process. The value of a coin will be based upon
assessing issue such as strike, and surface preservation. At present there are few grading companies and
they all use manual inspection methods. This means that the grade is subjective and is thus prone to human
error and judgement. This project will involve an investigation into current techniques and the
determination of the feasibility of using computer vision to more objectively perform the process.
An investigation into innovative techniques for measuring defects on shiny (specular) surfaces.
Many modern manufactured surfaces, such as plastic automotive trim components and glazed ceramic
tiles, possess shiny, mirror like finishes. The reliable detection of small surface defects, such as scratches,
can be difficult to achieve on specular surfaces. This project will investigate alternative methods to find
defects for both stationary and moving objects.
An investigation into using computer vision for describing the size and shape distribution of aggregates
Things like the size, shape and angularity of aggregate particles can have a huge impact on the strength and
wear resistance of concrete structure and asphalt road surfaces respectively. This project involves an
investigation into vision techniques for the capture and description of aggregate particle attributes, such as
aspect ratio and angularity.
An investigation into using computer vision for the quality control of fruit
The modern market for fruit retailing requires a high quality fruit condition; particularly in regard to the
avoidance of surface blemishes. The inspection of fruit for quality control is very repetitive and is therefore
prone to human error; this makes it well suited to the application of automation. This project will involve
the use of lighting, cameras and machine vision software to capture images of fruits and to analyse them
(possibly using neural network software) to check for surface blemishes. The project will result in a system
that analyses fruit and gives a value for the percentage of its surface that is blemish-free, and a subsequent
pass/reject recommendation for the fruit.
An investigation into using artificial neural networks for recognising patterns in surface textures
This project will focus on using artificial neural networks (NNs) for recognising patterns in surface textures.
The work will start by focusing on 2D textures (i.e. patterns). Considerable work has already been done in
this area; the student will review this and then go on to implement their own NN 2D texture analyser. The
second part of the project will involve pattern analysis for 3D textures, which is an area where much less
work has been done. The student will be able to utilize a unique device (the PS Device) which has been
developed in the Vision Lab. This will allow them to capture 3D surface data in the form of a Bump Map
(which consists of surface gradients). They will then use a NN to analyse the Bump Map in order to perform
pattern recognition on the 3D surface.
An investigation into using CAD data to program a vision based inspection system
The manual programming of any industrial system can involve considerable expense as the equipment will
often be taken out of service. In addition, there may also be potential for errors to be introduced in
interpreting existing drawings. This project will investigate the use of CAD model data for generating
program data used for quality control applications.
An investigation on new generation dermatology
Background: Dermatologists assess skin conditions mainly through the appearance of problematic skin
surface. This makes right delivery of visual impression of the conditions a key for the dermatology. Recent
advancement in skin imaging and telecommunication technologies has brought broad potentiality to
facilitate this procedure which may evolve into a new working model of dermatology.
Several generation of 3D skin imaging devices have being developed within the Machine Vision group for
scanning and visualizing skin surface, assisting the diagnosis of various skin conditions including skin
cancers. With the accessibility of high speed broadband internet and mobile communication, the devices
can be extended to be used by anybody at any places. This will bring huge potential benefits for patients,
clinicians and health care system.
Aims: the group should team up to investigate current working structure of dermatology and relevant new
imaging and communication technologies being used by dermatology, develop and realize new concept of
dermatology, and produce marketing strategy to broaden this new concept.
Task 1: literature review on:
1.
dermatology within whole health care system
2.
dermatological routine work model
3.
latest imaging and communication techniques for improving the service
4.
tele-dermatology
Task 2: development new conception for (tele)dermatology (pick up one or two)
1.
store-and-forward web based systems
2.
mobile systems
3.
real time video systems
4.
immersive interactive system
Task 3: exploration of new generation of dermatology
1.
market size, values
2.
opportunities and barriers (technique, ethic, financial and management aspects)
3.
outlook of future development
Assessment: A project report---describes the purpose of the project, how to develop new concepts (key
features such as target users, cost and accuracy), and exploration plan for new conception.
Corresponding to the report a presentation will be prepared and delivered to relevant audience.
A demonstration of new conception in the format of software and hardware (option)
Prerequisites: In view of the broad nature of the project, every person is supposed to contribute some
aspects of the tasks. The member is not requested to fulfil everything, but they are preferred if they have
more of the following skills: analytical and creative decision-making skills, programming experience,
knowledge of database and internet communication protocol, mobile computing and programming, market
analysis, image processing, computer vision, ergonomics and mechanical design.
Machine vision for analysis of scoliosis
Background: Scoliosis refers to a medical condition where the spine is curved into a C or S shape. It can be
present in young children and can become more severe during the growth spurt. Therefore it is beneficial if
the condition can be detected and, if appropriate, treated, at an early stage in adolescence. The condition
can be quantified in terms of the angle of the spine from the vertical (the Cobb angle). If this angle is small
the condition may be left untreated. In moderate cases bracing of the back may be used, while for more
severe Cobb angles corrective surgery may be undertaken.
One way of detecting the condition is applying a device known as a scoliometer to the back. However,
because of perceived limitations and drawbacks of this device, a number of vision based devices have also
been developed for analysis of the condition.
Aims: the group should team up to gain an understanding of what scoliosis is, how it is treated and what
information is important in its treatment. Then they are to investigate the functionality and limitations of
conventional scoliometers and the capabilities and limits of currently available vision based systems for
analysing the condition. Then, following an appraisal of what these vision based systems currently cannot
do and the clinical needs associated with treatment of the condition, a new vision based approach
incorporating, for example, dynamic analysis of the spine is to be suggested and specified.
Task 1: literature review on
1. The nature of scoliosis.
2. The capabilities and limitations of current techniques for detecting and monitoring the condition
(e.g. the scoliometer and full body x rays).
3. The capabilities and limitations of current vision based techniques for detecting and monitoring the
condition.
4. The importance of breathing monitoring in relation to scoliosis.
Task 2: an outline and discussion of a new vision based system for detecting/analysing scoliosis. Here
address pick one or two of the following:
1. Detection system for use in screening.
2. Dynamic analysis of scoliosis (when patient is bending/moving).
3. A system capable of non-contact measurement of breathing as well as spinal measurement.
Assessment: A project report---describes the purpose of the project, and the capabilities of the proposed
new system.
Prerequisites: It is desirable to have some of the following skills: analytical and creative decision-making
skills, medical device requirements, market analysis, image processing, computer vision, ergonomics and
mechanical design.
3D simulation and control of virtual Assemblies
Background: The fast advancement of Computer aided design (CAD) techniques has accelerated new virtual
prototyping concepts which increase efficiency and save cost compared to traditional design process.
However currently available virtual prototyping packages are either expensive or complex for individual
project use. Therefore there is a need for a cost effective prototyping tool to be developed for specific
research and training purposes.
The 3D picture controls and SoftMotion modules from National Instruments can work on virtual mechanical
dynamic systems assembled through 3D CAD tools like Solidworks and AutoCAD to either control individual
components or discover their performance (movement trajectories, strain, mass and friction effects et.al).
This can be finally extended to predict and optimize the system.
Aims: the team will work together to investigate state of the art for virtual prototyping techniques, and then
take the car wheel alignment as an example for modelling and realization of a prototyping procedure. This
will involve some CAD modelling of car steering and suspension assemblies.
Tasks:
1: literature review on latest virtual prototyping techniques
2: building up 3D solid models of vehicles
3: motion simulation, control and visualization
Assessment: A project report describing the purpose of the project, the development of individual
components, and their assembly, virtual motion control and realistic operation.
Corresponding to the report, a presentation will be prepared and delivered to relevant audience.
A demonstration of virtual working vehicle in the format of the chosen software.
Prerequisites: Some 3D CAD and programming experience in using the NI software will be helpful for the
project.
An investigation into vision based object measurement
Background: A company has identified an application for machine vision that involves measuring the size of
cuboidal boxes that have side lengths ranging from 5 cm to 40 cm. The boxes are to be located on a tabletop and the vision device is to be ceiling mounted. The specification is that the system shall be able to
measure a box quickly (in less than 1 second) and accurately (side lengths to be measured to +/- 3 mm).
Aims: the group should team up to investigate currently existing devices and the potential of machine vision
technology for implementing the required system. A technical specification is to be generated, and the
prototype cost is to be estimated. A production plan is required that should specify a realistic margin and
production volume, and this should be used to calculate the break-even point for the box measurement
system.
Task 1: literature review on existing vision measurement systems suited to the application.
Task 2: Experiment with vision technologies to see how suitable they are for this application. Techniques
that could be experimented with include:
4. Binocular stereo
5. Range finding system (e.g. ultra-sonic) with image capture for box measurement
6. Laser triangulation
Task 3: develop technical specification, concept design and business plan for the new vision based object
measurement system. This will require evaluation of:
1. Required component parts and their cost.
2. System design, configuration, aesthetics and mode of operation.
3. Estimate of final price and number to be manufactured per year; as well as other factors (for
example development time, development cost and production costs) needed to calculate breakeven point.
Assessment: A project report-describes the purpose of the project and outcomes for the above 3 tasks. The
report is to include engineering drawings for the proposed system and a business case that includes some
market analysis and the calculations for the break-even point.
Prerequisites: Some of the following skills are desirable: analytical and creative decision-making skills,
market analysis, image processing, computer vision, ergonomics and mechanical design.
Projects Proposed by Dr Abdessalem Bouferrouk, SL in Aerospace Engineering.
Abdessalem.Bouferrouk@uwe.ac.uk
Project 1: Assessing the capabilities of the Adjoint Solver in Ansys Fluent for optimising aircraft wings
The Adjoint Solver is a recently developed tool for automatic shape optimisation that achieves a desirable
effect. The Solver is independent of the number of design variables, making it a potentially valuable tool in
engineering design and enhancement. The capabilities of the Solver have not yet been fully appreciated,
however. This project investigates the potential of using the Adjoint Solver in Ansys Fluent CFD
(Computational Fluid Dynamics) package to optimise the shape of an aircraft wing with a built-in cavity for
minimum drag and maximum lift (thus reductions in fuel burn and harmful emissions). In addition, to
investigate the problem when flow control (using wall suction) is implemented. Instead of the time
consuming process of trial and error engineers are used to, the project looks at speeding up the shape
optimisation process by taking advantage of the Adjoint Solver. The numerical simulation will include CFD
calculations of the flow around the basic wing, estimation of the aerodynamic forces and pressure flow
field, then setting up simulations for a wing with a cavity (with/without wall suction). Finally, the Adjoint
Solver is used for optimising the shape and location of the cavity to improve the aerodynamic performance
of the baseline wing.
The aims of this project are:
1) To simulate the flow around a wing with a cavity (challenging problem) at critical flow conditions (e.g.
high angles of flight) using CFD commercial software Ansys Fluent
2) To carefully define the sensitivities of the flow solution to changes in geometry
3) To understand how to implement the Adjoint Solver to optimise the cavity shape and its location for best
aerodynamic performance
4) To solve the problem in 3) above when wall suction is implemented. The use of wall suction is for
purposes of stabilising the large-scale flow above the wing at high flow angles.
5) To report, discuss and understand the significance of the results obtained using the Adjoint Solver
6) To find out any limitations of the Adjoint Solver for the wing plus cavity problem
7) To suggest any practical tips on how the Adjoint Solver may best be implemented
Project 2: Trapped vortex flow control using synthetic jets
Active control of trapped vortices is a technology that can save fuel on future civil aircraft. The main
challenge remains the stabilisation of a large scale vortex once it has been trapped on the surface of a wing,
using for instance vortex cavities. The aim of this project will be to use CFD software (e.g. CFX/Fluent) to
model the flow around a wing with a cavity for vortex trapping and then to model a synthetic jet for flow
control of the vortex. This will allow to study the change in performance of the controlled flow and to see if
using synthetic jets (or another form of control) can really have a beneficial effect. One of the challenges of
this project will be to devise methods/ways to simulate a synthetic jet within commercial software.
Project 3: Modelling and analysis of a Heat Exchanger using CFD
This project aims at using available commercial CFD suites for the modelling and analysis of an industrial
heat exchanger and, if possible, to introduce design variations (e.g. using extended surfaces) to improve the
efficiency of the design. The long term is to have modelling capabilities for heat exchanger design for
capturing heat from exhaust hot gases. Cylinder with multi tubes where hot and cold fluid enter and then
heat transfer takes place. We can study different flow rates and temperatures. Can we estimate heat
transfer coefficients?
Project 4: Design of next generation supersonic jet
The aim of this design project is to give the interested student the opportunity to design the next
generation supersonic jet (either a business jet or economy). In particular, to lay down a clear method of
design from initial concepts to at least one design iteration. The project will need to address issues related
to engine design, high noise, materials used and any other parameters linked with the operation of a
supersonic aircraft. The student is also welcome to consider use of renewable energy sources to power the
vehicle.
Project 5: Design of next generation UAV with morphing wings and flow control
In this project design exercise, the interested student will work on a UAV concept that uses advanced
technology concepts in the form of morphing wings. The student needs to decide on the type of UAV and
its potential mission then to include the morphing wing design into the final concept. This may require a
combination of a number of existing technologies or novel ways proposed by the student taking the
project.
Project 6: "Construction of sensors and actuators for a morphing wing based on wind tunnel tests and/or
CFD" This is a continuation of a previous project. So far, a workable mechanism based on fish bone
structures has been developed and implemented on a wing structure to demonstrate the ability to change
the shape of the wing. The MSc project will attempt to develop the concept further by somehow
constructing sensors and actuators that allow effective sensing and actuation of the skin of the wing. To
demonstrate how these will work some form of controller and control law will need to be developed based
on experimental data. There is scope for numerical CFD work should wishes to consider this, too as a model
of the wing with the morphing mechanism currently exists. The long term hope is to demonstrate that
effective sensing and actuation of the morphing wing achieves desirable aerodynamic performances (e.g.
drag reduction) compared with a baseline wing with no morphing mechanism.
Project 7: Design and Validation of a Silent Aircraft
The student taking this project will have the opportunity to use their design creativity and engineering
thinking to come up with a novel design for low noise aircraft. This could be either through building on
existing knowledge from the Silent Aircraft Initiative, or by proposing completely new design for an ultralow-noise civil aircraft. The student can borrow ideas from biomimicry (e.g. techniques from silent birds),
with the opportunity to combine these with renewable energy sources to reduce energy use.
Project 8: Modelling and estimation of the effects of unsteady wind gusts on aircraft loading and stability
This project will look into building a framework for the modelling of unsteady wind gusts and then
estimating their effects on aircraft loadings and stability. It involves understanding how wind can be
accurately modelled and then to develop a software tool/code to integrate aerodynamic forces due to
gusts with dynamic response of the aircraft. What are the likely effects of wind gusts and atmospheric
turbulence on the future design of aircraft?
Project 9: Wing Vortex Cavities for Reduced Aerodynamic Noise
This project is concerned with the study of aeroacoustics of flows around airfoils/wings with different
cavities using CFD (or wind tunnel experiments if preferred). Can certain cavity shapes give reduced noise?
The student will model the flow using CFD, then estimate the change in aerodynamic noise due to the
shape of cavity, all compared with a clean wing.
Project 10: Challenges and Prospects of Green Aviation
This project initially aims at understanding all the factors and technologies involved in defining what is
meant by Green Aviation. The second part will be a study into how the various technologies must be
combined to achieve sustainable civil aviation for the future.

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Project List 1, 23 March 2015.

List of Engineering project titles, Academic year 2015/16.

Projects offered by Dr Yufeng Yao, Yufeng.Yao@uwe.ac.uk , Office: 2N21

For Mechanical & Automotive BENG/MENG students:

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 3 of 36

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine blades for urban environments

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 4 of 36

An investigation of computer data centre cooling

Proposed Projects: Quan Zhu

ergonomists undertaking SPAD risk evaluation.

Proposed Projects: Dr Sabir Ghauri

Proposed Projects: Nigel Gunton

ARINC 429 Avionics protocol hardware IP block

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 12 of 36

Skills: VHDL and/or Verilog, verification, hardware synthesis. Very challenging.

Proposed Projects: Ramin Amali

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 13 of 36

Proposed Projects: Neil Larsen

Powertrain; a project researching the electric powertrain of the motorcycle to

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 14 of 36

Suspension; a project researching the optimum suspension components to improve

All projects should involve costing, manufacturing and assembly processes.

Proposed Projects: Sanja Dogrmadzi

Proposed Projects: David Richardson

Other Composite Product Design and Manufacturing Ideas

Proposed Projects: Dr Gary Atkinson

Proposed Projects: Ben Drew

Proposed Projects: Rui Cardoso

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 18 of 36

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 19 of 36

Structural Optimisation of a Metallic Aircraft Wingbox

Numerical Simulation of Aquaplaning

Proposed Projects: Jason Matthews

Manufacturing systems engineering

Projects: Rachel Szadziewska

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 22 of 36

Proposed Projects: Dr Tushar Dhavale

Proposed Projects: Rohitha Weerasinghe

Formula Student (FS) Projects

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 24 of 36

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 25 of 36

Other Project Interests

Centre For Machine Vision

Who goes there enhanced human facial recognition?

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 26 of 36

Virtual X-Rays a training simulator

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 28 of 36

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 31 of 36

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 33 of 36

Projects Proposed by Dr Abdessalem Bouferrouk, SL in Aerospace Engineering.

Engineering Project list 1, 2015/16. 23 March 2015. Page 36 of 36

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