Naval Appren Tics S 00 Brad

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DUKE
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
Treasure
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I
NEW-YORK
1
84^1
THE
NAVAL APPRENTICE'S KEDGE ANCHOR
OR
YOUNG SAILOR S
ASSISTANT.
DEDICATED TO JOHN GALLAGHER,
Esq.
CAPTAIN UNITED STATES NAVY.
APFERTAINING TO THE PRACTICAL EVOLUTIONS OP SEAMANSHIP, RIGGING,
KNOTTING, SPLICING BLOCKS, PURCHASES,
RUNNING RIGGING, AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS APPLICABLE TO SHIPS OF WAR AND OTHERS.
WITH PLATES.
APPROVED, AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY A NUMBER OF OCR
MOST DISTINGUISHED NAVAL OFFICERS.
BY WILLIAM BRADY, BOATSWAIN,
XEW-YORK
U. S. N.
PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY FRYE & SHAW,

AT THEIR NAUTICAL SfORE,
484L
222
WATER-STREET
Entered according
to the
Act of Congress,
in the
year
1841,
by
WILLIAM BRADY,
In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Southern District
of New-York.
Vr^ i"<^3
PREFACE.
In offering the following work
to the public, the
author deems no apology necessary, as

for the use of the
it
was written
U. S. Naval Apprentices, as a ready
meians of introducing
them
by which they must expect
to the
to
theory of that art
advance in the profes-
sion they have chosen.
He
flatters himself,
useful to
any who intend
and particularly
Should
however, that
it
will bear in
fall
to
will be
into the
mind
found
embrace the Sailor
to those destined for the
life,
Navy.
hands of the learned, they
that he
is
better versed with the
marlingspike than the pen, and that

in the hours of relaxation
He
it
from
it
was composed
official duties.
any other work of this

which are large and expensive
he therefore hopes this may be received for that which
is
not aware that there
kind, except those
is
PREFACE.
it is
intended to
sailor.
be, a
The work
tion of a
Kedge Anchor
for the youthful
has been submitted to the inspec-
number of experienced naval
have given
it
their decided approbation,
officers,
who
and some of
whose names are appended to the work.

With these few relnarks he subniits it to a discerning public, to stand or fall on its own merits.
INDEX
1.
2.
To knot a Rope yarn.

To make a Fox.
1
3.
It
4.
tt
a Knitlle.
5.
tt
an Overhanded Knot.
6.
((
tt
a Figure of 8 Knot.
7.
(t
tt
8.
tt
two Half Hitches.

a Reef or Square Knot.
9.
it
10.
(C
it
11.
t(
It
12.
C(
ti
a Timber Hilch,
13.
It
it
a Fisherman's Bend;
14.
tt
tt
a Rolling Bend.
tt
a Cavrick Bend.
16.
tt
tt
a Cats
17.
tt
c.
a Sheet or Becket Bend.
18.
It
ti
a Back Wall.
19.
tt
t(
a RolliHiT Hitch.
15.
a Spanish Fox.
a Bowline Knot.
a Bowline on a Bight.
a
Running Bowline.
Paw.
1*
CONTENTS.
20.
To make
((
11
22.
23.
li
24.
<(
21.
a Selvage Strap.
a Pudding for a Mast or Yard.

a Short Splice.
a
Long
Splice.
an Eye Splice.
25.
li
a Cut Splice.
26.
((
((
a Flemish Eye.
27.
li
((
an
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Artificial
Eye.
To worm and serve a Rope.

To clap on a Throat and (Quarter Seizing.
To make a Turk's Head.
To sheepshank a Rope or Backstay.
To put a strand in a Rope.
To Wall and Crown.
To make a Matthew Walker.
(
35.
((
(C
a Spritsail Sheet Knot.
36.
li
11
t.
38.
({
39.
11
It
37.
Shroud Knot.
French Shroud Knot.
a Single
Diamond.
a Double Diamond.
.(
41.
((
((
42.
((
it
Common
43.
11
it
a Sea Gasket.
40.
a Stopper Knot.
a
Buoy Rope Knot.

Sennit.
44.
11
it
a Pauch or wrought Mat.
45.
it
ti
a Harbour Gasket, or French Se]

nit.
46.
Pointing a Rope.
CONTENTS.
To make
47.
"
48.
a Groinet.
pass a Rose Lashing.
49.
"
weave a Sword Mat.
50.
"
make
a Lashing Cleat,
BLOCKS.
51.
52.
''
Single Block.
53.
Double Block.
54.
" Treble Block.
5o.
"
56.
" Fiddle Block.
57.
"
58.
" Sister Block.
59.
"
60.
"
and Sheave.
Shoulder Block.
Shoe Block.
Monkey Block.
Dead Eye.
Bull's
61.
62.
Shell, Pin,
Eye.
" Heart.
63.
"
Belaying Pin Rack.
64.
"
Euphroe.
65.
"
Horn
66.
*'
Bee
67.
" Strop for a Block.
Cleat.
Cleat.
68.
"
69.
<'
Purchase Block.
70.
Top
71.
Cat Block.
72.
"
Snatch Block.
Tail Block.
Block.
CONTENTS.
73.
74.
7o.
A Nun Buoy.
To bend a Buoy
"
Puddinor the
Rope.
rino^ of
an anchor.
77.
make a Jacob's Ladder.

Can Hooks.
78.
Hogshead
79.
Barrel Slings.
80.
81.
'
82.
" Luff
76.
"
Slings.
Single Whip.
Gun Tackle
Purchase.
Tackle Purchase.
64.
Top Burton.
Whip and Runner.
85.
A Runner
83.
.86.
87.
''
Tackle.
Two-fold Purchase.
"
Three- fold Purchase.
88.
Names
89.
Rig Ship.
90.
To
of Rope.
To
get Sheers
on board.
raise the Sheers.
9L
" take in the
92.
"
93.
"
94.
"
rigf
95.
"
"
"
in
Mizen Mast.
Main and Foremast.
in the Bowsprit.
the Foremast.
Main and Mizen Mast.
Top
96.
" get the
97.
" swifter in the
98.
"
99.
" get on board the Topmast.
100.
set
over.
Lower Rigging.
up Lower Rigging.
" rig the
Topmast.
CONTENTS.
101.
To
get
on board and
rig Jib-boom.
Topmast Rigging.
102.
" swifter in
103.
" rig the Spritsail
104.
"
get on board,
105.
"
get
on board and
rig flying Jib-boom.
106.
" get
on board and
rig Topsail Yards.
107.
" cross Topsail Yards.
Yard.
rig,
and send
aloft
Royal
and Top-gallant Masts.
108.
'
get
rig Lower Yards.

Lower Yards.
on board, and
109.
" get aloft the
110.
" get on board the
111.
" get
112.
" rig a
113.
'^
114.
" rig a Top-gallant Studding-sail Boorti.
115.
" rig the
Boat and Fish Davits.
116.
" cut the
Lower Rigging.
on
Spanker
Boom and
Gaff.
board and rig the Top-gallant
Yards.
117.
rig a
lower Studding-sail Boom.
Topmast Studding-sail Boom.
The Topmast and
Top-gallant Rigging.
118.
"
Breast and Standing
119..
"
Cat harpin legs and Futtock Shrouds.
120.
To
121.
*'
Back
cut the Fore and Aft Stays.
cut the
Runner Pendants.
122.
Bob
123.
To cut Bowsprit Shrouds.

The Jib and flying Jib Guys.
124.
125.
"
126.
"
Stays.
Stays.
Running Rigging.
Main and Main-spring
-i
Stays.
*-
CONTENTS.
10
127.
The Mizen
Stay.
128.
"
129.
"
Jib Stay.
130.
"
Main Topmast
131.
Fore Top-gallant Stay.
Fore-topmast, and Spring Stays.
Stay.
132.
Flying Jib Stay.
133.
Main Top-gallant
134.
Mizen Top-gallant Stay.
135.
Fore Royal Stay.
136.
Main Royal Stay.
Stay.
137.
Bob
138.
Bowsprit Shrouds.
Stays.
139.
Jib Martingale Stays.
140.
Flying Jib Martingale Stays.
141.
Breast Back Stays.
142.
Standing Backstays.
TO REEVE RUNNING RIGGING.
143.
Lower
144.
To
145.
"
"
Topsail
146.
"
Reef Tackles.
147.
"
''
Top-gallant
'-'
"
Royal
148.
Lifts.
reeve duarter Lifts.

Lifts.
Lifts.
Lifts.
149.
"
"
Spritsail Lifts.
150.
^'
"
151.
''
Lower Boom Topping Lifts.

Topmast Studding-sail Boom Top-
"
ping
Lifts.
^]*^**,
CONTENTS.
162.
Spanker Boom Topping
153.
Fore Braces.
11
Lifts.
154.
"
Topsail Braces.
155.
"
Top-gallant Braces.
156.
"
Royal Braces.
157.
Main Braces.
158.
"
Topsail Braces.
159.
"
Top-gallant Braces.
160.
Royal Braces.
161.
Cross Jack Braces.
162.
Mizen Topsail Braces.
163.
"
Top-gallant Braces.
164.
"
Royal Braces.
165.
Spritsail Braces.
166.
Topmast
167.
Fore Bowline.
Studding-sail
Boom
168.
"
Top
169.
"
Top-gallant Bowline.
170.
Royal Bowline.
171.
Bowline.
Main Bowline.
Top
172.
173.
"
Top-gallant Bowline.
174.
"
Royal Bowline.
175.
Braces.
Bowline.
Mizen Top Bowline.
176.
"
Top-gallant Bowlines.
177.
"
Royal Bowlines.
178.
Fore Topmast Staysail Halliards.
179.
Jib Halliards.
12
CONTENTS.
180.
Flying Jib Halliards.
181.
Fore Topsail Halliards.
182.
Main Topsail
183.
Mizen Topsail Halliards.
184.
Fore Top-gallant Halliards.
Halliards.
185.
Main Top-gallant
186.
Mizen Top-gallant Halliards.
187.
Fore, Main, and Mizen Royal Halliards.
Halliards.
188.
Main Topmast
189.
Mizen Staysail Halliards.
190.
Gaff,
191.
192.
193.
194.
"
Staysail Halliards.
Throat Halliards.
Peak
Halliards.
Lower Studding-sail Halliards.
Topmast
Fore Topmast Staysail Downhaul.
Downhaul.
195.
Jib
196.
Flying Jib Downhaul.
197.
Topsail Downhaul.
198.
204.
Main Topmast Staysail Downhaul.

Mizen Staysail Downhaul.
Topmast Studding-sail Downhaul.
Top-gallant Studding sail Downhaul.
Royal Studding-sail Downhaul.
Main Tack.
Jib and Fore Topmast Staysail Tacks.
205.
Spanker l\ick.
206.
Topmast, Top-gallant, and Royal Studding-
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
sail
Tacks.
13
CONTENTS.
207.
208.
Main Topmast Staysail Tack.

Lower Studding-sail Outhauls.
209.
Spanker Outhaul.
210.
Fore and Main Sheets.
211.
Topsail Sheets.
212.
Top-gallant and Royal Sheets.
213.
Fore Topmast Staysail and Jib Sheets.
214.
Flying Jib Sheets.
215.
Mizen Staysail Sheet.
216.
Spanker Sheet.
217.
218.
Lower Studding-sail Sheets.

Topmast Studding-sail Sheets.
219.
Top-gallant and Royal Studding-sail Sheets.
220.
Clue Garnets.
221.
Topsail and Top-gallant Clew Lines.
222.
Royal Clew Lines.
223.
Lower
224.
Fore and Main Bunt Lines.
225.
Topsail Bunt Lines.
Studding-sail
Clew
226.
Top-gallant Bunt Lines.
227.
Leech Lines.
228.
Lines.
Leech Lines.
229.
After
230.
Spanker
'231.
Trysail Brails.
232.
Main Topmast
233.
Jib Brails.
234.
Jib
Brails.
Staysail Brails.
and Flying Jib Guys.
14
235.
CONTENTS.
Lower Boom Guys.
236.
after
Guys.
Boom Guys.
237.
Spanker
238.
Storm Staysail Gear.
239.
Staysail Jack Stays.
Downhaul
240.
Staysail
241.
Stow, Hold, and Spirit Room.
Blocks.
242.
Stow
243.
"
the Casks.
Naval
Stores.
244.
Get on board Cables.
245.
Chain Cables.
246.
Get an anchor on board.
247.
248.
Bend Cables.
Range and Stopper a
249.
Stoppers and Nippers.
250.
Trip Stopper.
251.
252.
Deck
Ring
"
253.
Bitt
''
Cable.
254.
Dog
255.
Compressor or Combing Stopper.
256.
Nippers.
257.
To
258.
"
pass Nippers.
splice Cables.
259.
Cut and pass Messenger.
260.
Dip Messenger.
261.
Get Guns on Board.
262.
Ship and Unship a Rudder.
CONTENTS.
263.
Bend
264.
265.
To
15
Sails.
Flying
Jib, Jib
and Fore Topmast Stay.
sail.
266.
carry out an Anchor.
Haul Off and Moor Ship.
"
267.
Getting in Spare Spars.
268.
Station the Crew.
269.
'
''
"
at (Quarters.
270.
"
"
"
"
271.
"
*'
'
Mooring and .Unmooring.
272.
"
"
"
Loosing and Furling.
Tacking and Veering.
273.
"
"
''
274.
"
"
276.
Mark a Lead
"
a Log
277.
Clear Hawse.
275.
"
278.
279.
Reefing.
Line.
"
Weigh an Anchor with
280.
"
281.
To
282.
"
283.
Unmoor
"
the Launch.
by the Buoy Rope.
take in a Launch.
"
in Boats, both sides at once.
Ship.
when
"
284.
"
the Messenger strands, or
is
likely to part.
"
285.
286.
To
Under Way and

stand out on a Wind.
Under Way and stand before the
leeward
get
Wind.
tide, to
get
CONTENTS.
16
287.
In getting Under
Way, back
astern to avoid
Danger.
288
289.
Getting Under
Way,
Get Under Way.
a Shoal on each Beam.
at
Anchor
in a
Narrow
Channel.
291.
Head to Wind, Cast on the Larboard Tack.

Windward tide, get Under Way and Stand
252.
To get Under Way and
290.
before the AVind.
293.
" get
Stand out on a Wind.
Under Way, head
to tide
and Wind
on Starboard Quarter.
294.
To
295.
"
get underway,
wind
"
"
296.
Back and
fill
297.
Drive before the Wind.
298.
Drive Broadside
too.
299.
Secure the Ship
for Sea.
300.
Stow Anchors
301.
Make
302.
To
303.
"
304.
"
"
305.
"
Spanker.
306.
"
Jib.
Sail
across the tide.
Flood Tide.
in a
Tideway.
for Sea.
when
getting under way.
set Top-gallant Sails, blowing fresh.
Courses, moderate weather.
blowing
fresh:
307.
A Man
308.
Lower Studding Sails.

Take in Top-gallant Sails.
309.
310.
Overboard, by the Wind.
Set
"
Top Mast Studding
Sails.
CONTENTS.
311.
Reef Top
Sails
312.
Reef Top
Sails in Stays.
313.
Part a Weather
314.
315.
Top
To
316.
Sail
IT
and Courses.
Top
Sail brace in reefing.
Yard
Parel.
take in close reefed

"
a Course.
317.
"
a Spanker.
318.
Top
Sail.
Jib.
319.
Set a close reefed Top-saiL
320.
Jib Splits.
321.
Close reefed Top-sail Splits.
322.
Course
Splits.
323.
Bend a
New
Course before the Old One
is
unbent.
324.
Secure Guns for a Gale.
325.
Breeching bolts begin to draw.
326.
A Gun
327.
328.
Send down Top-gallant Yards.

House Top-gallant Masts.
329.
On
adrift.
a Lee Shore, Jib Courses and Spanker
under Top-gallant
Sails.
330.
Tacking under double
331.
332.
To
On
333.
reefed Top-sails.
Clubhaul, Missing Stays.

a Lee Shore to reduce Sail.
Ship on Shore, what
to do.
334.
Precautions for Scudding.
335.
Broaching
336.
Brought by the Lee.
too.
18
337.
338.
CONTENTS.
To heave
To veer
too.
under close reefed Top-sails and
Stay-sails.
339.
To
341.
veer under Main-sail.
340.
Bare Poles.
Cut away a Mast.
342.
Laying
343.
Lying
344.
Fore-mast carried away.
345.
Rig a Jury-mast.
too
too,
ynder lower
a Sail
is
Stay-sails, veer Ship.
discovered ahead, and
close aboard.
346.
Main-mast carried away.
347.
Bowsprit carried away.
348.
Top-mast carried away.
349.
Jib
boom
carried away.
350.
Fore-mast and Bowsprit carried away.
451
Bowsprit sprung.
352.
Fore-mast sprung.
353.
Top-mast sprung.
354.
To send aloft a Top-mast in a heavy head sea.
355.
Gammoning
356.
Lower cap
357.
Trussle trees sprung.
358.
359.
Lower Yard carried away.

Top-sail Yard carried away.
360.
Ship Leaks.
carried away.
splits.
361.
Pumps Choked.
362.
Shot gets loose in a
Gun
in a Gale.
19
CONTENTS.
363.
Throw
364.
Turn
Lower Deck Gun
carried away.
365.
Rudder
366.
Ship on Fire.
367.
overboard.
out Reefs.
"
Beam
"
ends.
368.
Wind
369.
Struck by a squall on a Lee Shore.
free, all sail set,
"
370.
"
"
struck by a squall.
under
Top-sails,
and
Courses.
371.
372.
Part weather Main-top-sail braces.

Jib
'
373.
To
374.
"
down
haul.
chase.
"
windward.
to
375.
Observations for the Ship to windward.
376.
Chase
377.
To windward
378.
Wind on
to
Leeward.
of an
enemy Main
rigging
shot away.
the 'quarter bring
by under double
reefed Top-sails.
379.
Wind on
the quarter,
all
sail
set,
bring too
on the other tack under double reefed Topsails.
380.
Get the Anchor
381.
To Anchor head
382.
"
''-
off the
to
bows.
Wind.
on a Lee Shore.
383.
Scudding under Fore-sail
384.
To make
chor.
a Flying Moor.
to
come
to
an an-
20
CONTENTS.
385.
To Moor
386.
Blowing Fresh,
387.
with a long Scope.

in Port.
389.
Send down lower Yards.

House Top-masts.
Back a Bower by a Stream.
390.
Sweep
391.
Explanation of Sea Terms.
388.
for
an Anchor.
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
1.
Boatswain.
2.
Squaring Yards.
3.
Turning the hands up. Hints.

Inspection, morning and Evening.
4.
5.
'*
Hints.
of Stowed Anchors.
up Rigging
6.
Setting
7.
Inspection of Boats.
8.
Slacking the Jib Stay in bad weather.
9.
Clearing for Action.
at Sea.
10.
Caution in getting in the Bowsprit.
11.
Stopping out Top-gallant Yard Rope.
12.
Preventer Braces.
13.
Reeveing Running Rigging.
14.
Topsail Tyes.
15.
Blacking the Rigging.
16.
Top-gallant Mast Rope.
17*
Fore and Main Buntlines.
18.
Futtock Shrouds-.
19.
Tops and Half Tops.
CONTENTS.
20.
Striking Topmasts.
21.
Swaying up Topmasts.
22.
Unmooring.
23.
Reef Lines
21
to the Topsail.
24.
Reefing Courses.
25.
Top-gallant Mast Struck.
26.
Keeping a Clear Anchor.
27.
Anchor' Turning in the Ground.
28.
29-
To tend a Weather
A Man Overboard.
30.
Hailing Aloft.
31.
Jib Stay
32.
Proportions for Cables.
and Halyards.
"
33.
Tide.
"
Anchor.
is
necessary to form a Clinch.
34.
What
35.
To
36.
"
37.
"
keep the Hawse clean
38.
"
tend to Windward, Single Anchor.
length
splice
an old Cable
to a
new
one.
send up Top-gallant Yards.
39.
"
40.
"
41.
"
break the Sheer.
42.
strip Ship.
"
"
when moored.
Leeward.
back the Ship.
43.
Gammoning
44.
the Bowsprit.
Table, shewing the length of the
first
of Standing Rigging.
45.
46.
Continued.
Cordage Table of Feet and Fathoms.
warp
fM
22
CONTENTS.
47.
Weight of Cables,
20 Fathoms, from 3 to 24
inches.'
48.
How many
49.
Proportions
50.
Thickness of Spars.
51;
Yards.
52.
Distance for
53.
Breadth of Tops.
54.
Rule
55.
To
Fathoms make 112 pounds.

of Spars of Merchant Ships,
length of Spars.
Lower
for placing
find the
Masts:
Masts in a Ship.
Tonnage
of a ship by U. S. mea-
surement.
56.
57.
Stepping and Raking Lower Masts.

Method of an Estimate of Standing and Run-
ning Rigging required

of a 44
58.
Shroud
59.
44
60.
gun
for the outfit
Frigate.
laid Cordage.
Gun
Frigate continued.
"
continued.
Warps by pairs.
Warps by pairs.
61.
Fore Rigging
to
62.
Main Shrouds
in
63.
Mizen Rigging to be in one Warp.

44 Gun Ship continued.
Estimate of the Standing and Running Rig-
64.
65.
be in
ging required for the

Sloop of
War
of the First Class,
mounting 22 guns.
66.
outfit of
Running Rigging Shroud
laid.
CONTENTS.
67.
23
Dimensions of the Standing and Running

Rigging of a Ship of the Line of the
U. S. Navy.
68.
An
Estimate of the size and quantity of

Blocks required
to
fit
out a Ship of
the Line.
69.
Miscellaneous Articles.
70.
Anchors.
71.
Distance from the Spar
Deck of
the U. S.
Ship North Carolina.

72.
Dimensions of the Masts, Spars,
73.
74.
(fee.
ofaFirst Class Frigate.
Scale of the weights of Cables, Anchors, and
Hawsers, &c.
RECEIPTS.
75.
For Blacking ships Standing Rigging.
76.
"
"
Guns.
77.
"
"
Hammock
78.
"
making Liquid Blacking.
79.
"
Blacking Guns.
Cloths.
80.
Composition for Blacking Guns.
81.
For making Black Varnish.
82.
Composition for Blacking
No.
83.
Do. No.
1.
2.
84.
Do. No.
3;
85.
Do. No.
4.
Hammock
Cloths.
24
CONTENTS.
86.
Composition for making Black Varnish.
87.
Solder for Tin.
88.
"
''
Lead.
89.
To make
90.
For making Black
the best Drying Oil.

Stain.
IÊCOMMENDATIONS.
Examined and approved, as a very useful book

young officers and others in the navy.
John Gallagher,
for
Captain U. S. Navy.
I fully
concur in the above.
E. Peck,
Lieut. U.
have examined the within
ship,
ships,
treatise
S Navy.
on seaman-
and other miscellaneous matter appertaining
and
vessels of war, (written
Boatswain U.
sure to
S.
Navy.)
recommend
the navy,
and
the
others,
It affords
same
to the
who may
ma ^much
plea-
junior officers of
be disposed
to learn
the profession of seamanship.
W.
C,
Wetmore,
Lieut. U. S.
to
by William Brady,
Navy.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
26
Examined and approved
as a
work
that will be
useful to the service.

J.
Saunders,
D. L.
Lieut. U. S.
Matt
J.
SON,
Lieut. U. S.
Navy.
Navy.
have carefully examined the within work on sea-
manship, and think

struction of
young
it
one well calculated
for the in-
officers.
C. G.
Hunter,
Lieut. U. S. Navy.
have closely examined the within work, and
think
it
young
one
wêll
officers,
calculated for the instruction of the
and others
in the navy.
James Renshaw,
Capt. U. S. Nayyi
I fully concur in tlie above.
Francis O. Ellison,
Master U. S. Navy.
This
I conceive to be a valuable
work, and well
calculated to be useful to the service.
Joshua R. Sands,
Commander U.
S.
Navy.
KEDGE ANCHOR
We
shall first
commence with knotting a roê
yarn.
1.
To knot
To Knot a Rope Yam.
a rope yarn,
your yarns, and
you
first
take the two ends of
them open about two inches
split
make a smooth knot, you may

down a little with your knife, so as to make the
from the end, and

scrape
if to
ends lay smooth, you then crutch them together as
you
see in the plate No.
1,
you then take two opposite
ends leaving the other two vacant, taking one end

over and the other under the standing part of the
yarn, and connecting
you took them from

to see if
it
them together
at first,
will stand test,
then
at the
same
side
jam your knot taut
by stretching the yarn from
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
28
knee
to
knee, and hauling on
without drawing, you
and
if
the knot stands
To make a Fox,
2.
Take two
it,
may trim your ends, and go on.
and make them fast

them out taut, twist
them together on your knee, then rub it down smooth
with a piece of old tarred parcelling. This is called a
or three rope yarns
to a belaying pin,
fox and
is
used
for
and
stretch
many
making
purposes, such as
gaskets, mats, plats, temporary seizings, bending stud-
ding
sails, (fee.
To make a Spanish Fox,
3.
Take
a single rope yarn and
make one end
fast to
a belaying pin as before, and untwist and twist
again the contrary way, and rub
used
for small seizings,
4.
it
smooth
it
this
up
is
<fec.
To make a
Knittle.
A knittle is made of two or three rope yarns laid

up together by hand, twisting them in your finger
and thumb, and laying them up against the twist of
the yarii, they are used for
a ship, and particularly for
many purposes on board

hammock clews.
Overhanded Knot.
5.
To make
29
sailor's ASSISTANT.
YOUNG
an overhanded knot, you pass the end of
a rope over the standing part and through the bight.
6.
Take
under
the
its
end of your rope round the standing part,
own
your knot
Figure of Eight Knots.
is
part and through the lower bight, and
made.
7.
Two Half Hitches.
Pass the end of your rope round the standing
and bring
hitch,
it
up through
two of
these,
the bight, this
is
part,
one half
one above the other, and
it
is
made.
8.
First
spar, or
Reef or Square Knot.
make an overhanded knot round a
yard^ or
anything you please, then bring the end being
next to you over the
left
hand and through
and haul both ends taut and
it is
made.
the bight,
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
30
9.
Take
Bowline Knot.
the end of your rope in your right hand,
the standing part in the
left
and
hand, then lay the end
hand turn
over the end part, so
over the standing part, then with your

the bight of the standing part
left
form a cuckold's neck on the standing part, then
as to
lead your end round the standing part above,

stick
down through
it
the cuckolds neck,
and
it
and
will
appear as in the plate
10.
Take
Bowline on the Bight.
the bight of your rope in your right hand,
and the standing part
in the other,
throw a cuckolds
neck over the bight with the standing parts, then

haul enough of your bight up through the cuckolds
neck
and
to
it
go under and over
all parts,
and jam
all taut,
will appear as in the plate.
11.
Take
A Running
Bowline.
the end of your rope round the standing part
and through the bight, and make a single bowline

upon the running part, and your knot is made.
YOUNG sailor's ASSISTANT.
12.
Take
it
the
Timber Hitch.
end of your rope round a
under and over the standing
turns round
its
own
13.
With
31
part
and
part,
it is
spar,
and pass
then pass several
done.
FishermarCs Bend.
the end of a rope take two round turns round
a spar, or through the ring of a kedge anchor, then

take one half hitch around the standing part and un-
der
all
parts of your turns, then
the standing part above
standing part
hitch,
and
it
or
to
the
last
half
and tuck your end under one of the round turns

becomes a studding-sail bend.
A rolling
it is
bend
is
Rolling Bend.
something similar
to fisherman's
two round turns round a spar as you see
in the plate,
part,
and stop the end
you can dispense with the
14.
bend,
all,
one half hitch around
two half hitches around the standing
and the end stopped back.
15.
This bend
is
{See plate.)
Carrick Bend,
more used
in bending hawsers
to-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
32
gether,
more than any thing
bend you
else.
In forming
this
end of your hawser and form

by laying the end part on the top of the
a bight,
will take the
standing part, so as to form a cross, then take the
end
of
through
other hawser, and
the
tuck the end
reeve
and up and over
this bight
down through
down
it
this cross, then
the bight again
on the
opposite side, from the other end, for one end must
be on the
top,
and the other underneath
as
you
see
in the plate.
tO^
If both
end parts come out on the top
be a granney's knot.
16.
This
is
Remember
it
will
this.
Cats Paw.
generally used in the ends of lanyards, to
hook a tackle
to in setting
up rigging,
to
form
it,
you
lay the end part of your lanyard across the
first
standing part which will form a bight, then lay hold
of the bight with one hand on each side of
ing
it
down and
turning
it
it,
break-
over from you two or
three times, then clap both bights together and
on
to
both
parts.
17.
{JSee
hook
Plate.)
Sheet or BecJcet Bend,
Pass the end of your rope through the bight of
33
another rope, or through the becket of a block, then
round both parts of the bight or becket, and take the

end under
its
people put
it
own
part, as
you
see
m the plate.
Some
under twice and stop the end back
to
the standing part.
A Back
IS.
Wall,
This
is used with a lanyard in setting up rigging

hook a luff tackle to, instead of a cats paw, where
the end of your lanyard is not long enough to form
to
a paw, but a strap and toggle

to
is
preferable to both,
make a back- wall over a hook, you form
a bight
or rather a kink with the end of your lanyard, hav-
ing the end part underneath, and the standing part
on the
then stick the hook through the bight,
top,
keeping the bight well up on the beck of the hook,

as
you
see in the plate, until
Note. You can learn
it
you
set taut
better
by
your
tackle.
practice than
explanation.
19.
With
Rolling Hitch.
the end of a rope take a half hitch
round
the standing part, then take another through the
same
bight,
jambing
it
in
above the
first
the upper part of the bight, then haul
it
hitch and
taut,
and
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
34
dog your end above your
hitch,
around the standing
you may take a half hitch around the stand-
part, or
ing part, and stop your end back with a yarn.
20.
To make
Selvage Strap,
a Selvage strap you
may
get a couple
of spike nails, and drive into an old piece of plank
you can
or whatever
find convenient to
purpose, or you can take two hooks
them, and lash them

apart as the length
to
if
answer the
you can get
any convenient place
you intend
to
make your
as far
strap,
then take the end of your ball of rope yarns, and
make
it
it
fast to
one of the spikes or hooks, then take
around the other one, and keep passing round and
round, and hauling every turn taut as you pass

until
it is
as stout as
very large
if
strap,
middling
strap,
size,
marl
it
it
to be, if it is to
down with
be a
stout spurn yarn,
two single rope yarns,
if
a small
a single rope yarn.
A Puddingfor
21.
Take
splice
you wish
it,
a Mast or Yard.
a piece of rope the length you require, and
an eye in each end, then get
and worm
you want
it,
it.
then parcel
They
it
it
according
are generally
on a stretch
to
made
the shape
as
you
see
I<i
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
34
dog your end above your
hitch,
around the standing
you may take a half hitch around the stand-
part, or
ing part, and stop your end back with a yarn.
20.
To make
Selvage
Straj).
may
a Selvage strap you
get a couple
of spike nails, and drive into an old piece of plank
you can
or whatever
find convenient to
purpose, or you can take two hooks
them, and lash them

apart as the length
to
if
answer the
you can get
any convenient place
you intend
to
make your
as far
strap,
then take the end of your ball of rope yarns, and
make
it
it
fast to
one of the spikes or hooks, then take
around the other one, and keep passing round and
round, and hauling every turn taut as you pass

until
it is
as stout as
very large
if
strap,
middling
strap,
size,
marl
it
it
to be, if
it is
to
it,
be a
down with stout spurn yarn,
two single rope yarns,
if
a small
a single rope yarn.
A Puddingfor
21.
Take
splice
you wish
a Mast or Yard.
a piece of rope the length you require, and
an eye in each end, then get
and worm
you want
it,
it.
then parcel
They
are
it
it
according
generally
on a stretch
to
made
the shape
as
you
see
TCTID'EriTf t^ ,
O.l^Met-i^Mitk
351R1TX)j1:H"(B-,
MiZZ(CM)CTi?r
&
ji'r^LTJs
34
do.
pa
of
or
pu
th(
ap;
th(
m
it!
roi
un
ve]
if:
str.
spl
an(
yoi
35
in the plate, large in the middle,
and taper gradually
towards the ends, and made
flat
goes next to the mast or yard,
when you have
the size
you wish, marl
on the side that
down, beginning
it
got
middle and marling both ways, until you come

eye, if
is
it
for a
yard
it is
thick leather or green hide,
it
the
in
to the
generally covered with
if for
a mast,
it is
pointed
over for neatness.
22.
To
splice the
two ends of a rope
unlay your rope
first
Short Splice.
to
you
together,
a convenient length, then,
crutch them together as you see in the plate, then
you must lay hold of the three strands next

in
your
left
other part
or if
it is
you
to
hand, holding them solid around the

till
you
a large rope,
stick
your three upper
you may
stop
ends,
your ends with
a yarn, then take the upper or middle end, and pass

it
over the
first
strand next to
it,
and then
derneath the second strand, and haul

lay of the rope, then turn your rope a
and
stick
it
stick
it
un-
taut in the
little to
your second end as you did your
first,
you,
and
your third in the same manner, hauling them taut

along the lay, then turn your rope round, and stick
the other three ends in the same way, and
pear as in the plate.
it
will ap-
36
to serve over your ends, you
them but once, but if not you must
stick them twice and cross whip them across the
s trands, so as to make them more secure. If you in-
Note.
need not
tend
to
If
you intend
stick
serve over your ends,
you must take a few
of your underneath yarns, enough
to
fill
up
the lay
of your rope for worming, then scrape or trim your

outside ends, and marl
23.
To make
to
the
them down ready
A Long
for serving.
splice.
a long splice unlay the end of two ropes
a convenient distance, then crutch them together
same
as a short splice, then
a considerable length, and
fill
unlay one strand
up
the space
leaves, with the opposite strand next to
it,
for
which
it
then slew
your rope round, and lay hold of the two next strands
that will
come
unlay one and

cut
ojff
strands,
opposite
fill
your long
and
it
their
respective lays, then
up with the other

strands,
as before, then
square with the short
will appear as in the plate.
plete this splice,
you
in two, then take the
To
com-
will split the strands equally
two opposite half strands and
knot them together, so as to
fill
up
the vacant lay,
then you stick your ends twice under two strands
with
all six
of your half strands, leaving the other
six neutral, then stretch your splice well before
cut your ends oif and
it is
finished.
you
37
Eye
24.
Is
Splice.
made by opening
the end of a rope and laying

any distance upon the standing part
the strands at
make your eye
splice,
to the size you intend to

you then divide your strands
by putting one
sti;and
on the top and one under-
of the rope, according
neath the standing part, then take your middle
having previously opened the lay with a
strand,
marlinespike, and stick

as
you
see in the plate
the
first
and
last
it
under
respective strand
its
your next end
is
taken over
strand and under the second, and the third
end
is
taken through the third strand on the
other side.
25.
Cut a rope
intend to
in two,
make your
Cut
Splice,
and according
to the size
you
end of
splice or collar, lay the
one rope on the standing part of the other, and stick

the end through between the strands the
eye
splice,
and it will appear as
in the plate.
a collar in the bight of a rope, and

dants, jib-guys, breast-back stays,
26.
is
same
as
an
This forms
used for pen-
odd shrouds,
<fec.
Flemish Eye.
Unlay the end of a

4
rope, then
open the strands
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
38
and separate every yarn, then divide them in two

round wood, the size you
halves, then take a piece of
intend to
make your
and half knot about one
eye,
half of your inside yarns over the piece of
you
wood
see in the plate, scrape the remainder
as
down
over the others, and marl, parcel and serve, or hitch

it
with hamberline,
you choose;
if
this
makes a snug
eye for the collars of stays.
27.
Take
the
An
Artificial
Eye.
end of a rope, and unlay one strand
to
a certain distance,
and form the eye by placing the
two strands along

stopping them fast
the standing part of the rope
cross
it
to
it,
over the standing part, and lay
vacant place you took

the eye, filling
it
from
at first,
up the vacant strand
out at the crutch again, and
two strands
and
then take the odd strand and
the ends
are
lies
it
into the
work around
until
it
comes
under the other
tapered and scraped
down, marled and served over with spun yarn.
28.
Worming
To worm and
a rope
is
to
fill
serve a rope.
up the vacant space be-
tween the strands of the rope with spur; yarn,
this

is
done in order
to strengthen
it,
and
to
39
render the
surface smooth and round for parcelling.
Parcelling a rope
cut in strips
is
from two
to the size of the
wrapping old canvass round

to three inches
it,
wide according
rope, the strips of canvass to be
well tarred and rolled up in rolls before you com-
mence
to lay
it
on the rope, the service
yarn, clapped on by a
is
of spun
wooden mallet such
see in the plate, called a serving mallet,
large score cut in the under part of
it,
it
you
as
has got
so as to fay on
the rope and a round handle about a foot long, or
according to the size of the mallet
ways
laid
the service
is al-
on against the lay of the rope, a boy passes
some distance from the man

serving the rope, and passes it round as he
the ball of spun yarn at

that
is
turns the mallet,
when he
of service, the end
is
has put the required length
put through under the three or
four last turns of the service and hauled taut.
Note. It has always been customary to put paron with the lay of the rope in all cases. But
rigging that you do not intend to serve over, the
celling
parcelling ought to be put on ihe contrary way.
29.
To clap on a Throat and quarter
Splice an eye in the end of the seizing,
seizing.
and take
the other end round both parts of the rope that
you
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
40
intend to put
on
it
to,
then reeve
it
through the eye,
pass a couple of turns, and heave them hand taut,
make
then
a marline-spike hitch on the seizing.
By
taking a turn with the seizing over the marlinespike
and laying the end part over
the standing part,
down
then pushing the marlinespike
under the standing

again, hâve those
part,
them
pass the rest and heave

ner,
making
through, then
and up through the
two turns
taut,
and
bite
with the spike,
taut in the
same man-
or ten turns according to the size
6, 8,
of the rope, then push the end through the last turn,
then pass the riding turns,
one
less of the riding
5, 7,
or 9, always laying
turns, than of the
first
these ar3 not to be hove too taut, the end
pushed up through the
seizing,
are taken between the
two
round the
turn,
seizing,
and hove well
turns
is
now
and two cross turns
parts of the rope,
and
taking the end under the
last
taut,
and an overhanded knot
clapped on the end of the seizing, and cut off close

to the knot.
Note. When this is clapped on the end of a rope,

and round the standing part, it is called an end seizing, if
on the two
quarter seizing
way, hut
is
parts,
below the end, a middle or
a throat seizing
is
passed the same
not crossed with the end of the seizing.
30.
To make a TurWs head.
Turk's heads are made on
man
ropes and some-
TC
foTT
'WZi^^'-'Li^-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
40
intend to put
on
it
to,
then reeve
it
then
make a
through the eye,
them hand
taut,
marline-spike hitch on the seizing.
By
pass a couple of turns, and heave
taking a turn with the seizing over the marlinespike

aiid laying the
end part over the standing
down
then pushing the marlinespike
under the standing

again, hoave those
part,
ner,
making
and up through the
two turns
them
pass the rest and heave
part,
and
through, then
bite
with the spike,
taut,
taut in
tlie
same man-
6, 8, or ten turns according to the size
of the rope, then push the end through the last turn,
then pass the riding turns,
one
less of the riding
5, 7,
or 9, always laying
turns, than of the
first
these ar3 not to be hovê too taut, the end
pushed up through the
seizing,
are taken between the
two
round the
seizing,
turn, and hove well
turns;
is
now
and two cross turns
parts of the rope,
and
taking the end under the
last
taut,
and an overhanded knot
clapped on the end of the seizing, and cut oif close

to the knot.
Note. When this is clapped on the end of a rope,

and round the standing part, it is called an end seizing, if on the two parts, below the end, a middle or
quarter seizing a throat seizing is passed the same
;
way, but
is
not crossed with the end of the seizing.
30.
To make a Turk^s head.
Turk's heads are made on
man
ropes and some-
.'3.rajH'ir^^&
^^
l^JjATJ-: JI.
41
times on the footropes of jibbooms in the place of an
overhanded knot, as the Turk's head
is
much
neater
than the knot, and considered by some an ornament.

generally
It is
made of small white
line.
clove hitch with the line round the rope

to
make
Take a
you intend
the Turk's head on, then cross the bights on
each side of the clove hitch, and stick one end under one cross, and the other end under the other
cross,
and
it
will be
the plate, after
formed
three parts all round,
and
it
made
middle figure in
for
until
show
it
will be done.
To Sheepshank a rope
31.
It is
like the
which follow the lead
or Backstay.
shortening a backstay, the rope
doubled in three parts as you see in the
is
and a
plate,
hitch taken over each bight with the standing part
of the Backstay, and jambed taut.
32.
This
is
To
rope.
done in case of one strand of a rope
ting chafed or
good.
To put a strand in a
get-
magged, and the other two remaining
perform
this,
you take your knife and cut

it is chafed, and unlay
the strand in the place where

it
about a couple of
feet
4*
each way, then take a
42
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
strand of a rope as near the size as
lay
it
plate,
in the
and
you can
your ends the same* as a long
Unlay the end of a

and forming a
splice.
To Wall and Crown.

and with the three
rope,
strands form a wall knot, by taking the
first
strand
bight, then take the next strand,
round the end of the
it
and
vacancy of your rope as you see in the
stick
33.
bring
get,
first,
and
and the third
strand round the second, and up through the bight
of the
first,
To crown
which
this is a wall as
call the first,
first
and
34.
Is
first
you
To make a Matthew Walker.

the strands of a rope
and
bight,
and the
third
first,
and through
end take round the saine
haul your ends well taut and

;
this is a
its
second end round the rope
way, underneath and throuo^h the bights of all
plate
tak-
strand round the rope and through
bight, then take the
own
and
see in the plate.
underneath, through the bite of the

its
it
and through the bight of
will appear as
made by opening
ing the
own
it
see in the plate.
then lay the second over
the third over the second,
the
you
lay one end over the top of the knot,
this,
it
three,
will appear as in the
good lanyard knot
if
well made.
YOUNG
35.
43
sailor's ASSISTANT.
Spritsail Sheet Knot.
Unlay two ends of a rope and place the two parts

which were unlaid, together, form a bight with one
six together against the lay of
and wall the
strand,
the rope,
which
is
hawser laid, the same as you would
a single wall with three ends, after you have walled
with six ends, haul them
crown with the

plate
parts,
This
ed
to
six ends
complete
it
taut,
and
it
and then you must

will appear as in the
you must follow the lead of the
and double wall and crown

is
it
and
it is
done.
often used for a stopper knot in old fashion-
ships.
36.
A Shroud
Knot,
Unlay the ends of two ropes, placing them one

within the other, the same as you commence to
make a
short splice, then single wall the ends of one
rope round the standing part of the other, then wall

the other three ends the
same way, the ends are
opened out and tapered down and served over with
spun yarn
this
knot
is
used when a shroud
is
either
shot or carried away.
37.
French Shroud Knot.
Place the ends of two ropes as before, drawing
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
44
them
close together, then lay
own part, and
your
first
three ends
back upon
their
three ends,
round the bights of the other three and
the standing part, and

in the plate
it
single wall the other
will appear like the figure
the ends are tapered as the other, this
much snugger
knot than the
common shroud
knot.
Diamond Knot.
38. Single
Unlay the end of a rope a convenient length
make your
is
to
knot, and with the three strands form
three bights, holding the ends iast
the rope in your
left
down
the side
pf
hand, with the standing part of
the rope, then take the
first
strand over the bight of
the second strand and through the bite of the third,
then take the second over the third and through the
bight of the
first,
then the third over the
through the second.
Haul
ropes,
It is
used
for
and
these taut and lay the
ends of your strands up again and

in the plate.
first
it
will appear as
jibboom, foot ropes,
man
<fcc.
39.
To make
Double Diamond Knot.
you make a single one as before,

then take a marline spike and open your strands,
and follow the lead through two single bights, the
this,
45
he ends
ppear as
has
y as
ends, if
up
but
aen take
I
lay the
take the
iigle
rt
and
of the
rm them
gether as
r-^V^ni'iS:
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
44
them
close together, then lay
own part, and
back upon their
first
three ends
single wall the other
round the bights of the other three and
three ends,
the standing part, and

in the plate
your
it
will appear like the figure
the ends are tapered as the other, this
much snugger
38.
knot than the
Single
common shroud
is
knot.
Diamond Knot.
Unlay the end of a rope a convenient length to

make your knot, and with the three strands form
three bights, holding the ends iast
the rope in your
left
the rope, then take the

the second strand
down
the side
pf
hand, with the standing part of

first
strand over the bight of
and through the
bite of the third,
then take the second over the third and through the
bight of the
first,
then the third over the
through the second.
Haul these
ends of your strands up again and

in the plate.
ropes,
It is
used
for
taut
it
first
and
and lay the
will appear as
jibboom, foot ropes,
man
(fee.
39.
To make
Double Diamond Knot.
you make a single one as before,

then take a marline spike and open your strands,
this,
and follow the lead through two single
bights, the
lE^ri-^TIPTX^.
i'y,Aj:E /jz.
44
them
clos
back upor
three eudf
the standi
in the plal
much
sr
Unlay
make you
three high
the rope
the rope,
the second
then take
bight of
tfj
through
tl:
ends of yc
in the plat^
ropes,
To
(fee.
mak.
then take
and follow
YOUNG
ends coming out
45
sailor's ASSISTANT.
at the top
of the knot, lay the ends
of your strands up as before, and
will appear as
it
in the plate.
40.
Is
/Stopper Knot.
made by double walling and crowning
as has
been described before on an other page, the ends,

very short are whipped without being layed up
if
if
but
long they are layed up and stopped.
41.
A Buoy
Rope Knot.
Unlay the strands of a cable
laid
rope, then take
one strand out of the large ones, and then lay the
up again as before, and take the

which were left out, and single and
three large ones

three small ones
double wall them round the standing part of the

rope, then take
your spare ends, and
worm them
along the lay and stop them.
42.
Sennit
is
is
Cominon Sennit.
made by
plaiting rope yarns together as
described in the plate.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
46
43.
Is
Sea Gasket.
made by taking
to the size
three or four foxes according
you intend
them over a belaying

together, long enough
both parts together
to
make your
to
and
pin,
make your
to
Middle
gasket.
plait three
or four
eye, then clap
form your eye, then
plait
it
by
bringing the outside foxes on each side alternately

over
to the
right hand,
middle, the outside one
is
and the remainder held
the whole together, adding one fox, and
got
it
a convenient length,
dropping a fox
at
commence
through
then haul the bight

the ends
off,
44.
it
A Panch
A piece of six or nine

zontal
direction,
it,
or
it is
diminish by
finish
to
it,
you
about one inch,
all parts,
and cut
done.
wrought Mat.
thread
is
stretched in a hori-
and the foxes according
breadth you intend
and hung over
secure
and
to
bight down, then
this bight,
taut, to
and whip
its
steadily, work
when you have
To
proper intervals.
must lay one end up, leaving

plait the others
laid with the
make
to
the
the mat, are middled
then take the fox nearest th
left
hand, and twist a turn in the two parts, and one part
give to the
to
work
its
two
man
opposite (two people being
employed
the mat,) the next fox has a turn twisted in
parts,
and one part given back
to
your part-
47
ner, the
remaining
is
twisted round the
first
which
was given back, and then again round its own part,
and so on with the remainder of the foxes, until you
get it the breadth you wish, at the bottom of the mat
selvage it by taking a piece of nine thread, the same
as
you used
for the top,
the two parts of the foxes
which are twisted together
at the
bottom are divided,
and the nine thread put between them, the foxes are
hitched round
it,
and the end put through
its
own
lay with a marlingspike, then trim your ends
and thrumb
it
off',
with pieces of old strands of rope, cut
in pieces, about three or four inches long,
open the
lays of your foxes with a marlingspike,
and push
your thrumbs through the lays and open the ends

out.
45.
Harbour Gasket
or
French Sennit.
Is made with foxes, something like the way you

make a common sea gasket, in the room of taking
the outside fox over'all the rest, and bringing

the middle,
you interweave
it
between them by tak-
ing the outside fox of both sides, and taking
one and under the other, working

middle the same as
46.
common
into
it
it
it
over
towards^ the
sennit.
Pointing a rope.
Unlay the end of a rope a convenient length
for
^
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
48
pointing and stop
it,
open the strands out into yarns
and take out as many
outside yarns as
of the
you
make you knittles, by splitting your yarns and making one knittle out of every
outside yarn, then when they are made stop them
think
will require to
it
back on the standing part of the rope, then form
your
point,
with the
rest of the yarns,
and scraping them down

it
down with
to a
proper
by trimming
size,
then marl
twine, then divide your knittles, taking
every other one up, and every other one down, then
take a piece of twine
which
is
called the warp,
and
pass three turns very taut, taking a hitch with the

last
turn, every time
you pass the warp
or filling,
then take the knittles which are up, and bring them
down, and the ones which are down up, hauling
them
taut,
your lower
and passing your warp, every time over

knittles,
proceed in this
way
till
you get
almost to the end, reserving enough of your knittles

to finish
it
with, leave out every other bight of the
knittles of the last lay,
and pass the warp through
them taut and cut them off, some

have a becket worked in the end.
Note. Knittles are made by laying rope yarns tothe bight and haul
gether with your finger and

of the yarn.
seizing,
Snaking,
which
is
thumb
is for
against the twist
the better securing of a
passed round the single part of a
rope and therefore cannot be crossed.
It is
done by
taking the end part of the seizing under and over the
lower and upper turns of the seizing.
49
rope
h the
three
gand
{See
trnd a
;allant
under
le
end
ndthe
Yt.
id the
inswer
is
put
ârn or
as
you
J)ltced
G-.TI'JLeH^.
f
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
48
pointing and stop
and take out as
it,
open the strands out into yarns
many
outside yarns as you

make you knittles, by splitting your yarns and making one knittle out of every
outside yarn, then when they are made stop them
think
of the
will require to
it
back on the standing part of the rope, then form
your
point,
with the
rest of the yarns,
and scraping them down

it
down with
to a
proper
by trimming
size,
then marl
twine, then divide your knittles, taking
every other one up, and every other one down, then
take a piece of twine
which
is
called the warp,
and
pass three turns very taut, taking a hitch with the

last
turn, every time
you pass the warp
or filling,
then take the knittles which are up, and bring them
down, and the ones which are down up, hauling

them taut, and passing your warp, every time over
your lower
knittles,
proceed in this
way
till
you get
almost to the end, reserving enough of your knittles

to finish
it
with, leave out every other bight of the
and pass the warp through
knittles of the last lay,
the bight
and haul them
have a becket worked
taut
and cut them
off,
some
in the end.
made by laying rope yarns together with your finger and thumb against the twist
Note.
Knittles are
of the yarn.
seizing,
Snaking,
which
is
is for
the better securing of a
passed round the single part of a
rope and therefore cannot be crossed.
It is
done by
taking the end part of the seizing rnder and over the
lower and upper turns of the seizing.
'^]B.]TsnrT
O'n'XeH-lsLim
imiE.^
^m-
48
point]
and
ti
think
ting
outsic
back
your
and
it
dov
every
take
pass
last
then
down
them
your
almos
to fin
knittl
the
bi
have
No
gethft
of the
seizir
rope
takin
lowei
47.
A gromet is
To make a Gromet.
made by unlaying a
and placing one part over the

long end follow the lay
parts of the strand
all
till it
and with the
forms a ring with three
round, finish
sticking your ends the
strand of a rope
other,
same
it
by knotting and
as a long splice.
{See
Plate.)
48.
It is
Pass a Rose Lashing.
used in lashing a strop or pudding round a
mast or yard, or the parrel lashing of a top gallant

yard, the lashing passed cross-ways over
and under
one eye, then over and under the other, an^ the end
part, afterwards taking in
a circular fortn round the
crossing, and the end tucked under the last part.
Note. This
circular part
end in the room of cutting
it
is
done
to
expand
it
will
off so as
the
answer
again.
49.
To Weave a Sword Mat,
A piece of wood
alternately
called a
sennit, stretched over
see
in the
sword
is
used, this
is
put
between the parts of the spun yarn or

figure,)
two round iron
the
bolts (as
warp of marline
5
is
you
placed
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
60
through the parts which the sword has opened and
jambed by
it
close to the head, a piece of
put slack through the same division
is
site
end
aijd left there, the
under and over the parts
sword
is
as before,
spun yarn
at the
oppo-
taken out, passed
and each end of
warp passed and jambed taut, the piece of spun

yarn which was left at the opposite end is now lifted
the
up, and brings the parts as they were
by the sword, the warp

on
till
first
divided
passed as before, and so
you complete the mat.
50.
Is
is
shaped
Lashing
figure in the plate, having a
like the
which
score for the seizings
cut in the part that
Cleat.
fits
are snaked, and a groove
next to the shroud.
51. Blocks.
A SHELL PIN AND SHEAVE.

Blocks are of different shapes, according
purposes they are used
shell, sheave,
sheaves
sheave
it
is
and
derives
pin,
its
for.
to
the
block consists of a
and from the number of these

name, viz
a block with one
called single, with two, double,
three treble, and with four sheaves
it is
and with
called a four-
61
made
of ash and
The
fold block.
shell of a block
has one or two scores cut
is
each end according
at
a strop which goes round the block, and in

is
to
these scores are for the purpose of admitting
its size,
a hole for a pin, the shell
inside, is placed a solid
of lignum
sheave
lignum
is
iron or brass, in the centre of this
vitae,
sheave
is
buslied
that the rope
which goes over
the sheave
placed in the
it
turns, the
it
with brass or iron,
round the circumference of the sheave
is
centre
wheel called a sheave, made
a hole for a pin, on which
vitge
its
hollow, and in'the
is
may
shell,
and
is
a groove,
play with ease,

the.
pin
is
pui
through both shell and sheave, which constitutes a

block.
52.
What
is
Single Block.
termed a single block, has but one sheave,
but sometimes two scores on the outside of the shell,

if
it is
intended for a
doi-ibie strop, single
blocks are
more used than any other kind on board of a
53.
Is the
same
Is
made
Double Block.
as a single, with
54.
in the
ship.
one more sheave.
Treble Block.
same way
as a double, with one-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
52
more sheave.
Treble blocks are generally used as
and stropped in the manner you
purchase blocks,
see in the plate.
55.
A shoulder
block
excepting that
Shoulder Block,
the
is
bottom part of the
tion at the
rope which reeves through

the block and the yard
for
bumpkin
or
Is
made
as a single block,
two
like
it
shell,
to
prevent the
from jambing between
those blocks are mostly used
blocks on a lower yard.
lift
66.
other, the
same
has a kind of a shoulder or projec-
it
Fiddle Block,
single blocks one
above
upper one being the largest so as
the rope which
is
to
the
allow
rove in the upper sheaves to play
clear of the rope in the under one, those blocks are
used in places where there
is
not
room for a double

would be liable
one, or in places where a double one

to split
by not canting
57.
Is
also
made
like
fair,
or having
room
to play.
Shoe Block.
two single blocks,
but the
YOUNG
sailor's ASSISTANT.'
sheave of the upper one
lies in
of the lower one.
to that
53
a contrary direction
They
are generally used
as buntline blocks to courses, the buntline reeving in
the upper sheave, and the
58.
Has two sheave
whip
in the lower one.
Sister Block.
hol^s one above the other, a score
for a seizing
between the two sheaves and one
each end
the
for
same purpose, they are hollowed
out on each side of the shell, so as to

lay in
it,
at
let
those blocks are used as top-sail
the shroud
lift
blocks,
and seized in between the two forward shrouds of

the top-mast rigging, above the futtock stave, the
lift
reeves in the upper sheave hole, and some people
reeve the top-sail reef tackle in the lower one.
59.
It is
made with
A Monkey
Block.
a saddle to nail
the buntlines to reeve through.
upon the yard
Sometimes
it
for
has a
swivel above the saddle to permit the block to turn
round,
when
they are used as leech line blocks.
These blocks are
all
60.
Is
got out of fashion now-a-days.
A Dead
Eye.
a large round piece of wood with three holes in

5*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
54
it
you
(as
for the
see in the plate,) and a groove cut
shroud
to lie in.
It
is
used
the ends of shrouds and back-stays,
to
round
and the three
holes are used to reeve the lanyard through,

setting
up tne shroud
when
or backstay.
ABiiWsEye.
61.
Is a kind of a thick
in the centre,
it
turn in
wooden thimble with a hole
and a groove cut round the outside
for
the rope or seizing to lay in.
62.
Is
Heart.
a block of wood with a large hole in the centre,
at the
bottom of which are four or
round the outside

called a stay
hearts,
which
is
five scores,
and
a groove cut to admit a rope
there are other hearts called collar
are open at the lower ends, opposite to
which the lanyard is passed. This heart has a double

score cut round the outside, and two grooves cut on
each side for the seizings to lay in, which keeps the
collar in the scores of the heart.
63.
Is
a piece of
Belaying Pin Rack.
wood which has a number
of holes
65
through
it,
which belaying pins
in
back part are several scores

to
which
it is
for the
shroud
to lie in,
Ewphroe.
long piece of wood having a number of holes
through which the legs of the crowfoot

score
on the
seized.
64.
Is a
are stuck,
is
cut round
for the ridge of
it
to
admit of a
is
rove, a
strap, this is
used
an awning.
65.
A Horn
Cleat
Those cleats are used for different purposes, some

made to seize on to the shrouds, those are called
lashing cleats, others are made to nail on to different
are
parts of the bulwarks, they are of different shape

size,
and used
belay various ropes to in
to
all
and
parts
of the ship.
66.
Is a piece of
wood
like the letter B,
used
its
A Bee
Cleat.
scored out inside, something
and rounded
off outside, they are
for leading a rope through, or for
place,
on the masts, bow-sprit,
<fcc.
keeping
it
in
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
56
67.
Strop for a Block,
Strops are fitted in various
use they are intended
and according
for,
A common
of the block.
lowing manner, you
ways according
strop
is fitted
parcel
and serve
to the size
in the fol-
cut your rope once and a
first
half the round of the block, then get
worm
to the
as near to the
it
on a
end
stretch,
as possible,
not to interfere with splicing, then take and splice

the ends together with a short splice,
serving,
ends
off,
snug up
or
to the splice, stretch
and
finish
and cut your
it
you may serve over the ends, and
it
will
appear as in the plate.
68.
Is stropped
Tail Block,
with an eye
splice,
snug round the
and the ends

scraped down, and served over with spun yarn, you
then clap on a stout whipping about six inches from
the splice, open the ends out, twist them into foxes
block, the ends are stuck but once,
and
pleat
them together
you may open
as
for gaskets, or
and marl them down

a little towards the end
the strands out
selvagee fashion, tapering
of the
mentioned
it
tail.
Note. Those used for jiggers have a double

made in the same manner.
tail
57
e shell
and
d,
fcelled
)
as to
-^
The
e
only
rough
strops
ase to
them
to
an
le top
l\
tq
it
has
irposQ
ing
it.
on the
C^.WIiewisJ}
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
56
67,
(Strop for
a Block.
ways according to the

and according to the size
Strops are fitted in various
use they are intended

of the block.
for,
A common
lowing manner, you
first
strop
is fitted
half the round of the block, then get
worm
in the fol-
cut your rope once and a

it
on a
stretch,
parcel and serve as near to the end as possible,
not to interfere with splicing, then take and splice
and
the ends together with a short splice,

serving,
ends
off,
snug up
or
to the splice, stretch
it
finish
and cut your
you may serve over the ends, and
it
will
appear as in the plate.
68.
Is stropped
Tail Block,
with an eye
splice,
snug round the
block, the ends are stuck but once,
and the ends
scraped down, and served over with spun yarn, you
then clap on a stout whipping about six inches from

the splice, open the ends out, twist
and
pleat
them together
you may open
the strands out and marl
selvagee fashion, tapering
of the
them
into foxes
as mentioned for gaskets, or
it
little
them down
towards the end
tail.
Note. Those used
for jiggers
magie in the same nânner.
have a double
tail
MJa O COKî? S 1MAT S

,
Up-.
FTiATE
FT
56
Stro
use
Ih'
of the
lowin<
halftl
worm
not to
the
61
servin
ends
appea
Is
block
scrap
then
the
and
s]
you
selva
ofth.
Nc
ma(Je
youNG sailor's assistant.
69.
Purchase Block.
Is double strapped,
having two scores in the
for that purpose, the strap is
served,
57
wormed,
shell
and sometimes only wormed and parcelled
and spliced
Then
together.
is
it
doubled so as
is
difference
clapped on the same as any other, the only

is,
that
it
is
crossed both ways, through
These block
the double parts of the strop.
are so large and

set
them
to
The
bring the splice at the bottom of the block.

seizing
and
parcelled,
stiff,
that
it
strops
requires a purchase to
into the score of the block,
and show them
their proper place.
70.
Top Block.
bound hook
Is a single iron
eyebolt in the cap, and
pendants through,
is
block,
it
hooks
an
to
used for reeving the top
when swaying up
top-masts.
Note. They have generally got a brass sheave.
71.
The
cat block
is
Cat Block.
three fold,
and iron bound,
got a large iron hook attached
to
it,
of hooking to the ring of the anchor
Note.
It
for the
when
it
has
purpose
catting
it.
has got two small eye bolts one on the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
58
forward side of the
which
is
shell,
to
fit
a small bridle in,
called the back rope bridle, used in
hooking
the cat.
72.
Is
Snatch Block,
mostly iron bound with a swivel hook, and
an iron clasp is fitted on the strap with a hinge,

which goes over the snatch and toggles on the opposite side, as
you
see in the plate.
This
is
used for
placing the bight of a hawser or large rope in
warping the
&c.
ship,
Note. There
made on
are several difierent improvements
these blocks.
73.
These
when
A Nun
are shaped as
of a cask, which
is
you
Boy.
see in the plate, a kind
large in the middle
and small
at
both ends, and hooped close with iron hoops, and

stropped with rope well served, the strops of those
buoys, are cut nine times the length of the buoy,
which
will
make
the slings
have an eye spliced
and hoops, the
in each end, the
slings
hoops are rove
through those eyes, and then spliced together, and

fitted
on the buoy as you see in the
plate.
59
74.
It is
made
To Bend a Buoy Rope.
fast
with a clove hitch round the arms
of the anchor, close up to the crown, and the end

part
stopped along the shank, with one or two
is
stops.
Note. Some
and
are fitted with a running eye,
when they are used
way, the running eye
this
round one arm, and a hitch taken over the

seized in the cross.
In large ships they are
with pendants and
slip
buoy
have a large thimble spliced
rove
is
other,
and
fitted
ropes, the pendants

into the end,
large
enough to receive a stout hawser, in case you should

want to purchase your anchor by the buoy rope.
The
size for the slip
buoy rope
is
one third the
size
of the proper buoy rope.
75.
The
To Pudding
the ring of
ring of the anchor
is
an Anchor.
well tarred and parcel-
led with tarred canvass, then a
number of len2[ths of
old rope, are cut three times the diameter of the ring,
these are laid on the ring,
and stopped by a tempo-
rary seizing in the middle, then they are placed fair
by hand round the rings
When
all parts,
as
you
see in the plate.
a turn or two of ratting stuff
is
and a heaver being put through
taken round
it, it
is
hove
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
60
well round, which stretches

After
ring.
ings, four in
it is all
number
parts snug
round the
(as
you
seiz-
see in the plate.)
To make a JacoVs Ladder.
76.
Those
all
hove on snug put on your
ladders are used for
many
different parts
of a ship of war, they are used for stern ladders, and
booms in harbour, rigging ladders, <fec.

made in many different ways, some are
made selvagee fashion, and covered, others are made
the swinging
They
are
of four stranded rope, and have the rounds put
But
through between the strands of the rope.
most common way of making those ladders

take
some small
two long
ladder,
splice,
rope, about
straps the length
and
splice
your straps
alike, if
stuff,
you intend
to
to
and make
make
the
them together with a short long

now being made, get them on a
stretch both together,
both
two inch
the
is
and see
if
they bear a strain
not you must shorten one strap, so as
make both alike. Take a piece of chalk and mark

them off where you intend the rounds to go, about
(The rounds are pieces ol
fifteen inches apart.
to
round wood, about two inches
in diameter,
score in each end for the rope to lay
in,
with a
made
length required,) you then put your rounds
tween both parts of the rope, exactly
at the
in,
the
be-
chalk
61
mark, having got them

seize
them
line
on
in
eacli
all
placed,
by putting on a snug seizing of mar-
you may
side of the round,
leather, or serve in the nips, just as
77.
Are broad
flat
is
parcel,
like.
iron hooks in the eye of
What
is
which there
called a pair of
can
a piece of rope four or five feet long, or
long enough
when
you
Can Hooks.
is a thimble inserted.
hooks,
commence and
fitted
end of this
to
span a cask from chime to chime,
one of those hooks are spliced into each
rope,
it
is
parcelled and served,
then got on a stretch, wormed,
some people
seize a thimble in
the bight.
Note. Some
are fitted with chain, with a large
iron ring in the middle.
78.
Is a piece of rope
{See Plate.)
Hogshead Slings.
about five fathoms long and from
five to six inches in circumference,
ble spliced in
with a large thim-
one end, and the other end well whip-
ped, those are used to shng large casks, being
secure than can hooks, to sling a cask with.

slings,
you take and reeve

6
it
through
more
Thoê
the thim-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
62
around one end of the cask, hauling
ble
taut,
it
well
then take the end part of the slings, round the
other end of the cask; and take two half hitches
round the standing
part,
and
it is
Barrel Slings.
79.
Are used the same as a long

short splice,
barrel,
are
at
done.
strap, spliced
and made long enough
to
go round a
and reeve one bight through the
made long enough
to sling
with a
other,
two or three
some
barrels
a time.
Note. They
are generally
made of
three inch
rope.
80.
single
chase that
whip
is
is
Single Whip.
the smallest and most simple pur-
rove.
It is
through a single block, as
81. ii
Gun
made by reeving a rope

you
see in the plate.
Tackle Purchase.
made by reeveing a rope through a single block,

then through another single block, then make the end
Is
63
fast to the
one you
in to the
bottom of the block for neatness.
first
rove
it
through, or splice
it
{See
Plate.)
82.
Luff Tackle Purchase.
Consists of a double and single block, the
fall is
rove through one of the sheave holes of the double

block, then through the single one, through the double one again,
and the end makes
fast to the single
one, with a becket bend, to a becket in the bottom of
the block.
(JSee Plate.)
83.
Is
Top Burton.
rove in the same manner as a luff tackle pur-
chase, the only difference
the burton
one.
is
is
that the upper block of
a fiddle block, and the luff a double
(See Plate.)
84.
Whip and Runner,
If a rope be rove through a single block,
ed a whip as before mentioned, and
whip be
it
spliced
if
the
it is
fall
round the blocks of another
call-
of this
"whip,
becomes whip on whip, or whip and runner. (See
Plate.)
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
64
A Runner and
85.
Is the
same purchase
runner, which
block, with a
Tackle,
as a luff tackle applied to a
a large rope rove through a single
is
hook splicea in one end.
86.
(>S'ee
Plate.)
Twofold Purchase.
Consists of two double blocks, the
fall is first
rove
through one sheave of the upper block, then through
one of the lower one, then through the upper one

again, then through the lower one,
end
fast to the
87.
and make your
upper block.
Threefold Purchase,
three fold purchase
is
rove in this way, the
blocks having one more sheave, only that you com-
mence
to reeve
your
the middle sheave
in
fall
instead of one of the side ones

in the
fall,
the reason of
that the heaviest strain
and
if it
was rove
tendency
to
it
being rove this
comes
in the side
which brings a
on the
first
sheave
it
the middle sheave
and cut the

it
draws
all
fall,
but
down
cross
way
is
fall part,
would have a
cant the block in the strop, and
shell of the block
first,
split the
when
it is
square alike.
in
I.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
ft4
A Runner and
85.
Is the
same purchase
runner, which
block, with a
Tackle.
as a luff tackle applied to a
a large rope rove through a single
is
hook spliced in one end. {See Plate.)
86.
A Twofold
Purchase.
Consists of two double blocks, the
fall is first
rove
through one sheave of the upper block, then through
one of the lower one, then through the upper one

again, then through the lower one,
end
fast to the
87.
and make your
upper block.
Threefold Purchase.
three fold purchase
rove in this way, the
is
blocks having one more sheave, only that you com-
mence
to reeve
your
in
full
the middle sheave
instead of one of the side ones

in the
fall,
the reason of
that the heaviest strain
and
if it
tendency
was rove
to
it
comes
in the side
which brings a
being rove this
on the
first
sheave
it
the middle sheave
and cut the

it
draws
all
fall,
but
down
cross
way
is
fall part,
would have a
cant the block in the strop, and
shell of the block
first,
split the
when
it is
square alike.
in
J'JjATE
G. [^^JjeH'U'I'ifh-.
vt.
64
Is the
runner,
block,
Con^
through
one of
again,
end
fa
A
block:
menc
instcc
in th<
that
and
tend(
shell
ther
J.

88.
The names
Names
65
of Ropes,
of the different kinds of rope, are de-
signated as follows, hawser laid and cabled laid rope

is all
same
the
thing,
composed of nine strands,
it is
each strand having an equal number of yarns. These

nine strands are laid into three, by twisting three
small ones into one large one, then the three large
are laid up,
or twisted together left handed,
makes the nine strands
A common or
plain rope
this is a
is
which
hauser laid rope.
composed of three strands
number of yarns twisted together. Shroud

laid rope is made in the same way, only that it consists of four strands in the room of three, and a smaL
strand which runs through the middle, which is
termed the heart of the rope, when plain laid rope,
is laid up left handed, it is called back laid rope
of an equal
there
used
four stranded hawser laid rope
is
which
is
for stays, ifcc.
89.
Take
Rig
Ship,
To get
sheers on board.
in a sufficiency of ballast to steady the ship,
shore the decks from the skin up, and particularly

abreast of the partners.
Sling skids up and
down
the sides, and reeve the parbuckles, bring the sheer

legs alongside, with their small ends
aft,
and par-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
66
buckle them on board, raise one leg over the capstern,
and lay the heads on the
taffrail.
Parbuckle the shoes on board, and place them

under the heels. Square the heels, placing them
nearly amidships, cross the heads and clap on the
head lashing of
new
fashion) similar
well stretched rope {figure
to a throat seizing,
ofS
and dog down
Lash on the main purchase block, so that

hang plumb under the cross. Middle a couple
of hawsers, and clove hitch them over the sheer
heads, having two ends leading forward, and two
the ends.
it
will
bow
leading abaft, through viol blocks toggled to the
and
stern ports,
and stout
luffs
clapped on them.
Lash the small purchase block on the

the sheers, so high up, that the falls
after fork
may
of each other, and a girlline block above
hawsers
belly guys,
and a
(belly tackles
Take
play clear
all.
each sheer leg about one third
to
may
cleat,
as
of
Lash
down
for
an additional security
be used.)
the lower purchase blocks
forward, lash
them securely and reeve the purchases (with the fall

part through the middle sheave first) and reeve girtlines.
Lash
the heels temporally to the shoes and spread
them, thus tautening the head lashing.
ward and
after heel
bouse the sheers as
Hook
tackles,
much
hook them
Have
for-
all aft
and
over the stern as possible.
athwart-ship tackle to the heels, and bouse
well taut.
To
it
relieve the water ways, pass a bul-
YOUNG
67
sailor's ASSISTANT.
lashing round the heels to assist the heel
wark
Lead
tackles.
the purchase falls to the
capstern,
take in the slack of the forward guys, have hands

to attend the after one.
Note. Skids which
are slung
up and down the
purpose cf keeping the sheer legs
sides, are for the
clear of the channels,
and from thence
to the
plank
shear.
Mats should be placed over the quarter gallerys

to prevent injuring.
which
The
parbuckles are hawsers
are middled, the ends of which, are taken
through two ports which are
from outside
legs,
in,
down
five or six ports apart,
over the
rail,
under the sheer
up again through snatch blocks in the opposite

luffs clapped on them. The counter
water-way, and
parbuckles are used to ease the sheer legs

deck, and are rove through the
gun deck
down on
ports,
mats
should be in wake of the chafe, where the parbuckle

or up through the gun deck ports.
made of either stout oak plank or
beam timbers of pine, and long enough to extend
over at least three beams, with a saucer in them for
leads over the
The
rail,
shoes are
the heels to rest in,

to
lash the heels
and mortices or
to,
bolts in
each end
(be particular in shoring the
decks, under the shoes.) In spreading the heels, care
should be taken that the extent between them does

not exceed the breadth of beam, abreast ot the mizen
partners.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
68
90.
Man
To Raise
the Sheers.
the capstern, heave round steadily and bouse
upon the guy
tackles at the
perpendicular,
When
time.
heaving, getting
avast
upon the forward and
same
the
tackles, forward,
strain
guy
after guys, secure the
hook the forward heel
nearly
falls,
and haul
it
well taut and lash the heels securely to the shoes,
come up purchase and bulwark
lashings,
decks in the wake of the shoes,
let
hand
wet the
attend the
forward heel tackle, to slack as they haul
aft,
and
transport the shears to just forward of the mizen

partners,
where make
over a beam
plumb with
91.
Tow
all fast.
if possible,
The
heels should be
and the heads should be
the partners.
To take
in the
Mizen Mast.
the mizen mast alongside with the head
and the garland lashed on
to the
aft,
forward part of the
mast, the distance from the tennon to just above the

spar deck partners, lash a pair of girtline blocks on
the mast head, and reeve the girtlines, bend the sheer
head
girtline to the
mast below the bibbs
Overhaul the main purchase down
to cant
strop through the eyes of the garland
toggle
secure the toggle by a back lashing, take the

the capstern, and heave around,
it.
abaft, thrust the
when
it
and
fall to
the heel rises
69
near the
rail,
hook on a heel tackle
to ease
bouse upon the girtline and get the mast

ering,
it
in aboard,
fair for
attending, white lead the step and tennon, lower
and
low-
wipe dry the tennon, have carpenters below
step the mast, pass a couple of strops
away
around the
mast, hook the double block of the pendant tackles
them, the single ones to the sides and haul tauti

wedge the mast temporarily, come up purchases, man
guy and heel tackles, wet the decks and transport
the sheers forward for taking in the main mast, observing to come up athwartship tackles in the wake of
to
all
obstructions, take the mast-head girtline forward
to steady the mast.
Note. Garlands are made of new
stretched rope,
salvagee fashion, well marled together, then parcelled.
They
are then laid on the forward part of a mast,
and a stout lashing
clapt on over
tween the garland and mast.

mizen mast
beam
is
is less aft
got in
first,
as they
was taken
The
and crossed bereason
why
the
because the breadth of
than forward, and consequently the
head lashing becomes
more
is
all,
tauter, the heels
go forward, moreover
in last,
if
being spread
the mizen
the bowsprit must be got in
mast
first,
thus the opportunity of securing the sheers to the

foremast head, would be
92.
To take
in
lost.
Main and Foremast.
Proceed as in getting in the mizen mast, with the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
70
exception of using the sma]l purchase, the garland

for
being lashed about the diameter of the mast
it
above the main one.
Note.
taking in either of
If in
tlie
masts, the
sheers should be found rather short, the difficulty
may
be remedied by
manning
a few inches are required,
Some
distance
may
guy
falls
to the deck, if
only
the forward
and making them perpendicular

tliis
may
be sufficient.
by using no gar-
also be saved
land, and let the purchase block be lashed to the
mast.
ty,
If in lowering, there should
still
be a difficul-
chocks might be placed on the kelson until the
tennon rested on them, then steady the mast by the

small purchase and sheer head girtlines, while the
main purchase
up
is
unlashed, and lashed again higher
the mast, sufficient to step
top gallant forecastle,
it
mast forward of the sheer

forecastle
it.
If the ship has a
would be well
legs, for the
to step the
brake of the
comes abreast of the partners, and in a case
of that kind
would be well
it
to take in the
foremast
first.
93.
To
take in the Bowsprit.
Transport the sheers as

as the
bows
far
forward as possible, or
will permit, send a
hand
to the
sheer
head, bend on the girtlines to the small purchase
YOUNG SAILOR^S ASSISTANT.

block and light
up and uulash
it
and lash
it,
it
again
forward fork of the sheers, pass a strop around
to the
and hook a large tackle
the foremast head,
carry
71
aft
and
it
it
which
well taut, lash a couple of large
set
middle a hawser
single blocks to the foremast head,
and clove hitch
to
over the sheer head, take the ends
through the blocks
mast head well
at the
aft,
and
take a turn, hook the after heel tackles forward, and

take
the
after
around each
guys
the main purchase
moning
aft,
pass a bulwark lashing
bows that
over the gam-
heel, rake the sheers over the
scuttle,
may hang
and make
all
directly
Overhaul down
fast.
the purchases and toggle them, the bowsprit being
brought under the bows with the head forward, and

garlands lashed on, the main one a
little
more than
one third from the heel, the smaller one, between the
cap and bees, having guys leading from the bowsprit
to the cat heads,
heel to
and a couple of
hook the bedding
attending
it
tackle
strops,
by the guys aud get
around the
"Sway away"
to.
it
nearly perpen-
when hook bedding tackles, taken from the

on main deck, up through the partners, wipe
dicular,
bitts
the tennon
dry,
whitelead both
"Lower away" bouse upon

bring
it
into its place,
it
and mortice,
the bedding tackles, and
come up purchases, guys, un-
lash garlands and proceed to dismantle the sheers.

If your ship hasâ top gallant forecastle,
you cannot
take in your bowsprit with the sheers, on account
of the brake of the forecastle.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
72
Note. In rigging a stage under the bowsprit,

use of two small spars, such as top gallant
make
studding
head
booms, with their heels resting on the
sail
rail,
and
their
heads lashed together and slung
from the Bowsprit end, and boards
The gammoning
from another.
water
stretched rope, generally
if
handy, and haul
bowsprit,
it
new
of
laid.
best to get a caulkers stage or a
bows
laid across,
is
It
one
well
would be
camel under your
lengthways under your
and overhaul a stout tackle and hook on
to the other
end of your
stage,
Send the men on the stage and
and haul well

set
taut.
up the gammon-
ing.*
To
94.
Ris"
"a the Foremast,
White lead the mast head
down
in the
wake of
the
the girtlines bend on the
trussel trees,
overhaul
trussel trees,
and sway them on board, take out the
after chock, wipe them dry, bend the girtlines to the
forward
part,
part,
bend
and stop the
the
main
girtlines
girtline
the after
to
to the
after
also,
and sway away having a steadying
ward
to
keep the trussel
the bibbs for
if
trees
from catching under
they are heavy, one
bear them off from under the bibbs,

bibbs send a
* See
hand
man aloft cannot

when above the
aloft to slip the stops one, at
gammoning the
part
line for-
a time
bowsprit, in miscellaneous articles.
73
Lower away, bouse
so as they won't go with a surge.

aft
on the
after girtlines,
their places,
it,
tar the
trussel trees in
chock, ship and bolt
aloft the after
mast head in the wake of the rigging, over-
down
haul
send
and get the
the girtlines for the bolsters,
sway
tarred and parcelled,
aloft
which are
and stop them, lash
the girtline blocks to the after part of the trussel
and have hand
trees,
man
aloft to
and
stirrups for the
Take pen-
stand in at the mast head.
dant tackles forward
overhaul
girtlines
down
to
steady the mast for rigging,
the girtlines, send aloft the lower
pendants which have got a long and short leg
fitted
together with spans so as to form a square, the size
of the mast head, the long leg

in case the fore stay
is
is
placed abaft, so that
shot away, the pendant tackle
way
can be hooked in them without being in the
of
the fore yard in bracing, while the leg being abaft
the mast affords

is
them good
got on board on
its
The
security.
respective sides,
opened out and bent in the proper
and
way
over, measure the length of the mast head,
eye seizing of the
first
rack them together.
rigging
its
for
below the
pair of starboard shrouds
Turn
eyes
going
and
a toggle in one end of
the girdines, let the other be bent so as to act as a
down haul, and
thrust the toggle between the legs of
the shroud, stop the girtlines to the eye seizing and^

to the
stop
middle of the eye, sway
comes
to the block, cut
it
aloft
and when the
and bend on the hand
n
girtline,
sway higher and
man
the mast head,
at
away and
beat
it
well
cut the other stop,
the
let
bear the eyes over, lower
down
with a commander, ob-
serving to have the eye seizing
come
as near the
centre of the mast head as possible, and get over the
larboard pair in the
same way, turn
in the dead-eyes
with the lay. reeve lanyards and set up both pair of
shrouds
mast
at the
ter the
same
time, taking care to give the
proper stay, and get over
its
same manner, and
forward pairs were, and

head.
set
all
the shrouds
them up
shift the girtline to the
Overhaul down the
mast, bend on to the forestay,
girtlines
sway
af-
two
as the
mast
forward of the
aloft,
bear the legs
on opposite sides of mast head, and lash them together

above the eyes of the rigging, turn in the heart with
the lay of the rope, reeve the laniards
and
set
it
on the bight
up, next get aloft the spring stay in the
same manner.
Note. The
trusseltrees,
knocking out the
might be got over without
after chocks,
by ri^ning up a
rick abaft the mast, well lashed abaft
having chocks placed between

ficient to
it
der-
below the bibbs,
and the mast,
admit of the free passage of the
after
suf-
chock
of the trusseltrees, they are sometimes got on, before

getting in the mast, but they then bring an additional
and unnecessary weight upon the mast head, and

moreover in lowering, catch over the shear head.
YOUNG
95.
sailor's assistant;
76
To Rig Main and Mizen Mast.
Proceed in the same manner as directed

mast, the main mast of a frigate has one
for fore
more
pair
of shrouds, and the mizen three less than the fore,

there
only one pair of mizen pendants, which go
is
either with a cut splice or with the
Note. The
rigging
odd shrouds.
stays are lashed above the eyes of the
at first, so as to
them a
give
about the mast head, and shifted
To Get
96.
Overhaul the
Tops
the
close
down
fit
down
afterwards.
over.
girtlines for the cross trees,
white
lead the scores in the trusseltrees, and ship them,
fit
a pair of span blocks over the mast head, through
them reeve
stout girtlines, overhaul
the
alongside and bend
riofgiiig
and hitch them
main
girtline
to the
to
the
away" and ease them

properly, by taking
the
top
abaft
to the top
pigeon holes and bend the
after
rim of the
in board,
now
them under
up through the
them down
them on
top.
"Sway
pass the girtlines
the forward part of
girtline holes,
around the
wing of the top and hitch them to their own parts,

stop them to the pigeon hole and bend the main
girtlines to
the after part of the fore top.
away," guying
girtlines,
it
clear of trusseltrees
and bend a tripping
line to
"Sway
by the main
the pigeon hole.
KEDQE ANCHOR, OR
76
leading from the bowsprit end
sHp the
stops, cant
handsomely, ship
is
guyed
clear
by a tripping
top has
it
when high enough
over by the tripping

foir
and toggle
by the mizen
line
it.
girtlines,
lower
line,
The main
and
is
top
canted
from the foremast head, the mizen
guys from the
taffrail
and a tripping
line
from the main mast head.
Note. In
cold weather,
it
would be
best to get the
top over before rigging, the mast, in order to give the
inen more security, and then a derrick rigged on the

top would be the best
in a
heavy
To
97.
way
to
get the rigging over
ship.
swifter
m the Lower Rigging.
Lash capstern bars to the rigging three fourths up,

having parcelling in the wake, and clap a tail block
around each shroud and the
bars,
middle the swifter
and reeve the ends through the middle

each
side,
blocks,
on
then through the others alternately, one
leading forward, the other
aft,
and
taking
them
through leading blocks in the opposite water ways.
Measure one
lay
it
off
third of the
breadth of the
top,
and
on the forward shroud on each side from
the upper part of the trusseltrees down, and then

seize
on the futtock
leathered.
staffs
which are of
iron,
and well
Seize on a catharpin leg on each side,
77
and swifter the rigging

meet the opposite
send
swifter,
and
after
down
and reeve fancy

ou
seize
until the eye of the other
end
come up
the
then seize
the bars
and
all
collar
set
up
lines.
and
on,
blocks, (the forward
shronds are not swiftered
hook and
plates,
side,
in,)
ship fnttock
futtock shrouds, ship toprail
Above
tlie
eye for the main topmast
bull's
The
spring stay to reeve through.
main and mizen topmast
fore catharpin legs,
collars for the
stays are above the eyes of
the fore and main rigging.
98.
Unhook
To
set
up Loioer Rigging.
the pendant tackles from the strops below
them
the bibbs of the mast, and hook
to the
runner
pendants; clap selvages on the rigging, having old

canvass in the wake, and hook the single blocks of
the
to
luflTs
double
them, catspaw or toggle the lanyard
blocks, overhaul
the
to
the
pendant tackles and
black wall the ends of the luff tackles to the lower

blocks.
the
Set up the rigging for a
same precautions
The end
as vvlien
of the lanyard
is
it
full
due, observing
was
first
set up.
backed around one part of
the shroud, above the dead eye,
jammed
well taut,
with the pendant tackles, then expended round both

parts
and stopped
to the
shrouds.
Now seize
on the
shear poles, cap and square the ends and seizings,
and come up the lower
stays, settle the eyes
down
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
78
over the eyes of the rigging, and
set
them up
in the
same manner as the shrouds, except reeving the

yard upon the bight.
The mast
lan-
rattle the rigging.
may
be permanently
In setting up the rigging
at first, the lan-
being stayed, they
wedged and
Note.
Spar and
coated.
yards are only rove double and well greased
the
knot of the lanyard should be inside on the end part

of the shroud, the dead eyes are at
with the shroud.
turned in
first
In setting up for a
full
due, turn
in the dead eye properly, and reeve the lanyards full.
The reason
mast
fid
and
99.
down
over
them of the
top-
for setting the eyes of the stays
the eyes of the rigging,
is to
clear
foot of the topsail.
To get on hoard
the
Topmast.
Overhaul the girtline and send up lower cap shores,

top blocks and
which
fids,
together with a large single block,
lash over the eyes of the rigging, with a lash-
ing long enough to allow (or you can lash
mast head high, which
is
it
half
the best way,) the block to
Throuo:h
hang: abreast the bibbs of the mast.
block reeve a large hawser, leading the end
this
down
forward of the rigging, through the upper sheave

hole in the heel of the topmast, and clove hitch
round the mast head and the other

parts together in several places,
part,
man
it
rack both
the other end
79
and sway away

to ease
when hi^h enough, bend on
in board, place the
it
round hole
cap over the square hole in the

the topmast through
it.
point, lower the heel
mast, and then point
When
If the topmast
down
in the
trusseltrees,
is
a rope
lower
and point
too long to
the scuttle forward the
it.
the head passes through the round hole in
the cap, pass a lashing from the bolts on one side

across the mast head to the bolts
on the other
side,
take a couple of stout strops through the fid hole,
hook the pendant
Come up
taut.
tackles
on
to
them, and haul them
the hawser and
sheave hole, get a hawser in the
slew rope
to
it,
fid
it
from the
hole and have a
whitelead the masthead, also the ends
of the shore and

fair,
un reeve
sway up
when high enough, slew

it, beat it down
in its
ship the cap and shore
place, tack
to protect
a sheet of lead over the lower mast head
it
from the weather, hook the top blocks,
round up, reeve and hitch the top pendants and hook
sway the mast up a few feet above

come up the pendant tackles, take the
the top tackles,

the lower cap,
heaver and strops out of the
100.
To rig
fid
the
hole of the topmast.
Topmast,
Pit the span blocks over the mast head, reeve the
girtlines
trees,
and overhaul them down abaft
for the cross-
bend on and sway them in board, place them
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
80
abaft their respective masts, with the forward part
uppermost
stop
deck
them
bend the
to clear
away,"
rest
girtlines to the afterpart,
forward
to the
them of the
part,
and
having a guy from the
tops as tliey go aloft,
"sway
them on the lower cap abaft the topmast,
passing stout lashings through the quarter bolts in

the cap and around the afterhorns of the crosstrees,
and take
cast off the girtlines
off the
span
blocl^s,
whitelead the masthead, in the wake of the crosstrees,
away
the mast, and as
it goes down, bear over

sway again and beat them
down in their places tar the masthead in the wake
of the rigging, send aloft and stop the bolsters, get
girtlines on the horns of the crosstrees, sway aloft,
place the ginn span, and hook the ginns which mouse.
Get over the burton pendants, hook the top burtons
and set them taut to a strop passed around oneof th
lower
the round hole in the cap,

;
topmast dead eyes, hitch a small hawser, or a stout

rope around the hounds of the topmast, which set
taut forward.
Man
fid the topmasts.
the top tackles,
Now
rig the
sway
aloft,
and
mast head by getting
over the starboard and larboard shrouds alternately,

breast back stays, standing back stays, fore
and
jib stays, turn in the
and
aft
dead eyes, reeve the lan-
up the rigging the same as the lower

rigging was, reeve and set up the stays also, in the
yards, and set
same way, stay the mast by the
now
fit
fore
and
aft stays
over the lower mast head slings for the lower
81
yards,
and the
slings,
fire
which are
over the
fitted
collars.
The
Note.
topmasts are fidded before rigging,
avoid the greater strain upon the top tackles.
to
If
a topmast has only one sheave (like a mizen topmast,)

it is
a good precaution to reeve a hawser through the
fid hole,
it
only
As
on
haul
when
it
taut as the mast goes aloft,
the mast
high enough
is
un reeving
for
Adding.
the lee breast back stays bear play, they are put
before the standing ones, so that the latter ones
may
may
either
have
through those of the standing

above the masthead
first.
The
their
topmast
dipped
mizen topmast spring
101.
rigging
left at
There
is
no
stay.
2o get onboard and rig
Hoist the
they may go
may be set up
stays, or
with burtons or a Spanish windlass.
was
The
collars
keep them steady in their places.
spring stay
the Jibhoom.
boom on board by the hawser which

when getting on board
the fore mast head,
the fore topmast, run the end out on the bowsprit,
pointing
it
through the stay collars and bowsprit cap,
reeve the heel rope and
yond the
cap, put
on the
through the hanks,
sway out a
foot or
two
be-
traveller, reeve the jib stay
through
the
traveller,
then
through the inner sheave hole in the boom end, and

turn in a double block in the inner end; reeve the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
82
lanyard through this and a single block bolted to the
bows, to the traveller seize the
and travelling guys,
which
over, to
blocks.
tar tlie
put a
grummet
seize the fore top gallant
Next the foot
ropes,
which
and
cap, next the standing guys,

tingale block.
downhaul blocks
jib,
boom end,
Ship the wytlie
set
up
bowline
to bowsprit
lastly the jib
mar-
for the flying jibboora,
get gobb ropes on the dolphin striker, reeve the jib
man
martingale,
the heel rope and run out, pass the
heel lashing, set
Do
the martingale and jib stays.
To Swifter
102.
tock
up
in
this similar to the
staffs
lower ringing, seize the
and calharpin
of the rigging, set
it
Top Mast Rigging.
up
legs,
fut-
square the dead eyes
for a full due,
seize
on the
sheer poles, cap and square the end seizings, spar
and
rattle
it
down.
Note. The fnttock

of the rigging,
gallant rigging,
to
staffs are seized
on the inside
counteract the effect of the top
which
leads over them.
The
cathar-
pins go around the topmast, both ends setting up on

the
same
side.
103.
Sway
it
To rig
the Sprit sail
on board by the hawser
head, and get
it
fore
and
aft
Yard.
at the fore
mas
on the larboard side of
83
arm
the forecastle, with the starboard yard
forward,
middle the yard, parcel and leather the slinks,

tye, seize
on the parrel
sheets, jib
and flying
on the
grummet and
tne flying jib
jib guys, tar the
yard arms, put
which reeve through
foot ropts,
stirrups nailed on the yard at equal distances,
up
the
fit
for
straps
and
set
the opposite quarters of the yard, seize on
to
blocks for the forward lower
boom guys,
brace "blocks and
the
lifts,
bending on ropes ends
reeve
if
lifts
and braces,
they are not of sufficient
under the bow-
length, the starboard one being taken

sprit clear of
spritsail
every thing, clap a block on the fore
top mast spring stay, reeve a hawser for a yard rope,
bend
it
to the slings
of the yard, and stop
it
out to
the yard arm, hook a tackle to the bowsprit end, and

to the
slings to assist in getting
sway
out,
and braces,
slip
out,
it
take through the slack of the
lifts
the stops and get the yard in
proper place, steady
its
it,
hook the
it,
unreeve the hawser, get the block off the spring
stay
tye, pass
the parrel lashing, and square
and tackle from the bowsprit end, reeve the
guys through
their thimbles
on the
spritsail
jib
yard,
turn in dead eyes or cleats, and set them up to others
on the bows.
104.
To Get on board Rig and Send

Gallant and Royal Masts.
Overhaul the
girtlines,
send
aloft
aloft
Top
topmast
cap,
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
84
and shore together with a small spar
to ship the
cap
with, place the round hole of the cap over the square
of the cross
get the girtline on the heel of the
trees,
small spar, point
it
through the cap and lash them
together, white lead the t'^nnor of the mast
ends of the shore, sway

then beat the former
aloft,
down
gallant top blocks, round
and the
ship the cap and shore,
hook the top

up and reeve the top galin its place,
lant mast rope, the top gallant rigging
is fitted
on a
sheet iron cylinder attached to the jack cross trees
(by an order from the
Navy Commissioners)
ed and painted on the

side,
inside,
leather-
and tarred on the out-
put on the grummets and strops for the main
royal stay to reeve through, then put on the top gallant
and flying
jib
stays,
starboard and larboard
shrouds, breast and standing back stays, and secure
them over the top of the cylinder, overhaul the girtbend them on the rigging, around all parts
lines,
about the length of the mast head below the Jack,
and a good
aloft,
stout stop through the cylinder,
cut the stop
when high enough and
sway
place
it
over the topmast cap, having the hole in the cylinder

directly over the
there, cast off
round hole
in the cap,
and unreeve the
girtlines,
and lash
it
and reeve
the top gallant shrouds through the holes in the cor-
ners of the cross trees, over the topmast futtock

"staffs,
down
in the top,
and reeve the lanyards.
where turn
The
in the dead eyes
royal rigging
is
rove
85
through the jacks, over the top gallant futtock staves,
down
in topmast crosstress,
ships the royal rigging

jacks,
down
into the
tackle purchase,
where turned
comes
top,
same
the
and
in (in
straight
set
some
from the
up with a gun
as a breast back stay)
thimbles are spliced in and lanyards. Overhaul the
mast rope down through the trusseltrees of the top-
and reeve
it
lant mast, hitch
it
mast,
through the
to its
fid hole
own
part
in the top gal-
and stop
it
along
the top gallant and royal pole, at different distances

" sway," ease
point
it
fair
the rigging.
it
in board,
clear as
it
goes
aloft,
foot or two above

White lead the royal mast head, send
it,
attach the conductor
down
in
the eyes as before,
reeve the signal halyards and
"
sway
its
place,
now
light
higher," get the royal

also
up
painting above
the rigging and'fid
up the
top gallant rigging in
and the royal rigging
in the cross trees or
the top gallant mast, set

the top
it
and sway the head a
aloft the truck, ship
rigging
guy
the top, steadying the mast by the fore and aft stays
and back
stays, tack a sheet of lead over the
topmast
head, to keep the weather out.
105.
To Get on hoard and Rig
the
Flying
Jib-
boom.
it
To get on board and rig the flying jibboom. Swfay

on board and get it on the larboard side of the
8
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
86
forecastle, clap
down
to the
on a
block on the jib stay, close
tail
boom and through
it
reeve a heel rope
which take through the sheave hole

the flying jibboom, out again
rack both parts together, and

heel, to serve as a
it
with
slip ropes,
and hitch
make a
two.
to its end,
point the end through the withe,
the end, put
to
the jibboom
boom out a foot or

on a grummet and foot ropes,
Cut the stop and
Tar
it
rope fast to the
guy, sway out the boom, assisting
and hitch the end of the heel rope

end.
in the heel of
rig the
guys and martingale, reeve the martingale, flying

jib
and royal
stays,
man
the heel
rope, rig out the
boom, pass the heel and belly lashings,
set
up
the
martingale, then stay the fore top gallant and royal
mast, fore and
aft,
by the
stays
and back
stays,
reeve the flying jib guys, turn in thimbles and set
them up.
106.
To Get on hoard and Rig
Send
aloft
the Topsail Yards,
and lash a large single block
to the
topmast head, round up and reeve a hawser through

it,
overhaul
the yard,
it
down
and stop
it
forward, hitch
it
to the slings of
along the yard arm, get
it
fore
and aft in the gangway on chocks, cast ofi" the hawser,

middle the yard, leather and tar the slings, lash on
the tye blocks, then the parrel, splice in the parrel
87
lashing, seize the quarter blocks (with a
grummet
around
and then
their strops to prevent spreading,)
the clewline blocks, rolling tackle and burton strops,

tar the
yard arms, put on the grummets, jackstays
(which reeve through the
staples,
and
set
up together
which
in the slings) head earing strops, foot ropes
reeve through stirrups nailed to the yard at equal

distances,
and
up
set
to the opposite quarters,
blocks and eye of single

horses, jewel blocks, see the
braces,
and
coil the
seize
lifts,
upper
boom
lift
brace
on the flemish
irons on, reeve the
on the upper yard
arm, the lower one in the slings of the yard, a small

cleat or saddle, inside of the sheave hole, about
feet,
on each yard arm,
to
two
keep the top gallant sheets
clear of the yard.
Note. There
are
no jewel blocks on the mizen
topsail yard.
107.
Bend on
To Cross
the Topsail Yards.
the hawser and
hook the top burtons
assist in crossing, (it is preferable to
to
use a whip pur-
chase with a hawser and jackblock in crossing topsail
yards) get strops round the quarter and
the burtons, take

reeve" the
steady
it
lifts,
slip
with the
hook
turn with the parrel lashing,
and
cross the yard,
braces,
reeve the tyes,
the stops
lifts
and
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
88
turn in the fly blocks, reeve and haul taut the topsail
halyards, pass the parrel lashing properly, and square
the yard.
108.
7b Get on hoard and Rig Lower Yards.
Overhaul the hawser from the lower mast head,

bend on
to the slings of the yard,
and get them nearly
up and down, clap selvages on the quarters and hook

the pendant tackles to them, as it comes on board,
cut the stops, easing away on the pendant tackle,
and bousing on the other, until the yard is athwart
ship, place
chocks in the
hammock
yard on them, slue them
up
tackles,
fair
cast off the hawsers
under the middle of the yard

ing,
measure the yard,
tar
nettings, rest the
and lash them, come
to
and place a spar
prevent
its
and leather the
spring,
slings,
fit
a saddle for the D. thimble, which lash on with a

piece of well stretched rope, heaving each turn taut
with a Spanish windlass, and
D. thimblCj cover
all
fitting the score of the
with leather and
for the preventer slings,
fit
on
fit
the strops
truss strops, pendants,
qudrter and clue garnet blocks having a stout grum-
met around the
strops of the quarter blocks, to pre-
vent spreading, to the middle of this

a slab line block,
quarter
lift
strops,
fit
grummet
the rolling tackle, burton
tar the
yard arms and
seize
and
(seize the
YOUN sailor's assistant!
89
leech line blocks to the jack stay with a leg long

enough to allow the block sufficient play to brace up)
put on head earing strops, foot ropes, yard tackle

strops,
and brace blocks.
lift
Note.
to
piece of well stretched rope
thought
is
be preferable to a strand in lashing on a
ble, as
it
The
cannot absorb the water so
no jack
cross jack yards has
ings or yard tackle
thim-
freely.
stay,
head ear-
strops, and the brace blocks in-
stead of going over the yard
arm
are put
on some
distance inside of the sheave hole for the mizen topsail sheets.
To Get
109.
Send
aloft
dants and
aloft the
and lash the
jeer blocks, reeve the pen-
hitch the pendants around the quar-
falls,
ters of the yard, splice in the

ble,
Lower Yards,
lanyard of the
and take the yard tackles forward,
yard clear of the mast, reeve the
man the
lifts
and jeer
falls
lifts
to
thim-
keep the
and braces,
"swtiy away," and
when
the yard comes abreast of the futtock staves, pass the
lashing of the
over
all,
thimble, parcel
it
frap all parts together,
well,
and leather
and cover
all
with
canvass, reeve the truss pendants, turn in the blocks,
reeve the
by the
falls,
lifts
haul taut the trusses, square the yard
and
braces.
8*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
90
Note. The
the pendant
cross jack yard
tackles,
hooked
may
be got aloft by
to the
lower cap, or
through a strop passed through the pigeon hole of

the top, the mast head slings have a back lashing
passed abaft the mast head, half
cap and
the
top.
To Get on hoard
110.
way between
Spanker Boom and
the
Gaff.
The
spanker boom, trysail mast and
may
gaff,
got on board by the yard and stay tackle.
be
Put the
hoops on the trysail mast, and stop them

sway
away by a pendant tackle, point the mast head through
;
the after chock of the trusseltrees, stop and lash
head
the
to the
wake of the
crutch, seize
reeve the sheets, tar the
which
boom
guys, which go with a
set up, just
on sheet blocks and
boom, put over the
ropes,
the quarters,
its
mizen mast head, leather the boom in
out outside of the
gun
hook the topping
taffrail
foot
and
tackle purchase to
lift
to
an iron span
around the boom, lea3 them up through cheek blocks

bolted to the mizen bibbs, and set up in the channel
with a luff purchase, ship and key the boom, seize
on a
cleat for theouthaulers,to belay to, then leather
the jaws of the gaff,

blocks, brail blocks,
fit
throat
and peak halyard
vangs and blocks, reeve throat
and peak halyards, hoist up the
gaff,
and haul
taut
the vangs.
Note. The spencer gaff may be rigged nearly the

same way.
111.
To Get on hoard and Rig Top Gallant

Yards,
They
on board,
are got
like the topsail yards.
Leather the slings, seize on D. thimble, parrel and

quarter blocks, rolling tackle strops, tar the yard arms,
put on the jack stays, head earing strops, foot ropes,

braces
and
ropes,
met
to
lifts
and
foot ropes
having
nail
set
lizards
on the
stirrups^ seize
go round the yard rope
bend on the yard
rope,
in the rigging, the
When
when going
aloft,
and stop the top gallant yard
main on the starboard
and mizen on the larboard
Note.
on the
up the jack stays, fit the yard

and tripping lines, with a grum-
side, fore
side.
the lower stays are fitted with
mou-
to have them on
which the top gallant yards are stopped
up and down. The royal yards have a D. Thimble,
clue line blocks, head earing strops and foot ropes
the lifts and braces are single, and the eyes which
sings,
it is
customary
the side oppo-
site to that
go over the yard arm are stopped together.
The yard
ropes are fitted the same as those of the top gallant
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
92
yard, they are stopped in the rigging the reverse of

the top gallant yard.
To rig a Lower Studding Sail Boom.
112.
Hoist np, ship and key the boom, put on single

blocks for forward and after guys, reeve, hook, and
haul taut the topping
To rig a Topmast Studding Sail Boom,
113.
Send the boom

lower
lifts.
lift,
aloft
by two
jiggers,
of the top, point the
boom and clamp
boom lift and
boom jiggers and
114.
brace
sail
halyard
over the heel, straps for
heel lashmg.
To Rig Top Gallant Studding Sail Boom.
Sway
fit
the inner iron,
put on the tack and lower studding

blocks,
one on the
and the other one under the forward part
it
aloft
a tack block
115..
Note.
Unreeve
like
a top mast steering
and strap
sail
boom,
for heel lashing.
Rig the Boat and Fish Davits.
all
the
girtlines,
yard
ropes,
mast
93
ropes
and top pendants, unlash and send down
all
blocks which are used in rigging spars, unreeve
your
falls
pendant
and heel
their proper places
haul taut top burtons,
and reeve the running rigging.
To Cut
116.
Take
ropes,
tackles, stay the mast, seize all blocks in
the
Lower Rigging.
the length from the larboard side of the
main mast head,
to the
forward dead eye in the
board channels from the section
on the
and
floor of the rigging loft,
which
drafts,
star-
set off
stick in a marline
spike at each extremity, the shrouding stuff being

stretched, stop
one end
to
one of the marline spikes,
take the bight around the other and back again,

this is the first pair of shrouds, pass
it
and
around again
and conmanner until shrouds enough are

Take one and a half or one and a quar-
(outside at each end) for the second pair,
tinue on in this
warped
ter
off.
may
circumference of the mast head, as
ed most proper, and chalk
it
off
upon
be judg-
the bights of
the eyes also, chalk off the distance for the service
to
go on, which
mark
is
the shrouds,
generally about the middle third,
and cut them
peg in an an-
at the
gular direction, so that the after legs will be a

longer than the forward ones, put
and worm them
in
wake of the
them on
service
little
a stretch,
begin at each
94
end where the service is to leave off, and parcel upwards,
middle of the eye, where commence serving
to file
and "go downwards on each leg, the eye seizings are

round ones, and when clapt on, the whole eye is
neatly covered with parcelling, a half sister block
sometimes put between the two forward shrouds

the lower
ing on
boom
topping
lift
sister blocks, the top
to lead
through in
is
for
seiz-
of the block should be
once of the circumference of the rope below the eye

seizing,
dead eyes are always turned in with the lay
of the rope, having throat quarter and end seizings

distinguish the fore from the
fore with marline, the
these
marks get
off,
main shrouds, mark
main with house
the fore
line,
and main can
to
the
should
easily be
distinguished by lengths, the starboard shrouds are

all
shorter than the corresponding larboard ones,
by
the diameter of the rope, therefore, take the shortest

pair for the
first
next pair for the
117.
pair of starboard shrouds,

first
and the
pair of larboard shrouds.
The Topmast and Top Gallant Rigging,
same manner. In fitting the top mast

rigging, always seize on a sister block between the
two forward shrouds for the topsail lift and reef
tackles, the swifters are generally served the whole
Is cut in the
length
the eyes of the top gallant rigging are
made
95
to
fit
exactly around the cylinder,
if
there
topmast or top gallant shroud on each
either fitted with a horse shoe eye, or
with a cut
an odd
is
side,
they are
go together
splice.
The Breast and Standing Back Stays,
118.
These may be cut by
same
the
rule, the
eyes of
the breast back stays are fitted in diflerent ways,
they are sometimes spanned togethel making a square

the size of the mast head, sometimes they have an
eye like the shrouds, made

a small thimble
is
to
fit
close,
seized in the bight,
lashed around the mast head
and
others,
and they are
the eyes of the stand-
ing back stays are like those of the shrouds.
119.
The Catharpin Legs and Futtock Shrouds,
Take one
third the breadth of the top,
that distance from
the eye seizing,
shrouds, each side,
draw a
and lay on
down upon
line across
present the catharpins, and measured
which
the
will re-
upon the
scale
will give their length, splice in eyes at each end,
and leather them, the distance

from the extremity of the top and this line upon the
worm,
parcel, serve
shroud, will give the length of the futtock shrouds.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
96
which must have a hook and thimble
in their upper
ends, and a thimble in their lower ends.
120.
To Cut
the
Measure from the
Fore and Aft Stay,

parts of the mast head,
after
where the stays set up, and to the distance add the
lenofth of the mast head for collars.
Collars for stays are the length of their respective
mast head.
The housings
are to be raised one
and a
half the size of the stays, and at a distance equal to
twice the length of the mast head from the mousing.
Flemish eye
rove through
eyes, in
it,
is
worked on the end, and the stay
or they
may
which case each
mast head, the service
is
be
leg
is
fitted
with lashing
the length of the
continued the length of the
eye below the mousing, and then the collars are

leathered, the hearts are turned in with the lay of
the rope. Stays are wormed, parcelled, served, and

leathered in the
wake of all
nipps, such as the bees,
bullock blocks, and sheave holes.
121.
The
To Cut
the
Runner Pendants.
forward pair should be twice the length of
the mast head
the after pair twice
and a
half; the
thimbles are spliced in the ends, they are
wormed
"m
97
or spanned together, so as to form a span to
fit
the
mast head.
122.
The bob
collars,
Bob Stays.
stays are cut twice the length from the
on the bowsprit,
to their respective holes in
They are wormed, parcelled and served,
the cutwater.
the whole length, and leathered in the nipp, after
which they
gether,
are rove through the Jioles, spliced to-
and the dead eyes are turned
in,
in the
wake
of the splice.
123.
The
To Cut Bo%o sprit Shrouds.
length from the bowsprit to the eyebolts, in
the bows, a dead eye or heart
and a hook and thimble
124.
From
the
The
Jib
is
spliced into one
and Flying
boom end
end
in the other.
to the
Jib
Guys.
bows, making a small
allowance for reeving, through the straps on the

spritsail yard,
they are generally
eyes to the bows.
fitted
with a cuc-
boom end, and set up with dead

The cuckold's neck is served or
kold's neck, over the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
98
covered with canvass.

spritsail
cut,
and
The guys in the wake of the

The martingales must be
yard are leathered.

fitted to the
in
which they
The running
rigging
for the
is
cut as
hands
is
it
rove,
Are lead down
making
to clap on.
The Main and Main taring
126.
are rove.
The Running Rigging.
125.
due allowance
manner
Stays.
the former on the starboard side,
the latter on the larboard side of the fore mast,

set
up
to hearts bolted to the breast
the bitts on their
own
127.
Is fitted
28.
hooks, or around
ports.
The Mizen Stay.
with a shark's mouth, and lashed
boltSj abreast
and
to
eye
the main partners.
The Fore Topmast and Spring
Lead through
bees, the former
Stays.
on the starboard
side, the latter through the hanks, and then through
the larboard bees, through strops around the bowsprit,

and
set
either
up
have dead eyes turned in

bows, or else on their
to the
The
129.
stay,
and
Jib Stay.
rove through hanks, the traveller,
and inner sheave hole
by
their ends,
own parts.
lashed to the collar of the fore top-
Is frequently
mast spring
99
in the jib
boom, and leads in
the jib boom, and has a double block turned in
end and
sets
up
to
its
a single one.
The Main Topmast Stay.
130.
Reeves through a bullock block stropped around

the foremast head, above the rigging,
down
abaft the
up to an eye bolt in the deck. The

spring stay leads up through a block stropped around
the foremast, above the cat harpins, and sets up in
and
foremast,
the foretop.
sets
The mizen
topmast stay leads through a
block, stropped around the
ging,
and
up on
sets
131.
its
main mast above
own
the rig-
part.
The Fore Top Gallant Stay.
Reeves through the outer sheave hole in the
boom, and through a
and
sets
up on
its
bull's eye,
own
parts.
hooked
to the
jib
bows
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
100
The Flying'
132.
Jib Stay.
Reeves through the inner sheave hole in the flying

jib
boom, and
sets
up hke the
fore top-gallant stay.
The Main Top-gallant Stay.
133.
Reeves through the middle sheave in the

chock of the
fore topmast crosstrees, or
after
through a
block stropped around the fore topmast head, and

sets
up
in the fore top.
The Mizen Top-gallant Stay.
134.
Reeves through a
main
cap,
and
sets
135.
bull's
up
eye in the
in the
main
after part of the
top.
The Fore Royal Stay.
Reeves through the outer sheave hole in flying
boom
ends,
and
136.
sets
up
at the
jib
bow.
The Main Royal Stay.
Reeves through a thimble, stopped around the fore

top-gallant mast head,
and
sets
up
in the crosstrees.
101
The Boh Stays.
137.
After being rove, are set up to their respective collars
on the bowsprit.
The Bowsprit Shrouds.
138.
After being hooked to their eye bolts in the booms,

are set
up
The
to their collars
on the bowsprits.
gobblines are either clove hitched, or
may go
with a cuckold's neck around the end of the dolphin

striker,
and
sets
139.
The jib
up
to the
bows one on each
side.
Jib Martingale Stays.
martingale stay has a knot cast in the end
and reeves through the upper sheave
hole, in the
dolphin striker, leaving the knot on the after side
then through the block at the jib
boom
end,
down
again through the sheave hole in the dolphin striker,
up through the fair

up to the bows.
140.
leader,
Plying
Jib
on the bowsprit, and
sets
Martingale Stays.
Goes over the boom and through the lower sheave

in the dolphin striker,
sets
up
to the
up through
bows.
9*
the fair leader, and
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
102
Breast Back Stays.
141.
Have double blocks turned in their ends and

up through thrimble ones in the channels.
All Standing
142.
Have a dead eye turned

to others in the channels,
fore,
set
Back
set
Stays.
in their ends, and set
up
with the exception of the
main, and mizen top-gallant back stays, which
up on
own
their
parts.
To Reeve Running Rigging.
143.
The lower
lifts
have single blocks on the yard
arms, and a double one
standing part
is
down through
made
fitted to
fast to the
the lower cap.
The
yard arm, then reeves
the after sheave in the double block
at the cap, out again
through the single block on the
yard arm, and then down through the forward sheave

in the double block at cap.
144.
Are hooked
to the quarter
The Quarter
to strops
lift
strops
Lifts.
around the lower cap, and
on the yard.

The Topsail
145.
Go
103
Lifts.
with a single eye over the yard arms, up
through the lower sheave hole in the
sister
block in
the topmast rigging, and lead in the tops.
The Reef Tackles.
146.
Reeve through the upper sheave hole
in the sister
block at the mast head, through the outer sheave

hole in the yard arm,
down through
leach of the topsail, and the end
is
the block in the
clinched around
the yard arm.
Note.
The more approved
plan,
is
to
have pen-
dants and whipps.
147.
Are
single,
the braces
The Top-gallant
and are seized
148.
fitted,
gallant
lifts.
together, or
marled with
they lead through a half sister block,
in the top-gallant rigging
Are
Lifts.
down
The Royal
into the tops.
Lifts.
and go in the same manner, as the
top-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
104
149.
Are
Sprits ail Lifts.
generally" single, with
an eye over the yard
arm, with the end rove through a single block on the

bowsprit cap
150.
Are
fitted
and then leads
in board.
Lower Boom Topping

to
Lifts.
reeve through a block, between the
forward pair of shrouds, and hook with

to
an eye
bolt in a
sister
hooks
band on the lower studdingsail
boom.
151.
Top Mast Studding Sail Boom Topping

Lifts.
Are
fitted, to
go with an eye over the boom end,
through a block in the mast head pendant, and then
down on
deck.
152.
Hook
to
Lifts.
a strop on the boom, lead through cheek
blocks, bolted to the mizen mast,
mizen channels, with a
and
luif purchase.
set
up
in the

Fore Braces.
153.
The
105
standing parts, are clove hitched below the
mousing of the main stay, the other part rove through

the block on the yard, back again through the blocks
bolted to the main bibbs, then down by the main
mast
to the deck.
154.
The
Fore
standing part,
Topsail Braces,
is
mast head, stopped down

far as the splice,
made
fast to the
main
top-
to the collar of the stay as
through the block on the yard arm,
then through a single block lashed to the main stay,
little
below the mousing, through leading blocks
under the
top,
and down by the main mast
to the
deck.
155. Fore
The
Top Gallant Braces.
standing part
is
made
fast to the
main top
mast head, rove through a block on the yard arm,

back through a block on the main top mast
stays,
then through leading blocks under the cross trees
and down by the main mast.
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
106
156.
Fore Royal Braces.
single eye goes over the yard arm,
and then
reeves through a block lashed under the eyes of the
main
top gallant rigging,
and down on deck by the
main mast.
157.
The
The Main Braces,
standing part goes over the bumpkin end by
the quarter. galleries, through the blocks on the yard,
back again through a block on the bumpkin, and in
on deck.
The Main Topsail Braces.
158.
The
standing part
is
made
fast to
the
mizen
top-
mast head, then stopped down the mizen topmast

stay,
below the
splice,
rove through the block on the
yard arm, down through the block

dant around the mizen mast, and
159.
The
fitted
with a pen-
down on
deck.
The Main Top Gallant Braces,
standing part makes
fast to
the mizen top
gallant mast head, then leads through the block on
107
the yard arm, through a block on the
mast stay below the
Main Royal
160.
mizen top
splice.
Braces.
single eye goes over the yard arm, and leads
through a block seized on the top gallant stay and
down on
deck.
161.
Standing part
ter
is
Cross Jack Braces.
made
main
fast to the after
above the futtock
little
staffs,
it
swif-
then leads
through a block on the yard, back through a block
on the
staffs
after swifter, seized in
a line with the futtock
and down on deck.
162.
Standing part
Mizen Top
is
made
sail Braces.
fast to the
main
cap, leads
through a block on the yard, back through a block

at the cap,
down on
163.
Are
fitted
deck.
Mizen Top Gallant Braces.

with an eye over the yard arm, reeves
108
through a sheave hole in the
topmast crosstrees,
Are
fitted
manner
64.
down on
after
deck.
Mizen Royal Braces.
with a single eye, and go in the same
as the
mizen top gallant braces.
165. Sprit Sail
Standing part makes

fore stay,
chock of the main
fast
Br aces
to
the
collar
of the
through the block on the yard, through the
block under the fore top, and
down on deck by
the
foremast.
Topmast Studding Sail Boom Braces.
166.
A long
eye
pendant goes over the boom end with an
splice,
and a
single block spliced in the end.
The
standing part of the brace makes
main
rigging, the other end reeves through the block
fast
to the
in the pendants, then through a block in the
rigging,
down on
167.
The
fore
main
deck.
Bowlines.
bowline reeves through a block two
109
thirds out
on the bowsprit, and then in on deck,
to
the fore casile.
Fore Top Bowline
168.
Reeves through a block on the bowsprit, in on the

fore castle.
169.
Fore Top Gallant Boxoline
Reeves through a block
at
the jib
boom
end,
through the fair leader on the bowsprit and in board
on the
fore castle.
170.
Fore Royal Bowline
Reeves through a block
at the flying jib
end, in through the fair leader, the
same
boom
as the fore
top gallant bowline.
171.
Main
Bowline,
'\
The main
standing part
bowline
made
layed to the fore
is
a runner and tackle, the
fast to the
fife rail.
10
running part and be-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
110
Main Top Bowline
172.
Reeves through a block, bolted

the fore trusseltrees,
173.
to the after part of
down on deck
Main Top
to the side.
Gallant Bowline
Reeves through the sheave hole in the
after
in the fore topmast cross trees, then leads
174.
Lead
chock
on deck.
Main Royal Bowlines
similar to the fore royal bowlines.
175.
The Mizen Top Bowlines
Reeve through a block seized
to the after
main
swifter-
176.
The Mizen Top Gallant Bowlines
Reeve through a sheave in the chock of the main

top mast crosstrees,
177.
Lead
down on
deck.
The Mizen Royal Bowlines.
similar to the fore
and main
Ill
178.
The
Fore Topmast Stay
standing part
is
/Sail
Halyards.
seized or hitched to the fore
topmeist spring stay, then rove through a block in
the head of the
sail,
up through a leading
block, un-
der the eyes of the topmast rigging, then
down on
the larboard side to the deck abaft the foremast.
179. Jib
Are bent and rove

on the starboard
180.
Are a
jib,
Halyards
like the stay sail, leading
down
side of the deck.
Flying
Jib
Halyards
single rope hitched to the head of the flying
leading through a single block at the fore top
gallant mast head,
181.
The end
down on deck
the larboard side.
Fore Top Sail Halyards.
of the tye clinches around the topmast
head, reeves through a block on the yard,
up through
the ginns of the mast head, and has a thimble spliced

in the end, a double block
with
sister
is
attached to this thimble
hooks, and the halyards are rove like a
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
112
luff purchase, connecting the double block
single one in the channels, there being
two halyards, one on each
two tyes and
side.
The Main Top Sail Halyards
182.
Are
with a
fitted the
same
as the fore ones in all respects.
The Mizen Topsail Halyards
183.
Have only one
tye,
which reeves through the
sheave hole in the mizen topmast head.
184. Fore
The
Top Gallant Halyards,
tye hooks to a thimble
sheave hole
at the
mast head.
and reeves through a
The halyards
are a luff
purchase, the double block hooked to the tye, and

the single one to a strop around the lower trusseltrees, the fall
185.
Lead
the
t^
leading on deck.
Main Top Gallant Halyards

same
as the fore ones.
U3
Mizen Top Gallant Halyards
186.
Have no
purchase, but are long, and lead single on
deck.
187. Fore,
Are
Main, and Mizen Royal Halyards
all single,
and lead similar
to the
mizen top
gallant halyards.
188.
The
Main Topmast Stay
standing part
is
main topmast spring
Halyards.
hitched to the collar of the
stay,
reeving through a block
up through a leading block

the main topmast head and down on deck.
in the
at
sail
head of the
189.
Are hitched
sail,
Mizen Stay Sail Halyards

to' the
collar of the stay sail stay, reev-
ing through a block in the head of the
through a leader, and lead
190.
Are a
down on
sail,
then
deck.
Gaff Throat Halyards
luff purchase.
The single block hooks

10*
to
an
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
114
eye bolt in the jaws of the

to another in the
mizen
191.
The
gaff,
and the double one
trussletrees.
Peak Halyards.
standing part goes on the
through a double block
at the cap,
a single block on the
gaff,
double block at the cap,
192.
The
gaff end, leads
and out through
up again through
and down on deck.
Lower Studding Sail Halyards.
outer ones are taken through the
hole, rove
the
lubber's
through a block in the end of a mast head
pendant, out through a block-at the end of the stud-
ding
sail
boom, and bent
to the
yard
the inner
halyards lead through two single blocks on the fore

yard, the one without the other, and
is
bent to the
inner head cringle.
193.
Top Mast Studding Sail Halyards
Are rove through span blocks,
at the top
mast
head, then through the jewel blocks, at the yard arm,
and bent
to the yard.
>
11&
Fore Top Mast Stay Sail Downhaul
194.
Is hitched to the
head of the
sail,
rove through the
hanks, then through a block seized to the tack of

the
sail,
and leads
in
on deck, through the
fair leader,
to the fore castle.
195.
Is hitched to the
the hanks, the
Jih
Downhaul
head of the sail, then rove through
same
as the stay sail downhaul, then
rove through a block seized

in
on deck, through the
to the traveller
fair leader, to
and lead
the starboard
side of the fore castle.
196.
Is hitched
to
Flying
Jih
Downhaul
the head of the
sail,
rove through
the hanks, then through a block at the end of the
boom, and in on deck, the same as the others.
197.
Are
Top Sail Downhauls
either luff or
to strops
gun
tackle purchases,
hooked
around the slings of the yard, and another
through the pigeon hole of the
top.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
116
Main Topmast Stay
198.
Is
clinched to
the
Downhaul
Sail
head of the
sail,
through the hanks, through a block

the
then rove
at the tack of
and down by the foremast.
sail,
199.
Mizen Stay Sail Downhaul
Is clinched to the
the hanks,
of the sail, rove
through
the mizen stay.
Topmast Studding Sail Downhaul
200.
Bends
down
head
to the
yard arm, reeves through a
eye in the leach of the
sail^
bull's
then through a single
block at the tack, and in on deck.
201.
Top Gallant Studding- Sail Downhaul
Bends
to the
202.
Is
yard arm and leads
to the top.
Royal Studding Sail Downhaul
bent to the yard, and leads in the same man-
ner as the top gallant studding
sail
downhaul.
YOUNG
203.
Is
hooked
Main Tack
an eye bolt in the gangway, then
to
rove through a block in the clew of the

leads through a block in the
to
117
sailor's ASSISTANT.'
sail,
then
gangway and belayed
a cavel.
The
fore tack is
hooked
to the fore
bumpkin, then
rove through a block in the clew of the
through another block
on the
at the
bumpkin
sail,
out
end, and in
fore castle.
204. l^he Jib
and Fore Topmast Stay Sail Tacks
Are simple lashings.
205.
Is a small
206.
gun
The Spanker Tack

tackle purchase.
Topmast^ Top Gallant^ and Royal Studding

Sail Tacks.
The
topmast studding
tack of the
the boom.
sail,
sail
tack
is
bent to the
rove throuorh a block on the end of
The
fore,
leading
aft to
a block, in the
forward part of the main rigging.
The main
bulwark
abaft.
leads through a sheave hole in the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
118
The
top gallant and royal studding sail tacks, are
bent in the same manner and lead in their respective

:ops.
Main Topmast Stay
207.
Sail
Tack
Reeves through a block, in the weather
fore rig-
ging-
208.
Lower Studding Sail Outhaul
Is bent to the tack of the
block at the
boom
sail,
rove through a
end, and leads in through a lead-
ing block in the gangway.
209,
The end
is
Spanker Outhaul.
clinched around the
boom
through a block in the clew of the
sail,
end, rove
then out
through a sheave hole in the boom end, and belayed

to a cleat lashed to the
210.
boom.
Fore arid Main Sheets
Are hooked with
sister
hooks
to bolts in the ship's

side,
sail,
119
then rove through the block in the clew of the
and lead
in
through a sheave hole in the
211.
side.
Top Sail Sheets
Are clinched around the lower yard arms, then

rove through the blocks in the clew of the
sail,
through the sheave holes in the yard arms, in again

through the quarter blocks, and lead
to the topsail sheet bitts,
212.
where they
down on deck
are belayed.
Top Gallant and Royal Sheets
Are clinched
to the
clews of the
sail,
rove through
the sheave hole in the yard arms, in through the
quarter blocks, and lead on deck.
Note. The royal sheet leads only
213. Fore
as far as the top.
Topmast Stay Sail and
Pendants lashed
to the
Jib Sheets.
clew of the
sails,
with a
block in the end, through which the sheets are rove,

the standing part
is
hooked
bows, and the running part

castle.
to
is
an eyebolt in the
led in
on the
fore
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
120
214.
Are lashed
Flyijig Jib Sheets
to the
clew of the
sail,
rove through a
block on the spritsail yard, and lead in on the fore

castle.
215.
Mizen Stay Sail Sheet
Is a runner,' leading
through a snatch block and
thimble.
The main
topmast stay
the clew of the
sail,
216.
Are
and leads
Spanker Sheets
luff purchases,
block on the
makes fast to
down in the gangway.
sail sheet
boom and
reeving through a double

a single one bolted to the
taffrail.
217.
The
Loioer Studding Sail Sheets.
short sheet reeves through a block, hooked in
the side or in the channels
the long one leads in on
the fore castle.
218.
The
Topmast Studding Sail
Sheets.
short one leads through a thimble
on the
121
lower yard, into the top, the long one leads
down on
the fore castle.
The Top-gallant and Royal Studding
219.
/Sail
Sheets
All lead in the top.
220.
The
fore
Clue Garnets.
and main clue garnets are hitched
to the
yards, then rove through a block lashed in the clews
of the
yard,
up through a block on
sail,
down
221.
Topsail and Top-gallant Clewlines
Are rove the same
Note.
the quarter of the
to the fife rail.
Some
as
clew garnets.
ships have
them
to
go with whips
and pendants.
Royal Clewlines
222.
Are hitched
to the clews of the sails rove
through
the quarter blocks on the yard, and lead either in the

tops, or
on deck.
I
11
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
122
.
Lower Studding Sail Clewlines
223.
Are hitched
clew of the
to the outer
through a block
at the inner
rove
sail,
yard arm, then through
a block on the fore yard, and are led
down on
deck.
Fore and Main Buntlines
224.
The upper legs reeve through the upper
Aredonble.
sheave in the shoe block, then through a double block
under the
tops,
and both
parts are toggled or clenched
to the foot of the courses,
The
forward of the
sail.
lower legs are rove through the lower sheave
of the shoe block, and forms a whip

part seizing to the
the other part
Note.
is
The
fore swifter,
main
manned
stays
by the
in hauling
fore buntlines lead
and belay
the standing
fore mast,
up the
down by
and
sail.
the after
to the side, or life rail.
Top Sail Buntlines
225.
Are clinched
in
the foot of the
sail,
then reeve
through a thimble, lashed to the yard, up through

leading blocks under the fore part of the topmast
crosstrees,
and down on deck.
4l^1f^^
123

Top-gallant Buntlines
226.
Are hitched
to
through a block
down on
Note,
a span in the foot of the
sail
leads
the top-gallant mast head, and
at
deck.
Slablines are hitched to the middle of a
up abaft, and reeves

through a block lashed to a grummet, around the
strops of the quarter blocks of the lower yards, and
span
at the foot of the sail, leads
down on
deck.
227.
The
Leach Lines
forward leach lines are rove through the up-
per sheave hole of a shoe block, both parts are then
rove through a double block, hooked with a pendant

to
the lower cap, then through
two single blocks,
seized to the jack stays on the yards, and are clinched

to the leaches of the courses before the sail.
228.
The Lower Legs
Are rove through the other sheave

block, the standing part
is
made
the other end being used to haul
229.
hole, in the shoe
fast to the fife rail,
up the
sails.
After Leach Lines.
Are rove through blocks on the underneath part
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
124
of the yard, and clinched to the courses abaft the

to the
same
Spanker Brails.
230.
The middle
after leach
sail,
places, as the forward ones.
brail,
of the
and peak
sail,
brail, are seized to the
leading up through cheeks
bolted on each side of the gaff, through leading blocks,

bolted
on each
side of the
jaws of the
gaff,
and down
on deck.
The
foot brails are rove
through a block lashed
to
a hoop one third or thereabouts up the trysail mast.
231.
Are rove
like the
sail brails are
Try Sail Brails

spanker
brails.
Themizen
clinched in the after clew of the
up through a block seized to the upper

luff of the sail and lead on deck.
led
232.
Main Topmast Stay Sail
Are seized
to the
leach of the
sail,
staysail,
part of the
Brails
lead
up through
the hanks to a block seized to the upper hank, and

act as a
downhaul
also.

Jih Brails
233.
Are seized
to the
a block seized
clew of the
a hank,
to
the end of the jib boom,
234. Jih
Are
fitted
and Flying
The
Jih
another at
fore castle.
Guys
boom
on the
ends,
and lead
spritsail
yard*
spliced, or turned in their ends,
to others at the
235.
and lead through
and in on the
over their respective
having dead eyes,
up
sail,
down through
in through thimbles stopped
setting
125
bows.
Lower Boom Guys
standing part of the forward guy
to the spritsail yard, then rove
is
made
fast
through a block on a
boom, back again through a block on the bowsprit

cap,
and lead in on the
236.
Are hooked
to
fore castle.
The After Guys
an eyebolt in the side abaft the fore
channels, then rove through a block on the
boom
and leads in through a sheave hole in the side above
where the standing part
hooked.
IX*
is
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
126
237.
The Spanker Boom Guys
Have a pendant which

boom end, and sets up on
is
fitted
to
go over the
the quarter with a
gun
tackle purchase.
238.
The
Storm Stay Sail Gear.
storm stay
sail
stays are lashed around their
respective mast heads, or toggled in the crutch of the
lower
stays,
and
set
up near
the proper stays, the hal-
yards and dovvnhauls being rove in the same manner

as the other stay sails, using luff purchases for the
sheets.
239.
The Middle^ Lower^ and Upper Top-gallant

Stay Sails and Jack Stays,
J
May be
turned
mast
up
in,
fitted in one.
and lashed
crosstrees, or
In this case a double block
is
to the after part of the fore top-
mast head, the lower part
is set
in the fore top, the upper part, at the fore top-gal-
lant
mast head.
The
middle stay sail
stays, are
rove through a
gle block, stropped to the topmast,
The lower and upper
down on
sin-
the cap.
top-gallant stay sail stays,
are rove through blocks, fitted to traverse the jack

stay,
with lock thimbles, the former being rove
YOUNG
127
sailor's ASSISTANT.
through the other sheave of the double blocn
at the
through a block
at the
topmast crosstrees, the
latter
mast head, and both are led on deck.
fore top-gallant
The Downhaul Blocks
240.
Are single and are seized

line blocks.
The
collars of the stays, rove
of the
sail,
to the strops
through blocks in the head
through leading blocks
down on the quarter deck.

The downhauls are hitched
sail,
of the tricing
halyards are whips, hitched to the
at the
to
mast head,
the head of the
rove through the hanks, and through the
haul blocks, and lead in on deck.

single,
and lead in the fore
single leading in the
241.
To Stow
the
The
down-
tacks are
top, the sheets are also
gangways.
Hold and Spirit Room.
Ballast.
See that the limbers are clear from chips or
and place the limber boards.
Clean, sweep,
dirt,
and
whitewash the hold, place hoop poles athwart ships

for
dunnage, as near
to
each pig of iron will
each other as possible, so that

rest at least
on two of them.
Have the rust well beaten off the ballast, and whitewash each pig. Each pig should be weighed, after
which
strike
it,
stow
it
according
to the
mould of the
128
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
and to her best sailing trim, always observing

have the same number of pigs on each side of the
vessel
to
kelson.
The
last,
room should be
ballast in the spirit
Make
number
uation of that in the hold.

indicating the exact
position
which they occupy, and
To Stow
242.
Strike
a contin-
a draft of the balof pigs, the exact
their exact weight.
the Casks.
down their beds, place and whitewash them
then strike below the water casks, commencing

after
bulkhead in the hold
the kelson tier
have the largest cask in that
to
tier,
at
the
observing
and the guages
of the casks on each side of the kelson, to correspond.
Be
careful that the
bung
and head
clear.
bilge free,
After completing the
holes are
first
tier,
all
up,
and the
go on with the
se-
cond, placing hanging beds between the casks, and
stowing barked wood in

tiers
approach the wings,
minish.
bung
lines of the
Stow
ground
As
the
the size of the cask di-
tier is all finished, fill
and
the riding tiers in the cunt-
tiers, fill
stowage being commenced

forward.
let
When the ground
the casks.
the breakages.
all
and bung them up
abaft, all
the
breakage will be

Stowage of Naval
243.
Stow
in the
/Stores.
the beef on the larboard side,
on the starboard
side,
with the
wings, chocking
all
and the pork
flour, rice
fore
oflf,
129
and beans
and
with
aft
The casks in the spirit rooms are stowed in

same manner, with the exception that the stowage is commenced forward, instead of abaft. Whiswood.
the
molasses and vinegar are always stowed in
key,
The
casks.
liquors of the medical department,
pursers stores
are generally stowed
in
and
the spirit
room.
Make
and
a draft of the ground
spirit
tier,
and riding
tiers,
rooms.
Note. The guages of all casks upon the draft,

number of barrels, boxes, <fcc., with the kind of
provisions which they contain.
The shot and wads may now be got on board and
the
stowed in their respective lockers.
To Get on Board
244.
The
coiled
after
cables are taken from the rope walks,
upon a
car,
having a large hole in
being transported
ers are, the
through
the Cables.
all
to the
coil is
and
bottom,
wharf where the
upper end of the

the flakes,
its
taken
light-
down
and through the hole in the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
130
bottom of the
By
lighter.
car,
then coiled
dipping the end in
away again in the

this manner grinds
or kinks are prevented, and the cable

lighter,
with only one turn in
Hemp
cables are a
rally has five, a sloop of
lighter being
got into the
hundred and twenty fathoms
in length, a seventy four
The
is
it.
gun
war
towed
ship, or a frigate gene-
three.
off to the ship,
haul un-
der the bows, place masts in the sides and
one of the forward
and French
flake
ports, get the cables in
them
fore
and
aft
of
on deck,
they are
with the same number of turns in them as

left
sills
now
when they
the rope walks.
See that the orlops are
clear,
and
that the skids
are properly placed for the cable to lay on.
Pass the
end of the spare one below and coil away with the
sun, on the starboard side of the main orlop, abaft,
make
the coil as large as possible, taking care not to
have too many
flakes,
strands of the inner ones
in a sheave, as the inside
would be
injured.
Pass the ends of the two sheets below the starboard
one on the larboard side and the larboard on the

board
side,
star-
and clinch them around the main mast, or
to the orlop
them away with the sun, letThese ends are pointed and
the ends of those which remain on
beams,
coil
ting the ends remain out.

tailed, as also,
deck.
Join the pointed ends with a short splice,
worming
the tails along the cable.
Having
seizings
131
put on at proper distances, these form two long

cables
and the whole
The upper
five cables
ends of the two
in the following
manner,
form three
last cables, are
viz.,
tiers.
crowned
clap a seizing
round
the cable, about two fathoms from the end, and un-
lay
it
With
to the seizing.
form an
cut off the three next ones,
artificial eye,
and woold
their
form a crown,
ends
worm
the three inner strands
with the three outer ones,
the ends along the cable,
and
clap on seizings.
245.
Are got
in
Chain Cables.
through the hause holes, and paid down,
into their respective lockers, into the
They
are ninety fathoms long,
main hatch way.
and shackled
to the
kelson with a Jewsharp, or lashed.
The stream cables and
messengers are coiled away
in the tier of the spare cable.

sible,
The hawsers
if
pos-
should be stowed, so that the end of every one
could be passed up together, or at the same time.
246.
Rig the
and
To Get
the
fish davits,
fish falls, get the
Anchors on Board.
reeve and overhaul the cat
anchors into a lighter and tow
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
132
them under the bows, pass up the end of the stream

bower anchor,
hook the cat and run the anchor up to the cat head.
Pass the stopper, hook the fish, and pass the shank
painter, unbend the stream cable and bend it to the
cable and chnch to the ring of the
waist anchor, then drop the lighter
her under the berth of the anchor.
yard
in,
and the main yard up,
and top them up a
little,
as
Hook
the yard arm, and set well

stays.
as possible,
hook a stout tackle

lifts
to
and trusses
Pass a lashing around the slings of the
yard, to ease the trusses.
back
and secure
Brace the fore
much
act as a rolling tackle, bouse the
well taut.
aft.
^both top burtons to
up the opposite breast
Pass a strop around the topmast, just
above the lower cap.
Hook
the double block of a
stout pendant tackle in this strop, and the single one

is
hooked just without the place where the
for the
lifts,
pendant
is to
be lashed
bull's
eye
haul well taut the
burtons and pendant tackles alike, reeve whips
and get up the
triantic stays.
the pendants are lashed
far
The
bull's eyes for
enough out upon the
yards, to allow the anchor to clear the ship's side.
Reeve the pendant up through it, and clinch the

to the lower mast head, have a thimble in the
end
to which
Have a thwartship
lower end
the purchases
are
hooked.
tackle in readiness, to bouse
the anchor to the gunwale
lash the lower block of
133
the
main purchases,
crown of the anchor
to the
having guys from each fluke
The
fore
Rack
purchase block
the topsail tye
is
to
keep
it
steady.
lashed to the ring.
and hook the lower
aloft,
block of the fore topsail halyards to a stout strop,

passed around the shank of the anchor (amidships)
then lashed above the middle of the upper arm of the

stock, haul taut
handsomely.
*'
Sway away
;"
when,
high enough, haul over on the stay and athwart-*

ship tackles, get the
bill
of the anchor upon the
gunwale, pass tripp stopper place shoes and secure

the anchor, with stock and shank lathings
unbend
the stream cable, and unlash purchases.
Drop
ship.
the lighter around on the other side of the
Shift over
your purchases, secure your yards,
and get up the other bower and waist anchors in

the
same manner.
When
done, pass the stream
cable below.
247.
To Bend
the Cables.
Reeve a ring rope through the ring of the anchor,

leading
it
in through the
hawse holes, and bend
it
to
the cable with a timber hitch, three or four fathoms
from the end, having
it
stopped along to the end.
Haul out on the ring rope, and when you have

enough of the end through the ring, cut the stops,
unbend the ring rope, and form an inside clinch,
12
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
134
having
it
bends
are
on
put
a small bend
is
opposite to
as far as possible
and stop them together
The
each other, and
put on near the end to secure
Render the cables

clinch,
The
smaller than the ring of the anchor.
to
it.
through the
prevent chafes,
(tec.
chain cables are shackled to the rings of the
anchors, then bend the
buoy
ropes.
To Range and Stopper
248.
the Cables.
Before ranging the cables, they should be bitted,
which
is
done
as follows
haul up sufficient slack

bitts,
when
it,
bitts,
and
the cables are bent,
form a bight abaft the
to
throw the bight which
head of the
bitt
is
in case
thus formed, over the
you wish
to
take another turn around the cavil.
ing, get a tail block over the
rope through
the cable.
it,
weather
In rang-
hatchway, and reeve a
which overhaul down and hitch
Take
to
the running part close out to the
guns, bouse upon the rope and French flake the

cable fore and
aft
stoppers, before
at the range,
the decks.
and
which
Clap on deck and
abaft the bitts, put

is
on rounding
intended to veer, and also have
cable mats in readiness, to be used as

quired.
bitt
may
be
re-
136
249. Stoppers
The
end,
is
and Nippers.
head stopper has a knot worked in the
cat
then rove through the hole in the cat head
through the ring in the anchor, and taken over the

cleat,
on the
side of the cat head, in board
and
be-
layed.
250.
The Tripp Stoppers,
Both ends are made
fast to
ter part of the fore channels.
eye bolts under the
The
score in the
of the waist anchor stock rest in the bight,
anchor
to tripp the
when
let go,
its
af-
end
use
is
clear of the ship's
side.
251.
Are hooked
worked
lanyard
in the
is
Deck Stoppers
to bolts in the deck.
They have
end with a lanyard
fast to
it.
a knot
The
passed around both stopper and cable,
abaft the knot,
and then wormed along the
cable,
forward of it.
252.
Ring Stoppers
'
Are ropes middled, the bights being taken through
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
136
the deck bolts, the ends rove through and dogged
along the cable.
253.
Are
tailed
and rove through the Sampson knee
forward of the
bitts,
Bitt fStopjyers
bitts,
taken over the cable abaft the
under again, and wormed along the cable
for-
ward.
254.
Dog
Stoppers
Are very long, and are used in the

is
tiers.
One end
clinched around the main mast, and the other
wormed along the cable.

The wing stoppers are
similar, but are clinched
around the orlop deck beams in the wings.
255.
The Combi7ig
For hemp
tailed.
Two
the after
is
cables
Stojjjêrs, or
Compressers,
they are very long, and are
holes are bored through the deck, abaft
beam
of the hatch
one end of the stopper
rove through one of the holes, downwards, passed
under the cable and rove up again through the other

hole, both ends are then
taut, so as to
nip
it
dogged around the cable
against the bea*rn.
137
For chain cables, the combing stopper is an iron

elbow, one end of which is bolted to the forward beam
of the hatch underneath, the elbow goes around the
cable,
having an eye in the other end
lufF tackle
to
which a
hooked, which being hauled upon,
is
stoppers the cable effectually.
Nippers
256.
Should be
fathoms long and made of the best
five
of rope yarns.
257.
Lay
To Pass a Nipper.
the messenger
on the
hawse
or three fathoms abaft the

nippers,
which
is
done
cable,
as follows.
and begin two
hole, to pass the
Two
first
the
messenger and held by a boy
both
round turns
taken with the end of the nipper, around
are
the other
end
is
wormed around
then round
the cable, as
was around the messenger. When the strain

becomes heavy, racking, and even round turns maybe used, having also small heavers, and selvages to
the
first
secure the ends, taking care to have dry ones ready

to
use
when
the cable
is
up and down.
12*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
138
To
258.
Take
and
long
Splice
the old one to the rope
splice
them
to the
to
walk
ends of the
which lay up the
splice, after
New
One.
unlay the ends
new one with
latter.
To Cut and Pass a Messenger.
259.
The
an Old Cable
length should be equal to twice the distance
from the
after part
manger, added
capstern band
of the capstern to the roller in the
to four times the

;
circumference of the
this is sufficient for splicing in the
The messenger
eyes and taking the turns.
is
passed
with three round turns, and then the eyes are lashed
with the lanyard figure of 8 fashion, the part which
is
brought
to the cable is
260.
Cast
oflf
undermost.
To Dip a Messenger.
the lashing, slack
up
the turns and pass
up or down, as necessary. Between the turns

and capstern, render the turns through each other
the eye
and pass the lashing again.
261.
Have
the
To Get
gun
the
Guns on Board.
carriages
and
all
the equipments
belonging to them brought alongside in lighters

hoist
on
them
brace
their respective decks,
over the port through

in,
and
in with the yard
and secure as
up
the
which the guns are
for getting
up
main yard,
to
be taken
the waist anchor,
with the addition of using another pendant

the double block of
which
used
is
and get them
stay,
to
hook
tackle",
a strop
to
passed around the lower cap, and the single one to a

strop just within the place
the pendant
eye,
is to
where the
be lashed on.
bull's
eye for
Lash on the
between the single block of the pendant
and reeve a pendant
tackle like the one
used for the waist anchor.
hole
is
bull's
tackle,
which was
bored through
the spar deck if a frigate, but if a line of battle ship
through the spar and main deck abreast the gangway

port,
and the gurnet rove down through.
and thimble
net,
is
spliced in the lower
and a thimble
in the upper end,
ed to the main pendant tackle.
breeching
stuff,
and
seize
hook
end of the gur-
which
Make
is
hook-
the slings of
an eye on the bight, large
enough to go over the breech of the gun, put over the

eye, and put the slings along the upper part of the
gun, lashing them with a piece of rope around
just forward of the trunnion
bend a hawser also
all
to
weigh the gun, in the event of parting the purchase, and

lash the purchase block to the bight of the slings
;
*'S\vayaway," and drop thelighterfromunderthe gun,
and when the breech
is
as high as the port,
hook the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
140
garnet and athwartsliip tackle to the breeching ring

rouse
in,
run a carriage under, lower away, place the
trunnions
fair,
clamp them, come up the purchases
and transport the gun
main deck guns
in the
are taken in over the

zle,
get all lower
to its port
;
The
same way.
rail,
a toggle
is
and
carronades
put in the muz-
one bight of the slings over the cascabel, the
other over the muzzle, and back lashed to the toggle,, the
stay or purchase block
is
lashed on midships
of the slings, and the stay or pendant tackle to the
same
place,
consequently the gun will
square, have the slide
and bed ready, place
come
it
fair
in
and
drive in the naval bolt.
Ship the screws, beds and
coins, reeve the breeching,
hook
side
and
train tackles,
see the guns square in the ports, and secure them there.
Note. The reason for having an additional security on the main yard is, because in getting in guns
the strain
is
altogether on the yard, while in getting
which are of the same weight as a

nearly, the strain is divided between two yards.
The main deck guns might be taken in over the
up
gun
the anchors,
rail
and struck down the main hatch.
262.
Have
scow.
To Ship and Unship a Rudder.
the rudder brought under the stern in a
Bore a hole through a beam or carline over
141
the rudder case.
and
Drive an eye bolt up through
a washer and forelock.
fit
block with hook and thimble, and hook
eye
to
reeve a top pendant through
bolt,
down through
block,
an eye
bolt,
which
the rudder case,

is
it,
Strop a large single
temporarily
rudder head. Clap a deck tackle on
it
to the
the single
and hitch
it
into the
fitted
to the other
end
of the pendant, have heel ropes leading forward on
each
side,
being rove through their respective holes
in the rudder;
man
the deck tackle
fall
and
hoist
When the rudder is high enough, guy it fair, see
away.
the pintles fair for entering the gudgeons, and lower,

fit
in the
wood lock.
Come up
the pendant, unreeve
the heel ropes, take the bolt from the rudder head,
the one from the
tiller,
To
beam
and reeve the wheel

unship
it.
or carline above, ship the

ropes.
Fit the bolts, single block, pen-
dant and deck tackles as before, unreeve the wheel

tiller, knock out the wood lock
and sway away, when the pintles are clear of the
ropes, unship the
gudgeons, lower away, secure

lighter,
tow
it
it
to
the
on shore, parbuckle or hoist
scow or
it
out of
the water.
263.
Call
all
To Bend âils and

hands
to
bend
sails,
Staij Sails.^
get the courses,
jib,
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
142
and spanker on deck. Open them
topsail,
out,
and see
that they are whole, that the bowline bridles,
and reef
line,
earings, rope bands, reef points, sheet clew-
and reef tackle blocks, are
bight the topsails

tive
head
down
in their proper places
in slings abaft their respec-
masts, with the clews out
and that yard arm
uppermost, opposite the side on which they are to

be sent
aloft,
halyards, high
round up the flyblock of the
enough
for the
the topsail clear of the top
curely to a back stay.

topsail
rail,
Hook
lower block
topsail
to take
and rack the tye
se-
the lower block of the
halyard to the slings, also a snatch block,
which mouse. Reeve
the halyard through the snatch
block, then through another farther
aft,
and
it
will
serve as a jack stay to keep the sail clear of the top

as
it
goes up.
Sway
aloft the topsail
the forward part of the top.

yards,
hook and haul them
and get
it
into
Overhaul down the
hal-
taut,
reeve and bend the
sheets, clewlines, buntlines, reef tackles

lines.
Stop the head of the
and bow-
sail to the buntlines,
hook
the double block of a luff to a strop on the yard arm,

the single one to the
head
earings, to
first
reef cringle, stopping the
the standing part.
Overhaul the
course, athwart the deck, seize on the sheet, tack and
clue garnet blocks, reeve and bend the geer. Stop the
head of the
for
sail to
the buntlines, use the top burtons
yard ropes, hooking through the
first
reef cringle,
stopping the head earings to the standing parts.
Turn
143
the block out of the end of the jib stay,
line,
on the halyard block, reeve the
luff of the jib, seize
halyards and downhauls,
fit
lower the spanker
sheets,
the brail bloek, reeve the
on the sheet pendants, and reeve the
brails, seize
pass the throat and
gaff,
peak earings, and lace the head
on
and bend on
bring the end in on the forecastle, stop the
the
To man
them
reeve
brails,
the
gear.
downhaul, yard
Man
the
Seize
the gaff.
to
and
the
jib
outhauler.
and
halyards
ropes, clew garnets, clewlines, bunt-
lines, reef tackles
and gaff halyards, run out the
jib,
up the stay and seize the tack, sway

the topsails and courses, up to the yards, where some
hands are ready to receive them, bend the gear and
reeve and set
haul out, then take a turn with the earings, ride
down
courses, seize
the leachline block of the
fit
on and reeve the
Some
leechline.
hands are employed in seizing on the hoops

spanker as
it
goes
see if the gear
is
bent clear, clew
luff of the
fall, to
the courses
The
and
topsails,
top gallant
are bent
fit
make
the heads, then pass the earings exactly,
fast the rope bands,
on deck.
sails,
aloft.
stow
jib
Let
all
to the
the sails
up and
furl
and spanker.
royals and studding sails,
Send the
stay sails into the tops,
the jack stays and tricing line blocks, to the
ter, seize
the head of the
luff,
lat-
reeve the halyards,
downhauls and brails, bend the tacks and

the stay sails, and haul all taut.
sheets,
stow
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
144
To Bend Fhjhig
264.
These
sails are
and Fore Top Mast
Jib
Stay
Sail.
bent like the
the fore topmast spring stay,
is
Note. In running out the
jib,
not
jib,
excepting that
come
it
pass a strop around the body of the
is
up.
necessary to
and
sail,
to this
and dowhaul now by hoisting on

halyards, and running out on the downhaul, and a
hook
the halyards
rope which
goes out
is
bent to the end of the stay the
To Carry Out an Anchor with a Boat.
265.
Hang
the anchor to the stern of the boat,
stoppers,
having a buoy rope and buoy
the end of the
hawse
hole,
and
to
by good
it,
pass
hawser out through the

enough of it away in the bows
cable or
coil
of the boat to reach the bottom.

coil,
sail
fair.
Now
capsize the
bight by bight in the stern sheets,
and then
the end will be uppermost, bend the cable or hawser

in board,
when
buoy and
see that the
in the right place,
buoy rope
heave over the
is clear,
stand clear
of the cable and slip the stoppers.
266.
To Haul Off and Moor Ship.
Before hauling
off,
hoist in
and stow the spare
YOUNG
them by
spars, securing
chocks, get
of
sailor's ASSISTANT.
on board
men from
all
place
gripes,
stores,
145
the boat's
and the complement
and
the receiving ship, get tip kedges
hawsers, ready for instant service, see the boats pro-
vided with crews, oars, and
and drop
it
where the
Run out
sails.
first
a kedge,
or weather anchor
Have guys from the ship to

the shore, single the fasts, hang over fenders and out
riggers, man the hawser, cast ofi" the fasts and warp
is
to
be planted.
checking her as necessary by the guys, run the
off,
kedge up
to the
bows and
let
go the weather anchor,
veer too as fast as she will take
going astern by the mizen topsail

to shoot
and
in case there
when
let
her to either
is
side,
is
too on the weather cable
moor a
service,
little
and veer
267.
it
if
necessary.
If
use the helm, jib or spanker,
no wind, use kedges and hawsers,
a double scope
go the second anchor,
ings,
assisting her in
it,
out, stopper the cable,

furl the
mizen
and heave
topsail,
in to the
and
bring
moor-
taut to allow for veering, clap

to the
hawse-hole
if
hemp
on
cable.
Getting in the Spare Spars.
In hoisting in the spare spars, use the yard and

stay tackles, across each other, the
main being hook-
ed forward, and the fore abaft. This

the spars are too long to
come
the fore and main rigging
is
done, because
between
by bousing upon one of
directly in
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
146
the stay tackles, the spar is brought far
ward or
when
enough
for-
allow the other end to come up and
aft to
reversed.
In stowing the
spare topmast, lay the heads of the
main and mizen
in,
the operation
is
and the head of the
abaft,
fore,
forward, and they
will be ready for pointing.
268.
Station the Crew.
In dividing the crew into watches, care should be

taken that the physical force
is
as possible, and there be as
many
as equally distributed
seamen, ordinary
seamen, landsmen, boys, and marines, in one watch,

as
in the other.
Petty officers should be chosen from
who have
seamen, selected from those

the service, and
castle
men should
who have proved
the
faithful.
Fore
be middle aged seamen, with a few
ordinary seamen and landsmen.
Topmen, young
active seamen, a few ordinary seamen,
landsmen and
After guard, a few elderly seamen, with ordi-
boys.
nary seamen and landsmen.
Waisters, chiefly lands-
men, with a few ordinary seamen

ships,
among
been long in
where
there are
no
be stationed on the fore
in single decked
waisters,
more men should
castle
and in the
after guard,
than there would be in proportion on board of a

line of battle ship, or frigate
watch.
They
idlers are
excused from
are officer's servants, cooks,
<fcc.

Divide each watch into
and second parts,

number the men be-
first
appoint a captain to each part,
longing
to the fore castle,
watch even,
and
having
all
the larboard
and the starboard, odd,

five have the numbers painted on caneach man sew it on his bag and ham-
as two, four, six,
as one, three,
vass,
147
let
mocks, having also for greater distinction, the

board painted
red,
and the starboard
when one watch
should be below alternately, so that

is
lar-
The men
black.
below there should be an equal number on each
side.
In each watch, line of battle ship,
frigate,
and sloop
of war
Fore
castle.
Pore
& Main top.
Mizen
Line of Battle Ship.
Frigate.
Generally about 40 men.
About 30 men.
'
'
40
top.
for the captains of
sight,
About 14 men.
"
30
"
14
"
20
'
12
<i
your guns, seamen
have been long accustomed
good
War.
Station the Crew at Quarters,
269.
Choose
Sloop of
to
and quick motion.
who
them, steady, with
The
boarders should
The firemen and sail trimmers, young

The largest and stoutest men should
man the long guns, the others the carron-
be stout men.
and active men.

be chosen
nades.
to
Be
particular to station
them
as near
where
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
148
they are accustomed to do their duty as possible, in

order to prevent confusion.
Let
all
the
first
part of
the gun's crew be in one watch, and the second part
in the other, so that in the event of going to quarters
the night, the watch on deck can clear
guns, while the watch below clear
away
away
the
ham-
the
mocks.
270.
To a Twelve pound Carronnade
Are stationed four men and one boy.
All the
men
stationed at the long guns of a double decked ship,
should be armed with cutlasses, and called boarders,

the
first
and
of the gun's crew to be called second boarders,
They are only to
" vice versa."
be called
when
required to board, or in case of great emergency, to
and then every man
repel boarders,
will repair to the
upper deek, except the firemen, quarter gunners, and
powder
boys,
who
will
remain below
to protect the
ports, or to assist in extinguishing a fire.
All the
men
stationed at the carronnades should
be boarders and
part should be
sail
trimmers.
armed with
As
boarders, the
pikes, the second part
first
with
small arms, and are to repel the boarders, but not to

quit the ship.
All the
boarders
men
the
stationed of a single decked ship, are

first
part to be
armed with
cutlasses.
149
The
the second part with pikes.
manned,
battery being
distribute the rest of the crew as follows
have a quarter master at the signals when

ron,
topmen and marines
and two men
A quarter
at the relieving tackles,
men
master
stationed
at the passages, to pass full
and empty boxes
others at the shot lockers.
Mast men
ging
clear,
cook and armourer
penter and his mates at the
master
at
arms and
dam-
in the tops, to repair
and act as small arm men.
ages,
in a squad-
also
to see the rig-
at the galley, the car-
pumps and wings,
ship's corporal in the light
the
room,
the gunner, his mates, quarter gunners, and cooper,

in the magazine, the surgeon
cock
and
assistants in the
pit.
Station the
271.
Crew for Mooring and Unmooring.
In stationing the men, place the same number of
men
of each watch to perform a piece of duty.
quarter masters at the signals,

in the chains, at the lookout
Have
when in a squadron,
men at the wheel,
quarter gunners to overhaul the fish and grapple the
buoys,
ropes
men to
overhaul and hook the
also others at
the mast
cat,
attend back
to see the
rigging
clear.
Boatswain's mates in the gangways, carpen-
ters to
ship
and unship capstan
bars, attend stan-
chions, with the music At the capstan
13*
ft^'.^
some fore top-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
150
men to put on nippers, some main topmen to take themofij and boys to carry them forward.
Men to rouse
up and veer away
cable, to attend stoppers
The yeoman
forward the messenger.
and
light
in the store
rooms, master at arms and ship's corporal-on the berth

deck, and cook at the galley.
Tierers in each
and the remainder of the men
Station the
272.
Take
and
are to
the
the
station
man
Men Loosing and
Purling.
same number of men from each watch,
them
at the
same
rope,
their respective yards,
boom jiggers and
out for the main
The topmen
<fcc.
hands are
to attend
tricing lines, fore castle
attend head sails and foresail,
mizen stay
tier,
at the capstan.
main yard men
men
to
to look
guard for the spanker and

main topmast stay sail, the
the main stay sail, the gunner's
sail, after
sail, for
the
sails,
men for
men stationed to sheet home and hoist the topand when coming to anchor the same men to
man
the clewlines, buntlines, and weather braces
fore castle
crew,
and when loosing
sails to dry, to
man
bowlines or
buntlines, in furling, the captains are to be in the bunt.
273.
Station the Creiofor Tacking
Station the
men from
the watch
<?>.^;i
and Veering,
bill,
have hands
boom
at the jib
over jib sheets.
end, to overhaul jib brails and light
On
the bowsprit end to light over
hands on the bumpkins and in the
jib pendants,
chains, to overhaul tacks
On
falls.
and
sheets,
sheets,
sheets, guys,
haul
lifts
and back
stay-
deck, at the wheel, sprit sail braces, jib
sheets, jib brails, braces, bowlines,
and
151
back stay
falls,
lifts,
vang and topping
and
clew garnets, tacks

trusses,
spanker
Aloft to over-
lifts.
trusses, attend outriggers,
backstays abaft and abreast, the mast
and bear the
men
to see the
rigging clear, dec.
274. Station the
Crew for Reefing,
men are stationed as in furling, except the

who are at the earings when the yards are
down, the men from the clewlines and buntlines,
Tiie
captains,
will haul out the reef tackles.
275.
To Mark
At two fathoms, two

fathoms three
strips
the
Lead
strips
Line.
of leather, at three
of leather, at five fathoms a
white rag, at seven fathoms a red rag,
at ten fathoms,
a piece of leather with a hole in
it,
at thirteen the
same
as five, at seven-
as three, at fifteen the
same
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
152
teen the
same
as seven, at twenty fathoms,
and then one knot
To make
276.
Allow twelve fathoms
the
Log
Line.
for stray line,
where
stick in
then at every 47 feet and 6 tenths,
a white rag,
mark
two knots
every ten fathoms.
for
the line
as
at 2,
two knots,
also
at
one
follows, viz., at 1,
every half
leather,
mark
knots, having a
at 3, three
The
knot.
glasses
should
be proved with a good watch, having a second hand.
The
principle
of the log line
same part of a sea
is,
that the knot
mile, that half a
minute
is
is
the
of an
hour, therefore the length of a knot should be one
one hundred and twentieth the length of a sea mile,

or fifty one feet, but as
it is
more convenient
to
have
the knot divided into eight parts, of six feet each, the
proportional reduction
Therefore as
28
4-1
fifty
one
is
feet
necessary in
:
30 seconds
the glass.
:
48
feet
7 seconds, but as the fraction can more easily
be allowed in the line than the glass, another proportion

feet
is
necessary, viz.,
28 seconds
to
47.6
as,
28 4-17 seconds
feet,
48
or the length of a
knot.
277.
Call
all
To Clear Hawse.
hands, " clear hawse," have the starboard
163
watch on "deck, and the larboard watch below

double decked ship.
Lash
the bowsprit, and reeve the clear
through
there
is
in a
a stout single block to
hawse pendant
haul the launch under the bows, or
it,
much
too
hand down
sea on, or she
in a bowline,
around both
cables.
to
and bouse them up
which pass a
stout lashing
If there should be
wind flawey and
on, or the
if
not out, send a
and hook the pendant
the riding cable, below the turn,

clear of the water, after
is
variable,
it
much
sea
would be
well to pass the end of a hawser out of the hawsehole and hitch
it
to the cable
to relieve the lashing,
reeve ropes through blocks on each side of the bowsprit
end, for bowlines,
hawse
and
bowline
hawse
an elbow.
in at the
For ex-
Suppose the starboard was the clearing
ample.
cable,
and pass them
hole, so as to take out
it
was under the
down under
hole,
other, take the larboard
the cable,
up
into the starboard
and the starboard one over to the lar-
board side of the cable, then follow the lead of the

larboard bowline, bend on several fathoms inside
stop along to the
on hawse
hawse
hole,
rope, oif stoppers,
draw
and
bend
hang the
the splice,
and run
out,
bights to the bowsprit, with slip ropes, and send in
the bowlines again, the same

the
end
is
out
f*
cast off"
way
and dip
it
as before,
fair
again to the end of the cable, rouse
when
and bend on
in,
the slip ropes, and splice the cable, haul
slack
it
down
taut with
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
154
a deck tackle,
and
bitt
hawser
stopper, cast off the
unlash the cable, unreeve the clear hawse pendant,
unlash the block from the bowsprit end, clear up

the deck, and pipe down.
278.
there
If
round
is
Note.
turn
and an elbow in
the hawse after rousing the cable, repeat the operation as before,
always well
it is
one elbow
to take out
to
prevent confusion,
a time.
at
has
swung
foul once
around turn
is
is five crosses,
cross
when
the cables lay across each other, or
is
when
the ship
is two crosses, and

around turn and elbow
an elbow
three crosses
can readily be seen thus, in clear-
it
ing hawse with a round turn, a cross will be
left
in
the cables.
279.
To Weigh an Anchor With
the
Launch,
This may be done by underrunning, when the

ship has slipped, or weighing by the buoy rope,
when
the anchor
to be
hove up
Ship the
to
lies in too
shoal water for the ship
it.
roller
on the
stern of the launch, take
strong tackles with a jigger also, and
some good rope
155
end of the cable over the
for stoppers, get the
hook the double block of the tackle

around
man
it
it,
the
roller,
to a strop passed
the single one to a bolt in the bows,
fall,
and as the cable comes
in,
French
and
flake
when the tackle comes two

and fleet, when the cable is up and
along the athwarts,
blocks, stopper
down
clap the jigger
on the
fall
of the tackle, and
down in the water and

stopper securely, send all the men into the bows of
the boat, jump the boat and break ground, then man
the fall again, ofi" stopper and heave up, when the
heave the
ring
is
boat's stern well
above water, pass a short ring stopper, and
haul the buoy on board, when along
side, hook the

and cat the anchor, get the end of the cable unclinched, and passed into the hawse, and haul the
cat,
remainder out of the launch.
280.
To Weigh with a Buoy Rope.
Get the buoy rope over the

and weigh the anchor as
man the- capstan, heave
roller,
before.
clap on a tackle,
When
it is
secured,
the launch in under the
bows
and cat the anchor.
Note. Anchors are sometimes weighed with the

rope, when the cable has parted and the end
buoy
cannot be grappled
may
when this
is
the case, the anchor
be weighed with the launch, brought under ihe
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
166
bows and
unclinched and hove
catted, the cable
or the ship
in,
might be warped over the buoy and the
cat fall taken to the
281.
buoy
rope.
To Take
in a Launch,
Brace and secure the yards, the same as for getting

up the anchors, also rig the same purchases, place
the chocks, pass every thing out of the launch, and
hook the purchases
to spans,
have a couple of hands
man
in the boat to keep her clear of the ship's side,
the yard tackle
falls,
and have a few hands
in the slack of the stay
falls,
to
walk away, and when
when
the boat leaves the water, take out the plug,
high enough
to clear the
waist anchor stock, haul
over the main stay, easing

yards,
when
the stern
forestay, lower
boats
may
launch
is
is
away
the fore and
main
over the deck, haul over the
and place her in the chocks. The other
be got in by the same purchases, the
stowed on the larboard
on the starboard
side,
side, the first cutter
the second cutter inside the
launch, the third cutter inside the

in,
take
first
when
all
are
unrig the purchases, square the yards and set up
the gripes.
The
davits
quarter and stern boats are hoisted up to thr

and secured to them, by stoppers, and the
gripes are set up.
i%^'
YOUNG sailor's assistant.
To Take in Boats
282.
The
sides,
at
157
Both Sides at Once.
yards are kept square and secured on both
by the
lifts,
burtons, and quarter
winding and stay tackles

yard tackles
lifts.
for the lightest ones, the top sail hal-
yards forward and the main pendant tackle

as stays to bring
stays as they
bows of the
boats, afteV
To
topsail, get the
acting
aft
them on board. Come up the
ward back
Note.
Use the
for the heaviest boats, the
would
interfere
which proceed
for-
with the
as before.
take in a boat at sea, back the main
boat to leeward, secure the lower yards
as before directed,
and
hoist her in.
She coming in
to
leeward, tackles will be necessary to get her to wind-
ward
sufficiently to
lower away.
as before,
When
before the
by securing the yards

and taking a hawser from aft, to the stern
wind, a boat might be got
in,
of the boat, to keep her from sending forward
when
she leaves the water, and thereby endangering the

yards.
283.
^^
To Unmoor Ship.
See that tha hawse
is
clear,
and overhaul a range
of the weather cable, get up nippers, pass the messenger,
knock up the slancheons, ship the
gratings,
ship and swifter in the capstan bars, rig the fish

davit,
overhaul cat and
fish,
14
"Call
all
hands un-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
158
moor
ship,"
the wheel,
the bars, brino^ too
taut, off stoppers,
heave
men
have leadsmen in the chains,
man
on the
at
lee cable,
unbit and heave
veer
in,
the weather cable when the lee cable is up

and down, stopper the former, heave up, pall the
When high
capstern, hook the cat and walk away.
away on
enough, surge the messenger, pass cat head

grapple the buoy, hook the
fish,
stopperSj^
walk away
when
high enough, pass shank painter, dip the messenger,

bring too on the other cable, and heave in to the old
service
clear up the decks.
W7ien the Messenger Strands^ or
284.
is likely to
Part,
If the
strain,
messenger
is
likely to part
from the great
stopper immediately, and either pass a
one, or reeve a viol, assisting
it
with cat
fall.
new
Lash
the viol block to the cable near the hause hole, clinch
one end of the hawser
to the
main mast, snatch the
bight to the block and take the other end to the capstarn.
Pass a strop around the cable close
the water, hook the cat to

viol
and cat
fall.
it,
down
to
and heave up by the
If the messenger should strand,
stopper immediately, cut
it,
then knot or splice
it.
Leeward Tide to Get Under Weigh and

Stand Out on a Wind.
285.
Overhaul a range of the cable by which she

get
riding,
anchor ready
the
for
is
letting go,
not
have
hands attending the stoppers, pass the messenger,

gratings, ship
and
swifter the capstan bars, rig the fish davit, reeve
and
knock up the stancheons, ship the

overhaul the cat and
fish. "
Call all hands
have leadsmen in the chains and men
man
bitt
up anchor,"
at the
wheel,
the bars, bring too, heave taut, off stoppers, un-
and heave
"Aloft
in,
sail loosers,"
when
into a small scope, pall.
and loose
all sail,
sheet
home and
by the starboard cable and

it will be most eligible, to
hoist the topsails. If riding
no impediment
cast her
to
port,
on the starboard
tack, as the cable will then
be clear of the cutwater, and the ship being
of her anchor,
ed.
it
to
leeward
can be more easily catted and
If there should be
much
fish-
sea on, this would be
the best plan.
Having determined
overhaul
sail
lifts,
trusses
to cast
on the starboard
and backstay
fiills.
tack,
The foretop-
being put aback by the starboard braces, the
main and mizen by the wind, with the larboard

after braces, heaving around briskly, and before
breakino:
her a sheer with the starboard
DOorround, give
C3
'
helm,
when
up, hoisfthe jib, keeping the
helm a
starboard, until the stern board exceeds the veloQity
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
160
of the
tide,
when
she has fallen
shift
off,
it
and g^rapple the buoy, when
so as to
fill
the after sails,
flow
let
the jib sheet, haul out the spanker, set top gallant
sails
To
and courses, trim the yards and
cast off
sails properly.
on the larboard tack put the helm a
port,
and brace the yards the contrary way.
286.
To Get Under Weigh and Stand Before

the Wind*
Make
preparations
all
heave in and make
and mizen
in,
under weigh,
Lay
to
the side
cant her the right
fore tripping,
board
for getting
as before.
topsails square aback, the fore
aback according
heave
sail
it
is
the
intended to cast,
way with
the
helm be-
and as soon as the velocity of the stern
greater than that of the tide, shift the helm,
is
grapple the buoy, run up the jib as soon as

take, haul aft the
cat
and
main
one sharp
fish the
the helm,
when
head yards, and
anchor, as she gathers head

before the wind, right
brail
up
the studding sails
287. In Getting
will
it,
off
way shift
square the
the jib, set top gallant sails,
royals and foresail, haul taut

falls, set
it
weather jib sheet. While falling
if
lifts,
trusses,
backstay
necessary.
Under Weighs Back Astern,
to
Avoid Danger.
Make
all
preparations, heave in
and make
sail as
161
before. If required to cast
on the starboard
tack, sheer
her with the starboard helm, to bring the wind on

the starboard bow, brace the yards fore afid
aft,
aback
about half up with the larboard braces, haul out the
spanker and keep the boom nearly amidships, heave
up
briskly, grapple the buoy,
chor
is
too, cat
up, put the
and
and
as
soon as the an-
helm hard a weather

anchor, having
fish the
to
keep her
made
sufficient
stern board, shift the helm, brace about the after
up the jib,
when full aft, brace round the head yards, and as she
gathers head way, right the helm and make sail. To
yards, ease off the spanker sheet and run
cast
on the larboard
helm, and brace
all
tack, sheer her with the port
sharp aback and proceed as be-
fore.
288. Get
It
Under Weighs a Shoal on Each Beam.
becomes necessary
possible, to
to
proceed to sea, and
weather either of those abeam
room to pass between a shoal

of those abeam {blowiiig fresh.)
is
just
astern
is
im-
but there
and
either
Pass the stream cable out of one of the quarter

ports,
bend on one end
to
other to the topsail sheet

cable,
bend a
slip
buoy
See the stoppers clear
the cable
bitts,
to
it,
draw
and secure the

the splice of the
and heave
it
overboard.
for slipping, stop the topsails to
14*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
162
the yards with spun yarn, casting off the gaskets,

loose the courses, jib
man
topsail yards,
with the helm,
the cable,
keep
and spanker, mast head the
the jib halyards, shear her from
fast the
when she heads

courses,
let
and other
home
sails
stream cable,
the top-ails,
necessary,
if
jib,
her swing round
for the passage, slip the
the helm, sheet
right
and run up the
slip
stream cable, and
set the
then stand
through the passage.
289. Get
Under Weighs at Anchor in a Narrow

^
Channel,
At anchor
in a
narrow channel and riding
to
strong leeward tide and blowing fresh, a ship astern
and one on each
room
to
sea,
and
the
two
Make
heave
if
quarter, so near that there
veer after casting,

to
it
is
is
not
necessary to go to
do so a passage must be
effected
between
ships.
all
in
preparations for getting under weigh and

as described
loose
before,
the topsails,
riding by the starboard cable give her a rank sheer
with the starboard helm,
set
up the
stays, bear aft the larboard ones,

trusses, haul out the spanker,
run
and haul
aft
overhaul
lifts
and
and get the boom over on
the larboard quarter, lead along

the jib up,
starboard back-
main tack and
sheet,
the weather sheet, heave
163
round
cheerily,
as soon as she
the
main tack
rim the anchor up, grapple the buoy
meet her with the helm, board
fills,
to catch her,
sheets, set the foresail

lines,
and stand on as
Note.
manner,
if
trim the jib and spanker
and trim sharp, haul the bowfar as necessar3^
great deal of uncertainty attends this
there
is
room
it
lay the head yards aback.
would be the
It is
best plan to
confidently asserted,
by old experienced seamen, that the above method
is
perfectly practicable.
290.
Head
Make
all
to
Wind. Cast on Larboard Tack.
preparations, heave in
sheer her
before,
with
port
and make
sail as
helm, brace the
head yards, sharp ujvwith the larboard braces, and

counter brace the after ones, haul out the spanker
and get the boom on the starboard
quarter, heave in,
break ground, get the buoy, up
as soon as
tate, shift the helm,
velocity of the tide,
the spanker,
anchor, haul
let
aft
it
will
the sternboard exceeds the
the after sails are
full,
trim
flow the jib sheet, cat and fish the

the jib sheet, brace
yards,
and make
291.
Windward
Make
when
when
jib,
round the head
sail.
Tide, Get Under Weigh and

Stand Before the Wind.
all
preparation for getting under weigh,
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
164
heave
sail
the
in, loose
run the
jib up, cat
up anchor, grapple the buoy,
jib,
and
fish
the anchor, and
make
with expedition.
If it was necessary to have the ship under

command, and as might be the case in a narrow channel or crowded harbour, it would be better
Note.
greater
to
proceed as follows, heave in
to a short stay, loose
the courses, topsails, jib and spanker, if riding by the
starboard cable, sheer her with the starboard helm,
and bring the wind on the larboard quarter, brace

the yards too,
by
the larboard braces, and keep
them
shivering by the helm, heave up, fill the after yards and
square the head ones, haul

tack, cat
and
fish the
aft jib sheet
anchor,
on starboard
up helm,
fill
the head
yards, shiver the after ones, get her before the wind,
and make
292.
sail.
To Get Under Weighy and Stand Out on a

Wind.
Make
loose jib
all
preparations,
commence heaving
spanker boom on the right quarter, and the helm

the side which
it
is
intended
to cast,
the
wind
gets abeam,
run up the
her with the helm, cat and
fish the
to
heave up, get
the buoy, haul out the spanker as soon as
when
in,
and spanker, top up and bear over the
it
will take,
jib
and meet
anchor
loose,
YOUNG sailor's ASSISTANT,

sheet home, and
by
jxnd
make
165
the topsails, brace up, bring
Iioist
sail.
Riding Head to Tide, Wind 07i the iStarboard Quart er, to Get Under Weigh on the
293.
Starboard Tack.
Make all preparations, heave short, loose sails,

home and hoist the lop sails, bracing them too
sheet
with the starboard braces
keep them shivering by the
and helm, heave around,
assistance of the topsails
break ground, put the helm a starboard, brace

the head yards, run
to port,
up
the
jib,
and
let
full
her pay round
heave up the anchor, and grapple the buoy,
haul out the spanker, as soon as
it
will take, shift
over the head sheets, and square the head yards,

trim
cat
aft
and
the jib sheet,

fish the
and meet her with the helm,
anchor and make
Wind
To Get Under Weighs
294.
sail.
Across the
Tide.
To
get under weigh, ebb tide,
tions, loose, sheet
up
the fore
yard
and mizen top
to the mast.
wheel, so as
to
make
home, and hoist the

sails,
all
prepara-
topsails,
brace
and lay the main
Give her a spoke or two of
take the
main
lea
topsail well abacki
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
166
heave the anchor up, cat and

buoy, at the same time
The
either tack or veer.
fill
evolution
is
determined by
more room
to
wind-
or to leeward.
To Get Under Weigh Flood
295.
Proceed as before until the anchor

fished,
then hoist the
the
main
sail
may
is
Tide.
catted
and
haul out the spanker,
jib,
fill
and stand out making whatever
topsail,
be judged necessary.
To Back and
296.
This manoeuvre
to
grapple the
a convenient place, then
to
the circumstance of there being
ward
it,
the jib and spanker,
set
main yard, stand on
the
fish
proceed up or
wind, which
is
is
only executed
down
it,
method
the latter
when
is
Way.
when
a ship
is
a rapid river against the
supposed
done by two methods,

or broadside to
Fill in a Tide
viz.,
to
be light and
may
be
driving before the wind
the channel
preferable,
is
broad enough,
as the ship will be
more under the command of her helm.
297.
This
is
To Drive Before
the
Wind.
only done in a very narrow channel,
167
heave up the anchor, and get her before the wind,
with just
under
sail
enough to keep her so. Suppose her,

and as she drops With the tide it be-
topsails,
comes necessary
low a ship
if
for
to pass
her to remain stationary, to
her stern, set top gallant
required to shoot ahead, drop the fore
al-
and
sails,
sail, if to
avoid a rock or ship astern, put the helm
down, haul out the spanker, brace up, haul
up or
aft
the
jib sheet, as
she comes too; shoot across until clear
of danger,
when put
spanker and shiver the

the
wind
brail
up
helm up,
the
after yards,
the jib.
brail
up the
and when before
If in standing across she
should get too near the shore, get her on the other
tack,
by waring or box hauling.
298.
To Drive Broadside
Too.
Get under weigh, bring her by the wind under

the
jib,
when
brail
topsails
filled
and spanker, shiver the
stand on to the middle of the channel,
up the jib and spanker,
ation until she falls off

to
her greater immersion
spanker, and
;
if
if this
she
is
if
her
aft
drift in this situ-
will soon do,
owing
than forward, which
windward, haul out the
insufficient,
still falls off,
square aback, and
let
which she
will drift her stern farther to
topsail
topsails,
back the mizen
back the main
also,
both
she should get a stern board, put
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
168
the
helm hard a weather, should she come
shiver the topsails, and brail
her
too again,
the spanker, letting
drift as before.
To Secure
299.
Take
shot,
the
Ship for Sea.
the departure, give the course, and
beat to quarters,
sail,
the
up
examine the magazine,
and secure the guns, see that
guns
the bows,
load,
the gear of
all
ready for service and secured,
is
shot boxes, rack, and wadnets^
make
fill
the
get the anchors on
and lash them, unbend the cable and buoy
ropesj if clear
and dry, pay them below.
Also, the
messengers, hawsers, stoppers, nippers and cable

mats, put in the bucklers, unreeve cat and
fish, coil
them away below. Get chafing mats on the yards,

and rigging, see the booms and boats secured,
pumps ready
lins
for
working, the gratings and tarpau-
Overhaul the storm stay
ready for putting on.
sail gear, see
every thing ready for service and stow
it
below again.
300.
The
tackle
To Stow
the
Anchor for Sea.
anchors being catted and
on them and
cat
fislied,
clap a stout
head stoppers, pass a good
169
lashing through the ring, and over the cathead ex-
Hook
pend the stopper the same way.
the pendant
tackle to a strop around the shank, weigh the
and bowse the fluke
into the bill port
crown
by a thwart-
ship tackle, having another tackle clapt on the
of the anchor stock,
which
is
uppermost, getting
as close to the side as the stock will permit
head, unbend the cable and buoy
it
pass
shank lashings also around the stock and
stout
end
cat-
rope.
Note. The waist anchors are securely stowed,
when they
are
first
To make
301.
Call
man
all
got on board.
/Sail
when Getting Under weigh.
hands, loose
lay aloft sail loosers,
sails,
boom tricing lines, trice up, lay out, loose

away, clear away the rigging, man the topsail sheets
the
and halyards, keep
fast the
buntlines and leech lines
when ready, let fall and sheet home,

down, down booms when the men are
of the courses,
lay
in,
lay
off the yards, light
the braces, hoist
up the rigging
away the topsails
in the tops, attend

;
when taut,
belay the halyards,
man
the weather ones.
Bear the lee back stays
weather ones abreast, and

the outrigger.
leech,
the lee braces and attend
set
Overhaul the
15
them up, and
lifts
and
abaft,
rig out
trusses, attend
170
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
'
and brace up, when up, haul taut wea-
the bowlines
ther braces,
To
802.
lifts
set
and
trusses, steady out the bowlines,
Top-gallant Sails, Blowing Fresh*
Point the yards to the wind, and loose the
home
sheet
to
leeward
having a hand
and then
first
to
sails,
windward,
to leeward, to light the foot over the
topmast stay, hoist away, trim the yards, haul the

bowlines.
Note. In setting top-gallant

topsails, see that the sheets are
303.
Man
To
the fore
sails
over single reefed
home
square alike.
set Courses, {Moderate.)
and main tacks and
sheets, attend
the rigging, have hands on the lower yards, to over-
haul
it,
lower
haul aboard, check the top bowlines, weather
lifts'a little
of the lee [main brace, avast the
sheets, get the tacks close
the sheets, haul taut the
down, and then haul at
main
brace,
lifts,
trusses, ant
bowlines.
304.
Man
To
set Courses,
{Blowing Fresh.)
well the sheets, overhaul the leech lines and
the lee buntlines, ease
down
the lee clew garnet, slack
171
top bowlines, lower
lifts,
and
lee
main
braces, get the
tacks close on board, haul aft the sheets, haul
the lee main brace, weather
and haul
taut
your rolling
To
305.
lifts
tf.ut
and bowlines,- hook
tackle.
set the
Top up the boom, overhaul
Spanker.
lee topping
lifts,
attend
the sheets and weather guy, haul over the lee
guy
and trim the boom, man the outhaul and attend the
brails and vangs, let go the brails, haul out and trim
the gaif by the vangs.
To
306.
Cant the
spritsail
set the Jib,
yard to steady the boom,
the halyards and sheet, see the
down haul and
man
brails
clear, take in the slack of the sheet to steady the sail,
hoist
away, and as the
when taut
307.
life
yard
goes up ease off the sheet
up, haul aft the sheet.
J5y the Wind^
Silence fore and

the
sail
aft,
a mail falls
hard
down
the helm, cut
buoy, haul up the main
to the mast, let flow the
overboard.
head
sail,
away
lay the main
sheets, clear
away
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
172
the lee quarter boat,
up
foresail
and top-gallant
wait for the return of the boat, hoist her up,
and make
sails,
away
sail.
To
308.
Get the
fill
set
a Lower Studding
Sail.
athwartships the fore castle, overhaul
sail
the gear, haul taut the fore brace, topmast studding

sail
Man
boom
brace, burton trusses
the lower
boom topping
and rolling
tackle.
forward guy,
lifts,
at-
tend the after one, rig out and trim the lower boom,
man
the halyards
and outhaul,
hoist away, break
stops or haul out the toggle, haul out the tack close,
hoist the outer Halyards, taut up, then the inner ones,
trim
down
Note.
the sheet.
The weather
ones forward,
set abaft, the lee
them from
aft
away, gather
studding
when
forward, send a
in,
sails
are always
required to shift
hand
aloft,
lower
and get hold of the outer leach, cant
the yard, clear, up topmast, or top-gallant studding

sail.
To take in Top-gallant Sails
309.
Man
to furl
top-gallant clewlines, lay aloft
the
sail,
and halyards
and stand by
attend the braces, bowlines, sheets,
round in the weather braces, ease
173
and halyards, lower away, ease
away
away
the lee sheet
lines,
steady the yard, lay out and furl the
the weather sheet, clew up, haul
To take
310.
Man
the
in a
up the buntsail.
Topmast Studding
downhaul, deck
sheet,
Sail,
and boom
jigger,
attend the halyards, tack and short sheet, have meri
on the yard
to light in the
boom, ease away the hal-
yards and short sheet, haul

tack block, ease
away
down
by the deck sheet and downhaul,

secure
it,
unhook
311.
Call
lines
all
boom, and
and unbend the
reef Topsails
hands, reef topsails,
in the sail
rig in the
gear.
and Courses.
man
the topsail clew-
and buntlines, weather braces and downhaul
tackles,
and
To
th^ burton,
the yard to the
and haul
the tack
have hands
lee braces, clear
to attend the halyards, bowlines,
away the
bowlines, round in the
weather braces, ease away the topsail halyards, clew
down, haul up the buntlines and out reef tackles;

haul taut the halyards again.
sails,
lay aloft topmen,
taking in the
first
Luff
to,
shake the top-
man the boom tricing
reef the band
is
the yard, the earing passed from forward
forward points should be well

15*
taut.
lines.
In
hauled well up on
aft,
and the
The second
reef
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
174
band comes below the

second
and the third below the
first,
same manner.
the earings passed in the
The close
reefed
band comes
this earing is passed
from
directly
aft to
under the yard
forward, and the after
points are hauled well taut, before knotting, light
over
windward, take two outer turns with the
to
earing, then
expend the end through the thimble
and over the yard
earing and take care
light over to leeward, pass

to tie
gallant sheets. In close reefing
it is
necessary to start
the sheets, in order to get earings close out.
down booms,
lay
down from
aloft,
Lay in,
men
excepting the
stationed to overhaul the reef tackles,
and
light the
Let go, and overhaul the reef tackles
rigging up.
and
your
the points clear of the top-
buntlinCs, lead along the topsail halyards, attend
the braces and hoist
them
away
take care not to hoist
so taut as to endanger the yards.
trim the
sails,
When
up,
and haul the bowlines, hook and haul
taut the rolling tackles.
Haul up
tons to
hook top burthe reef pendants, and haul them taut, slackthe courses, overhaul and
ing the leech lines and clew garnets, and haul taut
the
lifts
and
lower
aloft
trice up, lay
braces, trusses
and
rolling tackles.
Lay
yard men, man the boom jiggers^

out and reef. The earings and points
are passed like those of a topsail, observing to pass
the latter clear of the topsail sheets.

reef
is
generally taken with a line
The
second
the points taken

out of the
that purpose
for
sail
the line
down booms, and
hook the burtons, and
lay
set
is
cut in
when reefed,
down from aloft un-
four pieces, which are used as a lacing

lay in,
175
up
the courses, clew
up
and pipe down.
To
Note.
shake the
sail
reef
;
when going
to
close reef,
large, luff to so as to
clew up.
(See reef
lines for topsails.)
To Reef
312.
Topsails^ in Stays.
Call all hands to tack ship, send aloft one watch
of Topmen, and see the remainder properly station-
down
helm and haul over the spanker

too, overhaul the lifts and trusses
Helm's a lee," ease off the
and when hard down,
jib, and if necessary the fore sheets, w^hen the leeches
ed, ease
sheet, as she
the
comes
''
rise tacks and sheets

;
overand bear abaft the weather back stays, when
of the courses shake

haul,
the
wind
is
about a point on the weather bow, stand
by the main and mizen topsail halyards, (main sail

hawl,) let go the main and mizen topsail halyards,
them up too much, let the

men from the clew garnets and braces, haul out the
reef tackles, and up buntlines, trice up, lay out and
reef, set up the after breast backstays, and man the
and take care not
to brace
head braces, when head
to
wind, brail up the
jib,
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
176
cant the spritsail yard, bear over the spanker boom,
and haul
when
the jib sheet, as soon as
aft
it
she gets sternboard, shift the helm
spanker and mainsail are

sail halyards,
(let
yards, and let the
full,
men from
the jib brails and fore
topsail are reefed,
booms and overhaul
tackle,
and up bunt-
up
main and
lay ou^ and reef, set
As soon
the forward back stays.
let the^
as the
men
lay
in,
down
man
the rigging, lead along and
the halyards, attend the braces, hoist

the topsails by the braces,
off,
the
go and haul) ease away the hal-
lines, avast bracing, trice up,
falling
when
stand by the fore top-
clew garnets, haul out the reef
mizen
will take
which
away and
trim
will catch her, if
as soon as the fore top sail
is
reefed^
send
men down, brace up the fore yard, lead along,

and man the top sail halyards, hoist and trim the
the
sail,
trim
lifts,
trusses,
all
sharp, haul the bowlines, haul taut the
and rolling
tackles.
Clear
up and
pipe
down.
313.
To Part a Weather Topsail Brace Reefing.
Haul the
lee reef tackle
close out so as to tauten
the leech, haul forward on the lee top bowline, clear
away
the weather one, the lee braces and trusses,
and round
is
in
on the weather brace ; when the yard
clear of the topmast rigging avast hauling
reve preventer braces immediately.
and
177
The
Note.
burton might be hooked from the
weather yard arm to the
after part
of the top to wind-
ward.
314 To Part a Topsail Parrel

Haul
taut the braces,
and pass
it
around the topmast, and the strops of the
tye blocks, heaving
315.
take a piece of stout rope,
To Take
Steady well the
it
taut, pass
new
parrel.
in a Close Reefed Topsail.
topsail
and lower yards, rounding
in the weather topsail brace as
much
as possible,
man
the clewlines and buntlines, attend the sheets and
clew up the lee sheet, and haul up the
bowlines,
buntline, if to save the yard, haul
point the yard
to the
out and furl the
Note. The
a topsail
is
up
to leeward, first
wind, and steady
it
again, lay
sail.
sail is
not clewed down, because
close reefed the yard
is
when
barely clear of
the cap.
316.
To Take
in a Course.
Steady the yard as securely as possible,
man
the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
178
away
clew garnets, buntlines, and leech
lines, ease
the tack and bowlines, haul
windward, ease
up
to
off the sheet, haul up, get the sail close to the
and
furl
317.
Man
yard
it.
well
To Take
the brails
in a Spanker.
and weather vang, attend
the outhaul and lee vang, ease
away
the outhaul,
haul over on the weather vang, brail up
to
leeward,
ease off the sheet, haul taut the weather brails, pass
the foot gaskets, steady the gaff and
crutch the
boom.
318.
Man
let
To Take
the downhaul, attend the halyards and sheet,
go the halyards, ease
haul
in a Jib.
off the sheet
handsomely,
down and stow it.
319.
To Set a
Point the yard
yard a
little
Close Reefed Topsail.
to the
wind, and brace the lower
sharper than the topsail yard
sheets, attend the buntlines,
and loose the
haul the
down
lee buntline,
ease
man
sail,
lee clewlines,
the
over-
and
TOUNG sailor's ASSISTANT.

haul
home
the lee sheet, ease off the weather bunt-
the
same time slack down the weather clew-
line, at
line,
up
1/9
and haul home the weather
clear of the cap, brace up,
sheet, hoist the
yard
and haul the bowline,
steady the lower and topsail yards, with braces and

rolling tackles.
The
320.
Mind
Jib Splits.
the weather helm, haul the sail
down, and
hoist the fore topmast stay sail, hitch the
around the body of the

it,
sail,
downhaul
also pass stops
around
take the end of a rope from the fore castle and
bend
it
on
to
haul in by.
Turn out
a line on to the end and unreeve

halyards, ease off the
the jib stays, bend

it,
haul taut the
downhaul and haul
overhaul, and bend a
new
in,
get up,
one, seize on the sheet,
bend on the halyards, and downhaul, stop the
sail,
haul out by the downhaul and halyards, reeve tha

jib stay, turn
and reeve the

stay
in,
it
set
it
up, pass the tack lashing,
brails, set the jib
and haul down tha
sail.
321.
Clew
Close Reefed Topsail iSplits.
the sail
up and steady the yard,
cast off
some
of the rope bands, so as to pass stops around the sail
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
180
to secure
it,
unbend the
sheets,
buntlines, unreeve lee clewline
the weather buntline round the

lee earing fast to the buntline,
around the
strop
bowlmes and
and reef tackle,

sail,
and make the
hook a burton
cast off all the rope
sail,
lee
fetch
to
bands and
lower away, ease away the weather earing and lower
away
haul
the sail on deck, stretch the

it,
then reef the
sail at
new
the foot,
sail,
over-
commencing
at
the close reef, and taking each of the three lower

reefs separately,
as ^described
then bight
it
down and send
before, observing to use the
topsail halyards, reeve
it
aloft
weather
and bend the gear, stopping
the head of the sail to the buntlines, have yard jiggers hooked to bring the
sail
to the yard, pass the
earings and rope bands, also in the
bring the
first
reef,
haul up the
after
which
sail,
Haul up the
around
then bring the reef to the yard,
seitthe sail as before.
322.
stops
same manner,
the yard, cast out the fourth
reef to
it,
Course
^Splits.
few rope bands to pass

unbend the leech lines, slablines and
sail,
cast off a
bowlines, cast off the lee earing and

the lee buntlines, lower
away
make
it fast to
the clue garnets,
and
buntlines, ease off the weather earing, and lower on

deck,
unbend the
181
bnntlines, unlash the tack, sheet
and clew garnet blocks, overhaul the new

on the blocks and bend
the sail to keep
home, then bring
it
it
to the
with yard jiggers and bnntlines as in No, 173

the sail
bent, cast off the stops
is
To Bend a New Course^
323.
is
Overhaul the new
lash
sail,
the gear, pass stops around
all
and
set
yard,
when
it.
before the
Old one
Unbent.
athwart the deck, stopper
sail
the clews of the old one,
un reeve
all
the gear excep
the clew garnets, bend the gear to the
new
the head to the buntlines, hook yard
and clew
gers, send
men on
one, stop
jig
the yard to cast off every other
rope band, and unreeve the head earings, out of their
making them
respective strops,
sway up
jt to
the
no other
up
new
the yard,
around the yard,
forward of the old one, bring
and bend
it
the same, as if there
bent, overhaul the rigging
the old one,
down by
sail,
fast
cast off the rope
and
set
were
it,
haul
bands and send
the burtons or top gallant yard rope
it
and
clew garnets, unreeve the clew garnets, and reeve
them
to the
new
sail,
pass the remainder of the rope
bands.
Note. This plan might be of advantage, when

chase,
whenlhe
sail
has been riddled with shot.
16
in
Li
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
182
lowering either a
topsail, or
yard or mast rope
is
a course, the top gallant
making
useful,
fast
it
round the
bunt.
324.
The
ship
To
tSecure the
Guns for a
Gale.
when the
The main deck guns should
lower deck guns were secured,
first
got to sea.
be run in and secured in the same manner, then put

in the upper half ports
and port bucklers, particular
care should be taken not to

the great object of housing
wood
guns
the tompions, as
rs to
take the strain
off the side of the ship.
To
secure a carronade, run in and put the hous-
ing chock
tackles,
in,
forward of the gun, haul taut the side
and rack the
falls,
hook the
train
tackle
around the breech as before, pass the breast lashing,
and secure the equipments of the gun.
325.
The Breeching Bolts begin
Reeve hawsers
lash them
fore
and
aft,
set
to
Draw,
them well
taut,
to the pomelions of the guns, then frap
them between every two guns, with

to the fighting bolts.
stout lashings
183
A Gun
326.
Breaks Adrift.
Chock it with hammocks, and lash it

manner possible, get to its own port the
tunity, reeve a
327.
new
in the best
first
oppor-
breeching, train and side tackles.
To Send down Top Gallant Yards.
Call all hands
down
the top gallant tye,
top gallant yards, unhook

hook or lash the jack block to it,
reeve top gallant yard rope, bend
it
on
to the slings
of the yard, and two thirds out to leeward, unbend

all
the gear, bend on the tripping line and send
down
to
windward,
yard rope, and

weather
lift,
lee
trice
lift,
haul in a
up
it
the
and
of the weather braces, to
and when
away," bousing on the
man
attend the lee braces
little
clear the topsail yard,
the jack block,
lee
lift,
all
ready, "
and casting
sway
off the
Parrel lashing, at the same time unrig the yard arms,
lower away and stop the yard amidships on depk,

stop the gear,
sway
in,
trice
and round up top gallant yard
328.
Hook
down
the jack block,
ropes.
To House Top Gallant Masts.
top blocks, and reeve the short mast rope,
hook mast burtons, and man the
falls,
attend the
-Hi
;
^
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
184
lanyards of the rigging and stays, slack a -few inches,
sway away and
take out the
fids,
and lower, haul-
down on the back stay, and fore and aft stays,

when low enough take a tarn with the falls, pass
ing
heel lashings through the fid hole,
and around the
topmast, having old canvass in the wake, stop in the

rigging, sheepshank
the backstays,
slack of the fore and aft stays.
down on
be sent
the mast rope,
in the
deck, the long mast ropes are to be
and the burton hooked
rove,
and take
If the masts are to
sway
up, out
to
fid,
a lizard, dogged up
and lower as before
bend on and send down a heel rope as a guy, rack

both parts of the mast rope together, hitch
it
around
the top gallant mast head and mast rope, take a turn
with the mast rope on deck, come up the burton
unhook
and take
it
ping stops around the mast rope and pole as
down, stow
mast rope.
it
Jib
to
goes
Lash the cylinder and royal rigging

it
to
in below, take in the slack of
and sheepshank the back
On a Lee
329.
it
amidships, on deck, and round up the
the topmast cap, stop

the stays,
fall,
lower away, clap-
off the lizard,
stays.
Under Top Gallant Sails

Courses and Spanker the Wind increases
Shore
a three reefed Topsail breeze.
Take
in the top gallant sails, jib
and spanker,
hoist-
185
sails at the same

Clew down the fore and mizen topsails, take
Clew the main down,
in three reefs and set them.
reef and set it. The gradual redaction is made to
ing the fore topmast and mizen stay
time.
keep
way on
the ship constantly.
To Tack &hip Under Doubk Reefed Top-
330.
sails.
Call " all hands about ship," and station

perly.
Watch for a smooth,

down the jib, haul
helm, haul
as she
sheet,
comes
"helm's a
too,
keeping the tack
when
the sea,
main tack and
fast to
them
down
time, ease
aft the
pro-
the
spanker sheet,
lee," ease oflf
the fore
help her round against
the leeches of the courses

sheet, overhaul
lifts
and
lift,
rise
trusses,
and
bear abaft the breast back stays, the wind nearly

" Mainsail haul," set
ahead.
stay
fails,
up
the after breast back
brace sharp up the after yards, haul the
bowlines, shift over the jib sheet, cant the spritsail
up
yard, run
the jib as soon as
shift the
helm,
after sails
fill,
<'
rise
let
it
When
over the spanker boom.
fore tack
will take,
and bear
she gets sternway
and
sheet,
when
the
go and haul." Haul forward fore
tack and fore top bowline, set up the forward breast
back
stays,
as she
and
comes
to
if
she
falls
rapidly
off,
avast bracing
meet her with the helm, brace up,

16*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
186
gather
lifts,
aft,
brace the yards, haul taut weather braces,
trusses, rolling tackles
and bowlines, clear up
and pipe down.
Note. The head yards are not braced

der to preserve the ship's headway
to
In or-
in.
enable her to
pass the direction of the wind in light breezes, and a
smooth
sea,
331.
As
bracing in
is
an advantage.
Missing Stays^
this is
to
only done on a
range of the cable, bend and
Club-haul Her.
lee shore,
bitt
it,
rouse up a
have hands by
the lee anchor, and others standing by to cut or slip

the cable, ease
tacking, if she
down the helm and proceed as in

makes a stand before bringing the
wind ahead, she will fall off again, therefore let go

the anchor, and haul the mainsail, when the main
tack
is
down
shift the
being sure of the
helm, for a sternboard, and
cast, cut or slip the cable
the jib up, as soon as
it
will take,
when
and run
full abaft,
haul the head yards, &c.
Note.
ports,
may
hawser from one of the
lee
quarter
be bent to the cable or anchor, which be-
ing boused upon, will act as a spring to bring her

stern to windward.
187
To
332.
he on
sails^ reefed
it is
a Lee Shore under

Courses^
necessary
close reefed
Top-
and Fore Storm Stay
Sail^
reduce
to
sail.
ship in this situation, should have her preventer
braces, tacks, sheets,
Hfts,
in
rove so that the yards
and
furl the close reefed
pointing the yards to the wind, endeavour to
topsails,
claw
and
Take
are well steadied.
under reefed courses, and fore storm stay
off
sail.
Note.
A ship
can be
much
nearer the wind, un-
der her courses alone, than she can
if
she has close
reefed topsails over them, since the latter cannot be
braced, so as to bring the
beam.
much
so
wind much forward of the
Another advantage
is,
that the courses being
nearer the centre of gravity, do not bury her
much.
333.
Sfiip
071
Shore what
J
to do.
Out boats and spare spars, with which construct

carry out and place the anchor for heaving ofl.
Send down the light spars, yards, and topmasts, rig
in jib boom, get out all the stores and provisions, and
rafts,
place
them on
the rafts
which are anchored by kedges.
Start all the water, and bend
and heave' them overboard;
buoy ropes
if
to the
the tide falls
guns,
much
before the preparations can be made, get shoars out
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
188
Break out the hold, lash the
keep her upright.
to
and stow
casks, under the bottom, get out kentledge

it
on the
rafts.
At high water, heave her
Moor her
came on.
weigh the guns.
Note. It would be
off the
same way she

and
securely, stow the hold
advisable to
unhang
the rud-
der.
Precautionsfor Scudding.
334.
Scudding should be performed under
as
little sail
as possible, so that in the event of broaching too, or
being brought by the
The
covered.
sails
lee,
she can be more easily
scudded, are a closed reefed topsail, fore
storm stay
sail.
The
to the lee fore tack,
filling the fore sail.
and
sail,
fore
relieving tackles should be
hooked, and hands stationed by them.
hooked
re-
under which ships are generally
When
would be of
tackle
service in
brought by the
lee,
the
yards should be well steadied, and breast back stays

well rigged out, the braces and bowlines,
trusses, rolling tackle,
and backstay
clear for bracing around.

lines,
the
The
falls,
x^
and
clew garnets, clew-
and buntlines, lead along ready
sails.
lifts
should be
for
hauling up
189
335.
iShip
Broaches
Meet her with the helm, and
lee
necessary, shiver the after yards
come
too,
and the
sails
should get too
much
up
and pay her
the fore sail
head braces,
should she
if
still
taken aback, brace about the
head yards, and use the helm
stay
too.
if
necessary,
sternboard, in falling
if
off,
off with the fore
she
haul
storm
the after yards as soon as possible, to
sail, fill
gather headway, and

ciently, brace
when she has
fallen off suffi-
about the head yards, and trim as be-
fore.
Brought by
336.
the Lee,
which probably will be the

helm a-weather, but if she has sternway
If she has headway,

case, put the
put
a-lee.
it
Man
the braces and fore clew garnets,
brace about the head yards, and keep the others

barely full
yards,
main
when
before the
and bring her
topsail will
to
wind square the head
her course again.
not brace about readily,
If the
let fly
the
weather sheet and clew up, the wind acting on the
dew
only, will bring the yard round,
ther sheet
may
be hauled
home
when
the wea-
again.
Note. A ship might be said to be brought by the

when struck aback by a change of wind. Use
the helm for headway or sternway as before, brace
lee,
190
round the
after
yards,
This
head ones.
not thought as well
and when they are
full,
the
the principle of tacking, but
is
when scudding
ship might get too rapid sternway, which
dangerous in a heavy
As the
sea.
is
in a gale, as the
would be
object is to
preserve the headway, the yards are braced round as
soon as possible.
and
it
If
scudding under the main topsail
becomes necessary
to
reduce
sail,
take in the
main being nearer the centre of

gravity, has less~tendency to bury the ship, and she is
consequently more easily steered. In scudding under
main topsail and foresail
the ship is to be brought
fore topsail, for the
Should she have a tendency
by the wind.
keep the
foresail,
foresail
and
on her, but
set the fore
head yards, then the

time,
to gripe,
otherwise, take in the
if
storm stay
after ones,
sail,
watch
brace
for
and ease down the helm, taking care
her in due season.
The
head yards before
luffing
up
the
a smooth
to
meet
reason for bracing up the

is,
in scudding, the ship
has a rapid headway, and will mind the helm very

quickly
moreover, the sea acting with violence on
the quarter, will throw her
that,
up
into the wind,
and un-
head yards are braced up so as
to
prevent
she will be in the same situation as
if
she had
less the
broached
too.
337.
To Heave
the
Ship
too.
Having determined from the known quality of the

191
ship,
what
would be
sails
best to heave to
bring by the wind as in the last question.

to lay too
under a main
haul up and furl the

sail
if
The helm
Note.
going
foresail,
and main
It is best to
sails,
topsail at the
same
time.
kept a lee whilst laying too.
is
as the ship
she would be
if
bring by the wind under the

is
more under command than
they were furled.
To Veer Ship, under close reefed Main Topsail and Storm Stay Sails.
338.
Call
lifts,
If
when by the wind,

down fore storm stay
topsail
under the lower stay sails, hoist them, taking
in the fore sail
square
under
all
hands
trusses,
yard and
" veer ship,"
and
station them,
have
and rolling tackles attended, so that the
may
topmast
be well supported in the
heavy rolling which they are
likely to experience.
Haul down the mizen storm-stay sail and when she

falls off, up helm, ease off the main storm stay-sail
sheet, and brace in the main yard and cross jackyard, at the same time taking care to keep the mala
top sail full, to preserve the head way, and to keep
her a-head of the
when
the
wind
main storm
is
sea, also
to
keep
it
from
splitting,
on the quarter, haul down the
staysail,
and
shift
yards, shift over the fore
over the sheet,
when
helm and square the head

storm staysail sheet, watch
before the wind, right the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
192
for a
smooth time
down
mizen storm staysail when
to bring
helm, and hoist the
her
to,
ease
the
the
wind is on the quarter brace up the yards, hoist the

main storm staysail, haul aft the fore storm stay sail
sheet, meet her with the helm, trim the sails and
haul the main top bowline.
To Veer under a Mainsail.
339.
Make fast a hawser to the slings of the main yard,

it down forward of the sail, haul it well taut and
take
belay
it
station
to the topsail sheet bitts.
them
all
hands and
as in the last case, take advantage of her
falling off to put

sheet,
Call
and gather
the
helm up.
Ease
off the
main
in the lee tack, using the yards as
in ordinary cases.
Should she not go
off,
send
down
the cross jack yard, and mizen topsail yard, house

the topmast
and get a drag over the
which proceed
lee quarter, after
as before, in bracing the yards,
and
bring by the wind.
340.
To Veer under Bare
Poles.
Send down the after yards and mizen topmast, get

a span on the mizen topmast, and bend a hawser to
Send men in the weather fore rigging
it in board.
with tarpaulins, up helm and make use of the yards
^^
193
If she should not go
as usual.
mast as a
last resort,
off,
cut
and veer away the hawser and
use the mjzen top-mast as a drag to
To Cut away
341.
away the mizen
assist in
wearing.
the Masts,
away all the running rigging attached to the

away the lanyards of the lee rigging, then
Clear
mast, cut
the lanyards of the stays
Laying Too under Lower Stay
342.
it
topsail
does not blow too fresh, the close reefed main
may
be
set,
as
some
lofty sail is necessary, to
prevent the ship from being pooped

as in No. 340. If she should not go
rouTt^ ^.^ bunt of the
goosewing.
foresail,
Should she
still
If they
have no
then proceed
off,
clap a lashing
and
set the
not go
the after yards and mizen topmast,
them.
Sails, Veer
Ship,
-;
If
and weather rigging.
effect,
cut
off,
weather
send down
making a drag of
away the mizen
mast.
343.
Laying
Too, a Sail is Discovered Ahead,
and Close on Board.
To
prevent both ships from coming in contact,
17
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
194
which would be the destruction of both,

nary measures must be resorted
a ship
too,
the helm,
and
as there
laying
command
not under the immediate
is
extraordi-
When
to.
of
would be great danger of a
collision in case the sails
were so arranged as
to veer,
because she would immediately shoot ahead. Therefore the yards are braced
ing,
immediately
for
box-haul-
and the dangerous experiment must be
order to avoid the
still
tried, in
more dangerous consequences
of getting foul of each other.
Note.
or rock
this
Under
is
all sail
and
close hauled, if a shoal
discovered suddenly ahead, box-haul her;
must be done by putting the helm hard a
once,
and bracing the yards around as soon
sible, so as to
made
deaden the headway.
close ahead,
lors, for
it
is
But
a general custom
if
lee at
as pos-
sail
among
is
sai-
the ship on the larboard tack to give way,
the ship on the larboard tack consequenth' ^ppLng

the
helm up, and the one on the starboard *i?9jârd
down, thereby running

ber
clear of
each other.
Remem-
this.
344.
The Fore mast
is
Carried Away.
Hard up the helm, brace in the after yards, hoist

main stay sail, take in after sail, and endeavour
if successful, keep her
get her before the wind
the
to
so,
by veering a range of cable over the stern and

lashing
it
amidships
if not,
be the case, and should carry
which
is
away
the
more
main topmast should
stand, clew
up
likely to
main topmast
her too under the main stay
also, lay
195
If the
sail.
main
the
topsail
immediately, get the breast back stays over the topsail
yard,
and
by means of
clear
it
set
them up
tackles.
as far forward as possible,
Bend hawsers on
the wreck,
away, especially the lanyards of the
lee rig-
ging, so as to preserve the channels and chain bolts,

atid
endeavour
after
yards and spars, and save as
to
haul
Rig a jury
as possible.
sails to the best
rigged, reeve a
it
aboard.
Send down the
much
of the wreck
fore mast, fitting spars
advantage
main topmast
when
and
the jury mast
stay, of a hawser,
take the breast back stays aft again, after
is
and
which cut
clear of the wreck.
345.
Take
To rig a Jury Mast.
a spare spar, the largest in board, a main
topmast for instance, and launch the head over the

night heads, the heel resting against the stump of the
old mast, put on crosstrees and bolsters,
fit
4he
rig-
ging and stays from hawsers, and hook a couple of

tackles from the jury mast head,
side
and haul
taut,
lash the heel to the

raise the
which take
to the
hook another, which take well
stump
mast with the
to
aft^
prevent slipping, and
after purchase,
tending the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
196
Stays and pendant tackles,
up
yards, set
the rigging
when
and
up, reeve the lan-
stays, cleet
heel securely, ship the cap, send
mast
for a topmast,
fit
for a topsail yard.
The Main mast
Hard up
still
Carried Away.
is
the helm, secure the mizen topmast
stands, clear the wreck, save as
aiid rig a
much as
if
it
possible
jury main mast.
The Bowsprit
347.
is
Carried Away,
Hard up the helm, shiver the

after sail,
after yards, take in
and get the ship before the wind
fore topmast breast

sail
top-gallant
a topsail yard for a lower yard,
and a top-gallant yard
346.
and lash the
up a
back stays forward over the top-
yard, hook the pendant tackles, and set
to the cat heads,
take the
them up
unreeve the main topmast and spring
them up to the fore topsail sheet bitts,

hitch a hawser to the fore topmast head, take this in
through one of the hawse holes, and set it up on the
gun deck. While this is performing, let some hands
stays,
and
set
be reducing
masts
if
sail,
they are
sending
aloft,
down
top-gallant yards
and
and clearing the wreck, rig a
jury bowsprit of a spare main topmast or a jib boom.
197
YOUN SAiLOR^s assistant:

348.
A Topmast
Carried Away.
is
Get the ship before the wind immediately, and

duce
sail,
through them, bend the
which
is
re-
hook the top blocks and reeve hawsers

lee
probably hanging
one
to the topsail yard,
leeward of the topmast
to
with the wreck, clew up the topsail
and cut the parrel
if it
can be got
at.
if practicable,
The yard now
hangs clear of the topmast, bend the weather hawser

to the
wreck of the topmast, have guys from the wea-
ther side of the deck, clear
away
the lanyards of the
rigging and stays, also the rigging leading to the top-
mast head, and send
it
down on
yard tackles, slack the braces and
deck.
Hook
trusses,
bouse the
the
down the stump, get

lee gangway and repair
lower yards forward and send

the topsail yard
its
down
in the
damages, while the spare topmast
secured by the old rigging.
Send
is
gut
aloft,
and
aloft the yard, set
the topsails, and bring her to her course again.
349.
Mind
sail,
Jib
Boom
is
Carried Aioay.
the weather helm, hoist the fore topmast stay
and get
hooked
The
in the
wreck by the
fore
pendant tackles
to the fore stay, reeve a heel rope
the stump, point another
boom, and
rig
and get in
it
with the
old rigging if sound, if not, with spare ropes or

sers.
17*
haw-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
198
The Foremast and Bowsprit Carried Away.
350.
Proceed as in No. 347, the remarks being applied
Lay
to the present case.

sail to
leeward of the wreck and repair
board in the best manner possible
mast and bowsprit, and then cut

as
many
spars, sails,
probably be well
If
it is
as in
a jury
rig
fore-
having saved
clear,
and as much rigging as pos-
If the ship lays easily
sible.
main staydamages on
too under the
to ride
by
by the wreck,
it
would
until the gale abates.
it,
absolutely necessary to veer,
it
might be done
No. 344, with the assistance of the mainsail,
making use of the wreck

hawser as a spring
351.
Up
by taking the
as a drag,
to the quarter.
The Bowsprit
is
Sprung.
helm, shiver the after yards, take in after
sail,
and get the ship before the wind, haul down the
head
sails,
them up
come up
stays forward,
hook the
them up to the
stays, and rig in
yards and
the
cat
main topmast
fore
pendant
head.
stays,
masts^, take the fore
and
set
all
and
the
set
head
Send down upper
topmast stays through
them up.
being
strain
with the regular
set
tackles,
Come up
the head booms.
hawse holes and
Note. All
it
the
on deck, get the fore topmast breast back-
now
off the bowsprit, fish
fishes, if there are
none on board.
199
use the jib boom,
thought sufficiently strong
if
to
bear the strain of the head stays, get them in their

proper places, but
if not,
get stays out merely to
make
sail.
The Foremast
352.
is
Sprung Near
the
Hounds.
Get the ship before the wind immediately, reduce

sail
and get
all strain
main topmast
off the
foremast, secure the
No. 344, send
as in
down
yards and masts, hook the jeers and

yard,
hook top
blocks, reeve top pendants,
the topmasts allowing the heel to
below the
top gallant
settle
the fore
and house
come considerably
defect, fish the foremast
with side fishes
and the heel of the topmast, wedging the lashings.

Clap a lashing around the doublings of the mast
head, having chocks between,
keep the pendant
tackles rove, turn in the rigging afresh,
wedge the topmast
up
yard, close
in the cap,
to the heel
and
sails to
353.
A Topmast is Sprung
diminish the strain,
far
is
Near
the
to
fore
Lower Cap.
sail.
not to be had, the old one
enough
up,
if required.
Get the ship before the wind and reduce

housed
it
of the topmast, reef the
head
a spare topmast
set
and sway the
allow the spring
to
may
If
be
come some
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
200
feet
below the cap,
last case,
fit
setting the lower yard as in the
a large chock between the topmast and
lower mast head, and clap stout lashings around
above and below the defect

reef the fore sail so that
in
its
strain
it
part,
wedging them
can be
set
well,
with the yard
present place, and also the topsail, to lessen the
on the weak spar.
Note.
Sheepshank the rigging
if
required, before
setting up.
354.
To Send
Aloft a
Sea
After the topmast
is
Topmast and a Heavy

on.
pointed and rigged, hook the
burtons to stout strops at the rim of the top

side, hitch
hawsers
to
through a large block

another
aft,
at the fore top
through one
burtons and hawsers

slacking up as
it
aloft,
mast head, and
mizen.
at the
taut.
goes
Haul
the
Sway aloft the topmast,

when fidded, steady the
topmast until the rigging and stays are
355.
on each
the mast head leading one
set up.
The Gammoning Carried Away,
Proceed as in No. 347, until

bowsprit, bolt a stout
all strain is off
chock on the bowsprit and
the end of the messenger out of a
hawse
the
priss
hole, oVqx
the chock in through the other hawse hole and but
201
take' the other
it,
bowsprit well
bob
stays,
new
one.
in
to the capstern,
its
and get the
bed by the messenger and
come up the old gammoning and pass a
A Lower Cap
356.
Take
end
down
all sail
Splits.
off the mast, pass
a stout lashing
around the topmast, and lower mast head, which

wedge,
after
357.
which woold, and wedge the cap.
The Trussle Trees are Sprung,
Get the ship before the wind, take
all sail off
the
mast, send down top gallant yards and masts, housing

the others,
hook top
strain
all
hook the top
blocks, reeve top pendants,
and bouse them well
tackles,
off the
fid,
taut, taking
pass several stout lashings
around the heel of the topmast and lower mast head,

cleating
them
to
prevent them slipping,
make
sail,
as
the mast will bear.
358.
A Lower Yard is
If the foreyard.
up
Carried aioay in the Slings,
Get the ship before the wind, haul
the foresail, clew
up the
topsail, take in all the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
202
fore top sail
on the mizen mast, unreeve the
sail
sheets and board
them on
deck, bring her on your
course again, and haul the bowlines.
main yard, keep on the course, haul up the
If a
main
sail,
clew up the
unreeve the sheets,
topsail,
board them on deck, and haul the bowlines well out,
having proceeded thus
get stout strops around
far,
the inner quarter of the yard, and hook the pendant

tackles to bolts in the lower cap,
and these
strops, if
the pendant tackles are not at hand, use the burtons.
Lash
the jeer blocks, reeve the jeers, and send the
down by the
yard
and pendant
jeers, lifts
the lower yards immediately if
it
tackles, fish
can be done,
if it
cannot, rig a topsail yard for a lower yard.
359.
If
it is
Topsail Yard
is
the fore, reduce after
Carried Away.
sail,
mind
helm, and keep the ship on her course.
main stand
get
it
the weather
If
it is
the
up the sail, unbend it, and

best manner possible, get a
on, then clew
into the top in the
strop round the topmast head, above the eyes of the

rigging, to
êve
which hook a
a hawser through
broken
off,
it.
block,
completely
bend the hawser which
is
the parrel, bend on guys and send
send
down
the other piece.
and
large single
If the yard
If
it
is
not secured by
it
still
down, then
remains
to-
203
bend on the
gether,
slings, stop out to leeward,
a tripping line and rolling ropes, and get

aft
on deck, take
on
to the spare
off all
and
set
The Ship
360.
and
yard in the chains, then bend on the
have rolling ropes around
the topsail
fore
which put
the old rigging,
hawser, sway aloft and cross

out,
it
have
it
it
as in fitting the ship
as
it
goes
aloft,
bend
it.
leaks Faster than the
Pwnps
can
free her.
Find out where the leak
is,
thrum an old
thickly,
and some stout ropes attached
make
up, take
it
under
it
sail
very
to
each leech,
the, bowsprit,
and get the
ropes on their respective sides, heave the ship too,
when
her headway eases, drop the
it
haul
aft
on the
ropes, attached to
the body of the sail

all
sail
overboard,
has sunk beneath the keel, break the stops,
after
is
each clew, when
over the leak, haul well taut
the ropes attached to the leeches and the head
which
will prevent
going ahead, make
361.
the sail fr6m going
skil
aft,
and continue pumping.
The Pumps are Choked.
Hoist them out and clear them.
when
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
204
362.
Shot gets loose in a
Gun
secured for a
Gale.
down and pour
Prick the cartridge well
enough
into the touch hole to
vinegar
it.
To Throw a Lower Deck Gun Overboard.
363.
Fit a chock in the port
the pomillion of the gun,

bolt,
drown
hook a
sill,
to
and
slip
a strop over
which from the housing
stout tackle, unlash the muzzle, heave
up the breech, and put
in the bed
and
unreeve
coin,
the breeching, throw back the cap squares,
and
place capstern bars under the breech to ease
and
it,
prevent the gun from slipping back into the carriage

again,
trice
man
the side and port tackles,
up the port
briskly,
clear of the carriage,
watch the
roll,
run out and throw the gun
by the breech
tackles
and cap-
stern bars, shut in the port immediately.
364.
To turn Reefs
out of
the
Topsails and
Courses.
Hook
the burtons to the reef pendants, and set
taut the lower
lifts,
ease off the bowlines, rise a
of the tacks and sheets of the courses, and
few
feet
little
settle
of the topsail halyards, haul taut the reef
205
and buntlines, and
tackles
little
necessary, round in a
if
of the weather braces to clear the points of the
lee rigging,
commence
casting off the points at the
bunt, taking care to leave none tjed, and turning one

reef out at a time, ease
away both
overhaul the rigging
get the tacks on board, sheet
home,
lines
and make
365.
The Rudder
Man
and
hoist the topsails
let
up
earings together,
a taut leech, out bow-
to
sail.
is
carried away^
to fit
Another.
the braces immediately, take in after sails

the ship run a
little free,
rouse up a cable,
clove hitch a hawser over the cable, and then pay
overboard, veer
it
away about twenty fathoms and
amidships on the
taffrail,
lead the ends
hawser through large blocks lashed
and clap tackles on
to
it
lash
of the
to the quarters,
them, steer the ship with this
contrivance, until a rudder can be constructed by
captain
Edward Packenham's method,
Take a
spare topmast, cut
it
{see plate.)
the length of the rud-
der, enlarge the fid hole to receive the tiller if not
already large enough, take a spare cap and cut

the after part, so as to
edge, or a
little
the stern post at the waters
below, pass the topmast through the
round hole in the

it
fit
away
cap, take a spare jib
in two, the pieces are to be bolted
18
boom and
on
cut
abaft the
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
206
topmast
after
squaring the edges, which will come
and cutting a score in

boom, next to the topmast,
in contact with each other,
the forward part of the jib

to allow the
cap
whole over with

abaft
all,
have room
plank the
to
play
in,
stout oak plank,
and
bolt in a fish
to
drive an eye bolt into the heel of the top-
mast (now the head of the rudder,) and have kentledge attached to the other end to sink
it.
anchor stock, and square two of the edges,
them
a circular score in each for
Take an
cut away
to join together,
around the topmast below the squares, and thus

serve as an upper gudgeon, drive the anchor stock
hoops on the rudder head
prevent splitting. Place
to
the rudder on a stnge near the
of hawsers
them
aft
tnffrail,
pass a couple
through the hawse holes, and secure
to the heel of the rudder,
have tackles on
their
inner ends, have two more hawsers or parts of hawsers passed
each
side,
in the
from forward
aft,
and clinch them
under every thing, one
to the
quarter eye bolts
have a pendant round as described in
cap,
No. 172, launch overboard and rouse upon the head

rope, heave in
upon the hawsers, and bring the rud-
der to the stern post perpendicularly, secure the cap

to the stern post
rudder head,
and rouse
main
to
taken
off.
and ihe anchor
sliip the tiller,
around the
reeve the wheel ropes,
The kentledge may rerudder perpendicular or may be
in the cable.
keep the
stock,
KEDGB ANCHOR, OR
206
topmast after squaring the edges, which will come

in contact with
each other, and cutting a score in
the forward part of the jib boom, next to the topmast,

to allow the
cap
to
whole over with

abaft
all,
have room
to play in,
stout oak plank,
and
plank the
bolt in a fish
drive an eye bolt into the heel of the top-
mast (now the head of the rudder,) and have kentledge attached to the other end to sink
it.
Take an
anchor stock, and square two of the edges, cut away

a circular score in each for them to join together,
around
topmast below the squares, and thus
tiie
serve as an upper gudgeon, drive the anchor stock
hoops on the rudder head
prevent splitting. Place
to
the rudder on a stage near the
of hawsers
them
aft
taffrail,
pass a couple
through the hawse holes, and secure
to the heel of the rudder, li&ve tackles
on their
inner ends, have two more hawsers or parts of hawsers passed from forward
each
side,
in the
aft,
and clinch them
cap, have a pendant
under every thing, one
to the
quarter eye bolts
round as described
in
No. 172, launch overboard and rouse up on the head

rope, heave in
upon the hawsers, and bring the rud-
der to the stern post perpendicularly, secure the cap

to the stern post
rudder head,
and rouse
main
to
taken
off.
and ihe anchor
sliip
the
tiller,
in the cable.
keep the rudder
stock,
around the
reeve the wheel ropes,
The kentledge may reperpendicular or may be
h'J.ATr. T57.
& WXex,isXlfh.
207
366.
JShip on Fire.
Hard up the helm, haul up
the ccirses,
up span,
ker, get the ship before the wind, and reduce
sail to
topsails, beat to quarters, close all tlie ports,
muster
the
men
stations,
at their
away
call
the fireman,
under the charge of their proper officers,
let
a part
fill
the engine and wet the sails, while the other part
where the
finds out
guish
if
it
possible
fire is,
ting over the gratings
and
it
the
powder
carpenters rig
The gunner
and tarpaulins.
at
and
a moment's notice.
them ready
the
fire is
boats, equip
for hoisting out.
supposed
up because wind
to
is
put
felt,
afibrd air to
and the courses hauled up, because they
fire,
strike a current of air
keep before the wind,
367.
When
down
If the fire
liable to catch.
up
is
the ports are shut in,
and tarpaulins put on, as they would
the
them and
In the above case
be below, and the helm
less
to
Let the
pumps, and the spar
fetch the
deck divisions, clear away the

get
tllft
to extin-
with bedding, put-
mates should be in the magazine, ready
his
drown
and endeavour
extinguish
the hatchways, and also
is
if aft,
on de^k and forward,
haul close on a wind.
Ship on Her
Beam Ends.
the severity of the squall
helm and
let
fly
is
first felt,
every thing, but
if
hard
she goes
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
208
on her beam ends, before she can be got

diminish the
ly to
will be to cut
way
away
which
ceases,
effects
the mizen mast, before the headfalling over the lee quarter, will
pay her
act as a drag to
before the wind, if there
cable
is
away
should she not tight
off,
when
bent, cut
is
anchorage, and the
the lee anchor,
bring her around, and catch the

there
is
sails
which
flat
in,
the
deck, and underside of the
bably right her. As a

great decision
last resort,
cut
away the
is
must go down, a short time
as the ship
if
bow
wind acting
sails, will
and rapidity of execution
will
aback, or
not anchorage, get the drag to the lee
by means of a spring and rouse

on the
off sufficient-
of the wind, the best way-
pro-
masts,
necessary,
after
she
goes over.
368.
Up
Wind free,
helm,
staysail
studding
let fly
sheets,
sail
all
Sail
set,
struck hy a Squall.
the main sheet, spanker outhaul
and halyards, royal and top gallant
halyards, royal
and top gallant
sheets,
and halyards, haul up the main sail, brail up the

spanker, down staysails and order the topmen to
haul in the studding
before the
sails,
and stow them.
When
clew down
the top-
wind right the helm,
haul up the buntlines, and out reef tackles, and
reef if necessary.
sible.
sails
Clear up the decks as fa^ as pos-

Note. In ordinary
be eased
off, for
if
cases, sheets
dangered, but
effect
and tacks should
they should get foul
ning through their blocks
when
209
when run-
Spars miglit be en-
fiist.
struck by a severe squall, the
of the sails must be diminished as soon as pos-
sible to
save the masts and prevent her from going
over.
a Squall on a Lee Shore.
369. Struck hy
If sail
fill
away
370.
cannot be reduced, luff too and shake her,

again, gather head
way and
luff again.
Struck hy a Squall wider whole Topsails
and Courses.
Up
helm,
let fly
main sheet spanker outhaul and
lee topsail sheets, heiul
spanker, clew
up the
windward, and
and reef
371.
if
let
up the main
topsails
sail, brail
to leeward,
up the
then to
go the halyards, right the helm
necessary.
On a Wind, under
weather
Haul up
the
whole Topsails, part the
Main Topsail
main
sail, let
18
Brace.
go the main brace, haul
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
210
forward on the lee main top bowline, and
weather main brace,

sail shivers,
clew
it
luff too
aft
on the
and when the main
top-
down, haul up the buntlines,out
reef tackles and steady the yard by the bowlines, until
new
brace can be rove.
hooked as mentioned
The
372.
burton might be
before, to steady the yard.
Jib
Downhaul parts,
Untoggle the fore top gallant bowlines and knot
them together above the

and the luff and the jib.
373.
first
hank, between the stay
To Chase.
vessel that chases another should
vantage in point of sailing, because

is
as
good a
come up
to
if
have the ad-
the ship chased
never can
sailer as the chaser, the latter
her
if
she manoeuvred equally as well.
In order to determine, whether your ship
sails faster
than your adversary, get upon the same tack under

the
same
sail,
and keep upon the same course with
her. Set her exactly
with a compass and
sails best, the sail will
if
your ship
soon draw a point more
aft, if
she has the advantage, she will in a short time draw
more forward, and if both

remain at the same point.
sail
equally well, she will
YouNtf sailor's assistant;
To Chase
374.
To
chase
to
when
to the course,
the
same
windward.
windward, run upon the same course
with the enemy, until he
board, until he
to
brought perpendicularly
is
tack and continue the second
again brought perpendicularly
is
to
manouvre by
abeam on either
course, always continue this
tacking every time the chase

board, and she will be
is
come up with
in the shortest
method, by your superiority of sailing.

chase pass the point,
when
he must go about with
Should the
the chase bears abeam,
despatch.
all
Note. The chase goes about

is
211
as soon as the chase
exactly abeam, because at that time the distance
between them
is
the least possible
upon the
different
boards they hold.
Observations for the Ship
375.
which
The
is
is
suer,
it
sail as
on the same
tack,
for tacking
it
well as the pur-
will be then to her advantage, to
heave about,
keep con-
without losing time to
cannot be 90 favourable to
her as to her adversary, whose sailing

If
windward^
weather ship will always be joined, since
granted that she does not
stantly
to
Chased,
is
superior.
the chaser mistakingly stands on aad tacks
iii
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
212
the
to
wake of
pursue
him on
sel
is,
the chase, the best course for the latter

to
heave about and pass
to
windward of
the other tack, unless you suppose your ves-
would have a superiority
in
going
chaser persists in tacking, in the

ship, the chase will be
much
To Chase
376.
large, for if the
wake of the
other
prolonged.
to
Leeward,
off,
and
keeps continually on that course they will at
last
If the
come
chaser keeps away, to cut the chase
where the two courses
together,
will be exactly executed
by the ship
intersect, this
in chase, if in
the course she has taken, she keeps the chase continually
upon
the
same degree of the compass,
as at
the beginning of the pursuit. This principle applies
equally to
all
if
which the
courses
the
ship pursues, for
overtaken,
it
retreating
can only be accom-
plished by keeping in a straight
line,
if the
chase
takes another course, than that which keeps the two

ships
upon
the
same
point.
siderations to be made,
These are the only con-
and they may be corrected
by observing the bearings by an azimuth compass.
213
To Windward of an Enemy within pistol

Weather Main Rigging is shot away^
both ships with main topsails to the mast.
377.
shotj the
Up
helm,
fill
before she gets
Wind
378.
away and run the enemy on board,

headway to prevent it.
on the Quarter^
all sail set^ hriiig
under double reefed
by
topsails.
Reduce sail regularly and clew down the topsails?

enough to reef, hoist the topsails and haul
luff too
close
on a wind.
379.
Wind
on the Quarter
all sail sety
bring
too
on the other tacky under double reefed topsails.
Reduce
sail
to topsails, station the
with one watch of top men

spanker,
up helm, brace
wind, clew
and up
down
crew forward*
aloft to reef
in,
brail
up the
and when before the
the topsails, haul out reef tackles
buntlines, let the
men
lay out and reef;
wind
on the quarter, brace up cross jack yard, and haul

out the spanker, as she comes too, brace
up
the fore
and meet her with the helm and jib sheet, when
coming too, a good opportunity will be offered for
yard,
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
214
when
reefing^
the
reefed, hoist
main go up aback,
Having
Make
away
the others
the topsails, letting

full.
a dismasted frigate in tow, to heave too.
stream cable
fast the
to the
prize,
and take
ing
around the main mast: make
it
ser as a spring,
ships on the
it
in at the
and snatch
taffrail,
main mast of the
weather gangway, clinch-
it
to a
fast a stout
block lashed amid-
so that the prize
on the weather bow, or be roused
haw-
may
astern.
either ride
In case of
veering rouse in upon the spring, and the manoeuvre

will be performed with
more
certainty.
After
it is
excuted, the tow rope must be shifted to the opposite
gangway, by means of a
380.
Hook
How
to
spring.
get the Anchor
off the
Bows.
the fore pendant tackle, single the shank
painters,
and
come up
the
set
them
taut with the pendant tackles,
shank lashings, put the shoes between
bills and bows, by capstan bars, and lower them

by the shank painters, as far as necessary. Single
and set taut cat head stoppers, and then unlash the
the
381.
To Anchor head
See that the
officers
to
wind, wind free.
and men are
at their stations?
215
and the
preserved as the ship nears
strictest silence
her berth
take in
the studding
ail
sails,
get the bur-
tons off the yards and the jiggers off the top-gallant
Send the booms and
yards.
man
down from
sails
aloft,
the fore clue garnets, buntlines, and leech lines,

is
going
free^
Topgallant and royal clewlines, "lay
aloft,"
and
the mainsail
is
hauled up, as the ship
stand by to furl the sails snug, and square the yards
by the
and
lifts
and
have hands by the
braces,
and royal
sheet, top-gallant
weather braces and bowlines, up

lant sails
and royals,
the yards by the

halyards.
Man
weather braces,
fore tack
sheets, halyards,
foresail, in top-gal-
furl the sails snug,
and square
and braces, hauling taut the
lifts
the topsail clew lines and buntlines,

jib
downhaul and spanker outhaul,
attend the sheets, halyards and spanker brails, ease
down
the helm, haul
spanker, and
sheets,
when
down
the
the topsail
and clew them up, then
jib,
lifts,
let
haul out the
clear
away
the
go the halyards,
clew down and square away the yards immediately,

haul
aft the
spanker sheet, and when the headway
ceases, stream the buoy, stand clear of the cable,
when
go the anchor, brail up
she begins to go astern,
let
the spanker, crotch the
boom, haul taut the guys,
light too the cable as fast as she will take

sufficient scope is out,
when
stopper.
Furl
it^
until a
sails,
haul
taut and stop in the rigging, send the boat's crews aft
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
210
to
lower the boats down,
to
square the yards, and clear up the declfs.
let
the boatswain go ahead
NoTb'. If gohig to moor, veer out, double the moor-
ing scope, and then

sails
and heave
For
ranged, and
must be had
this
all
purpose
lee
bower
to letting
all
go
all
is
the cables are bent and
bower
to the
bitted to the
forward
bitts,
and the
No buoy
rope
is
and
furl all the
tackles, get the
masts,
way.
when
all
bent ex-
is
backed
and the other anchors with kedges,
see all the tiers clear, get the ship

sails,
and
lee sheet to
cept to the weather sheet, the weather sheet

the stream,
bitts,
windward, the
to the after bitts to
forward
the after ones to leeward.
by
to
the an-
the anchors got ready for letting go
the weather sheet

the weather
furl
room
ship being on a lee shore, and no
veer, recourse
chors.
go the other anchor, now
To Anchor on a Lee Shore.
382.
The
let
in.
square
under storm stay
sails,
hook the yard
lower yards forward and house topready, keep her a
little
off to get head-
Let go the weather sheet and stream anchor
and veer away, then the weather bower and kedge,

down helm, haul down fore and main storm stay
sails,
and the
drift to
leeward will carry her to the
berth of the last anchor;
which
let go,
haul
down
the
-<55;
217
mizen storm stay
on
all
sail,
and veer away an equal scope
four cables, observe that they will bear an equal
strain,
and veer
to a
long scope, reservinoj sufficient
See that the cables are well
to freshen the nip with.
rounded, and watch them carefully.
If she should
drag, sling the guns with the stoutest spare rigging
on board, having a round turn

cables,
cut
and heave them over
away
the masts, and
if
if
around
she should
there
is
no
all
these
still
drag,
possibility of
preventing her from going on shore, take a stout

spring to one of the quarters, slip the cables,
let
her
In weighing these anchors, bring too.
first
veer round and go on shore end on.
Note.
on the cable which has got the
least
scope out, taking
in the slack of the others with
deck
tackles.
Scudding under a
383.
Foresail^ to
come
to ait'
Anchor.
Get both bowers ready

foresail,
run
in
for letting go,
making a due allowance
under bare poles
helm and haul out
when
for
haul up the
headway, and
near the berth,
down
the spanker and aft mizen storm
when by the wind, let go the weather

anchor, and veer away briskly, when head to wind,^
let go the lee anchor, and haul down the stay sail,
stay sail sheet,
veer too and bring an equal strain on both cables,

necessary,
A*
let
go more anchors.
19
if
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
218
To make a Flying Moor.
384.
Make
necessary preparations for coming too,
all
overhaul and
and
bitt
moored.
bitt
a double range of the weather cable>
the lee one at the range to
When
sail to topsails, jib,
fresh, to jib
which she
is
to be
approaching the anchorage, reduce
and spanker,
if
moderate, but
When
and spanker only.
if
near the berth
first anciior luff too, stream the buoy, and when

headway has nearly ceased, let go the weather
an'chor, np helm, stand on and veer away roundly,
to prevent the range from checking her, when the
full range is nearly out, hard down tlie helm, down
jib, clew up the topsails and out spanker
when the
headway ceases, right the helm, up spanker and let
her lay the range out taut, when taut let go the lee
of the
the
anchor, furl
bring too on the weather cable,
sails,
away on
moorings. Moor
veering
service and veer
the lee one, and heave in to the

taut to allow for veering, clap
it,
stop in the rigging,
385.
on
square the yards, haul taut and
and
clear
up the decks.
To Moor with a Large Scope of Chain.
Shackle the ends of both chains together, and veer
away nearly
the whole of the two cables, then
the anchor, bring too on the
ing
away on
on rounding,
the other
first
when
veer, stopper
cable,
in to the
heave
let
go
in, veer-
moorings, clap
and unshackle the chains.
219
386.
the cables, see the anchor clear and an an-
Range
chor watch
down
Blowing Fresh in Port.
set,
have leadsmen
the upper yards
top-gallant masts,
and
to the
them and reeve the
gear of the courses clear, trusses unrove
and take them forward, heave
hook
the yard tackles
taut the jeers,
the lanyard of the slings, attend the braces

tackles,
make
wind.
Lower Yards.
clear for unreeving,
lifts
the chains, send
and point the yards
aloft the jeer blocks, lash
jeers, see the
in
not already down, house
JSend dow7i
387.
Send
if
lower away by the jeers and
lifts,
unreeve
and yard
when down
all fast.
388.
Hook
To house Topmasts.
top blocks, reeve pendants
and
falls,
see the
rigging clear that leads to the topmast heads,

the top tackle
stays,
falls,
man
slack the lanyards of the rigging,
and backstays
and haul down on the
sway up, out fid, lower away,

when low enough, pass
rigging,
heel lashings around the lower masts, having canvass

in the wake, haul taut the rigging
shank the backstays, haul

all
snug.
and
stays, sheep-
taut the rigging
and make
'4B;
-^
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
220
The topmast may be housed
Note.
with the lower
by taking the yard tackles forward and

bowsing upon them, slacking the braces and trusses.
yards
aloft,
To Back a Bower hy a Stream.
389.
Bend
the stream cable to the flukes of the
go the stream
anchor, observing to
let
the cable
go the bower.
already
is
taut let
down and
first,
If
bower
and when
bower
the
is
dragging, form a clinch with the
stream around the cable, and
let
her drag until she
brings the stream ahead.
390.
Make use
middle
it,
To Sweep for an Anchor.
of some long stout running rigging,
attach
some sinker
the bight to confine
two
is
boats,
supposed
veering
in
and pull
to lie,
away on
it
to
to the
it
away
in
then pull in an opposite direction,
the bight from both boats,
the direction of the anchor,
make
Coil
windward of where the anchor
catches, cross the boats

rope,
middle, also along
to the bottom.
now
pull
and when the bight
and get a round turn
in the
a running bowline on the end of a hawser
around the rope and

with the launch.
slip
it
down, when
fast,
weigh
221
EXPLANATION OF SEA TERMS.
Aback.
face
Sail
is
a-back
when
forward
its
sur-
acted upon by the wind.
is
Abaft.
The hinder
Part of a Ship
Behind
thus abaft the Foremast^ means any thing nearer

to the Stern
A-hoard.
Ship
than the Foremast.
In the Ship as the
said to fall a-boardj
is
To
of another.
when
get a-board the
Clew of
bring the
Cargo
the Mainsail
is
a-board.
she runs foul
Main Tack,
down
to the
is
to
Chess-
tree.
About.
in
"
Ship
the Act of
is
ready about there

A-breast.
A-float.
going
about^
the Order for
when
which
is
/"
Opposite
Broken
A-drift.
said to be
Tacking
to.
loose from the Moorings.
Swimming not touching the Bottom.
Afore. That Part of the Ship nearest
to the
Stem,
aft,^
stand
or Head.
Aft.
Behind
as
^^
Stand further
nearer to the Stern.

4/jêr. Hinder
nearest the Stern.
as the
aftnr Ports
those Ports
After Sails, after Hatchway^

19*
^*c.
/*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
222
A-ground.
Not having Water enough
to float the
Ship, which rests on the Ground.
Before the Ship.

The Helm
A-head.
A'lee.
is
Hard a-lee^
to the lee Side.

it
a-lee
when
when
the Tiller
it is
is
put
put as far as
will go.
All in the Wind.
i.
e.
when
the
Wind blows on
the Leeches, or outward Extremities of the Sails,
and causes them
to shake.
All hands, hoy
swain and
the Ship's
A-loft.
Yards.
The
Mates
his
word given by
the Boat-
Hatchways,
assemble
at the
to
Company.
Up
In the Rigging.
above.
At the Mast Head,
Alongside.
Close
to the
On
the
(fcc.
Ship,
Amidships. In the Middle of the Ship. The

Helm is amidships^ when the Tiller is not put
over either to one Side or the other.
To Anchor. To let the Anchor fall over-board,

it may hold the ship.
To foul the Anchor. To let the Cable be twisted
that
round the upper Fluke, &c.
To drag
the
Anchor. Vi hen
the Ship pulls
it
with her, from the violence of the Wind.
Anchorage.
Ground
The Anchor
by the Stopper
is
fit
a Cock
at the
to
anchor
Bill.
Cat Head.
i.
in.
e. it is
hanging

The Anchor
is
a-peak.
thus at different Distances
near
e.
i.
the Ship
to
called a long
is
it
223
Peakj
a stai/ Peak, a short Peak.
The Anchor
is
a-weigh or a-trip.-A,
e.
loosened
from the Ground by heaving in the Cable.
The
placed
A?ichor is backed.
i.
e.
another Anchor
is
and attached
to
at a certain distance before
it,
by the Cable of the former beiiig fastened to it,

which fixes it firmly in the Ground.
The Anchor is catted. i. e. drawn up to the Catit
head.
The Anchor is fished. i. e. its inner Arm is

drawn up by the Fish Pendant.
To loeigh the Anchor.ô heave it up by the
Capstern or Windlass.
The Sheet Anchor. is
of the same Size
and
weight as the two Bower Anchors and the Spare Anchor
it is
a resource, and dependence, should either
of the Bowers part, for which purpose the Cable
is
always kept ready bent with a long Range, that
it
may
be
let
go on an Emergency.
Best Bower or Small Bower Ajichors.
two Anchors which are stowed the
Are the
furthest forward,
or near the Bows.
The Stream Anchor. i^ used

up with occasionally,
comes to a temporary
to
bring the ship
or to steady a Ship
wnen she
Moorins^.
The Kedge Anchor. ^\\%
smallest -of the
An-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
224
chors, to
which a Hawser
or Cablet
is
generally
bent.
An End. Any
Spar or Mast placed perpendicu-
The Top?nasts
larly.
are an End,
ttiey are
ed up and fidded above the lower Mast.

all
up
the Masts are
All
sway-
an
end,
in their proper stations.
A-peak.-' See Anchor.
Ashore. Oa Land.
A-ground.
J.-5/e7'?i. Behind the
Ship.
Athwart Hawse, across the

Athwart-ships, any thing lying in a direc-
^/Ai^;ar^." -Across.
Stem.
tion across the Ship.
A
i,
e.
Athwart
Fore Foot, a shot
the
by another Ship across the Bows.
j&red
trip. See Anchor.
The
Topsails are a-trip,
hoisted up.
Avast. To cease hauling.
To
stop.
A-weiffh.'-See Anchor.
A-weather. The Helm
when
the Tiller
the Ship.
far as
it
is
Hard
is
said to be a-iveather,
put over to the windward side of
a-iveather^
when
it
is
put over as
will go.
Awning. A. Canyass Canopy placed over the

Deck, when the Sun is powerful.
To Back the Sails.To expose their forward
Surfaces to the Wind, by hauling in the weather
Braces.
Back Stays. ô\)es fixed at the Topmast and

Top G.illani Mast Head, and extended to the Chains
on the Ship's
sides.
YOUNG
To
over
hag-pijje
sailor's ASSISTANT.
the weather
to
it
a-back.
it
at the
To balance
Mizen.To
the
the
225
bring the Sheet
Mizen Shrouds, in order
to lay
Mizen.'RoWing up a Portion of
Peak.
Ballast. A quantity of Iron, Stone, Gravel, &c.

placed in the Hold to give a Ship proper Stability,
when
she has no Cargo, or but a small quantity of
Goods,
(fee.
Bands.
called
Pieces of Canvass
Reef-bands
sewn
across the Sail,
also a piece stuck
dle of a Sail to strengthen
it,
when
on the mid-
half worn.
Bar."-A. Shoal running across the
Mouth of a
Harbour.
Capstern Bars. Vieces of Timber put into the

Holes in the
Drum Head
of the Capstern, (where
they are secured, with iron Pins)
to
heave up' the
Anchor.
Bare Poles. Having no

Battens. Slips of
the Yards, which are
Sail up.
Wood
eiglit
nailed on the Slings of
square
also
over the
Tarpaulings of a Hatchway, to keep out the water

in
stormy weather.
Bays. hi. Men of War,

sides
the starboard and larboard
between Decks, before the
Beams. Strong; Pieces of

under the Decks, bound
Bitts.
Timber
to the side
across the Ship,
by Knees. They
support and keep the Ship together.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
226
On
AiifiÎe
the
Beam.-'Whan
Wind
the
blows
at a right
with the Keel.
Beam.When
Before the
bears on
some Point
Wind
the
or Object
than a right Angle, or
less
ninety Degrees, from the Ship's haad.
Beam.When
Abaft the
which
bears on a Point
the
Wind
Object
or
more than a right Angle,
is
or ninety Degrees, from the Ship's Course.
Bearing. The Point of

any Object appears. It is
which lies opposite to any
Buoy,
bears on the
<fcc.
Compass on which
the
also applied to
an Object
Ship thus the

Bow, the Quar-
part of the
Beam, the
ter, (fee.
Beating'
to
Windioard.
Tacking,
and endea-
windward of some Head Land.

Becalmed. Having no Wind to fill the Sails.
The Ship being deprived of the Power of the Wind
vouring
to get to
by the intervention of high land, a large Ship,

jBec/t:e/5.--
Short Straps,
end, and a donble-walled
pending a Yard,
<fec.
having an Eye
<fec.
in one
Knot on the
other, for sus-
wanted
such are the
till
Beckets for the Royal Yards, for the Bights of the

Sheets,
<fcc.
To Belay. To make fast.

Bend. A kind of Knot as
a Sheet Bend, (fee
or a Seizing such as the Bends of the Cable.
To Bend. To make fast as

the Cable,
<fec.
to
bend the
Sails,
227
Bends. The
Streaks of thick Stuff, or strongest
Planks in the Ship's
These
are also culled
sides,
on the broadest
Part.
Wales.
Beticeen Decks. Any part of the Ship below, be-
tween two Decks.

Bight.- -Any part of a Rope between the ends.
Eye formed by
Also a Collar or
Bilge.
The
flat
Wafer, that which
a Rope.
part of a Ship's bottom.

rests in
Rain, shipping Water,
the
Bilge
from
Bilge, either
<fec.
Binnacle. The Frame, or Box which contains

the Compass.
Birlh.AplcLce of Anchorage.
A Cabin, or Apart-
ment.
itts. Ij^rge
Piece, over
upright Pins of Timber, with a Cross
which
the Bight of the Cable
is
put
also
smaller ones to belay Ropes, such as Topsail Sheets,

(fee.
To Bitt. To
place a Bight of the Cable over the
Bitts.
5Zoc/.;5. Instruments
used
to increase the
with Sheaves or Pulleys,
Power of Ropes.
Block dnd Block. When the two Blocks of a

Tackle are drawn so close together that there
more of the Fall
left to
haul upon
it is
is
no
also termed
chock ahlock.
To make a Board.To tack.

To make a Stern Board. To
drive a Ship siern
foremost, by laying the Sails a-back.
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
228
Boarding. 'Entering an Enemy's Ship by

These Men are
force.
Boarders.
called
Boarding Netting.- -'Setwork
triced
round the
Ship, to prevent the Boarders from entering.
Boats. SmaW Vessels those belongino-
are the Long Boat,
the
to
Ships
Launch, the Cutter the

,
Yawl, and the Jolly Boat.
Boatswain. The
Officer
the Cordage, Boats, Rigging,
Bobstai/s. Ropes rove
and
set
who
has the charge of
(fcc.
through the Cutwater,
up with Dead Eyes under the Bowsprit, to

power of the Fore Stays sometimes
act against the
one of these
is
act against the
taken to the end of the Bowsprit, to
Fore Topmast Stays.
o/5-êr5. Pieces of
Wood,
or Canvass stuffed,
placed on the lower Tressle Trees, to keep the Rig-
ging from chafing.
Bolts. Ivon Fastenings, by which the ^Ship
is se-
cured in her Hull.
Bolt JRopes. Ropes sewn round the edges of the

Sails.
Booms. li3iTge
Sails,
Poles used to extend the Studding
Spanker, &c.
Boom
Also, spare Yards, Masts,
Irons. Iron Caps fixed on the Yard
for the Studding-sail
Booms
(fcc.
Arms
to rest in.
Bov^s.The round part of the Ship forward.

To Bowse. To haul upon.
Bower. See Anchor.

Botolines.
Ropes
229
made fast to the Leeches

them forwards.
or
Sides of the Sails, to pull
Bowsprit.
A Mast projecting over the Stem.
Box hauling. A. Method
of waring or turning a
Ship from the Wind.
Boxing q^. Turning the Ship's Head

Wind, by backing the Head Sails.
Braces.
Ropes
fastened to the
brace them about.
ftova the
Yard Arms
to
Also a security to the Rudder,
fixed to the Stern Post.
Brails.
Ropes applied
to the after
Leeches of the
Mizen, and some of the Staysails, to draw..them up.
To break Bulk. To begin to unload.

To break the Sheer. To swei-ve from
direction in which a Ship should be when
Breaming.
Burning the
stuff
which
the proper
at
is
Anchor.
collected
on the Ship's bottom during a long voyage.

Breast Hooks.
the
Bows
Pieces
of Timber placed across
of the Ship, to keep
Breast Work.
(Quarter Deck,
Breeching.
Railing
them
on the
together.
fore part of the
where Ropes are belayed.
A stout
Rope
fixed to the Cascabel
of a Gun, fastened to the Ship's side, to prevent
running
its
in.
Bridles.
The upper
harbours for
part of the
Men of War.
Moorings
laid in
Also Ropes attached from
the Leeches of the square Sails to the Bowlines.
To bring
up.
To come to an Anchor.
20
Jf
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
230
to. To
To bring
ping her
way^y
make
a Ship stationary, stop-
bracing some of the Sails aback,'
and keeping others
full,
so that they counterpoise
each other.
To
bring-
with the
to
bring
back
this
it
is
very large, and
on the other
she
by the Z/ee.--When a Ship
Wind
side, the
then said
is
flies oif
to
sails
sailing
is
from
it
so as
catching a-
be brought by the
Lee
a dangerous position in a high Sea.
To broach ô. Flying up in the Wind so as

bring it on the other side, when blowing fresh.
Bulk heads, VdiXiiXions in the Ship.
BulVs Eye.K wooden Thimble.

Bumkin or Boomkin.K short Boom fitted
Bows
of the Ship for the purpose of hauling
the fore
Tack
to.
It is
to
to the
down
supported on each side by a
Shroud.
Buntr--The, middle part of a square

the fore
Leech of a quadrangular
Buntlbies.'Ro^Qs attached
Sail to haul
it
Sail.
Also
Staysail.
to the foot
of a square
up.
Burton Pendents. The first piece of rigging

which goes over the Topmast Head, to which is hooked a Tackle, to set up the Topmast Shrouds.
Metal let into the Sheaves of Blocks which
B2ish.
have
iron Pins.
Butt End.
side.
The
end of a Plank in the Ship's
231
That parf of
Hull under the
Water Line and Wing Transom.
Board. Over the
A Mast
Buttock,
the Ship's
Stern, between the'
By
the
side.
go by the Board when
it is
is
carried or shot
said to
away just
above the Deck.
When a Ship
By
of by
Stern. The
By
Wind, When a Ship
Wind
her Head can
with
Cabin, A Room
Apartment
Cable, A
Rope by which
By
the Head.
Water forward than
the
reverse
the
filled.
also a
Bed Place;
the Ship
large
Anchor.
as near to the
the Sails
lie
or
to the
the'^Head.
is
as
ed
deeper in the
is
aft.
is
secur-
Cables take their names from the
the best
to which they belong, as the JSheet Cable,

Bower Cable, &c. they are generally 120
Fathoms
in length.
Anchors
To bitt the Cable. See Bitts.

To heave in the Cable. To pull
it
into the
Ship
by the Capstern or Windlass.
To pay out the Cable. To stick it out of the

Hawse Hole.
To veer aivay the Cable. To slacken it so that
that it may run out, as in paying out.
To serve the Cable. To wrap it round with Rope
Horse Hide,
keep
To
Cable. To
Cable
That
Plait, or
to
slip the
Tier.
the Cables are coiled.
it
from chafing.
let it
run clear
part of the orlop
out.
Deck where
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
232
To
coil the Cable.
To
lay
it
^v..
on the Deck in a
circular form.
Caboose.
The place where the Victuals
are dress-
ed in Merchant-men.
Call
silver
Pipe or Whistle used by the Boat-
swain and his Mates, by the sounding of which they

call
lay,
up the hands,
&c.
direct
them
to
haul^ to veer, to be-
Canted*
Any
from
turned
thing
square
its
position.
Canvass,
Strong
Cloth, of
which the
Sails are
made.
Cap.
A Block of Wood which secures the
Top-
mast to the lower Mast.
To turn
Capstern. A Machine
over.
Capsize.
the Messenger,
by
which
for
is
drawing up the Anchor
taken round
plied to the Cable by the Nippers.

Careening. Heaving a Yessel
it,
down one
and
ap-
side, to
clean or repair her Bottom.
Bend.A
To Cast. To pay
Carrick
the
to
Head
Sails
bring the
kind of Knot.
Head off by backing

when heaving up the Anchor, sc as
Wind
Block. A
a Ship's
on the side required.
large double
Cat
used for drawing the Anchor up
Cat Head. A.
or three-fold
Block
to the Cat-head.
large piece of
Timber or Crane

projecting over the
clear
Bow* for drawing up
from the Ship's
Cat-harpins.
233
the
Anchor
side.
Short
legs of
Rope
seized to the
upper part of the lower Shrouds, and Futtock Staves,

to keep them from bulging out by the strain of the
Futtock Shrouds, and
permit the bracing up of
to
the lower Yards.
Cafs-paw.
light Air perceived
by
its
effect
on
Also a twist made on
the Water, but not durable.

the Bight of a Rope.
To Caulk.
To
the Sides, Decks,
Chains.
drive
Oakum
into the
Seams of
(fee.
Links of Iron
having dead Eyes
bolted to the Ship's side,
in the upper ends, to
which the
Shrouds are connected by the Lanyards.

Channels.
sides, to
side, to
Strong
broad Planks bolted to the
keep the dead Eyes in the Chains from the
spread the Rigging further out.
Chapelling-
A Ship
is
said to build a Chapel,
when by neglect in light winds she turns round so as

to bring the Wind on the same part which it was before she
moved.
A Ship pursued by
Bow Chase. A Gun
Chase. A gun pointing
another.
Chase.
in the fore part of the Ship.
/Stern
a-stern in the after
part of the Ship
To Chase,
To pursue,
to follow.
20*
234
'
To
Cheer.
KEDQE ANCHOR, OR
To
What
huzza.
cheer ho
sa-
lutation.
Chock-a-block.
To
clap on.
See Block and Block.
To make
fast,
as " clap on the stop-
pei^s" (^c.
To
claio
To beat
off.
windward from a
to
lee-
shore.
Cleats.
Pieces of Wood
to fasten
Ropes
to.
As near the Wind

Ship can
Club-hauling. Tacking by means of an Anchor.
Clues
square
Clews. The lower Corners of
Coamings. The Borders of
Hatchways which
Close-hauled.
as the
lie.
or
the
Sails.
the
are raised above the Deck.
Laying a Rope down in a circular form.

Companion. A wooden Covering over the Cabin
Hatchway.
Coilifig.
Course,
Ship
sails.
The Point of
Compass on which the

The Mainsail, Foresail, and Mizen, are
the
also called Courses.
A small Capstern.
To cun
Ship. To
Crab.
the
direct the
Helm's-man how
to steer.
Cut-water.
Davit.
Anchors.
The Knee of
the Head.
A Crane of Timber used
for fishing the
Dead Eye.
235
Block with three Holes
in, to re-
Lanyard of a Shroud or Stay.
ceive the
Dog-Vane.
Yane made of Cork and
small
Feathers, placed on the weather side of the Quarter
Deck.
A wreath of Rope placed round a Mast

the Halliards of a Topsail
To Douse. To
DolpJiin.
(see
Pudding.)
let fly
to
lower away briskly,
Doxon-hauler
sails,
Topmast Studding
Drift.
Tide.
Driving
(fcc.
Rope
leeward
to
driving
Drifts are also those parts
are cut off
and end with
down
to pull
with
the
where the Rails
Scrolls.
suspended
A large
the
Dunnage. Wood, &c.
Sail
Driver.
the Stay-
Sails, <fec.
to the
Mizen
Gaff.
laid at
Ship
to
Bottom of a
keep the Cargo dry.
Barings.
Small
Corners of square
Ropes
Sails,
to
make
To slacken.
a Rope
End for End. To
Ease
fast
the upper
&c.
off.
let
or Cable run quite
out.
When a
kre only
Fag End. The end
End
on.
Ship's
Bows and Head
Sails
seen.
of a
Rope which
twisted.
Fake.
One
Circle of a Coil of Rope.
is
un-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
236
Falling
off.
When a Ship moves from
the AVind
further than she ought.
Fid.
A tapered piece of Wood or Iron
Ropes with.
Also a piece of
Wood which
to splice
supports
one Mast upon the Tressle-trees of another.
To Jill.
To brace the Yards so that the wind mayon
strike the Sails
Flukes.
their after Surfaces.
The broad
Parts or
Palms of the An-
chors.
That part of the Ship nearest

Fore and Aft. The length- way of
Fore.
to
the Head.
the Ship, or
in the direction of the Keel.
Fore Castle.
A short Deck
in the fore part of the
Ship.
Forging a-head.
Forced a-head by the Wind.
When the Cables are twisted.

To Founder. To
Full and hy. See close-hauled.
the Sails
Furling. Making
the Yards by
Foul Hawse.
sink.
to
fast
the Gaskets.
Gaff.
A Spar
or
Yard
to
which the Mizen of a
Ship or the Mainsail of a Brig or Cutter
is
A Platform reaching from
Gang-way.
ter Deck to the
Fore-castle on each side.
bent.
the>Cluar-
Also the
place where persons enter the Ship.
Gasket.
Yard,
A piece of
Plait to fasten the Sails to the
237
Girt.
tight,
A Ship
is
girted
when
her Cables are too
which prevents her swinging.
Goose
J\eck.
An iron Hook the end of a Boom.

The outer extremities of a Main
at
Goose Wings.
or Foresail
when
loose, the rest of
being furled.
it
Cutting a Sail obliquely.

Gripe. A piece of Timber which joins the
Goring.
Keel
and the Cutwater.

Griping.
to
When a ship carries
her
Helm much
windward.
Gunnel. The upper
Guy. A.
part of a Ship's side.
rope to steady a Boom,
(fcc.
Gybing. '--When (by the Wind being

necessary to shift the
Boom
Halliards. TdiCkles or Ropes
To Hand. The same
large)
of a fore and
to hoist
it is
aft Sail.
up
the Sails.
as to furl.
Hatch-way. A square Hole in the Deck, which

communicates with the Hold or another Deck.
To Haul. --To Pull.
To Hail. To call out to another Ship.
A Clear Hawse. When the Cables are not twisted.

A Foul HaiOse.When the Cables lie across, or are
twisted.
Haivse Holes. The Holes through which the Cables pass.
Hawser. A small Cable.

To Heel. To incline to one
side.
KEDQE ANCHOR, OR
238
The Helm."- A wooden Bar put through

of a Rudder
also called a
To Hitch.'-Ho make fast.

The Hold. The lower apartment of
To Haul Home.
it
Horse.
the
Men
a Ship
where
To pull the Clew of a
Sail,
<fec.
will go.
A Rope made
fast to the
Yard, on which
stand.
HullThQ
body of a Ship.
Jeioel Blocks.
for the
Head
and goods are stowed.
the provisions
as far as
the
Tiller.
Blocks
at the
Topmast Studding
Jigger.
A purchase
Topsail Yard Arms,
Sail Halliards.
used in Merchant Ships
to
hold on the Cable.
Junk.
Pieces
Gaskets,
of old Cable, out of which Mats,
are made.
(fee.
Jury Masts.
Temporary Masts, stepped when the
others are carried or shot away.
Keckling.
Old
Rope passed round the Cable
at
short distances.
Kink.
A twist or turn in a Rope.
To Labour. To
pitch
and
roll heavily.
Discovering the Land.

Side.
Larboard. The
go the top Rope when
Launch ho To
Land-fall.
left
T(^mast
is
let
Le&ward.l^h.dii point towards which the

blows.
the
fidded.
Wind
When the Ship

movement
Lee-ioay, The
Lee-lurch.
rolls to
lateral
239
leeward.
of a Ship to
leeward.
Lee Tide.
same Way.
Lizard.
When
Wind and Tide
the
are the
A small piece of Rope with a Thimble,
spliced into a larger one.
Looming.
The
appearance of a distant Object
such as a Ship, the Land,

Lubber.
Luff.
Helm
(fee.
A Sailor who does
A direction
to the
not
know
his duty.
Steer's-man to put the
to leeward.
Luff Tackle.
large
Tackle, consisting of a
double and a single Block.
Lying to. See to bring to.

To Man the Yards. To send'' Men upon
Messenger.
Rope attached
to
them.
the Cable, to
heave up the Anchor by.
Mizen.
The aftermost Sail in a Ship.

To secure a Ship by more
To Moor.
than one
Cable.
Moorings.
The place where a Vessel
is
moored.
Also Anchors with Chains and Bridles laid in Rivers

for
Men
of
War
^Neap Tides.
the
Moon
is
to ride by.
Those Tides which
in her (Quarters,
the Spring Tides.
happen when
and are not
so highâs
240
Neaped,
is left
Ship
is
neaped when she
said to be
on Shore by these Tides, and must wait
for
the next Spring Tides.
To Near the Land. To approach the Shore.

No Near. A direction to the Hehn's-man to put
the Hehn a little a- weather, to keep the Sails full.
To let her come no nearer to the Wind.
Nippers.
to the
Plaiting or
Selvages
bind the Cable
to
Messenger.
Off and On.
and leaving
it
Coming near the Land on one Tack,

on the
other.
Sea from the Land.

Offing. Out
Orlop Deck. The lowest Deck
the Ship, lying
to
in
on the beams of the Hold.

Cables are
coiled^,
The
Out the Ship.

of
Overhauling. ^To haul a
Overboard.
till it is
slack.
Rope through a
Also examining a Ship,
A Rope by which a Boat

To Pass. To hand anything from one
Painter.
is
or to place a
Rope
(fcc.
made
to
fast.
another
or Lashing round a Yard,
(fee.
on any
To rub Tar,
with a Brush.
Head recede from
To make
To pay
Wind by backing the Head
the
end
a
4ro peak up. To
windward.
Turning
Plying.
To pay.
Pitch,
thing,
(fee.
a Ship's
off.
Sails, (fee.
the
*
kept.
of
fall
Block
place vvhere the
and where other Stores are
raise
to
after
of
Gaff.
241
Pooping,
is
A Ship
is
said to be pooped,
when she
struck by a heavy Sea, on the Stern or (Quarter.
Port.
To the
Helm's-man
word
the
to
This term
left side.
put the
" larboard,^^
Helm
to
the affinity of sound in the
Preventer.
Any
the
to
make
is
left,
used
to the
instead of
a distinction from
word starboard.
thing for temporary security;
a Preventer Brace, &c.
as.
Quarter.
That
part of a Ship's side
Main Chains and the Stern.

Racking a Fall. Seizing
fall
between the
the parts of ^ Tackle-
together by cross turns.
Rake. ^The projection of a Ship at the Stem and

Stern, beyond the extent of the Keel
also the incli-
nation of a Ship's Masts either forward or aft from a
perpendicular Line.
Range
to
of Cable.
permit the Anchor
To
lings
rattle
down
to
sufficient length
drop
to
hauled up,
the bottom.
the Shrouds.
To
fix the Rat-
on them.
To reef. To reduce a Sail, by tying it round

the Yard with points.
To reeve. To put a Rope through a Block, &c.
To ride.--To be held by the Cable. To " ride
easy," is when a Ship does not labour much.
To
" ride hard," is when the Ship pitches with violence.
To rig. To fit the Rigging to the Masts.
To right. A Ship is said to right when she ris-
21
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
242
es to her upright position, after being laid
down by
a violent squall.
To right
its
the
and
fore
Helm.
To put
it
a-midships, or in
Keel.
aft position, parallel to the
To round
in.
To
haul in a Brace,
<fcc.
which
is
not very tight.
To
rouse
in.
To haul
in the slack part of
the
Cable.
To run down.
When one Ship sinks another by
running over her.
To scud. To sail
To scuttle a ship.
before the
Wind
To make holes
in a storm.
in her
bottom
to sink her.
To
serve.
To wind any thing round
aope, to prevent
its
To make or bind.
and not
To go and
To seize.
To sheer.
a Cable or
being chafed.
fast
in
out,
in a direct
course.
To ship. To put any thing on board. To " ship

a >S'ea," when the Sea breaks into the Ship.
To shiver. To make the Sails shake.
The Slack of a Rope, ^c That part which
hangs
'
loose.
To slip a Cable. To let it run out to the end.

To slue. To turn any thing about.
To sound. To find the bottom by a leaden Plum-
met.

To take a
Spell.
Lead, the Pump,
To
spill.
&c.
splice.
turn on duty at the
<fec.
To take the
the Braces,
To
To be in
243
Wind
out of the Sails by
in order to reef or
hand them.
To join two ropes together, by uniting
the Strands.
Spoondrift.
continued flying of the Spray
and Waves over the Surface of the Sea.
To spring a Mast.-To crack or spUt it.

Spring. A Rope made fast to the Cable
at the
Bow, and taken in abaft, in order to expose the

Ship's side to any direction.
Spring Tides. The highest Tides at the Full
and Change of the Moon.
To keep in the Course.

To be ready.
Starboard. The right
To manage a Ship by the movement
To
To stand
To stand
on.
hy.
side.
steer.
of the Helm.
To stopper
out,
the Cable.
To keep
by fastening short Ropes
to
it,
it
from running
called Stoppers.
One of the Divisions of a Rope.

broken^
Stranded. When one of the Divisions
Strand.
is
Also
when
be got
To
off,
is
Stretch.
a press of
To
a Ship
she
is
run on Shore so that she cannot*
said to be Stranded.
To stand on
different
Tacks under
Sail.
Strike.
To beat against tho bottom.
Also
to
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
244
Lowering
commonly termed striking them.
lower the Flag in token of submission.

the Topmasts
is
To surge the Messenger. To slack it suddenly.

To sioay. To hoist up the Yards and Topmasts.
To swing. To turn a Ship from one side of her
Anchor
To
to the other, at the
tack.
change of the Tide.
To turn a Ship by the
Sails
and Rud-
der against the wind.
A corruption of Tight.
Long, Lofty.
Taught.
Taunt.
Tending.
The
movement of a
Vessel in swing-
ing at Anchor.
Tier,
The place where Cables are

To on
Courses.
coiled.
Traverse,
different
sail
a rope runs freely through a Thimble,
When
ifcc. it is
said
to traverse.
Trying.
Laying
to in a
Gale of
Wind under
a small Sail.
Windward. Tacking. "

Twice-laid Stuff. Rope made from the Yarns
Turning
to
a Cable, &c.
To
veer
slacken
of
which has been half worn.
and
haul.
To
pull a
Rope and then
it.
To unbend. To cast loose.

To unmoor. To reduce a Ship
to a
single
An-
chor, after riding by two.
To unreeve. To pull a Rope out of a Block.

To unrig. To deprive a Ship of her Rigging.
245
To unship.
which
it
To take any thing from the place in
was
fixed.
Waist of a Ship. The part between the Main

and Fore Drifts also a term sometimes used for the
spare or waste Anchor, from
being stowed near
its
the Fore Drift, or Fore Part of the Waist.
Wake. The Track
left
which she has passed
ter
by the Ship on the Wa-
over.
See Bends.
To turn a Ship round from the Wind.
To
vmrp. To move a Ship by Hawsers,
Watch, A division of the Ship's company who
Wales.
loare.
T'o
<fec.
keep the Deck
One
for a certain time.
is
called star-
hoards and the other the larboard Watch.
Water-logged.
she
is
so full
of
The
state of
a leaky Ship
Water
as to be
heavy and unman-
when
ageable.
Way
of a Ship.
Her progress through the Wa-
ter.
To weather a Ship.
A weather
to
Tide.
A Tide
to
windward of her.
which runs
or Stream
windward.
Weather-beaten.
^y
To get
Any
thing
worn
or
damaged
bad weather.
To
toeigh.
To
heave the Anchor
out of the
Ground.
To
lohip.
To bind the end of a Rope with Yarn,

21*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OH
246
to
prevent
its
untwisting
a Rope which
blows in a
also to hoist
any thingTjy
reeved through a single Block.
is
Wind's Eye.
That point
from which the wind
direct Line.
Between Wind and Water. That part of the

Ship's bottom which is just at the surface of the Water, or what is called the Water Line.
To wind a Boat^ ^c.
To
turn
it
round from
its
original Position.
Wind-rode.
of her
Anchor
When the Ship

solely
To Windward,
the
Wind
is
kept a-stern, &c.
by the Wind.
Towards
that point
from whence
blows.
To work
against the
to
Windward.
To
Wind by Tacking.
make a
progress
247
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
Boatsioain.
1.
This
ho!ds a station in the Ship of the
officer
To
greatest possible utility.
all
other inferior officers
a specified duty is assigned, but with the Boatswain

is
it
otherwise, and consequently his vigilance should
ever be on the
and
alert,
He ought
where.
for
his eyes should be
example
be
to
every
a thorough
seaman, and a good rigger, he should be active

of limb, quick of sight, and ready in the exercise
of
mental
his
faculties,
but
tions will fall short of their
all
due
these
eflfect,
qualifica-
unless he be
possessed of good temper and be of sober habits.
though the Boatswain

officer,
is to
Al-
consider himself a day
he should bear in mind, that
at night
he
is
subject to the call of the Lieutenant of the Watch.
The Boatswain
morning
will be required to inspect every
the standing
and running rigging, and
port their state to the Officer of the

repairs be needed, or
form the
first
new
Watch.
rope required, he
re-
Should
is to
Lieutenant immediately afterwards.
in-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
248
Squaring Yards.
2.
Simple as
it is
may seem the
[Hints.)
process of Squaring Yards,
which requires a
nevertheless a piece of duty,
And
considerable degree of precision.
sion can never be obtained, without
this
preci-
a knowledge
of the principle upon which the yards should be

s
quared.
Boatswain, ignorant of this principle, will gene-
rally proceed
thus
he
first
BowSes
taut the lower
Trusses, squares the yards by the Braces, and quite regardless of the distance of the Topsail
Yards from
their
respective Caps, or looking to see if the yards are amid-
Chief Boatswain's Mates
ships, directs the
station
Boom
on the Jib
to take his
end, whilst he himself pro-
ceeds in the Boat ahead of the ship, to square the
Yards by the
to
be topped
away upon
~
to
Starboard, the Boatswain will top
that yard
vers he has topped

sore,
until
Should the foreyard be required
Lifts.
it
Arm,
until
too high
by chance he disco-
he then sings out " Foreyard
he
raises
the Larboard
the Starboard.
remedy
to
to Port,"
Yard
Producing by
Arm
this a
yard.
He
as
high as
bow
in the
then squares the Foretopsail yard, by the
foreyard,
yarji to a bit of
Main yard
eye-
system of top-
ping and never settling a most unsightly
towed
this
and Tops
and of course
treats the fore
a bend likewise.
in hand,
He
Topsail
then takes the
which though probably square by
249
the Lifts, can no longer look so in his eye, because
the yard
arms are not made

"
the foreyard.
cock up
to
Main Yard
to
like those of
Starboard," he sings
out with an audible voice, the Lift
is
topped several
Starboard, and then to Port, until the yard
feet to
assumes the desired Cock the Boatswain has in his

In squaring the Loftier yards by the
eye.
Lifts,
Boatswains seldom take the precaution of placing
hands
to attend the
Top
Gallant Braces.
be remembered, that the topping of the
It
should
Lifts, alter
and disturb the square position of the yards by the

Braces,
less
these
they be
may
appear minute matters, but un-
strictly observed,
yards never can be pro-
perly squared.
Hints.
Before squaring yards the Boatswain
commended
to see that the Masts
the lofty spars are upright and
all
is re-
and particularly
in one.
fre-
It
quently happens that after the Boatswain has squared

all
the yards fore and
inclination in one
nevertheless
aft,
of the
he detects an awkward
Top
Gallant Masts
he
returns on board, and reports to the
senior Lieutenant, yards squared and ropes taut, but
afterwards desires the Captain of the
a pull of the Starboard or Larboard
Top to get""
Top Gallant
Breast Back stay, forgetting that this very pull affects

the
Top
Gallant
Lifts,
position of the yards.
and consequently
alters the
The first thing after the
are all in one, or upright as
you choose
to
masts
term
it,
is
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
250
to get
your yards exactly amidships by your Rolling
Tackles, and then get them snugly trussed to the
mast and square them by the braces.
Note. All yards above
the
Lower
yards, ought to
be the depth of the cap, above the cap, before you
tempt
to
square
it
by either
squaring yards you ought

to
bow your yards
Lifts, or Braces.
to
at-
Wlien
be very particular not
up, nor yet to
let
the yard
arms
droop down, but be very particular that your yards

lay perfectly parallel, for
yards
bow
up, and
droop down.
When you
looks
looks bad to see a ship's

still
In squaring your
you ought to be very
when you
it
it
worse, to see them
Top
Gallant yards,
particular in attending the braces,
are topping on
your Top Gallant
top on either of your Lifts,
slack the brace at the same time, and
hand look out

the braces.
It
the Boatswain
for the yard, to see that
Lifts.
you ought
to
let
a careful
it is
square by
not unfrequently happens that after
makes
his report to the Senior Lieu-
tenant or the officer of the watch, that " Everything

is
well and in order aloft," Shirts, Trowsers, and
ten scrubbed
Hammocks,
of-
are seen from other ships,
suspended before the heel of the Topmast, or in positions
purposely sought,
ficer of the deck, or first
to
avoid the eye of the Of-
Lieutenant.
251
3.
Turning
the
Hands up.
{Hints.)
In turning the Hands up or calling the Crew to

the performance of their duties, the Boatswain tooof<
ten indulges in piercing pipes,
superfluous length.
demonstrate the soundness of their
propensity to
lungs,
and drawling tones of
Boatswains have a singular
by an endless protraction of a note on
piercing pipes
their
they should not be so fond of supply-
ing the deficiency of Sea birds.
This
when
give
it
is
not the worst feature in their
at last
taste, for
they utter the required summons, they
forth in tones so drawling, that the
first
words
are often forgotten before the last words are out.
H-a-nd-s a-b-ou-t JS-h-i-p.

This lengthy summons, and a longer winded whistle,
and each pipe and phrase three times repeated by the
Note.
A-l-l
Boatswain and his mates, the ship

fore the leader of the
he has Paid
band
is
may
be ashore be-
convinced
how
dearly
for the Whistle."
4. Inspections^
{Morn ing and Evenivg.) Hints.
In the morning the Boatswain will be required to

inspect as early as possible the state and condition of
the standing and running rigging, and to report the

result of his
examination
to the officer of the
morn-
252
ing watch.
He
should be particularly careful
to see
that the Ratlines of the ris^ging are properly secure,
that the Topsail sheet service
the
all
quarter and
is
not chafed, and that
Paunch Matts
properly
are
placed.
Evening. The Boatswain should inspect

ing quarters
all
at even-
the Rigging Stoppers, and necessary
gear required upon the occasion of clearing for action, so, that in the
enemy
at night,
immediate use
event of being surprised by an
such gear
he
gles, fitted to the
may be
placed
at
hand
for
should also see that the Tog-
lower and topsail Braces, be secure-
ly seized to their respective parts.
5.
Inspection of
Stoioed Anchors.
{Hints.)
In boisterous weather and particularly
if
the ship
be labouring or lurching heavily, the Boatswain

should inspect the several Anchors, and see that they
be securely stowed.
in a
In small vessels whose Anchors
heavy sea are constantly buried under water
is necessary to take the precaution of passing
venter Stocks and
Shank lashings. The
it
Pre-
quarter boats
should be also inspected, and the Boatswain should

report to the officer of the
inspection.
watch the
result of
such
253
6.
Setting vp the rigging at Sea.
{Hints.)
Whenever it is required to set up the lower shrouds

at sea, the Topmast Shrouds should be all let gOj
this practice is recommended upon the presumption
that the Lower rigging will not be cast loose, or set
up on the occasion of a swell, or that the Ship be
rolling or pitching.
by
letting
has been well observed that
It
go two Topmast Shrouds
at
a time, an un-
even strain has been brought upon the futtock, which

prevents the Shrouds of the lower rigging being
Upon
equally drawn down.
up
the
Lower rigging
at sea
have ready prepared as

that
many
two shrouds may be
there
may
Shroud
to
all
it is
set
occasions of setting
always advisable
to
Luffs as possible, so
up
at
a time, and that
be no delay in shifting the Tackles from
Shroud.
When
the lower rigging
the futtock plates should be beaten
down
is
up,
to the top,
and the Shrouds set tautly up by means of tackles

ready hooked to their respective Laniards. The
method of employing the Spanish Windlass for the

purpose of setting up these Shrouds is not to be recommended. It occupies too much time and often
creates unnecessary delay before the topmast rigging
can be
set up.
swain
is
not
In staying the Topmasts the Boat-
recommended
to
bouse too
far
forward
the heads of the mast, and he should recollect that

the Angle formed
by the main Topmast stay with

22
254
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
the Fore Top,
is
considerably greater than that of
the Foretop Mast with the Bowsprit, and consequently that the lever of the former
is
more powerful than
that of the latter.
Inspection of Boats'.
7.
Every evening
after sunset the
{Hints.)
Boatswain will be
required to inspect the Boats on the Booms, to see

that they be perfectly clear,
and that
their slings be
severally hooked in readiness for hoisting out.
Tropical climates
it is
strongly
recommended
cover the boats after the sun has
they
may
benefit
by the dew and
set,
air.
should be made up and placed in the
to
In
un-
in order that
Each cover
Bow
of the
Boat.
8.
Slacking the Jib Stay in had weather. {Hints.)
The Jib stay is always set up as taut as a harpstring,

consequently, when it comes on to blow, both the
spray of the
sea,
and the
rain, tend to tauten
it
more,
in.
must assist to spring the Boom, work

the Bowsprit, and cause unnecessary strain upon the
pitching too
it
rope
Whenever
itself.
:.
' t ,
it
blows so fresh that the Jib
255
is
not likely to be
set,
the Jib stay should be slacked.
If it be required subsequently to setting the sail, no-
thing can be easier than to set the stay up, while the
Jib
is
loosing,
9.
bear this in mind.
Clearing for Action.
The Boatswain
{Hints.)
should see that the rigging stop-
pers should be placed on the Poop, Quarter deck
and Forecastle abreast of
their
respective shrouds,
that the Topsail sheets be severally stoppered,
Top
sail
yards securely slung, and that
Braces be attached to the
preventer
Lower and Topsail
fore
yards.'
and
and main Tackles, and a proper
Should time permit of the precaution, the
main runners,
the
fore
proportion of stout Stuffs should be lighted on the
Booms ready
at
hand, and whips ready rove to whip
the runners to their respective pendants
the mast
head pendants should be previously lashed abaft the
mast head.
ion,
For the purpose
when every second
of the
first
moment,
it is
of,
and on
this
occas-
of time that can be saved

strongly
recommended
the runners with stout salvages and toggles.
pared
to lashing, the
to
is
fit
Com-
method of toggling the runnner
becomes a mere momentary operation.
Some
ships
previously to going into action, have lashed their runners, taken
them forward and
set
them up, and have
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
256
also
boused up their fore and main Tackles, on each
side, the propriety
of this practice becomes a matter
of question, inasmuch as the runners and Tackles
more likely to be shot away when aloft, than

when lying low, bighted along upon the Booms.
The Boom cover should also be taken off, and all
are
the minor Lashings of the Spare Spars cast

it
to
may
off,
for
be necessary, even in the middle of an action,
to a spare Spar to lash up and

Lower mast. A coil of stretched rope and
of Spun Yarn, should be sent aloft and placed
have recourse
down
a ball
the
in each Top.
Note. It is
main mast of
action,
said that Paul Jones,
perceiving the
his ship totter, in a severely contested
whipt the spare Jib
the Mast, converting
it
Boom up and down,
into a fish,
and securing the
two spars together by means of long nippers passed

on the bight^ and hove taut by Handspikes, Spanish
Windlass fashion.
10.
Caution in getting in the Bowsprit. {Hints,)
In getting in the Bowsprit, care must be taken

that the
Main purchase be overhauled down
the Bumpkins, for should the purchase
ed before and under the

possible to
lift
Bumpkin
it
fall
abaft
be pass-
would be im-
the Bowsprit higher.
The Spar
257
must necessarily be lowered again
into the water, the
purchase untoggled and shifted abaft the Bumpkin,
and
in fact all the
work must be done over
again,
(bear this in mind.)
11.
Stopping out Top Gallant
Yard
ropes,
{Hints.)
The practice of permitting the Topmen to stop the

Top Gallant Yard ropes out at their own convenience, and consequently at unstated periods,
is at vari-
ance with that order and regularity which should

ever characterize the duties and discipline of a vessel
of war.
In well regulated ships, the
officer
of the watch
following the movements of the Senior Officers, directs the
Boatswain or his mates
to pipe
"
Out yard
ropes," if tripping lines are tolerated the yard rope
and tripping
pursuing
and
line
men
should
lie
out together, by
this system, the yards will be kept square,
will not (as
is
of constant occurrence) be seen for
an hour and a half before sunset topping in

directions.
The same
placing on whips for
different
rufe should be observed
Hammock
lines.
22*
when
Girtlines, or Clothes
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
268
Preventer Braces.
12.
It is desirable to establish
when
a general rule that
the Topsails are treble reefed, the Preventer Braces

are to be placed
tackles in the
on the Yards, and
Gunroom
that the relieving
be placed at hand ready for
use.
13.
Reeving Running Rigging.
In reeving running rigging the Boatswain
recommended
to reeve and
may
List"
However
cut.
correct the " Rigging
appear there will be always found a

in rope,
the difference invariably errs
allowance being said
and so
it
on the wrong
to be shorter
side, the
than the measure-
It
were much
to
be desired that the run-
ning rigging, previously to reeving, should be

at the Capstan.
end through the

the rope of
many
through the block.
sail
The
of
is
its
stretch-
old practice of taking the
Coil, will in
turns out of a rope
Top
diflfer-
happens that
per Rope.
Note.
ed
not
and reeve, but on the contrary
to cut
ence of a few fathoms
ment,
is
some measure
relieve
kinks, but taking the
not sufficient to facilitate
Such ropes
mere
its
run
as Topsail Sheets,
Gallant Sheets, after Braces, and Jib and Stay-
Haliards should be
all
stretched before they are
rov^ in their respective Blocks.
Moreover,
if
there
be any time more than another, that a vessel will require her ropes to run freely,
of her
first
it is
upon
t&e occasion
leaving port, with a green and undisci-
plined crew.
Topsail Tyes.
14.
Topsail Tyes are
now
ently long to send the
rove in some ships
suffici-
Yards down with, and when
not wanted for that purpose, the surplus ends pertaining to the standing parts secured to the
Mast
In some ships a strop and thimble are
fitted
head.
under the rigging, or a score cut in the heel of the Topgallant mast, for the purpose of reeving through the
standing parts of the Tye, which
is
secured Breech-
ing fashion by two strong seizings, and then stopped
down
the
method
The
sail
Topmast
will be
rigging.
found
to
save
In shifting yards
much time and
this
trouble.
surplus end will also answer to shng the Top-
yard with, when going into action.
15.
Blacking
the
Rigging.
In blacking the rigging the
first
should be taken by the Boatswain
{Hints.)
precaution that
is to
cover with
260
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
old Canvass or
Hammocks
and particularly the Caps.
Mast Heads,
the lower
The Blacking
should be
put on hot.
Thin Tar with a
Lamblack, hot
certain portion of
Salt water, whiskey and a
little
Litharge mixed toge-
make an admirable mixture for blacking the

It is not recommended to blacken the Royrigging.
Gallant rigging aloft this rigging may
and
Top
al
ther,
be previously blackened and triced up
tl^ See composition
10.
to dry.
for Blacking.
Top Gallant Mast Hopes.
For expedition, the Mast rope rove upon
the bight,
with lizards taken through the Royal sheave must
manner of Adding Masts by

double operation of two Mast ropes namely, the
be preferred
the
to the old
long and the short.
If delay
is
desired
or in other
words people prefer going the longest way
to
work,
the short mast rope must be put in requisition.
The
mast rope, however, rove upon the bight with

is
lizards,
better calculated for harbour practice than for sea
service.
The Mast rope which
as applicable to every purpose
lows.
The Rope is
is
here recommended
may
be
fitted
as fol-
rove as usual, stopped to the
Top
Gallant mast head and Royal sheave hole, leaving a
YOUNG
long end over the upper stop
Cap
261
sailor's ASSISTANT.
to hitch to the
To
before cutting the stops.
Bolt in the
prevent the ropes
from slipping, rack both parts together above the

sheave hole in the heel of the mast.
Fore and Main Buntlines.
17.
The
to
Buntlines of the Courses are frequently found
jamb
aloft,
and when rove on the bight and led
forward constantly
become Cable
to
and
will be found to lead fairer
higher up by fitting them

In the fore part of the
laid.
to
Buntlines
haul the
sails
following method.
after the
Top between
the Trusseltrees
cut two holes, into these holes insert leaden pipes
backstay
fall
Hook
fashion.
to the
foremost Bolt on
each side of the Lower Cap a block through which
each Buntline leg
is
be rove, take each through
to
them down before
the holes cut in the Top, and pass

all,
and toggle them
part to be led aft
to the foot of the sail, the
hauling
through the Lubber's hole, and a
block turned in at a proper distance to allow the after
Through this block
leg to act the part of a pendant.
a whip purchase
is
by
rove,
lines will be
always kept
upon
go the whips,
letting
In Port,
when
the ship
with the ropes rove
clear,
is
may
this
to
method
and
the Bunt-
they will be
found
overhaul themselves.
moored, the Buntline blocks
be unhooked from the Bolts
^62
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
in the
Cap and placed
in the
Top
immediately over
the holes, through which the foremost legs are rove in.
Futtock Shrouds.
18.
In
all vessels
long.
of war the Futtock Shrouds are too
Ships whose lower yards are slung high and
brace sharply up have their futtock shrouds considerably shorter than the established length.
19.
Many Seamen
asserting that
Tops and half Tops.

affect to
disapprove of half Tops,
two halves can never be
ed as one whole,
this is
mere
so well secur-
prejudice, for practical
purposes a half top must be always preferred.
20.
The
Striking Topmasts.
absence of forethought, or a
little
practical
precaution on the part of the Boatswain and Petty

Officers, is
sometimes the cause of
when
this operation be-
hands are turned
ing one of no
little
up
Topmasts, the Laniards of the
to
strike
labour,
the
after
263
Backstays and Topmast rigg-ing should be severallyslacked, whilst the Jib Stay, fore topmast staysail
Haliards, Topsail haliards. Topsail Lifts, Reef Tackles
Top
and
Gallant sheets ought to be well over-
hauled, steady hands should also be placed to attend

the spring and standing stays.
When
letting
blowing hard head
bend
stantly
in the cap,
to wind,
go and overhauling too
much
Should there be any unusual

tackle pendants,
for a
it
Topmasts con-
from the circumstance
to "
were well
strain
Top
on the
stand fast" the
falls
aloft
may
of the Trussletrees, for the
most
few seconds, in order that the people
examine the vicinity
of
of the stays.
minute rope jambed between the Trussletrees and
may produce sufficient strain to carry away

Top Tackle falls if not the pendants. This pre-
the Mast,
the
caution
is
of striking
more particularly
Topmasts in the
directed during periods
dark.
When
the Masts
and
are struck they should be kept on the right slew,

their heels securely lashed, in the event of the
parting, or
Topsails
it
becomes necessary
with the Mast down.
Sheep shanking Backstays

Backstays
may
is
Ship
to set close reefed
The
practice
of
not recommended, the
be set up through the
medium
good Lufl Tackles, and by such means the mast
of
may
be rendered sufficiently secure to support the strain

of a close reefed Topsail.
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
264
21.
Stoaying up Topmast.
In performing this heavy operation every care

should be taken
to
overhaul well, and
to see
that
such of the standing and running rigging are perfectly' clear
which are calculated
cent of the masts.
The
Topsail
to
Lifts,
impede the
as-
Topsail Tyes,
Reef Tackles, Jib and Staysail Halyards should be

well overhauled below and
the
aloft,
and the Laniards of
Topmast rigging and Backstays be got ready for
moment the mast is fidded and stayed.

The Forecastle men forward should have Luffs lead
along the Bowsprit, and Tackles up and down the
Foremast, ready for staying the Fore and Main Top-
setting up, the
masts.
Top
No Topmasts
tackle pendant.
should be fidded by a single
It is
true that small vessels are
not allowed a second Pendant, but such ships should

reeve a hawser through the
Dead sheave
for the pur-
pose of acting the part of a preventer in the event of

the
Top Tackle
fall
patting.
The same
precaution
should be taken with respect to the position of the

Cross Trees over head as has been already mention-
ed under the head of rigging Topmasts.
Note. Such Ships should be prepared with stoptwo tails and a Toggle, so as to clap on
pers, with
the
Top Tackle Pendants about a foot abaft and unTop Block hooked to the Cap. Topmasts
der the
ascend comparatively easy until the Fid hole becomes
265
within six inches of the Trusseltrees, then a heavystrain
brought upon the Pendants and particularly
is
upon the
falls.
Unmooring.
22.
It
frequently occurs in unmooring vessels of
that the
veering cable
weighing the
been
felt at
first
is
War
not sufficiently veered.
Anchor a considerable
strain
In
has
the Capstan in consequence of the ship
not being permitted to bring the Cable up and down.

It is
recommended
Cable
harm,
is
it
said
is,
veer 3 or 4 fathoms after the
to
be up and down, this can do no
will put the
Anchor, that
ping
to
whole
strain of the
weighing, and thereby
it.
23.
Reef Lines
to the
Few ships in .the service are
Topsails.
fitted witli
In some ships they are attached.

sails
Ship on the
facilitate trip-
when blowing
fresh
and particularly when
steering a course, or going large.

terially to spill the sail,
these Lines.
In reefing Top-
Reef lines
assist
ma-
and enable the men on the
yards
to get
hold of the points, which are difficult to
reach
when
the Canvass
Reef lines are thus

rope, splice
is
fitted.
bellying to the
breeze.
Take^ a piece of small
one end into an eyelet hole into the head

23
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
266
of the
sail,
êize
reef Points,
it
around the neck of one of the
on the
line with the eyelet hole, leaving
vent the
sail girting,
ond, then the third

seize
it
enough slack
then seize
reef, splice
it
under
to pre-
to the sec-
an eye in the end, and
neck of a close reef point.
to the
In large
ships there should be thrse reef lines, on each
arm, in small vessels
24.
To
first
foreside of the sail in a straight
Iwo
yard
will be sufficient.
Reefing Courses.
execute this service with security as well as
celerity, the reef
earings
sufficiently strong to bear
Boom
Jiggers,
by
this
should*be formed of rope
being boused out by the
method the inner turns of
may be passed with facility.

The outer Earing should be led through
small rope
or cheek fitted for the purpose, this earing
remembered,
for the
is
reef pendant,
to
a block
must be
not to be considered as a substitute

it
should also be hooked and
hauled out by a separate Tackle.
cutom now,
it
fit
all reef
It is
the general
earings on the bight, and
pass on both ends.
25.
When Top
Top Gallant Masts
struck.
Gallant masts are struck, care ^should
267
be taken that a small mat be placed between the
Topmast and
the heel of the
Top
proper heel lashings should also be

pose of securing the
That
part of
the pur-
latter.
Keeping a
26.
Gallant masts,
fitted for
clear Anchor.
seamanship which
thod of tending a ship
relates to the
to the tide, or in other
of keeping the Cable clear of the Anchor
may
me-
words,
not be
inaptly termed the blind branch, of the mariner's art,
the
Buoy
floating
position of the
From
eers
it
being
is
is
Pilot,
and
to give
to place less
ofii-
practice, the art of keeping a
by many considered a
were Lieutenants
matter,
to point to the
Anchor hidden under water.

little understood, and by young
seldom put in
clear anchor,
but,
on the surface being the only pos-
guide that the seaman possesses,
sible
more
difficult task,
attention to the
dependence on the Master or
they would soon attain every necessary
know-
ledge to meet the most difficult tide case.
27.
In order
Anchor turning in
to
the
Ground.
ensure the certainty of the Anchor
turning in the ground with the tending or swinging
268
OR
of the ship,
it is
recommended (whenever it is
ble) to resort to this practice
the
same
for if the
Anchor
side of her
To
at
each change of
Anchor should not turn
Cable will get
foul, either
per fluke, and
trip
it
possi-
shoot the ship on

tide,
in the ground, the
about the stock or the up-
out of the ground.
Remember
this.
To tend
28.
Let
it
be supposed that a ship
anchor upon a Lee

rection of the tide,
feel
To
effect
is
riding at single
with the wind in same
tide,
and that
windward
tide setting to
the Anchor.
gins to
a weather Tide.
to
to
it
tend the Ship clear of
this, as
soon as the ship be-
the turn of the weather tide,
the vessel brings the
aft,
and that
wind broad on the weather bow,
the head sails should be hoisted and the
hauled
di-
be required upon the
Lee sheets
Anchor
Lee, and
in order to shoot the sliipfrom her
on a taut Cable, the Helm must be put
kept in that position until the tide sets the ship over
to
windward of her Cable, and the Buoy appearing

side with the Helm.
If from light
on the same
winds the Buoy bears
may
it
be hauled
nearly: abeam, her
down, but
if
head
the breeze be strong
sails
and
causes the ship to shoot in a direction nearly end
on with that of the Cable, bringing the Buoy on her

quarter,
it
will be necessary to
keep the Fore top*
YOUNG
mast Staysail
sailor's ASSISTANT.
269
check the vessel should
set in order to
she be disposed to break her shear against the action

of her helm, or be inclined to drop to windward, and
"go
over" her anchor in a broadside or lateral di-
rection.
29.
A Man
Ship be going
If the
through the water,
Overboard.
free,
it is
and particularly
recommended
with the head-yards aback,
for
it
is
to
if fast
bring too
obvious that
if
Main yard be left square, the Ship will be longer

coming too, will shoot farther, increase the distance
from the man, and add materially to the delay of sucIt will however require judgment, especially
cour.
if blowing fresh, to be careful and right the Helm in
time, or the Ship will fly too, too much, gain sternway, and risk the boat in lowering down.
the
The best authority recommends, that if possible, the

Ship should not only be hove aback when a man
falls
overboard, but she ought to be brought round on
the other tack, of course sail ought to be shortened

in Stays,
and the Main yard kept square.
This plan
implies the ship being on a wind, or from the position of
the
having the wind not above two points abaft
Beam.
ceeding
is
The great
that
if
the
merit of such a method of pro-
evolution succeeds, the Ship

23*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
270
when round
will drift
although there
may
down towards
be some small
the
man, and
risk in lowering
the Boat in stays from the ship, having at one period
Sternway, there will in
fact be little time lost, if the
boat be not lowered until the Ship be well round,
and the sternway
There
an end.
at
is
more mischief
done generally by lowering the boat too soon than
by waiting
it
coolly.
until the fittest
And
it
moment
arrives for doing
cannot be too often repeated, that
almost the whole depends upon the self-possession of

the Ofiicer of the Deck.
Hailing
30.
Aloft.
Hailing Aloft in well regulated Ships

pressed by the Boatswain, for bluster
dication of but
'
All noise
work
little
much
re-
or the truth of the adage,
Stay and Haliards.
For various reasons it

Cheek Blocks which
the
Top Mast head
for the
ropes, together
Haliards.
is
a general in-
and no work."
31. Jih
two
is
In the
is
advisable to dispense with
are usually fitted to the fore
purpose of reeving the above
with the fore Topmast staysail
first
place, if the foretopmast be
271
sprung or carried away in chase^ and that
quired to shift the mast with
siderable time
cheek blocks
all
it
be re-
possible speed, con-
taken up in removing and replacing
is
at the
Mast head.
But independently
of these reasons, the Stay and Haliards should be
rove under the Mast head,
if
only
to
keep them clear
of the foot of the Topgallant Sail.

NoTt.'.
In some ships, the Jib and Fore
Topmast
Staysail Haliards are rove through ginns fitted for
Ginns are however not supplied
the purpose.
ships, but
you can always
fit
fiddle blocks
in all
under the
eyes of your rigging, your Jib and Staysail Haliards

reeve in the upper sheave, and the Topsail Buntlines
in the lower ones.
32. Proportions for Cables.
The
Sheet and Bower Cable 1 inch in circumfer-
ence for every 2
feet
of beam.
The Stream Cable
and Messenger f of the Sheet or Bower, Chain Caan allowance is
bles are frequently used for Bowers,
made
of ^ of an inch for the diameter of the wire of
the Links, for every inch of circumference of the
Hemp
Cables, the
Iron rigging
Note.
is
same
rule applies in
substituted for
all
cases
where
Hemp.
Cable yarns are spun f longer than the

Cable for which they are intended. The yarns for
KEDQE ANCHOR, OR
272
120 fathoms of Cable must be 200 fat'noms long,
for
a shroud laid rope the yarns are i longer,

60 fathoms.
for
33. Proportions
i.
e.
90
for Anchors.
For the Sheet and Bower Anchors, take f the

number of feet which the ship draws with all her
stores, &c.,
on board, and add
it
to the breadth of
beam, and allow one cwt. for every
foot.
The
stream Anchor f of the Sheet or Bower.

For ships smaller than Frigates an allowance of
600 cwt. every 100 Tons burden should be made

ibr Sheet
and Bower Anchors.
In Stocking an Anchor, add together the length of

the
Shank and half
the length of the ring, for the
length of the stock.
The
stock
is
as
middle as the shank
many
is
inches in thickness in the
long in
feet,
and
is
tapered to
half that size at the end.
In puddening an Anchor ring, cut the length 3

times the diameter of the Ring.
i
34.
What
length is necessary
to
form a
Clinch.
In bending Cables, the length of rope necessary
273
to
form a Clinch
is
equal to^the length of the
Shank
of the Anchor.
To
35.
Take
and
an
sj^lice
old Cable to a
new
one.
the old one to a rope walk, unlay the strands,
splice
them
to the strands of the
long splices, after which lay up the
done in another way, but

marlinespike sailor
36.
To send
Call all hands
do
to
2qj
it
new one
latter.
It
with
can be
requires a good and neat
it.
Top Gallant Yards.
up Top Gallant Yards, reeve
the
yard rope through the Jack block, which send aloft
and hook
to the
Top
Gallant Tye.
Man
the
Gallant Haliards and trice up the Jack Block,
Top
Man
sway out of the chains, when the yards

men in the Tops and on the Topsail
yards, bear the Top Gallant yards clear, the Lower
Lift is then overhauled down, and when the upper
yard arm is above the Topmast Crosstrees, " Avast
the yard rope,
are steady aloft,
Swaying," while the
men
in the Crosstrees slip
off
Grummets, and put on the upper Lifts and Braces,

while hands in the Topmast rigging, rig the lower
the
yard arm,
man
the
Lower
lifts
and
braces,
sway
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
274
when
higher and
the slings
come above
the
Top-
mast Cap, take a turn with the parrel lashing,
at-
tend the yards and sway across, slacking the upper

lifts,
and bousing upon the lower one, parrel the yard
and square
Top
it
by the
lAfts
Gallant Haliards, trice
and Braces,
down
hook the Tye, send the yardôpe
let
go the
the Jack Block,

in the
Top, bend
the sheets and Clewlines, bowlines and buntlines,
send
aloft
Royal Studding Sail booms and reeve the
gear.
Note.
Royal yards are sent
aloft in the
same
manner, except that they have no Jack Blocks, the

yard rope reeves through the sheave in the Royal
Mast Head.
(Note. Jack blocks are not used at all
now-a-days in the heaviest of ships
for
Top
Gallant
yards.)
To keep
37.
When,
Helm
Jib
it is
the
Hawser
clear loheii moored.
nearly slack water, cant her with the
the right way,
and
if necessary,
make use
of
Spanker and yards.
38.
When
To tend
to
Windioard Single Anchor.
the tide slacks, sheer her with the Helm,
275
run up the Jib and Foretopmast Staysail, with weather sheets
sheets
aft,
may
when canted
be hauled
aft
the
setting her abreast to a taut Cable.

is
way
right
and the yards
the lee
When the Buoy
on the Lee quarter, brace the head yards
wind, and
the after ones,
fill
thus
filled,
when
to the
the tide swings
her head around, so as to shake the
sails, furl
and
stow them.
d^
39.
To tend to Leeioard.
As the tide slackens sheer her to the same side of

Buoy on which she came to windward, and fill
the yards, which will set her end on, over the Cable,
the
she will
now by the effect
of the wind, bring her stem
over the Cable, and bring the

quarter, put the
Helm
Buoy on
" a weather,"
her. weather
and she
will
shoot ahead, tautening the Cable by shearing her
head from the wind.

aft
the
beam hoist
drawing her head

position until she
shake, haul
the
wind
gets a
little
to
wind.
falls off.
Let her lay in
When
this
the head sails
down and stow them.
40.
As
When
the Jib to prevent the Cable from
To back
the ship.
the tide slacks, shear her to windward, sheet
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
276
home and
mizen Topsail, thus she will
the
set
back round
to
clew up and
furl the
leeward, as soon as the tide sets up,
To break
41.
When
mizen Topsail.
tending to the
over her Anchor, she
the Shear,
tide,
and the ship comes
may break
her shear by cant-
wrong way, when
ing her stern the
this is the case,

fill the Head
Every thing is
put the helm a-weather, run the Jib up,

yards and the after yards, kept too.
now
arranged
to
bring her round again,
must be managed
when she
as before.
42. Strip Ship.
Begin
aloft
that first
Commence
and
sail
and go down regularly, sending down,
which went
with the
aloft
by a reverse operation.
Top Gallant and royal rigging,

Boom next send down Top-
rig in the flying Jib
and Lower yards. Topmast Caps
unrig the
Topmasts, get in the Jib boom and Spritsail yards,

get off
Lower Caps, Tops and
Bowsprit and unrig
all
GafFs,
rigging,
unrig the
Booms, and Davits.
fv-
J*JOATE VJU,
277
The
Gammoning
AJôte on
43.
better
large ship,
way
is to
to
gammon
the Bowsprit,
the Bowsprit in a
get a Caulker's Stage under the Bows,
aft
under the Bowsprit, secure one end snug
to the stern,
then get a stout tackle from the extreme
fore
and
end of the Bowsprit, overhaul down and sling the
Hook on your Tackle to the

down on the stage, send the men
outer end of the stage.

slings, lead
your
fall
down and bouse well taut so as to get the weight of

the stage as much as possible on the Bowsprit. Now
your stage being secured, you can proceed to Gammon your Bowsprit. Get two stout Luff Tackles on
the Stage and a viol block, then get a span around
the inner
to,
end of the stage
to
hook your
viol block
having your viol hooked, clinch your gammoning
round your Bowsprit, with a running clinch or a

running eye, jam your turn well round the Bowsprit,
then reeve
down through
gammoning hole up
your end down through
the
over the'^Bowsprit, then pass
the Scuttle on to the stage, reeve
it
through the Viol
Blocks, on the Stage, clap on your. Luffs and bouse
away, leading your
fall
fore
and
aft
the stage.
Note. Leading your fall in this way, has a tendency to lift up the inner end of the stage, and of course
your pulling down and the weight of the stage on
gammoning must certainly bring the Bowsprit

snug down in its bed and set your gammoning up
the
24
J^JDATE VJU.

43.
The
A JNote
better
large ship,
way
is to
Gammoning
on
to
gammon
277
the Bowsjnit,
the Bowsprit in a
get a Caulker's Stage under the Bows,
aft
under the Bowsprit, secure one end snug
to the stern,
then get a stout tackle from the extreme
fore
and
end of the Bowsprit, overhaul down and sling the
Hook on your Tackle to the

down on the stage, send the men
outer end of the stage.

slings, lead
your
fall
down and bouse well taut so as to get the weight of

the stage as much as possible on the Bowsprit. Now
your stage being secured, you can proceed to Gammon your Bowsprit. Get two stout Luff Tackles on
the Stage and a viol block, then get a span around
the inner end of the stage to
to,
hook your
viol block
having your viol hooked, clinch your gammoning
round your Bowsprit, with a running clinch or a

running eye, jam your turn well round the Bowsprit,
then reeve
down through
the
gammoning hole up
down through
over the'^Bowsprit, then pass your end

the Scuttle on to the stage, reeve
it
through the Viol
Blocks, on the Stage, clap on your. Luffs and bouse
away, leading your
fall
fore
and
aft
the stage.
Note. Leading your fall in this way,has a tendency to lift up the inner end of the stage, and of course
your pulling down and the weight of the stage on
gammoning must certainly bring the Bowsprit

snug down in its bed and set your gammoning up
the
24
r>
278
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
very
taut,
having got your
first
turn taut, rack
it
Well,
you
up your Gammoning Hole. Gammon your last turn under all
parts of the gammoning on the opposite side of the
Bowsprit, from the way you have passed your gampass another, and so on until
fill
moning.
When you
men ought
solid
are setting
to
up your gammoning, two

commanders to beat it
attend with
round the Bowsprit.
When
they are setting up?
some people use a great deal of Tar and Shish on a

gammoning, but the less the better. A piece of good
leather under your
tarred parcelling,
ed, turn
gammoning
your leather over
Bowsprit.
is
much
aft,
and
nail
Your Gammoning ought
with large strands in the room of rope,

better
and
softer to
covered to protect
parcelling, let
it
better than
and when your gammoning
the
it
it
to
it
down
be dry and new.
passto the
le strapped
being
Gammoning, and
from the weather
is
if
much
all
well
you use
279
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3103a
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i
'
V
280
45
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
$.416.
ft.
tsT
ft.
|ts
ft.
"so 5
35 5
40 6
45|
7
S
50
55 9
60 10
65 10
70 11
75 12
80!l3
85jl4
90 15
95 15
10016
105 17
(I
185 30
5 190 31
4 195 32
S 200 33
5 305 34
1 210 35
(<
215 35
5 220 36
4 225 37
3 230 38
2 235 39
1 240 40
"
245 40
5 250 41
4 255 42
110118
115jl9
12020
125 20
13021
13522
4
3
140 23
145124
150 25
155 25
160 26
165 27
170 28
175 29
ISO 30
47.
<
4
3
2
1
"
260 43
265 44
270 45
275 45
280 46
2S5 47
290 48
295 49
300 50
305 50
310 51
315 52
320 53
325 54
330 55
335 55
Cordage Table of feet and fathoms.

ft.
ft.
ils
ft.
ft.
5 34d56
4 345:57
3 350;58
2 355:59
1 360! GO
"
365|60
5 37061
4 37562
3 380163
o 385164
1 390|65
(1
395 65
5 400 66
4 40567
3 410168
2 415|69
1 420 70
''
425 70
5 430 71
4 43572
3 440173
2 44574
1 450 75
i(
455' 75
5 460j76
4 465i77
3 470178
2 47579
1 480'80
"
485 80
5 490,81
fs.
82
83
84
85
85
86
87
88
89
90
90
4 495
3 5O0
2 505
510
515
520
4 525
3 530
2 535
1
F-
1|540
"545
5;550
4 555
3 560
2 565
570
575
5 580
4 585
1
(.
S590
2 595
I
(1
5
4
3
2
1
600
605
610
615
620
625
630
635
640
^\
92
93
94
95
95
96
97
98
99
100
100
101
102
103
104
105
105
lot;
41645! 107
ft.
ft.
fs.
ft.
3 650 108
2 655 109
660 110
u 665 110
5 670 111
4 675 112
a 680 113
2 685 114
1 690 115
(i
695 115
5 700 116
4 705 117
3 710 118
2 715 119
1 720 120
K 725 120
5 730 121
4 735 122
S 740 123
2 745 124
\ 750 125
<
755 125
5 760 126
4 765 127
3 770 128
2 775 121
1 780 13(
t'
785 13C
5 790 131
795
132
4
3 SOD 133
ft.
fs.
ft.
2 805 134 ~"l

((
1 810 135
((
815 135
5 820 136
4 825 137
3 830 138
2 835 139
1 840 140
u 845
140
5 850 141
4 855 142
3 860 143
2 865 144
1 970 146
((
975 145
5 880 146
4 885 147
3 890 148
2 895 149
1 900 150
3
2
1
((
5
4
3
2
1
4
3
3
1
(C
5
4
3
2
1
(I
5
4
3
2
Weight of Cables of 120 fathoms from 3
to
24
inches.
In. lbs.
iu.
lbs.
in.
lb.5.
in.
Jbs.
3 252 6 1008 9 2208 IS 4032

3i 336 6i 1176 9* 2520 12* 436S
4 448J7 1340 10 2800 13 4732
4i 560|7i 156!- lOi 3080 I3i 5056
5 7008 179-2 II 338- 14 5480
5| 8408i 2016 lU 369f Ui 5880
in.
lbs.
in.
lbs.
in
lbs.
in.
lbs.
15 6328 18
9072 21 12348 24 16128
15^ 6720 18* 9520 2U 12936 25 17500
16 17168 19 101 OS 22 13452
16n6l6
10640 22i 14168
17 8092 20 11200 23 14840
17^'8568 20i 11760 23* 15456
YOUNG
48.
sailor's ASSISTANT.
How many fathoms make
7J
m
o
.a
N O
Vi
^
N O
<a.3
112 poimds.
O
N O
<u
o^
N
281
4)
iC'S
S2.S
fras.
feet
fms.
in.
^__
1
u
u
If
2
2i
2i
2f
3
3i
3i
31
4
4i
436
313
216
159
124
96
77
65
54
45
39
34
30
26
<
'
4i
4i
5
5i
5i
b\
6
___
19
17
3
4
13
12
6i
6f
7
9
6
24
21
16
14
6-^
5
3
3
fms.
3
3
3
3
2
3
4
feet in.
7i
7i
7f
11
10
9
9
8
8
2
3
4
5
]0i
104
101
4
3
8
8i
8^
8?
9
9i
94
9f
10
.s
in.
3 6
S
4 3
2
'
<
4
2
<
114
lU
12
12i
124
12f
13
13i
134
13f
14
5
-",4
fs.
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
ft.
in.
4
3
2
2
2
1
4
4
3
3
3
1
(
8
3
9
(
6
4
11
7
7
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
*4
ft.
Hi
'
4
3
3
7
49. Proportions of Spars for
Merchant Ships.
Length of Spars.
Main Mast equal
to
Fore
"
"
"
Mizen
"
"
"
2^ times the Ship's beam.

|ths of the
fths
"
"
Main Mast.
"
"
Bowsprit f ds of the Main Mast, ^d of which ought

to be in board.
Main Topmast f ths of the Main Mast.

Main Top Gallant Mast i of the Main Topmast,
exclusive of the pole which is generally ^ the length
of the Topgallant Mast or a little longer.
Fore Topmast f of the Foremast.
24*
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
2S2
Fore Topgallant Mast ^ the length of the Foretopmast, exclusive of the pole which is ^ the length of
Top
the
Gallant Mast.
Mizen Topmast f of the Mizen Mast.

Mizen Top Gallant mast ^ the length of the Mizen
Topmast, and the pole ^ the length of the Top Gallant Mast.
Boom
Jib
length
is
the length of the Bowsprit, f of
which
rigged without the Bowsprit Cap.
Main yard twice the ship's extreme breadth.

Main Topsail yard f of the Main Yard.
Main Top gallant yard f Main Topsail Yard.
Fore yard f of the Main Yard.
Fore Topsail Yard f of the Fore Yard.
Fore Topgallant Yard f of the Foretopsail Yard.
Royal Yards f the length of the respective Top
Gallant Yards.
Cross Jack Yards same length as the Main Topsail
Yard.
Mizen Topsail Yard the same length
Top
as the
Main
Gallant Yards.
Mizen Top Gallant Yard f of the Mizen Topsail

Yard.
f of the Fore Topsail Yard.

Some have the Spritsail Yard
Spritsail yards
Remark.
length of the Fore Topsail Yard, or nearly
should be
much
shorter, the
against the Spritsail Braces.
so,
the
if
it
Jib sheets will chafe

'
Spanker
yard
it
Boom
the
length of the Main
sometimes shorter according
sail
to fancy.
Mizen Gaff f of the Spanker Boom,

same variation.
50.
Top
however, made sometimes longer, and
is,
Masts.
283
It
3 feet of the
Thickness of Spars.
has been customary
Main
liable to the
to
allow for every
Mast's length, one inch of diame-
ter in the partners, nine-tenths
of an inch diameter in
the middle between the partners and the extremity of
the head, and two thirds under

all
other masts in the
the
Hounds, and
same proportion, and with
these proportions, masts have been usually made.
am, however, of opinion, that li inch diameter in the

partners are
much
better.
Yards.
51.
Yards.
one
For every
feet
of their length, allow
inch of diameter in the slings,
ameter within the squares
51.
at the
and half that
di-
yard arm.
Distance for placing Lower Masts.
Fore Mast \ the length of Spar Deck from forward. Main Mast 2f as far from the Fore Mast;
Note. The above
rule
is
not to be considered
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
284
proper for
by
all vessels,
their places
must be governed
the form of the ship.
52.
Main Top
Fore
Top
54.
Take
stem
Breadth of
Tojjs,
half the ship's beam.
f of the Main Top.
Rule for placing Masts in a Ship.
the Ship's length from the after part of the
to the fore part of the
into sevenths.
Stern post and divide
it
Place the foremast one seventh of
length from the Stem, the Mainmast f from the

Foremast, the Mizen Mast f from the Main Mast, and
this
then there will be but one seventh distance between

the Mizen Mast and the Stern Post.
full built ship,
it
plied to vessels that are sharp,
posts of
which
This rule is
for a
must therefore be varied when ap-
rake.
ly be placed farther
and the stem and stern
The foremast must accordingaft,
the
Mizen Mast
farther for-
ward, and the distance between the Mastsproportionably regulated.
YOUNG
To find
55.
the tonnage of a vessel

/States
The
length
is
2S6
sailor's ASSISTANT.
hy the United
Measurement.
taken from the fore part of the Main
Stern to the after part of the Stern post, the
measured
at
is
the extreme breadth to the outside of
beam
the Bends, three fifths of this
length before the calculation
is
taken off the
is
For a double
made.
decked vessel, half the breadth of beam

depth of hold, and
for
is
called the
a single decked vessel
same, except that the hold

part of the
Beam
is
measured
Main Hatchway, from
the
it is
the
at the fore
Deck down
to
the ceiling alongside of the Keelson.
To
proceed on in this calculation after
all
the al-
lowances have been made, the length must be multiplied
by the breadth, and
of Hold, then divide the
that product
last
by the depth
product by 95, and the
quotient will give the tonnage required.
Formerly the British divided by 94

vessels
and
for ships of
war by 100
for
merchant
but I have been
informed that they noAv divide by 100 both for ships

of war and merchantmen, which
make our
they
ship's
tonnage
less
is
the reason that
than
we
do.
Notes on the tonnage of a vessel.
The
fers
Ship Carpenters' tonnage in Philadelphia
dif-
from the United States measurement.

rule staff
is
laid
under the keel projecting
for-
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
286
ward, a line is plumbed from the upper part of the fore

part of the stern to the rule
from
its
part to
after
ding the Rule
beam
is
measured
and inclu-
plumb-line,
called the length of Keel
staff, this is
straight rabbit, the
the keel
staff,
the
measured from skin
is
skin on tho-inside, three fifths of the
beam
off the keel straight rabbit, for the length,
calculation in other respects
same
the
is
is
to
taken
and the
as United
States measurement, so that the Carpenters' tonnage

in Philadelphia will be less according to the rake of
the Stern Post, &c.
The dead rise of a

half the
beam from
vessel
is
found by having
a staff
skin to skin, at the extreme
breadth which staff is laid even across on the ceiling

of the fore part of the
Main Hatchway, one of the
limber boards being taken up, a line
is
let fall
the staff to the skin alongside the Keelson, and

it
measures,
is
the vessel's dead
know how sharp a vessel is,

how much dead rise she has.
to
56.
rise,
it is
from
what
so that in order
customary
to
ask
Stepping mid raking lower Masts.
Foremasts of
all
ships should be stepped
perpendicular to a water
rake one inch
to
line, all
every four
feet
plumb
or
Mainmasts should
above deck, and
Mizen Masts should rake one inch
all
to every three feet
287
above deck.
direct line
All Bowsprits should be stepped in a
drawn from
of the Mainmast to
the step
the lower part of the Bowsprit bed, this line answers

for
he lower part of the Bowsprit.
many Sea
has been the opinion of
It
a mast
by raking
will aid a ship in saiHng, but
been satisfactory proved, that

fect
dicular only has to bear
it
has
has the contrary
it
ef-
has her masts perpen-
for instance, a ship that
Officers that
them
in
two
positions, the
one on the step and the other on the side of support,

her yards hang
free,
brace easy, and bear no strain
against them, whereas a ship with her masts raking,
has
to
step,
is
bear them in three positions, the one on the
one on the side of support, and the other, which
very great, on the fore and
hang very heavy against

to the fore support, this
the progressive
sel or ship,
her yards also
aft stays,
the Mast,
which adds
also
must cause a great check
movements
in
A sharp ves-
in the ship.
with a lean harping by raking her masts,
frequently eases her in pitching, but never adds to
her sailing, the wind having less power on her
sails,
and the principal reasons
why
a ship's
Mizen masts should rake a
little
from her foremast,
is,
that
by separating the masts
has a better
in this
chance of effecting
little
or
way, the wind
its full
the sails, and of striking that part of
wise would be of
Main and
power on
them
no advantage
to
all
that other-
the ship.
KEDGE ANCHOR; OR
288
Method of an estimate of Standing and Running rigging required for the outfit of aA4, Gun
57.
Frigate, U. S. Navy.
in.
in.
Size
in.
n\
in.
If
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
m.
in
in.
2 2i
3
4
31
21
3i
3i
1229 700 3793 76( 3170 1000 2385 6140 1280 114
71 100
eo
90 90
57 9(;
90
90
90
Add
1087 396
376 213|604
Total
500 isooiiooo 1300 800 385C 350 3260 1090 2475 6230 1370 204
Len?tli 124
in.
in.
in.
in.
Size
5
4i
4f
Length 885 160 491
Add
Total
31
135 520
6
2
29
11
21
3
49
1
4
4i
100 100
90
(3
3i
3i
240 140
581
2f
89
975 250
100
100
100
100
100
100
125
100
125
100
120
100
100
135
125
100
12o
125
)0
5
13
10
13
8
30
61
7
182 110
5S 30
90
Fms.
2
2i
2*
470
50
90
Coils
u
U
in.
90 90
58.
In.
15
11
In.
Shroud
Coil.'?
4i
41
5
2
4
5i
5i
6
1
1
4
1
6i
7
8^
Ip
IP
IP
lU
12
in.
81
98
2
in.
in.
9
31
lU
in.
((
31
12
c;
laid Cordasre.
Fms.
In.
125 Cathead stoppers,

100 Wind,
125 Shank Painters
125 l2lthread Ratline,
100 18 "
100 15
"
135 12 "
100 9 "
<
125 6 " Seizings
120 Hambroline,
140 Marline
) , , .,
100 Houselinej^^^^te
100 Worming 36 yarn
34
in^
in.
in.
in.
c.
=44^
8 Assorted
8 Spinyarn 5 yarn
"
3
2
t(
Coils
Fms.
14
18
15
600
7*
300
500
300
200
300
300
I30ths.
130ths.
5
2
5
8
9
"
"
'
YOUNG sailor's ASSISTANT,

Note. Only one warp
each
in a coil,
be
coil to
289
tallied
with the
number of fathoms and weight. The tallies to be either

leather or Canvass. Each warp to be its full length, clear of fag
size,
ends, and proof strands, the proof strands to be six feet clear of fag
ends.
59.
&
44
60.
Gim Frigate
continued.
standing rigging 4 strand Cable
fms.
Main
Stay,
"
"
"
17
Spring
Fore
Spring
12^,
IG
12
9
Mizen
22
22
'ins-
ft.
4
4
Fore Topmast Stay

" Spring
'V
"
Main
15
15
IC
laid.
2
4
Spring
"
Mizen
"
Spring
3 Strand Cable laid Cordage.
Fore and M. Mast

head pendants,
Fore Shrouds,
Main "
Mizen "
Inner & Middle Bob-
101 199
10* 249
7i 121
stays,
Cap Bobstay
F. Topmast Shrouds,
Main Shrouds,
Mizen
do.
p ore Top Standing \
B.
stay,
Main
23
17
83
H
5
Main
do.
Mizen
Bt.
do.
F.
do.
T. Gt. Sprin
Back
Main
Mizen
stays,
do.
do.
F. T. Gt.
Back
Main
do.
do.
Mizen
stays
Standing Jib stay,
3i
o\
6
10
Gammoning
Deck Stoppers,
ropes,
Bentick&)
5
8i
88
41
92
62
41 103
3i 39
4
44
50
4
21 38
78
3*
41
84
MainT.
33
Fore
4f
4f
3*
4
33
64
32
59
30
35
13
40
62
do.
do.
Guy,
Gt. Stay,
do.
do.
stay.
shds. M.^
Bumpkin
5i
4
2^
Travelling do.
Martingale,
55
Flying Jib
61
Bowsprit shrouds
Main Shrouds,
Mizen
Mizen
F. T. Gt. Shrouds
Flying Jib Guys,
" " Martingale
&M.
HI
Backstays,
F.
do.'
Mizen do.
F. T. Mast
Buoy
18
& spank, boom

Topping Lifts,
F.&M.ftk.shds.&
legs
Catharpin
'
legs,
F. Tks. tapered each,
2 Main do.
2 Fore sheets
i2
25
Main
do.
do.
do.
do.
6^
95
5*
41
31
32
32
31
ft,
KEDGE ANCHORj
290
Fore riggivig
61.
in
to he
Oil
warps hy pair 3.
fms,
ft.
to contain
No.
1,
"
4, 5,
& 3,
& 6,
64
2d
66
3d
"
"
7, 8, <fc9,
68
199
1st
warp
fms.
Main Shrouds in
62.
tvarps hy pairs.
fms.
St
2d
warp
'
3d "
to contain,
"
"
& 3,
4, 5, & 6,
7, 8, 9, & 10,
No.
"
''
2,
fms.
63.
No.
Mizen rigging
1, 2, 3, 4,
& 6,
to
1,
2,
4
4
102
249
pairs of shrouds, 121 fathoms.
3, 4, 5, <fc 6, pairs
111 fathoms, 4
73
he in one warp.
Main Topmast Shrouds to
g No.
ft.
72
he
i?i
one loarp.
of shrouds to contain
feet.
64;
44
Gun
ship continued.
Fore Topmast Shrouds in one warp.

No.
1, 2, 3, 4,
fathoms.
& 5, pairs of Shrouds to contain
83
YOUNG
sailor's ASSISTANT
Mizefi Topmast Shrouds

No.
1, 2,
& 4, pair of
to he
shrouds
291
in one warp.
to contain
55 fms,
feet.
Note. All the lower topmast, and topgallant rigto be made their respective lengths, clear of fag
ging
ends and proof strands, and to be
they are
length, size,
for
weight, either on
wood
tallied
number
with what
of fathoms, and
or Canvass.
Cat head Stoppers,

Fish Davit Guys,
2 Cat falls,
15 lbs. white line,

8 Galls. Fish Oil,
2000 yards of old Canvass,
Shank
4000 Scupper nails,

2000 Pump Tacks,
10 lbs. Clout Nails,
8 lbs. Shoe Thread,
4 Bunches Bristles,
30 fms. 4i inch White rope,
360 '
inch signal haliards,
1
1
Painters,
Deck Tackle
Fish Tackle
fall,
fall,
1 Catting Tackle fall,

Rudder Pendants,
1 Buoy rope,
Back ropes for Cat and
fish,
Bitt Stoppers,
&
whipping twine
60 lbs sewing
150 lbs of Tallow,
12 bbls Tar,
15 sides sole leather,
45 do. half Tanned do.
25
do.
65.
Bellows
12 awl blades,
12 do. handles,
50 assorted sail needles,
12 Palm Plates,
4 bolts new Canvass,
20 Gallons
Tan
Oil.
do.
Estwiate of Standing and Running Riggiiig

outfits of a Sloop of War of the
required for the

1st Class
mounting 22 Gims.
4 Strand Cable laid Cordage.

in
Main
Stay,
Spring Stay,
Fore Stay,
Spring Stay,
Mizen Stay,
12
Ims
m
Hi
12 11
10 11
12
Li
in.
F Top Main
Stays, each 6^39i
Main Topmast
'<
Spring
Mizen Topmast
"
fins.
Spring
do.
6*j21
*'
4|15i
"
"
4|!9i
3|i9i
292
Fore Shrouds by
2.
04^
No.
No.
ft.
109^
6,
3,
ft,,
pairs,
105i
ft.
8 inches, No.
No.
116^
2,
No.
ft.
6,
No.
3,
118
120^
ft.
No.
1st
Warp
2d
do.
104
1,
No.
ft.
ft.
No.
109
5,
ft.
be in one warp. 120 fathoms.
to
Main Shrouds, 8 inch by

ft.,
106
4.
ft.
pairs.
No.
122
7,
4, IIS^-
"
do.
Mast head pendants
1,
ft.
116
ft.
No.
No.
5,
120
two warps.
to be in
ft.
No.
to contain.
No.
1, 2, 3, 4,
78 fms.
5, 6, 7,
60
17
"
2d Warp, add
to
155 fms.
Mizen Shrouds 5} inch by
pairs,
94^ ft.. No. 3, 95 ft.. No. 4, 95^

in one warp to contain 80 fathoms.
No.
2,
Fore Topmast Shrouds 4^ inch by

ft.,
No.
2, 76ft.,
one warp
No.
1,
173
ft.
No.
2,
S.
173
ft.
in.,
No.
94
1,
feet,
5,
95
ft.,
pairs.
No.
1,
76
77
10
4,
No.
ft.
in.
in
52 fathoms.
to contain
Fore Top Mast,
77
3,
No.
ft.,
Back Stays 5^ in. by pairs. No.

6 in. in one wrap to contain 57
ft.
fathoms.
Main Top Mast,

No.
1,
190
ft.,
No.
S.
2,
Back
190
ft.
Stays,
in. in
5|- in.
by
one warp
pairs.
to con-
tain 63 fms. 2 feet.
Main Topmast Shrouds, 4i inch by

82 ft., No.
wrap
to
2, S'3i
ft.,
No.
3,
84^
contain 56 fathoms.
ft.,
No.
4,
pairs.
85
ft.,
No.
in
1,
one
YOUNG SAILOR'S ASSISTANT.

Mizen Topmast
24 fms. 4 feet.
S. Backstays,
293
4^ inch, 148
feet is,
Mizen Topmast Shrouds 3f inch, No. 1, 64

2, 65, No. 3, 65, in one warp to contain 32
No.
feet.
F.T.M.
28
31
24
30
23
22
40
28
Flying Jib do.

Guys,
3i
2f
36
28
Martingale,
F. T. Gt. Shrouds,
27
60
do. 1 pair,
do.
Standing Jib Stay,
Guys,
Travellins:
*'
Martingale,
F. T. G. Stay,
3i
3f
if 2 pair but if only 1

F. T: Gt. B. Back-
3i
Stay,
(C
Mizen T.
Gt. Shrouds,
Stay,
" Standing B. do.
if 2 pair but if only 1
F.
Tacks tapered
each.
" Sheets,
Note.
and
to
41
4f
23
Shrouds,
S. Backstays,
F.
M. Futtock and
Catharpln Legs,
Royal Stays,
Shrouds,
&
Gammoning,
Cap Bobstay,
Bumpkin Shrouds,
(1
"
38
9
50
30
5|
160
53
53
32
25
26
19
9
12
3?
62
4i
41
25
22
tapered
each,
Sheets,
((
All the foregoing Cordage to be cable laid
measure
their lengths
on the
stretch, clear of
warp to be
weight, size, number
fag ends and proof strands, each coil and

tallied
ft.
Mizen Futtock Shds

Cat harpin legs and
Spanker bra. Topping Lifts,
M. Tacks
3^
2S
2i
2f
5^
6
6
61
Bowsprit Shrouds,
Buoy Ropes,
Inner Bobstays if 2
if only one,
70
35
35
65
60
76
38
21
3i
4^
3f
Gt. Stay,
'
Back
'
stays,
"
r. Gt. B.
((
" Standing Back

Stay,
M. T.
M.
5
5
4^
4i
3^
3
3i
Mizen
size fras.
size.l"ms.|ft.
Breast Back
Stay,
Main
"
feet,
fras,
with what they are
of fathoms, either on
wood
for,
or canvass.
25^
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
294
66.
Running rigging Shroud

fms
size
362
550
800
11 800
2 1722
2^ 180
2i 844
2i 1685
1
u
u
Note
coils.
2
3
6
8
16
1
16
fms. coils.
size
2f 110
2f 1855
3
745
3^ 136
1855
3i
3i 400
31 389
4
261
All the running
length, clear of fag ends
fms.
size
18
7
1
18
4
4
4^
4|
4*
4f
5^
6^
6f
either
coUs.
79
289
80
207
379
90
87
3
1
4
1
rigging to be their full
and proof strands, the proof
strands to be 6 feet clear of the fag

coil to
laid.
ends.
Every
be tallied with the weight, size and fathoms,
on wood or Canvass.
Wing
5
5
5
Bitt
do.
do.
Shank
Painters,
21 thread Ratline,
18 do.
do.
15 do.
do.
do.
12 do.
9 do.
do6 do.
do.
White Line,
Old Canvass,
Scupper Nails,
Clout Nails,
Pump
Tacks,
Shoe Thread,
Bristles,
Sail needles ass.

Awl Blades,
" Handles,
in.
ifms.j
10 Bambroline,
16 Houseline white
16 Marline,
200
85
85
lbs-
Tallow,
Tar,
Sole leather,
Half tanned do.
Bellows,
do.
150
((
Ifins.
in.
Cat head Stoppers,
12
400
200
250
200
250
600
10 ths.
1334 yds.
2667
do.
30
7 bis.
10 side
31 (1
17
Sewing Twine.
Whipping do.
Palm plates.
Worming 24 yarn
<(
25
do.
do, Assorted,
6A ths.
Spinyarn 5 yarn.
1300
4
do.
3 ths.
do.
3 do.
3 bun.
do.
2 do.
do.
50
12
White rope, | inch.
12
Signal Haliards,
lbs.
15 tt
12 n
4 coil
1
3
5
5
9
((
ii
((
12 (C
25 fms
340 ((
YOUNG sailor's ASSISTANT
Dimensions of the Standing and Rmming of

a Ship of the Line^ U. /S. Navy.
^7.
fms.
in.
Gammoning,
7 128
8h 56
9h 15
9
16
Shrouds. Cabled 3 pr.

Collar,
'
Bobstays, 3, 121,
9 inches.
Collars,
Hi
Spritsail Yaid.
Slings,
Foot ropes,
Stirrups, Braces,
4h
16
7^
3.1
62
Boom.
Falls,
Martingale Stay,
Pendants,
Halyards,
-
Downhaul,
Outhauler,
Upper Brails,
Lower "
Boom
4h
Jib Stay Cabled,

Guy pendants, 3 pairs,
Sheets,
4
4
3^
4
3
Lifts,
Jib
15
17
61
5^
3
5
41
31
4J
31
41
45
70
If
60
35
18
((
53
65
70
42
foot Ropes,
Flying Jib Boom.

Flying Jib Stay, C'bl'd,
Martingale Guy, 2 prs.
Boom Guys,
Heel Rope,
Foot Ropes,
Halyards,
50
65
60
36
12
55
4i
4
3J
3'
3J
1
fms.
"31
Downhaul,
'^1
40
35
Jib of Jib Stay,
3i
53
Boom Guys,
Heel Rope,
Foot Ropes.
Halyards,
47
21 45
Jib of Jib
11
Ropes,
in.
Sheets,
Bowsprit.
Man
295
Boom.
Downhaul,
Martingale Stay,
9
64
50
40
75
245
Sheets,
21
2f
21
Fore Mast and Yard.

Shrouds Cabled, 10 prs.
Lanyards,
51
Ratlines,
2i
17
Stay Cabled, 17
6
Lanyards,
18
9
Collar,
Preventer Stay Cabled, 13* 17
5*
Lanyards,
Collar, double,
7^
Catharpin legs,
7
Bentick Shrouds,
8i 17i
Lanyards,
4i
10
28
Jeer Pendants,
5 116
Falls,
6^ 100
Yard Lifts,
" auarter Lifts,
5^ 52
" foot Ropes,
5i 21
"
Stirrups,
4i 24
" Tackle pendants,
13
7
"
"
falls,
4i 112
5* 16
Braces, "
83
Preventer, -
Fore Yard and Mast.
Truss pendants,
12
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
296
fms
Truss
Falls,
Slings,
Top Rope
Pendants,
Lanyard,
Falls,
Foê Tacks, Cabled,

" Sheets, "
"
Clew Garnets,
Top Burton
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
116
74
Downhaul
do,
31
"
"
Haliards, Sheets double^
4i
"
Reef Pendants
45
74
74
28
" sail Hal

" sheets,
37
36
Downhaul,
21
"
"
"
"
"
41
31
31
4
4*
31
58
52
47
60
94
5
46
"
''
''
"
St'g.
''
sail outer
100
55
26
Sheets,
Tacks,
'
Boom Top.
Lfts,
Whips,
After Guys, Forward Guys,
sail Gear Tricing
50
40
86
Pendants,
Bowlines,
Clewlines,
Bunt
Clew
Lanyards
Ratline
Stay Cabled,
Ratline,
Tacks, each
"
"
"
Boom
Downhaul,
Braces,
Brace Pendants,
Tricing Line,
3
3i
4i
3^
Yard.
Shrouds Cabled, 3
Lanyards,
124
pair,
43
)
pair,
Lanyards, B. B. S,
Lanyards, S. B. S.
Mast Rope,
47
Standing Back Stays

1
33
prs.
Stay Cabled, Lanyard,

B. Backstays, Cabled
1
31
Sheets,
"
"
Spring stay,
Breast Back Stays Standing do, do. 2 prs.
Futtock Shrouds,
70
Jiggers,
'
Ratline,
pairs,
114
80
Bridles,
F. T. G. Mast
F. Top Mast and Yard^
Shrouds Cabled 6
20
47
91
43
Line,
Buntlines,
T. M. Staysail Halyds,
St'g. sail inner
"
Whips,
"
"
stay,
Halyards,
St'g.
16
41
31
Halyards,
"
4i
Braces,
Lifts
Storm
Lower
Foot Ropes,
yard Stirrups
Rolling Tackle
In & Out
Lower
7
7
'
Bunt
"
105
5
115
42
tc
"
Gluarter '
Clew Jiggers,
Lift
Lower
Falls,
15
17
58
40
48
70
50
34
56
Bridles,
Bill tricing Lines,
"
"
"
Parrel,
"
"
"
Whips,
Slab Lines,
"
"
"
'
"
Bowlines,
"
pendants,
Topsail Yard Tyes,
Reef Pendants,
Buntline "
"
''
''
J
J
4^
49
2i
60
YOUNG
in.
Pendant,
Falls,
"ei
-
Yard Rope,
"
"
"
"
Lifts,
Braces,
Tyes,
Foot Ropes,
Stirrups,
Top
3
3*
Stdg. Sail Sheets, " " " Tacks, " '' " Downhaul,
JO Fore Skysail
fms.
"n
~li3
21
40
15^''
39
Mast and
Yard.
"
<'
"
Bowlines,
"
"
"
Clewlines,
6i
31
41
2|
2f
Bridles,
Bunt
Jigger,
Sty. Sail Halyards,
"
Sheets,
'
60
60
122
in.
'
Sheets,
Buntlines,
"
48
4f
Gallant Halyards,
'
fins.]
~lo
"
"
"
297
SAILOR'S ASSISTANT.'
Tacks,
B. Tricing
2^
-
21
line,
2f
2f
11
48 Trysail Stay, " Back Stay,

80
" Mast Rope,
74
" Halyard,
98
" Sheets,
" Tripping Line,
76
15ih
57
63
63
56
54
24
4U
46
lU
300
2i
3
2
If
12
90
28
60
32
Fore Moon Sail Pole.
Moon
sail
Halyards
IJ,
Main Mast and Yard.

F. R. Mast and
Royal Shrouds
Yard.
cabled,
Lanyards,
"
Stay Cabled, Lanyards,
"
B. Bk. S. cabled.
Lanyards,
B. )
Standing
Backstays cabled, )
Lanyards,
Mast Rope,
" Yard Rope,
"
" Lifts,
"
" Braces, "
" Foot Ropes,
"
Halyards,
"
Sheets,
"
" Buntlines,
"
"
Bowlines,
"
"
"
"
Bridles,
"
"
Bunt Jigger,
''
Tripp,
"
Stdg.
''
8|
line.
Stay Cabled, Lanyard,
51
56
31
57
44
4A
3*
2f
3
3
2|
2f
2|
65 Bentick Shrouds,
65
Lanyards,
58
Lashings,
78 Jeer pendants.
" Falls,
n
2
51
2i
18
6
32
Collar,
Preventer Stay Cabled, 144

Lanyards,
6
32
Collar,
Catharpin Legs,
Sail
Halyards,
Shrouds Cabled, 11 prs.

Lanyards,
Ratline,
Clewlines,
39
24 Stay Tackle Pendants,

"
42
Fall,
44 Yard Lifts,
"
55
auarterLift, '
Foot Ropes,
"
42
Tackle Pendants,
"
"
Falls, "
32
Braces,
Preventer
"
66 Brace Pendants,
7
84
10
5
7
44
64
((
54
7
34
54
((
22
30
132
5
50
106
60
24
13
120
120
77
11
HEDGE ANCHOR, OR
298
in.
Yard Truss Pendanis,

Falls,
Slings,
3^
15
Lanyards,
Main Tacks, Cabled,
7
7
"
Preventer
Sheets,
Clew Garnets,
4i
41
3f
3|
3
3|
Reef Pendants,
Buntline "
"
Whips,
Bowlines,
Runners,
"
Tricing Lines,
"
Quarter
Bill
Clew
"
& Out"
M. Storm staysail
"
"
Stay,
"
12
Yard
96
70
"
10
49
70
24
10
Braces,
'
Lifts,
"
RoLTack.
"
Down. "
Topsail Halyards,
"
"
Sheets,
Reef Pendants,
" Whips,
Buntlines,
"
Pendants,
2
2
100
Bowlines,
40
48
80
56
34
70
Clew lines,
Clew Jiggers,
Bunt
T.M. Staysail stay,
31
3
3
8
"
Halyards,
"
"
Downhaul, 4|
4|
Sheets,
short leg,
54
Jiggers,
Bunt
96
"
Topsail Foot Ropes,

" Stirrups,
Lift
44
10^b
in.
Bridles,
19
"
"
Tacks,
Downhaul,
Middle Staysail stay,

'
" Halyards,
Main Topmast <^
Shrouds, Cabled, 7 prs.
Lanyards,
7 151
3f
Ratline,
Stay, Cabled,
"
"
"
Yard.
Sh
Studding
"
"
"
30
Lanyard,
Spring Slay Cabled,
Lanyard,
B. Backstay, Cab'd, 2
"
2
Standing
Lanyard
'
B. B. S.
S. B. S.
Futtock Shrouds,
" Ratline,
Top rope pendants,
"
" Falls,
20
p.
p.
71
4i
''
Burton "
"
"
pendants,
4i
7
90
94
"
"
"
Boom
"
"
Sheets,
Tacks,
Downhaul,
sail
26
31 50
4* 124
7
86
41 54
3^ 80
3f 82
4^
3|
32
70
100
58
45
(see
Sheets,
''
7 17 ft
7
9 ft
4i 17^
4
18
5
88
6
80
Spring stay.)
Halyards,
46
42
44
tins.
T ~46"
Topsail Tye,
Parrel long leg,
Bridles,
Leechlines,
Slablines,
In
fnis.
~u
Halyard,
Sheets,
Tacks,
Downhaul,
Braces,
Pendants,
Tricing
o Lines-
3i
4^
3i
41
4
3|
3
3
18
42
37
42
37
5
38
104
4* 85
4| 76
3
68
3^ 120
4*
6
3i
46
41
3
38
36
M.T.Gt.M.andYard.
T. G. Shrouds cabled
If
3 pairs.
9 1921
Lanyards,
5 123
Ratline,
4 120
6 Stay Cabled,
6

in.
Lanyard,
Standing Bk. Stays
Lanyards,
Falls,
Mast Rope,
Yard Rope,
*
pr
Braces,
4i
Buntlines,
2f
2f
Bowlines,
lU
12
56
88
80
84
Jigger,
S. Stay,
Haliards
"
Sheets,
Downhaul,
"
Stay S. Stay
"
Haliards,
Sheets,
'
Tacks,
"
Downhaul,
T. Gt. Std. S. Haliards,

'
"
Sheets,
"
"
Tacks,
Tricing
"
60
2f
48
2
Tripping Line, R. Staysail Stay, cabl'd 3
Halyards,
2h
Royal Staysail Sheets,
"
"
Tacks, 2h
"
Downhaul 2
21
Studg. sail Halyards,
'
Sheets,
"
" Tacks,
2
"
" Downhaul, 15'h
34
43
57
63
4
22
86
12
31 45
52
3i
21 48
5
2f
35
4i
3
2i
2i
40
48
44
5
2i 33
3^ 108
21 44
21 38
Braces, Foot Ropes,
Halyards,
Legs,
Bowlines,
"
Bridles,
Clewlines,
'
"
Bunt Jigger,
Main
Skysail Mast
Yards.
*'
"
"
"
21
Back Stays,
Mast Rope,
2i
35
61
Halyards,
3i 66
42
2
Sheets,
11
56
Tripping Line, 15^ 27
Sail Pole.
MoonsailHalyards,
31
42
Stay,
31
31
31
1 pr.
pr.
31
64
4J
70 (Stay Cabled,
62
Lanyards,
1
84
35
56
43
tf-
Skysail Stay;
Shrouds cabled, 2 pairs

Lanyards,
Standing Bk. Stay,

Lanyards,
Mast Rope,
35
Yard.
Breast Back Stay,
7i
Sheets,
Buntlines,
Main Moon
M. Royal M. and
Stirrups,
'*
18th
Lines,
Lifts,
Bridles,
''
*'
3i
3i
21
6|
4
Sheets,
Tacks,
L.
2i
7
7
4
Up. T. G. Stay
"
3
21
28
52
50
"
Clewlines,
Bunt
74
73
"
"
"
fas.
li 70
3^
3
12
Tye,"^
"
"
62
67
67
64
96
Gallant Halyards,
"
56
Stirrups,
"
Top
4i
Foot Ropes,
Yard
in.
Lifts,
"
"
fms.
Yard Rope,
Mast Pendants,
299
Mizen Mast
4*-
50
Cross
Jack Yard.
Shrouds Cabled 7 pairs, 71 166

Lanyards,
Ratline,
-
2JX
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
300
in.
fms
in.
Lanyards,
Lanyard,
Collar,
"
"
"
18ti>
Ratline,
Cathfrpin Legs,
Cross Jack Yard Lifts,
"
Foot Ropes,
Stay Cabled,
4i
18
Preventer do.
Breast Back Stay,
I p,
39
Stirrups,
"
Sheets,
Foot Ropes,
Onthauler,
Peak
Brails,
do.
do.
do.
"
"
"
3i
3
50
35
38
40
40
40
60
40
53
2i
3f
3
3i
Throat
Middle
Foot
Peak Halyards, 4
Throat
Vang
do.
Falls,
"
Mizen Peak,
''
Halyards,
Throat
"
do.
Sheets,
"
"
Downhaul,
Ringtail Halyards,
Tack,
Mizen
Topmast
4
4
4
3
60
40
40
38
5^
88
31
6
17
47
4
45
17
5i
3i
4f
3
82
30
Rolling Tackles,
Downhaul
3i
33
52
60
Lifts,
do.
Halyards,
Topsail Sheets,
ReefPendants,
"
Whips,
" Buntline Pendants,
Whips,
Bowlines,
Clue lines,
Clue Jiggers,
T.
M.
Staysail
"
"
" Tacks,
"
n
5
3i
3
3f
3
3
8i
19
34
70
30
60
51
77
Stay,
(see Spring Stay,)
" Halyards,
" Sheets,
Downhauls,
Middle Staysail Stay,

Halyards,
Sheets,
Downhaul,
Gaff Topsail Jack Stay,
"
'
Halyards,
Tack,
Topmast Shrouds, Ca-
3|
13
Braces,
40
and
f,
Tacks,
Yard.
bled 5 pair,
51
18^
Stirrups,
Storm
Parrells,
p.
Foot Ropes,
3i
Staysail Stay,
5J
"
Halyards, 3i 32
"
Sheets,
4* 11
" Tack,
10
" Downhaul, 3i 18
" Brails,
31 40
" Stay,
" Halyards, 3^ 37
Sheets,
4i 11
Downhaul, 3
15
"
"
13
13
37
6
5
Lanyards,
Braces,
3^ 68 Standing B'k Stays 1
Lanyards,
Truss pend'ts, 5
î
18' Futtock Shrouds,
3
Falls.
"
8
Slings,
Ratline,
Top rope Pendants,
5| 40
Falls,
Lifts,
"
'
"
Falls, 31 4c'
Burton Pendants,
"
"
y
Falls, Guy Pendants, 5
"
3
Falls,
10 Topsail Yard Tye,
"
"
fms.
*'
Outhauler,
"
''
Downhaul,
3i
3
2
2i
31
3i
3
21
n
li
31
3
21
2
34
28
12
23
20
30
27
7
26
12i
25
17
26
M. T.
Gt.
M.
fms
Yard
Yard.
ili"
Shrouds cabled 3 pairs,

Lanyards,
Ratlines,
3J
28
12ih
Stay,
31
19
Lanyards,
Back Stay,
B.
pair,
3i 44
Lanyards,
Stand. Bk. Stay,
pair.
Lanyard
Mast Pendants,
<'
'
"
"
Lifts,
"
Foot Ropes,
"
"
"
'
"
Stirrups,
Braces,
-
Tye,
Halyards,
Sheets
Buntlines,
Bowlines,
"
Bridles
"
"
"
Clew
lines,
lîtts,
"
Braces,
"
Foot Ropes,
**
Stirrups,
"
"
"
"
Halyards,
Sheets,
Buntlines,
Bowlines,
Bridles,
45
9
Fall,
Mast Rope,
Yard Rope,
301
45
54
54
60
72
8
9
40
53
30
70
Clewlines,
Bunt Jigger,
I'ripping Line,
Royal Staysail Stay,
Halyards,
"
Sheets,
*'
Downhaul,
R.StdgSail Halyards,
Sheets,
"
"
Tacks,
15
15
Downhaul.
15
Miz. Sky sail M.d^ Yard
Sky sail Mast Rope,
Halyards,
"
18th
"
Tacks,
"
Downhaul,
14
Miseellaneous Rigging
"
Halyards,
'
Sheets,
T. Gt, Std.
Back
Moon
Sail Pole.
Halyds,
75
Cat
J7
Tacks,
Tricing line
24
27
Fish falls,
Cat head stoppers,
sail
"
Mizen R. M. and YardShrouds cabled, 2 pair,

Lanyards,
Stay Cabled, Breast Backstays 1 pr
Lanyards,
Stand. Bk Stays I pair
Lanyaids,
Mast Rope,
Yard Rope,
Moonsail Halyards,
Sheets,
''
"
''
falls,
Shank Painters,
But Stoppers,
lling Stoppers,
24
22
52
Deck Tackle,
Pore Stay Tackles,
Main Stay Tackles,
6i
6
9
8
7
^h
53
" Pendants,
Boats Falls,
Stern Boats Falls.
52
54
After Cluarter B'ts.

Porward Boats Fall,
vVaist Boats Falls,
'
26
21
Sheets,
Stays,
"
70
12
23
38
37
4
" Bunt Jiggers, T. Gt. Staysail Stay,
IS'h
"
4^
7
4i
4
4
3
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
302
66.
An Estimate of the size and quantity of Blocks

required
to Jit
out a Ship of the Line.
CO
Vj
Ph
s
s
Jib of Jib Downhaul.

Jib of Jib
Downhaul,
Martingale Stay on Boom end,

do.
do. Tackle,
do.
Guy
do.
do.
2
2
Tackle,
do.
Halyards
<^
mast head,
at royal
D
S
Flying Jib Boom.
Boom end,
do. Tackle,
do.
do.
Downhaul on Beam on end,
Fore Royal Bowline
do. Martingale Stay on
1
'
do.
do.
Flying Jibstay Tackle,

do.
do.
Guy
"
Tackle,
do.
Sheets in
Clew of sail,
Jib.
24iBrails on Jib stay,
on
4
\
4*
23Uib Downhaul,
do. leading
S'
a
u
D
s
D
S
s
s
Boom.
20 Martingale Stay on Boom end,

do.
do. Tackle,
21
do.
do.
do.
22
^^6 Jib
Halyards at the F. T. Gallant M. H., B. S.

Head and Heel ropes. Flying Jib boom.
^^25
1
.
s
s
it
Boom
S
s
s
s
s
a
11
end,
Outhauler,
271F. T. Gallant Bowline on the
Boom end,
2
"
303
i
3
C
'
x:
'm
2o
E^
6
z;
1
i
"3
rt
'J2
2H'Standing Jib Guy Tackle

39
do.
do.
30 Tra veiling Jib Guy Tackle,
31
do.
do.
32 Jib Stay Tackle,
33 Jib Stay Tackle,
34 do. Sheets In clew of Sail,
35 Jib boom heel ropes on Cap,
36 Heel rope Tackle fur Jib Boom,
37
do,
38 Jib Halyards
39
do.
T
1
1
1
1
1
4
I
(1
do.
in head of Sail,
<i
T. Mt. Trussle Trees, Iron bound.
D
S
D
S
D
S
S
s
D
s
s
s
r2
12 12
12 11
12
12
12
13
11
11
15
13
20
11
1-.
13
12 13
12 14
13 14
BowspriL
40 Spritsail Lifts on the Yard Arm,
12 15
41
42
on Bowsprit,
do.
43
Brace on the Fore Stay,
do.
44 Fore Top Bowline,
45 Fore Bowline,
_
46 Fore Topmast Staysail Downhaul,
47 do.
lialyards in head of Sail.
do.
48 do.
do.
do. on the F. T. M.
Trussle Trees, Iron bound.
49 do.
Sheets in clew of sail,
do.
50 Fore Storm Staysail Stay on the Bowsprit,
51
do.
B. S.
4
2
2
\
1
1
1
1
((
Downhaul,
do.
do.
C(
52 Fore Staysail Halyards in head of sail.

53 do.
do.
on Trussle Trees,
64 do.
Sheets in clew of sails,
do.
"
<(
s
s
s
13 15
11
13
s
s
s
12 16
13 15
8 13
12 16
s
s
13 16
12 15
s
s
s
s
s
14 38
8 12
12 14
13 14
13 14
17 30
Fore Mast and Yard.

55
56
57
58
59
Runners
for
Topmast, B.
Tackles for
do.
do.
do.
Fore Truss Tackles,

do.
2
2
4 2
1
S.
do.
-
2
2
D
s
16
[-
16-i
13
10 13
|/
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
304
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Fore Jeer Runner, B. S.

Tackle,
do.
Leaders for do,
auarter Blocks on Fore Yard, B. S.
Topsail Sheets on Yard Arm,
.
Slablineson Yard,
Clue Garnets on Yard,
on Clew of Sai^,
do.
Buntlines on Fore Yard,
under Top,
do.
Fore Buntlines,
Fore Leechlines on Yard,
under Top,
do.
Fore Leechlines,
A.fter
on Fore Yard,
do.
leading under Top,
do.
do.
76 After Leechlines,
77 Fore Yard 'I'ackle,

do.
78
do.
Leaders,
do.
79
do.
80 Bill and Cluarter Tricing Lines,
81 Fore Brail on Yard Arm,
leading on M. Trussle
82
do.
83 Preventer Braces on Yard Arms,
84 Leading
do. on Bowsprit,
85 Fore Lifts on Cap span,
86 do. do. on Yard Arm,
87 do. do. on Jigger Tackle, 88 do. do.
do.
do.
89 Clew Jiggers,"
90 Bunt Jiggers, -
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
do.
do.
'
trees,
-
<
Fore Reef Tackle on yard, double scored

do. on Leech of sails,
do.
Bumpkin Blocks. Fore Tack, B. S. Fore Tacks on Clew of sail, B. S. Fore sheet on
do. B. S. do.
Swinging Boom Topping

do.
Lifts,
Whips, do.
do.
for outer Siud. sail Halyds.
Pendants
Outer Stud, sail Halyards, on Boom.
lOllInner
Yard,
do
do.
20 18
12 18
8 13
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Leading
do.
do.
Pricing Lines,
on duarter,
-
Downhaul,
Lower. Studding
sail
Swinging Boom
Brails,
do.
After Guys,
do.
Forward
Leading
305
do.
on Spritsail yd.
Studding sail Tacks, on Boom end,
I'ricing Lines for Sid. sail Gear,
do.
Fore Topmast and Yard.
HI Top Block
B. S. iron bound
112 Top Tackle, 113 Leaders, for do.
114 Fore Top Burton,
.
do.
do.
do.
115
S
Fiddle.
lit)
do.
do. Runners,
F. T. Mt. B. Backstays, turned in, do.

iron bound,
do.
do.
Travelling Bk. Stays,
do.
iron bound,
do.
do.
Gin Blocks, Topftail Ties, B. S,. B. S. Topsail ties on yard,
Fore Topsail Halliards, (Fly)B. S. do.
B. S. do.
do.
do.
B. S. 12fS Leaders for
126 'Fore Top sail Brace on yard,
127 Fore Topsail Brace on Collar of M. Stay
under M. Trussle trees
do
do.
128
129 Reef Tackle and Lifts, B. S.
130 Leaders in Fore Top for Topsail Lifts,
131 Fore Topsail Lift Jiggers,
do,
132
do.
133 Downhaul Tackles,
do.
134
do.
135 duarter Blocks on Topsail Yard,
136 Clewlines in Topsail,
187 Rolling Tackles,
"
(Jo.
do.
138
139 Fore Topsail BuntUne at Mast bead,
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
26*
D
S
S
D
Tripple.
D
Tripple.
S
S
D
S
S
S
s
s
Sister.
22 36
20 20
20 30
20
12
U
a
12 17
15 14
15 14
15 14
15 14
18 25
19 25
22 16
22 16
22 16
17
14 17
15 17
24 22
12
22
10 10
10 10
11 13
11 13
13 17
12 17
D
S
D
S
S
11
13
11 13
112 14
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
306
03
s
s
o
oS
.s
1
140 Fore Topsail Buntline on yard,
141 Reef Tackles,
142 do. on Leach of the sail.
143 Sheets in Clew of Sail, B. S.
144 Leech ropes on Topsail tie,
145 Fore Topsail Buntline Whips,
do.
do.
146
do.
147 Clew Jiggers,
148 Out Rigger in Fore Top,
do.
do.
149
2 4
2 2
2 4
...
*
"
S
S
s
s
s
((
i(
s
s
9 14
10 18
10 18
13 23
8 10
8
8 12
9 12
11 12
11 12
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
s
s
s
s
s
11 17
8 11
10 11
9 11
2
2
2
<(
'
((
Fore Top Gallant Mast and Yard.

150 Span at Cap for Studding Sail Halyards,
151 Jewell Blocks on Yard Arm,
152 Studding Sail Tacks on Boom,
153 Boom Brace Pendants,
154 Leaders for Boom braces on Main Rig.
155 Downhaul for Top Mast Studding Sail,
156 Boom J igger in and out,
157
do.
do.
158 Leaders for do. in Bunt of Yard,
159 Tricing Boom Tackle under Top,
160
do.
do.
do.
161 Top Gallant Mast Tack,
162
do.
do.
163 Jigger Tackle for Top Gallant Rigging,
164
do.
do.
do.
165 Top Gallant breast back Stay, turned in.
166
do.
Iron bound,
do.
167
Stay Tackles,
do.
168
do.
do.
169 Jack Blocks,
170 Top Gallant Halyards,
...
171
do.
do.
172
do.
Braces on Yard Arm,
173 Leading do. on Main Topmast Stay,
174
do. under Trussle Trees,
175 Top Gallant Lifts,
176
do.
do. leading in Top,
177
do.
Lift Jigger,
D
D
s
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
13 IT
8
8
9
9
10
10
9
13
13
11
11
11
11
13
13
D
D
D
7 9
11 11
11 11
11 10
S
S
14 22
D
S
S
s
s
Sister,
11
13
13
10
7i
10
13
13
11
11
11
IH 16
9 16
8 10
YOUNG sailor's ASSISTANT
307
ta
6
6
o
c
1
1
02
17c
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
do.
do.
Top
Top
Block, Iron bound,

Gallant Sheet on Yard Arm, B. S.
.
.
_
Cluarter Blocks,
Top Gallant Buntlines.
Top
Gall't.
Spare
Studding Sail Halyards,
Jewell Blocks,
Studding Sail Tacks,
.
_
Tricing Lines,
OB
((
2 2
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
S
S
s
8 10
14 22
12 9
10 14
Sh 10
t 12
Sh 12
8 12
7 9
D
S
s
s
s
s
Fore Royal Mast and Yard.

187 Fore Royal Breast Back Stays, turned in,
do.
188
do.
Iron bound,
189 Stay Tackle,
190 Leading Royal brace on Top Gallant stay,
191
do.
do.
do.
at
Mast
.
_
192 Cluarter Blocks,
193 Royal Buntlines,
194 Spare do. Studding Sail Halyards,
19^ Jewell Blocks,
190 Studding Tacks on Boom,
Main Mast and

197 Runners for
198 Tackles for
199
do.
Main Mast,
do.
do.
head,
_
Yard.
B. S,
200 Main Truss Tackles,

201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
20(1
do.
do.
...
Jeer Runners, B. S.
Jeer Tackles,
Leaders fordo,
.
.
Cluarter Blocks on Main Yard, B. S.
Topsail Sheets on Yard, B. S.
Slab Lines on
do.
Clew Garnets on do.
do.
in
21C Buntlines on
Clew of Sail,
Main Yard,
"
2
u
2
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
"
1
2
2
s
s
s
s
D
s
s
s
4 2
4 2
2 1
2 1
((
D
S
'.
((
2 I
4 1
2 1
2 1
2 2
2 "
2 4
2
4
2
1
8 11
8 11
7 9
6h 10
6i
"2 10
6^
"2 9
D
S
S
s
s
s
s
s
6
6
f
6
9
9
9
9
17 30
17 16
17 16
10 13
10 13
((
22 35
22 24
22 24
17 23
17 23
10 13
15 17
17
9 13
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
308
(B
<a
5
o
c5
c
a.
Z
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
22ti
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
Main
4
2
under Top,
do.
211,
Bantlines,
Lepchlines on Yard,
under Top,
do
.
Main Leechlines,
After do. on Main Yard,
do. under Top,
After Leechlines,
Main Yard Tackle,
do.
Bunt
do.
do.
ii.
Scored,
leech of sail.
Main Tack on Gangway, B. S.

in Clew of sail, B. S.
do.
B S.
Main Sheets in
do.
Runners for Main Bowline Bridle,
Tackles for
do.
241 Tricing Lines for Studding sail Gear,

242 Main tJtaysdil Stay on Foremast, 243 Storm Staysail Halyards in Col. of Stay,
in heavy Sail,
do.
do. '
244
Downhaul,
do.
do.
245
Sheets,
do.
246
247 Runner for Jumper on Main Stay, do.
do.
24d Tackle for
do.
do.
do.
249
250 Fore Stay Tackle,
do.
251
252 Leader for do.
do.
253
Mam Stay
Tackle
Shoe.
S
S
4
2
2
2
do. Reef Tackle on Yard,
2
2
do.
do.
do.
m
1
2
2
Bill and Cluarter Tricing Lines,
4
2
Main Brace on Yard,
2
Leading Main Braces,
on
Yard,
Main
Braces
2
Preventer
Leading Preventer Main Braces on Yard, 2
2
Main Lifts on Cap, (span)
2
do.
on Yârd Arm,
2
Main Jigger Tackle,
2
dc.
do.
4
Main Clew Tackle,
do.
do.
do. Leaders,
Shoe.
Shoe.
Fiddle.
1
'
1
1
1
'
'
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
"
((
((
2
2
2
2
2
2
'
2
2
"
4
2
a
"
D
S
S
D
S
S
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
1
1
'
"
"
C
c
~9
13
13
9 13
8 13
13
8 13
8 13
s
9 13
33 17
18 17
18 17
8 9
22 20
9
22 20
17 17
16 17
17 23
17 23
IQ 11
10 11
8 11
8 11
8 11
12 18
11 18
16^23
16|23
16 23
1113
1113
8111
14|28
14 14
12 14
1213
1613
916
911
911
17,17
s
s
1717
1717
n 17

6
3
309
t
EU
Til
Z
254 Main Stay Tackie,
do.
255 Leader for
1
1
Main Topmast and
Yard.
256 Top Block, Iron bound,' B. S.

257 Top Tackle,
258 Leaders for do.
259 Main Top Burton,
260
do.
do.
261
262
Runners,
do.
Main T. M. Breast Back Stay turned in,
263
Iron bound,
do.
do.
264
Travelling turned in,
do.
265
do.
do.
Iron bound,
266 Main Top Mast Stay, B. S.
267
do.
Spring Stay, B S. 268 Gin Block for Topsail Tye, B. S.
269 Topsail Tye on Yard, B. S.
270 Topsail Halyards, (Fly) B. S.
271
27-2
do.
do.
(1
B. S.
Leader for Topsail Halyards, B. S.

273 Main Topsail Bract; on Yard,
274
do. leading on Collar of Mizen Stay,
275 do. Span on Mizen Mast,
276 do. Lifts and Reef Tackles, B. S.
277 do. Lift Leaders,
278 do. Lift Jiggers,
279 do. Downhavil Tackle,
280 Main Top sail Downhaul Tackle,
281 Gluarter Block on Yard,
282 Clewline in Sail,
.
_
283 Rolling Tackle,
284
do.
do.
285 Main Topsail Buntlines, Mast head,
286
leading on Yard,
do.
d'>.
287 Reef Tackle Whips in Pendants,
28S
do. in leech of sail,
289 Top?tiil sheets in Clew of sail, B. S,
290 Leech Ropes on Topsail Tye,
291 Main Topsail Bunt Whips,
2
4
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
1
]
1
1
<(
1
1
"
u Tripple.
a
S
'
2
2
Tripple.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
S
Fiddle.
2
2
S
S
S
((
1
1
1
1
((
S
s
s
s
Sister.
"
((
S
S
s
s
s
s
s
2
2
2
2
t(
2
2
4
"
36
26
20
11
11
18
14
14
14
14
36
39
27
27
16
16
16
18
18
18
23
23
10
10
13
17
17
13
13
14
14
13
13
23
lO
12
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
310
do.
do.
292
ain Top Bowline in Fore Top
293
294 Clew Jiggers,
295 Outrigger in Main Top,
do.
do.
206
297 Staysail Halyards, at Mast head, iron b'd
in head of Sail,
do.
298
299 Staysail Downhaul,
Brails,
do.
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
Sheets in pendants,
do.
Middle Staysail Tricing Lines,

Halyards, iron bound,
do.
Downhaul,
do.
Spar for Studding Sail Halyards,
Jewell Blocks,
Studding Sail Tacks on Boom,
Downhaul,
do.
Boom
Leaders
Tricing
for
Boom
do.
Main Top
Slay,
do.
D
S
S
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
do.
do.
Jigger,
do.
Gallant Mast and Yard.
314 Top Block, {iron bound)

315 Mast Tackle,
do.
do.
316
317 Jigger for Top Gallant rigging,
do.
do.
do.
do.
318
319 Breast Backstays, turned in,
iron bound,
do.
do.
320
Stay tackle,
do.
do.
321
do.
do.
322
do.
32H Jack Block for Top Gallant yard, 324 Top Gallant Halyards,
do.
325
do.
brace on yard,
do.
326
327 Leading do. on Collar of Miz. T. Gt.
328
Jigger in and out,
do.
S
S
do.
at
Mast Heod,
22
13
13
9
9
11
11
12
12
22
13
13
12
12
13
6^b
330
331
332
333
334
335
lop Gallant JLitis,

Leaders for do.
Lift Jigger,
do. do.
B. S.
-
Sheets on Yard arm, B S. Ctuarter Blocks on Top Gallant Yard,

Top Gallant Buntlines,
336 Leading Main Top Gallant Stay
Bowlines through chock, 1 Chock,
&
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
At Fore Top Mast Crosstrees,

Lower Top Gal't Staysail Tricing Lines,
do. Halyards at Mast head;
do.
do. Downhaul,
do.
Upper Top Gallant Staysail Tricing lines
do. Halyards at Mast head,
do.
do. Downhaul,
do.
Spare Top Gal't Studding Sail Halyards
Jewel Blocks on Yard Arm,
Studding Sail Tacks on Boom,
Tricing Lines,
do.
Main Royal Mast and

348
34J^
350
Main Royal Backstay,

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Yard.
turned in,
Iron bound,
Stay,
351
Brace or Mizen T. Gal't Stay
352
do. at Mast head,
353 Gluarter Block on Yard,
.
354 R-oyal Buntlines,
_
355
do. Bowlines,
356
do. tStaysail Tricing Line,
357
do.
do,
Downhaul,
358 Spare Royal Studding Sail Halyards,
359
Jewel Blocks,
do.
dor
360
Tacks on Boom,
do.
do.
Mizen Mast.
361 Mizen Pendant Tackles,
311
312
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
362 Mizen Pendant Tackles,

363 Cross Jack Truss Tackle,
364
do.
do.
365 Cluarter Block on Cross Jack Yard, B. S
366 Topsail Sheets on Yard Arm, B. S.
361 Cross Jack Brace on yard,
do.
do. Leaders,
368
369 Spare Cross Jack Lifts,
370
do.
do.
on Yard,
.
.
.
371 Lift Jiggers,
do.
372
373 Mizen Staysail Stay under Miz. Top, B.S
Stay Tackle,
do.
374
do.
do.
375
376 Tricing Tackle for Miz. Stay at Miz. mst
377
do.
do.
378 Staysail Halyards on Collar of Miz. stay,
379
in head of sail,
do.
380 Mizen Staysail Downhaul,
Brails,
381
do
38'2 Storm Staysail Hal} ai-ds on Collar of stay,
383
do.
in head of sail,
do.
Downhaul,
384
do.
Spanker Boom.
385 Spanker Topping Lift under Mizen Trus
sle
Trees, B. S.
336
Boom Runner,
do.
38
Topping Lift Tackle,
do.
388
do.
do.
do.
389
do.
Guy
do.
390
do.
do.
do.
391 Crow foot for Spanker Topping Lifts,
392 Spanker Sheet,
.
Blocks on
Gîff.
393 Mizen Vangs,

94
do. Leading on Cluarter,
ol2
U12
YOUNG
SAILOR'S ASSISTANT.
313
6
3
C
S
S
75
1
5
n
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
Spanker Peak brails,

do.
Middle do.
Throat do.
do.
do.
2
2
10
2 2 Tripple. 9
2 1
8
S
2 1
8
s
2 I
13
((
1
14
.'
1
14
Cluarter do. on Gaff,
Spanker Foot Brails on Gaff,

Peak Halyards on Gaff,
do,
do. on Cap, Iron bound,
Throat Halyards on Mast,
do. on Gaff,
Outhauler in Clew of Sail,
D
D
S
s
U
11
1;^
11
11
14
14
14
14 14
13 17
Mizen Top Mast and Yard.

405 Top Block, Iron bound, B. S.
406 do. Tackle,
407 [lolling do.
408
do.
409 Topsail Buntlines at Mast head.
410
do.
on Yard,
411 Mizen Top Runners,
412 Breast Backstays, turned in.
Iron bound,
413
do.
do.
414 Mizen Topmast Stay, B. S. ^
415
Spring do. B. S.
do
416 Gin Blocks Topsail Tye, B. S.
417 Topsail Tye on Yard, B. S.
418
do. Halyards Fly,
419
do.
[
420
do. Leader,
421 Mizen Top Sail Brace on Yard,
422 Leadins:
do.
423 Topsail Lifts,
424
do.
do.
425
do. Jigger,
426
do.
do.
427 Down haul Tackles,
do.
428
do.
429 (Quarter Blocks on Yard,
430 Olewline in Sail,
431 Rolling Tackle,
432
do.
do.
1
1
<
1
fj
2 il
2 1
2 1
2 "
2 ((
2 '(
D
s
2 1
2 4
u
1
s
s
s
s
s
s
((
D
S
S
s
s
((
...
27
s
2 1
2 ((
D
"
2
s
2
D
2 1 Fiddle.
2 1
S
2 <i.
S
2 1
D
((
D
S
17
18
10
10
18
10
10
23
17
11
11
1.5
V6 13
Vi 1:3
10 25
\)
25
13 25
15 25
16
16 14
16
12 13
12 13
22
9
8
8
17
17
3
8
9 11
9 11
11 14
9 14
10 12
10 12
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
314
'Ji
xi
.s
12;
433 T opsail Buntlines at Mast head, ^

do.
on Yard,
do
434
435 Reef Tackles, Whips on Pendants,
do. in leech of Sail,
do,
436
437 Topsail Sheets in Clew of Sail,
on
Topsail Tyes,
Ropes
Leech
438
439 Mizen Topsail Bunt Whips,
do.
do.
440
do. Bowlines,
441
do. Clew Jiggers,
442
443 Out Rigger in Mizen Top,
do.
do.
444
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
4
1
t
1
((
2
2
3
((
((
<<
1
((
-s
s
s
s
s
s
D
s
s
s
2 t<
2 u
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
10 11
8 11
n 11
11
7i
11
7
8
8
10
8
10
10
20
9
10
10
11
10
11
11
Leading Various Rigging on Mizen

Mast and Quarter Deck.
445 Leading Mizen Topsail Clewlines,
Buntlines,
do.
446
Reef Tackles.
do.
447
448 Top Gallant Sheets,
449 Royal Halyards,
450 Top Gallant do.
2 i(
2 u
1
((
451 Topmast Staysail do.
((
452 Peak and Middle brails of Spanker,

do.
do.
453 Throat
do.
454 Foot and Ctuarter do.
Mizen
Topsail
Sheets,
455
456 duarter Boats Tackles,
do.
do.
do.
457
do.
dd.
458 Stern
do.
do.
do.
459
460 Leaders for duarter Boats Tackles,
461 Leading Blocks on Mizen Fife Rail, D.
2 (C
2
2 "
2 ((
scored,
D
s
D
S
11 12
11 11
11 16
11
17
11
11 10
11 11
9 11
9 12
9 12
11
20
13
13
14
14
9
14
14
15
15
14
4 u
4
2 <(
2
4
S
S
S
10 a
9 16
S
S
17 32
13 13
<(
Miscellaneous Blocks.
462 Top
Girtlines,
463 Mast head Girtlines F.
M.
&
Miz. mast,
((
12
((
464 LufF Tackle tor setting up Lower rigging,

465
do.
do.
do.
466 Tricing Lines for Luffs on lower Rigging
.
.
and Stays,
467 Stopper Tackles on Fighting Luffs,
468 Fish Tackle on Davit head D. scored, B.S.
469
on Fish hook Fall,
do.
leading on Davit head, B. S.
470
do.
471
do.
in Pendants on Gangway,
472 Tripping line for Fish Hook,
473 Davit Guy Tackle forward,
474
do.
do.
475
aft,
do.
do.
476
do.
do.
477 Cat Tackle at Davit head,
478 do. Blocks, B. S. Iron bound.
479 Leader for do. B. S.
480 Back Rope for do.
-
481
Main Yard Whips,
482
do. do. for Stay,
do.
483
do. for Swabs,
do.
do484 Hammock and Clothes Lines,
485 Purchase Blocks, B. S.
486
do.
do.
B. S.
487 Leader on Viol Block, B. S.
486 Deck or Winding Tackle, 489 do.
do.
490 Relieving Tackle for Tiller,
491
Snatch Blocks.
Snatch Biocks,
D
D
D
S
s
s
D
s
D
S
D
Treble.
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
D
S
....
...
D
S
Treble.
do.
do.
492 Blocks for Awnings,

493 Whips for Crowfoot,
494Tackles for Ridge Ropes,
495 Windsail Halyards,
496 Jigeer Tackles,
497 ^^do.
49b
do.
499
do.
315
S
S
S
s
s
D
s
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
316
01
a>
t
S
j3
2 Snatch Block,
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
la
n
14
15
16
17
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
dodo.
do.
do.
do.
B, S
B. S.
B. S.
....
....
....
....
....
....
-
a.
02
C
^;
i
.2
"6
is
U
16 15
18 18
20 20
22 22
24 23
26 24
28 26
30 28
32 30
34 32
36 34
40 38
11 10
10 9
9 8
7
3
2
ai
Si
2
2
Dead Eyes.
1 Cap Bobstay,
2 Outer Bowsprit Shrouds,
3 Inner
....
....
...
....
...
do.
4 Fore Shrouds,
do.
5
6 Beniick Shrouds,
do.
7
8 Fore Topmast Shrouds,
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
do.
do:
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
16 F. T. Gallant
17
do.
18 Fore Royal
do.
19
do.
do.
do.
do.
Stay,
...
...
...
...
....
.
Spring Stay,
do.
Back Stay,
20 Main Shrouds,
21
B. Stay,
do.
do.
do.
do.
2 2
....
4 1
22 2
20 2
2 ((
12 2
12 2
4
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
22 2
24 2
12
10
10
17
17
12
11
11
13
13
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
6
6
17
17
22 Bentick Shrouds,
23
do.
24 Main Topmast Shrouds,
do.
25
do.
26
Backstay,
do.
do.
27
do.
28
do.
do.
Stay,
29
do.
30
do.
do.
31 Main T. Gt. Backstay,
32
do.
do.
Royal,
33
do.
34
do.
do.
35 Mizen Shroud?,
36
do.
37 Mizen Topmast,
38
do.
39 Mizen Backstays,
40
do.
do.
Topgallant Backstay,
41
do.
do.
42
do.
43 Mizen Royal Stay,
44
do.
do.
317
12
12
1
11
13
13
10
10
10
8
8
6
6
13
13
9
9
11
7
7
5
5
Hearts.
14
15
20
Outer Bobstay,
Inner
do.
Upper F. Spring Stay,
Lower
24
24
28
28
28
24
23
do.
Upper Fore Stay,

Lower
do.
Upper Main Stay,
Lower
do.
Upper Main Spring Stay,

do.
Lower
Preventer
In
Gammoning,
2r
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
318
Miscellaneous Articles.
69.
\o. in use.
Leading Trucks
Rigging on
lor various
do.
do.
Shrouds
do.
do.
Commanders,
Heavers,
Serving Boards,
Hand
48
8
24
18
24
36
to 10 inches,
do.
do.
Folds.
30
do.
Serving Mallets, assorted from 6

Settling Fids,
Splicing Fids,
Spikes,
12
3
2
Stand for Coils of spun Yarn,

Reels for Stretching,
70. Anchors.
Starboard Bower Anchor
Larboard
do.
8627
91*75
do.
lo.
Bovjrer,
Sheet,
'
Stream Anchor,
No. 1--Kedge Anchor,

No.2.
do.
No. 3.
do.
No. 4.
do.
No. 5.
do.
Boats
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
'
8427
8700
2272
1117
800
675
500
410
100
125
175
.,
71. Distances from
Spar Deck of
JJ,
S. Ship North
Carolina.
From Night Heads
do.
do.
do.
Bowsprit Cap,
53
feet,
do.
to Jib
do.
do.
to
Boom,
Flying Jib Boom,
91
109
128
"
"
"
to
to Jib of Jib
Truck,

From Spar Deck
to Fore Cap,
toF. T. M;Cap,
toF. T. Gt. Cap,
toF. Cap,
do.
toF. Skysail Truck,
do.
to Main Cap,
do.
do.
do.
T. M.Cap,
T. Gt. Cap,
do.
do.
Royal Cap,
do.
do.
Skysail Truck,
do.
do.
do.
Mizen Cap,
do.
T.M. Cap,
do.
do.
do.
do.
T. Gt. Cap,
do.
do.
do.
do. Royal Cap,
do.
-'
do.
Skysail Truck,
do.
do.
,ngth on Spar Deck,
do.
do.
319
,iy
122 i
145*
170i
1871
90
141
166
193i
21U
75i
116
136
158
173
209
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
320
7?
TS
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KBDGE ANCHOR, OR
322
^4
Size.
Scale of Weights for Cables and Hawsers.
fms
5
5^
6
wght. Size.
120
((
((
<<
S'
7^
((
8
8^
9
((
i(
((
"
,^^
10
<c
lOi^
11
((
lU
it
(<
12
I2i
((
13
ISJ
14
((
((
700
840
lOOS
1170
1372
1588
n9-2
2016
2268
2520
2S00
3080
3418
3G96
4032
4365
4732
5096
54Sb>
fms, wgbt. Isize.
5
51
lOU
6
61
<
840
cc
((
1080
1144
7
8
8a
9*
91
10
lOi
<(
((
((
((
((
IH
((
13
i:^
14
2100
2334
2567
2847
3080
3360
3640
3944
4247
4547
((
11
1324
1494
1680
1890
C(
t<
12
559
700
((
"
((
14i
15
151
16
161
17
171
18
18i
19
19^
fms |wghf.|Size.
iJiO
20
20i
21
211
22
221
23
23 i
24
<
((
588U
6300
6720
7168
7616
8092
8568
9072
9576
10108
10640
11200
11760
12348
12936
13552
I4I68
14812
15456
16128
14^
15
151
16
161
17
fms.jwhgt.
100
u
((
l(
((
"
n^
((
18
((
181
19
19^
20
201
21
û
22
221
23
231
24
C(
((
<(
((
(C
((
((
(1
4900
5250
5600
5974
6347
6744
7140
7560
7980
8424
8867
9344
9800
10290
16780
11277
11807
12344
12880
13440
RECEIPTS.
For Blacking
75.
To
Oil,
ShipKî
Standing Rigging.
every Gallon of Tar add two quarts of Fish
and
quart Black Varnish.
7^.
For Blacking Guns.
Six pounds Bees Wax, mixed with

Spirits of
Gallon of
Turpentine, one paper of Lampblack mix-
ed well together
for
20
24 pounders.

N.B. The Bees wax
in the
to be cut fine
323
and dissolved
Turpentine before mixed with the Lampblack.
For Blacking Hammock

and Bends.
77.
Cloths^ Yards,
First scrub the cloth well with Salt Water,
while wet, put on the
first
should be well ground, paint with 1^ lbs Bees
added
to
each gallon of paint, after the
firs!
well dry, put on second mixed as follows, viz

1 lb
1
Lampblack mixed
Red Lead,
and
which
coat of priming,
wax
coat
is
for paint,
do.
IGall. Paint
J-
lb.
oz.
Oil,
Litharge,
Indigo.
Boiled for half an hour, and stirred at intervals. Care
should be taken that the composition boils that

length of time. After
it
has cooled a
of Spirits of Turpentine, apply

will
dry
add one pint

it
time with a beautiful gloss, and
in a short
be perfectly limber.
found very suitable
This
for yards
it'must never be used too
vass in which case
little
when warm, and
it
last
and
warm,
mixture has been

also the bends, but
particularly on
will lose its gloss, the
Can-
priming or
KEDGE ANCHOR, OR
324
first
coat
is
not put on cloths that had been black be-
fore.
78. Receipt for
oz.
Making Liquid Blacking.
Ivory black,
5 or 6 Table spoons full of Molasses,
11
oz. Oil of Vitriol,
1^ do. Sweet
oil,
6 Gills of Vinegar,
After mixing the ingredients, together well stirring
them frequently, the Blacking
will be
79.
For Blacking Guns.
Lampblack,
oz. of
3 pints of Spirits Turpen

3
To be
put
oz.
in, after
and one Gallon
80.
tine,
of Litharge,
Lampblack and Turpentine
the
are well mixed, add
for use.
fit
oz.
brisfht
of
Umber
to
give
it
a gloss,
Varnish.
Compositionfor Blacking Guns.
6 lbs Bees
wax
cut
Spirits Turpentine, let
it
up
fine,
then add 7 quarts
stand until
it
is
well dis-

solved, then add 1
325
pound Lamp black, and mix it well
together.
81.
Recipe for making Black Varnish,
Gum
lbs
" of
Shallach,
Umber,
Gallon Linseed Oil,
lb of
Lampblack,
Boiled together for four hours over a slow
82* Compositio7i for
Blacking
No
Bees wax,
Rosin,
Paint Oil
Lampblack,
Boil
Hammock
N. B.
To
be primed
20
.-
them well together and keep
ing on.
Cloths
1.
Sprits Turpentine,
fire.
it
first
lbs.
do.
2 Galls.
do.
lbs.
warm
while put-
with lead colored
paint.
83.
Composition for
Yellow Ochre,
Black Paint,
Hammock
Cloths^
...
28
No
48
lbs
2.
HEDGE ANCHOB, OR
326
84.
Soap,
Fresh Water,
lb.
pints.
Another Receipt for Hammock Cloths, No.

Black Paint,
Yellow Ochre,
.
-
lb.
lbs
ilb
Soap,
Fresh Water,
85.
3.
Composition for
Hammock
Black paint well ground,
f gill.
Cloths, No. 4.
80 pounds.
Linseed Oil,
10
Bees wax,
Litharge,
Spirits Turpentine,
galls.
10 pounds
5
do.
1 gall.
For blacking bends add 2 gallons of Tar.
86. Composition for
Making Black
Spirits of Turpentine.
Rosin,
1 Gall.
1 lb.
Lampblack.
Linseed
Varnish,
Oil,
4 oz.
1 do.
-
4 do:
1 quart.
YOUNG
To
sailor's ASSISTANT.
be boiled on a slow
when
used, or laid on,
327
half an hour, then
fire for
cold.
87. Solder for Tin.
Nothing here
and
brass well
is
necessary, but good tough borax,
mixed together with water
to the
con>
sistence of paste.
88. Solder for
Take two
its
goodness
parts of water
is
tried
Lead and one
by melting
crown piece on a
size of a
Lead.
table,
it,
part of tin,
and pouring the
then
if it
be good,
there will arise small bright stars or beads on
ply rosin
when you
S9.
Mix
To make
it
it
ap-
it.
the best
Drying
pound of Litharge of gold
Ions of Oil, boil

lest it
use
over a slow
fire,
to
Oil.
every 6 gal-
but not too
prove too thick, and be unserviceable.
much
KEDGE ANCHOR.
328
90.
Copperas,
For Black Stai7i.

-
4oz.
Iron rust, or a few pieces of old iron hoop,
Vinegar,
Lampblack,
1 gallon,
lb.
Oak shavings.
small quantity of
ERRATA.
Page.
5,
15th line for Cavrick, read Carrick.
6,
26
21,
18
49,
58,
12
61,
20
83,
23
93,
11
101,
((
19
102,
((
i(
Pauch,
"
Panch.
clean,
"
clear.
((
expand
"
((
boy.
11
((
((
((
((
((
((
those
these.
cleats,
"
blocks.
"
parts.
ports,
ii
booms,
and,
(1
((
expend.
buoy.
"
Ihrimble,
1^ No doubt there are other errors,
bows.
end.
"
treble
which the author hopes the
vner will correct with the pen.
THE END.

Naval Appren Tics S 00 Brad

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1^.

DEDICATED TO JOHN GALLAGHER,

CAPTAIN UNITED STATES NAVY.

APFERTAINING TO THE PRACTICAL EVOLUTIONS OP SEAMANSHIP, RIGGING,

KNOTTING, SPLICING BLOCKS, PURCHASES,

MOST DISTINGUISHED NAVAL OFFICERS.

BY WILLIAM BRADY, BOATSWAIN,

PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY FRYE & SHAW,

In offering the following work

to the public, the

author deems no apology necessary, as

U. S. Naval Apprentices, as a ready

by which they must expect

theory of that art

advance in the profes-

sion they have chosen.

any who intend

embrace the Sailor

to those destined for the

hands of the learned, they

better versed with the

marlingspike than the pen, and that

any other work of this

not aware that there

kind, except those

for the youthful

has been submitted to the inspec-

number of experienced naval

their decided approbation,

whose names are appended to the work.

To knot a Rope yarn.

two Half Hitches.

a Sheet or Becket Bend.

a Pudding for a Mast or Yard.

To worm and serve a Rope.

a Spritsail Sheet Knot.

Buoy Rope Knot.

a Pauch or wrought Mat.

a Harbour Gasket, or French Se]

pass a Rose Lashing.

weave a Sword Mat.

" Treble Block.

" Fiddle Block.

" Sister Block.

Belaying Pin Rack.

" Strop for a Block.

make a Jacob's Ladder.

Three- fold Purchase.

raise the Sheers.

" take in the

Main and Foremast.

Main and Mizen Mast.

" get the

" swifter in the

" get on board the Topmast.

" rig the

" rig the Spritsail

rig flying Jib-boom.

rig Topsail Yards.

" cross Topsail Yards.

and Top-gallant Masts.

rig Lower Yards.

" get aloft the