- FRONTISPIECE MERICIN HVATION OF MIYNINDS SOS SosRVUUs secorasinglheSSTIQUITIES 111 WARS f Ue IP Mahesefertare Mel rf lord that cbarite eine asa Nerrvion astrellasanMéstartianthethestrdacie lash te anrapiisted ty fbr SASTONIC MI whrhells iv one hand te MERROR of TRAV Bachech tof lerts ies'raps v7 the NOSNCWHITINGS 710 cath teuthenporintastes lpes frst: Therliataas of TVS arnebesfitheNESNSINS the RemanCiyperey. Asnos onohe Loother sos MhegrratLingever trampling ane Ya therdistanee lhe Reman Lanny datrning hel ilg gf Wexicssisestoirera hich are SUNDIK 110 \AGLENISG/ edema raotng weal Mal ingeanitep Moaren: anebchtnethe SBEVISGSY the led deal prction of Mae ESAS EMPIRE,ED BO PIO SOE SEERA GCC OY WHOLE GENUINE AND COMPLETE wWwoRkKs | FLAVIUS JOSEP HU. ‘THE LEARNED AND AUTHENTIC JEWISH HISTORIAN, . aw CELEBRATED WARRIOR. 1. The Antiquities of the Jews, in Twenty Books; with” jy III. The Book of Jofephus againft Apion in Defence of their Wars, memorable Tranfiétions, remarkable Oc the Jewith Antiquities. In Two Parts, . ccurrences, their various ‘Tums of Glory and Mifery, || IV. ‘The Martyrdoms of the Macabees. . Profperity and Adverfity, from the Creation of the !! V.. ‘The Embafly of Philo fiom the Jews of Alexandria, World ‘to the Emperor Caius Caligula. IL. ‘The Wars ofthe Jews with the Romans, ftom their J VI. ‘The Life of Flavius Jolephus, writen by himfele, ‘Commencement to the final Deltruétion of Jerufalemby |} VIL. ‘Testimonies of Jofephus concerning Our Bleed Sa~ ‘Titus in the Reign of Velpafian. In Seven Books. viour, St. John the Baptift, &c. cltarly vindicated. | —$———$ ERA Tranflated from the Original in the Greek Language, ‘And diligently rovifed and compared with the Writings of coemporary Authors, of diferent Nations, on the Sabjeét ee fil tending to provethe Autheacny af ake Work, 7 SESaeeecese VARIOUS USEFUL INDEXES, : Particularly of the Counrates, Crrtes, Towns, Vittaces, Seas, Rivers, Movnrams, Laxs, &<- a which are related in the History. i) ALSO A A ’ - Pa. CONTINUATION 7 & OF THE B HISTORY of the JEWS, ‘ i From Josrxus down to the prefent Time, INCLUDING A PERIOD OF MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED YEARS. ‘An Account of their difpertion into the various Parts of Eto, “Aa, Afica, and Americas their different Perfecuti- ons, Trankidtions, various Occurrences, and prefnt Sue throughout the known World, witk A great vatiety of other inerefting and authentic Particulars colleéted from various valuable Works, recording the Prin- cipal Tranfdions ofthe Jews fine the me of Josseaus. By GEORGE HENRY MAYNARD, LL. D. on AAD SIO D MW COCCI Mluftruted with MARGINAL REFERENCES ind NOTES, Hittoriéal, Biographical, Claftical, Critical, Geographical, and Explanatory. By the Rev. EDWARD KIMPTON, Author of the Compleat Unrversat History of the Hoty Braue. bali wi pra of Sry tefl Earring ke fm ori Drang of Mec, Star, nd aa Mem ofthe Rap ACER, aad engested by Ametifin Art NEW-YORK Parsrep anp Sorp sy WILLIAM DURELL, ar nts Boox Store axp Printine Orrrce, No. 19, Queex-Srreer; ‘Near THe Fiy-Mirxer. _—— — ; 4 se TEE RSET ey,THE TRANSLATORS “ADDRESS TO THE READER. ‘0 thofe who are curious in fearching into ancient diftory, whatever concerns fo remarkable a people as the Jewsmutt be extremely infereffing as wellas entertaining ; and perhaps many people, who would ly inclined tohear whata learnedman not look for their hiftory inthe Sacred Writings,mightbeirrefi of their own nation, who was afoldier, aprieft, and a politician, has delivered down tous concerning their origin and moft remarkable tranfaétions. Jofephus was not only a man of learning, but like- wife well acquainted with the fubjeét he treats of, and feems to have had almoft as much connexion with tle Roman people as with his own: for at twenty-fix years of age, he went.to Rome, lived there, and became intimacely acquainted with Nicanor, (who was afterwards a colonel in Vef- pafian’s army) and alfo with Aliturus, one of Nero’s favourites. By him he was likewife introduced to Popaea, the emprefs, from whom he received many honours: Our Hiftorian,thercfore,cannot fail to give usmuch ufeful information as well asentertainment, when hhe'treats of the manners and conduét of that enlightened and warlike people theRomans, by whom he was much refpected and cfteemed. When he returned to Jerufalem the war between the Jews and Romians was juft breaking out, and he then appeared in defence of his countrymen, not only as a very able politician, but as an indefatigable and valiant commander : for being, at thirty years of. age, appointed one of the governors of Galilee, he bravely refifted the Romans as long as courage and wiflom could avail any thing againftthem. But alas! they were fent as the tremendous feourge of Providence to an abandoned ungrateful people: they fought under the banner of an avenging God, and literally fulfilled Our Savior’s prophecy, when they planted the Roman.eagle in the heart of Judaa ; “ Wherefoever the carcafsis, there will the Eagles be gathered together.”—Luke xvii. 37- ‘Jofephus was happily {pared from the dreadful deftruction juftly denounced againft his country- men : nor, indeed, can we wonder at God’s kind prefervation of him, if we confider attentively many circumitances in his Life and Writings, which fem ftrongly toindicatea liberal way of thinking, a mind ftrongly bialfed in favor of trath wherever he foundit, and farabove the obftinate prejudicesof Judaifm. HisSacred Hiltory, though nearly correfpondent to the account of Mofes, is enriched with much Rabbinical learning, and adorned with many eloquent and nervous {pecches, highly expreffive of thé fentiments of thofe ancient men of renown who make fo fair a figure in the hiftoric page: but when he comes torélate the dreadful ftruggle between the Jews and Romans, which ended in the death oF 1,100,009 of the former, and the total overthrow of their ftate and temple, fo clear and circum- all the various turns ftantial is his account, that we follow him, as it were, ftep by ftep, {ympathiz of fortune and fhare the horrors of the war. “Jofephus appears moreover to have been fingularly favored by the Almighty in fome’ particular re- velations of his providential defigns for it is a known faét that he foretold to Vefpafian that he fhould be Emperor of the Romans when he was only a general in their armies ; and hie’ confeffes, Chap. xiv. “That God thewed him, ina dream, the deftruction of the Jews, and their conqueft “ by the Romans, and what thould happen to the Roman Emperors.” Being a prieft, he was well acquainted with the facred books of the Prophets, and knew how to explain them ; and from his knowledge, he frequently faggefted to the Jews, that God had forftken them, and gone over to the Romans. He was even fo bold and candid as to tell his obftinate countrymen, that in oppofing the Romans, they fought not only agsinit an incenfed enemy, but againft the decrees of God.q THE TRANSLATOR ADDRESS TO THE READER. ‘What may be expected then fi fo learned and impartial an Hiftorian, writing in a mazly, ner- vous ftile, and delivering to usa Faithful account of thofe tremendous {ceneg he was witaefs to, and oftentimes a€ually engaged in! We cantidt, perhaps, any where mect with d more interefting or entertaining hiftory. * ‘When the war was over, andall things he had foretold had exaétly come to pats, he determined to publish this remarkable hiltory, which we now offer in this new dreGs to the attention of thé curious. He frit wtore it in Hebréw, for the ufe of the caftern nations, which work is unfortunately loft to the worlds bat comirig afterwards to Rome, with Titus, who greatly refpeéted him, he then wrote that Greek copy which is now extant amongtt us, and from whence many tranflations have defervedly been made into different languages. Iris not poffible, in thisthort addrefs, to give more than a faint idea of the curious information, and infinite _ entertainment, to be met with in this noble and impartial work 5 but it mult certainly add to its value with every good chritian, that there is good reafon to believe that the author, at the time he wrote it, was more than *¢ almof perfuaded tobe a chrifian himfelf.”” Thatfamous paffage, introduced in the 4th Chap. of the 18th Book of his antiquities, concerning our bleffed Savior, and which fome fuperficial judges have pretended is (purious, will certainly appear, if irly, and even critically examined, to be evidently fuch 2 plain and fim- ple narration of an hiflorical fat, as any Jew, in hisfituation, mighthave written to the Heathens; efpecially if we recolleét that Jofephus frequently tolls his readers that he relates faéts as he finds them and, inhis ac- count of the opinions ofthe Pharifees, and the Sadducees or Effenes, he gives them ashe found themin their books. Why then thould he not be fuppofed to give us, with the fame candor, though he does it in fo re~ fpe€eful a manner, a plain relation of whathe faw and heard concerning the Chriftians, and their opinion of their bleffed matter s efpecially as the Chriftians were thenvery numerous, and the general topic of difcourfe both + among Jews and Romans 7 Nor tobe tedious toourreaders, we omit avery excellent eriticifin on the original Greek of this famous paffage, (ent us by a learned friend s but we takethe liberty of aMfuring them, as far as we are able to judge, that it appears tous, from this crit ‘fim, equal to demonftration, that Jofephus aétually inferted, with hisown hand, this fair and honorable teftimony in favor of Chrift and his followers. His defence againft Apion, and his other writings, bear equal teflimony both to his great abilities and integrity 5 each feparate work has its intrinfic merit, and the whole forms a moftufeful, interefting, and amufing volume of real hiftory 5 and it is fincerely hoped that our endeavors to maintain the fenfe and {pirit ofthe original Greck, will beaconfiderable addition to the merit of the prefent tranflation. To complete the work, we have annexed 2 fupplement, colleéted from authentic manuferipts, bringing down the Jewith hiftory to the prefent time, which, being an attemptentirely new, weflatter ourfelves, will flamp an additional value upon our undertaking, and make it in every refpeé& worthy the patronage of ajudi- cious and candid public. GEORGE HENRY MAYNARD.THE PREFACE of JOSEPHUS 70 Ht 6) Hiftory of the Antiquities of the Jews. JVARIOUS are the, motives by whic Hiftorians are induééd io tYanfint to poerity itr records ‘of paft events. Some are incited to difplay their talents by the love of fame ; others have ex- erted their utmutt abilities to conciliate the efteem of thofe whofe ations they relate ; others are im- pelled by a defire of perpetuating the remembrance of thofe events in which they have been perfonally concerned ; while others take up the pen to refcue from oblivion tranfactions worthy of knowledge, to vindicate truth, and prevent the perverfion of facts: Of thefe motives the two laft prompted me to this undertaking ; for, having borne a a@ive part in the Wars between the Jews and Romans, being witnefs of their rife and progreft, and particular] concerned in the events, I was inclined to attempt an authentic narrative of the fame, to counterad the defigns of thofe who had fabricated falfhoods to impofe upon mankind: ‘The Work! have entered upon will, Idoubt not, appear worthy the attention of the Greeks, as it will comprehend an account of the Antiquities, Policy and Government of our nation, faithfully tran lated from the Hebrew writings into their own tongue. ‘When I heretofore undertook the Hiftory of theWars, it wasiniy inténtion to explain the origin of the Jews, the viciffitudes of fortune they underwent, to delineate the charatter of the Legiflator by whom they had been taught the ptadice of piety and virtue, and to relate the feveral military trani= a@ionsin which they had been fometimes neteffarily, and fometimes reluctantly concerned: But finding the Antiquities a fubject too copious and prolix to be treated in conneétion with any other, I determined to detach it from the Hiftoryof the Wars, and direét my attention to the Anti: guities previous to the Wars ard other fucceeding events. Yet (as is frequently the cafe with thofe Who engage in arduous purfuits) 1 found a difinclination to perfevere, as the work proved laborious, and my progrefs feemed retarded in proportion toits prolixity. Somie, however, froma laudible de= fire of acquiting knowledge, encouraged me to proceed, and efpecially Eearsnopir6s, a man who had a propenfity to literature in’ general, and hiftory in particular ; and had himfelf held very confidera ble employments, experienced many viciffitudes of fortune and manifefted throughout the whole an. integrity and magnanimity rarely to be equalled. . ‘Thus prevailed on by the perfuafion of fo zealous apatron of whatever might conduce to the public good on the-one hand, and difdaining to prefer an ignominious floth to the profecution of a landible Undertaking on the other. T refumed my talk with arenewed defise of completing it, the fame time reflecting, that our anceftors were ever difpofed to make ufeful communications, and that the Greeks were particularly dolirous of obtaining an authentic hiftory of our nation. ‘When J alfo reflected that king Ptolomy Il. (afovereign who greatly favoured learning; and was defirous of obtaining literary information even at immenfe charge) procured a Greek tranflation of our code of laws, conftitution and government: and that Eleazar our liigh-prieft, inferior to none of his predecellors in knowledge or virtue, could not deny to that prince the participation of the inftru@ion and entertainment to be derived from fuch a work, as he knew it was the cuftom of our anceftors not toconceal that which might be ufeful to mankind in general ; Theld it my incumbent duty to imitate the liberality of our high-prieft, and the more fo as Tam perfuaded there are now many, erfons as mucii attached to literature, and as anxioufly defirous of obtaining knowledge as was that prince in his day. King Prolomy, indeed, did not obtain all our writings ; thofé only which related to the Law were prefented to him by the interpreters at, Alexandria : whereas the fubjeéts comprifed in the Sacre ‘Writings are innumerable, fince they contain the hiftory of near four thoufand years; ‘Mhiftory re+ plete with farprifing events refpeéting the various fortunes of war, the glorious atchievemedijs:of he- Toes, and the extraordinary revolutions of fates. Aavi JOSEPHUS's PREFACE 10 his Mistory of the Antiquities of the JEWS. Infine, thof who perufe this Hittory will difeover that aétions pioufly“defigned will terminate prof- neroully, and that future blifs will be the ultimate reward of prefent obedience to the Divine will ; to on the contrary, fuch who deviate from thofe commands will be frultrated in their defigns and expetéations, which, though they may prefent-to the view the moft pleafing profpedts, will end in irreparable calamity. may be difpofed to read this Work are exhorted to raife their minds to the y, that they may be enabled to conform themfelves to his divine will, and Legiflator has {poken of hisnature, defcribed his works in general, and the origin of things in particular; with a dignity becoming fo exalted a theme, and whether he has, in his narrative, avpiged thofe figtions evident in all other writings. The antiquity of his Hittory mighthave fecured him front detection, ‘for he lived two thoufand years ago, (réat is, 2000 years before ihe tinte of Jofephes) a period fo diftant that the poets dare not refer to it the genealogy of their gods, or trace from it the actions of any of the heroes they have laboured to perpetuate. In the profecu- tion of my delign I fhall relate circumftancés minutely as to the order and time in which they occur red: in a word, it fhall be my undeviating plan to be genuine without prolixity, faithful without precifion, and concife without retrenchment. AAs the principal fabject of our Work depend on the information se devive from Mofee our great Lawgiver, it appearsneceflary to premife fome things concerning him, left any fhoula be farphifed, thatt work which promifes an account of the yeligion, laws, conititution and-hiftorical events of the Jewith Nation fhould contain fo much philofophy and natural hiftory. Itis, therefore, to beunderftood, that Mofes laysit down, as effentially neceflary for that man who would live virtuoully himfelf, to preferibe rules for regulating the conduct of others, to be well ac- gainted with the attributes of the Divine Reing, and having truly contemplated all his works, both asto their operations and effects, ang thereby traced his power and goodnefs, to endeavor, as far as in him lies, to imitate his perfections as the grand example in all things. | Without this knowledge of ‘the Divine Atcributes, and theDivine Power and Gaodnefs, as difplayed in the Works of Creation and Providence, as well as endeavorto imitate the Divine Perfection, neither can-the Legiflator be quali- fied'in himfelf, nor can his writings conduce to the pramotion of knowledge or virtue. He wifely confidered thit God, the common Parent and Lord of the univerfe, fees all things, and diftributes rewards and punifhments according as men obey or deviate from his facred commands. Mofes, there~ fore, in the eftablifhment of this grand and important dostrine, did not follow the example of other legiflators, whofe codes were mere contraéts between man and man ; but raifed the minds of the people he was to inftruét to the knowledge of God the Univerfal Creator. He taught them that Man was the nobleft of all his works, and that his true dignity and excellence confifted in imitating his perfections. Having thus wifely rendered them fubfervient to God, he foon inculeated in their minds thofe foci- al obligations which refpected one another. They became obedient not from a principle of fear but pictys ‘not from conftraint but conviction. Other legiflators, under the influence of traditionary fables, afcrihe as attributes to their fictious deitigs the moft enormous vices of which human creatures can be capable and by that means, inftead of fappreffigg, countenanced the moft fagitious crimes. But our excellent Lawgiver-having premifed that the Divine Being is the center and perfection of virtue, infers as anccefary confequence, that its the incumbent duty a8 wells the higheft excellence of man as a rationalcreature, to afpire toan tion of his bright original; while he denounces on fach as reject thefe important dogtrines the fevereft judgments. s teil it is my earneft defire that my Works may be proved, confeious that nothing will be hereiu derogatory tothe dignity of the Supreme Being, or contrary to his gracious defigns towards nen; but that, on the other hand, they will appear a difplay of bis perfections anda com- hicit on his benevolence, as well as demonttrate that al things are dMfpofed in exadt conformity to the uns of univerfal nature, and principles of the fublimeft reétitude. “hefe grand points Mofes has amply difeulfed : where itis requifite his language is plain and ex- plicit; in other ports hia narrative abounds with allegorical Ggures, to invefligate which requires the aid of phitophical difquifition. But difimiffing this fubject for the prefent, I fhall apply myfelf to the Work I have undertaken, aud begin with the Creation of the World. FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS.predate Aoerica ivan "Seo of Marna ne Josue , ASIXDAYS WORK of the ml GENESIS I SE ATIO CHAP. T. Takin, ern of Tren frn fa Weication ef ahi Moors Seas i é is & Ine Cnration of Livi TERE The Orentine of mM Tm hol te Witlirren Birrell Xn) acm Steep — EAD Strion ¢ MF penctrable darknefs, Gos Bevo Hl Almighty far; light immediately fhone hind day ich dey ON oF JE AMERICAN Editon of FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS THE ANTIQUITIES THE WwW Sz. nc OIE ETRE ota BOOK 1. FROM THE CREATION OF THE WORLD TO THE DEATH OF ISAAC. [conrarsix A PeRtoD OF MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND YEARS.] CHAP L The Creation of the World in fix days, with she diftingt operations of each day. Man's fuperiority in the Pak ofercation. Theformationof woman, ard ber = troduttion as @ companion to Adare. Subtlety of the Serpent. Fall of our fir parents. Denunciation of God" sjudgments. Tieir expulfon from Paradife. 'N the origin of the univerfé God, the omni- potent Jehovah, created the heaven and the earth ; but the latter being enveloped in im- 'd pronounced the forth, and, to diftinguifh the light from the dark- nefs, he called the one day, and the other night. ‘The firft appearance of light he named. morning, and the time of it’s departure evening. ‘This was run pay, the frit day, or this wasthe efpeciabwork of the it Psy. Erft day, which, by Mofes, is emphatitally termed. onc day. 5 7 On the fecond day God formed the firmament, ‘Sccestity fixed it above all things, feparated it from the grolfer particlesof earth: and endowed it with @ quality moift and humid; that the earth might be rendered fruitful by fhowers. On the third day he divided the land and waters ‘omeach other, and brought forth the vegetable fyftem in all it'sbeauty and variety. On the fourth dayhe enlightened the heaven Founh 2y with the firn, the moon, and the {tars, appointing: their viciffitudes and regular courfes, that the re~ volving feafons might be thereby diftinguithed. On thefifth day he created, and appropriated to, their vefpestive elements, the inhabitants of the: air and.the waters, and endowed them with the Faculty of propagation, On ithe fixth day he created all quadrupeds, or siuh dy Four-footed animals, under the diftinétion of male and female ; and on the fame day he formed the nobleft of all his works, Men. ‘Thus we are to underftand, according to the Mofaic account,thatin thefc fixdaysthe worldand all things therein were created, and that on the fe- venth day God refted, and ceafed from his work. On that day, therefore, we defift fromlabour, and termit /abbard, which, in the Hebrew language, fignifies ref. “Mofes, having thas given a general defeription of the creation, proceeds to a philofophical (4) iifquifition of the formation of manin particular, in termsto this amount : God framed man of the flime or duft of the earth, and infufed into him fpi- rit, or He or foul. ‘This being, man war ea ed orga of Adam, (6) implying, in the Hebrew language, red, Makin. becanfe he was formed of the pureft and richeft kind of earth, which is of thatcolour. Asthe firft inftance of man’s faperiority in the rank of creation, theimiverfal parent prefented ta ,., Adam all kinds of living creatureshe had formed, names the both male and female ; to which he gave ding I appellations, according to their refpective fpecies anu natures, 5 pee’? But as the fituation of Adam, contrary to thatof the animal creation in general, was defolate and forlorn withoutan helpmate, whofe fociety might contribute to his felicity, the beneficent Creator : was pleafed foonto throw him into a found fleep, take out onc ofhisribs, and form thereofa woman, who being prefented tohim, el eee ace knowledged as a partner bountifully granted for his folace and comfort, and admitted as part of Sng himfelf. In the Hebrew language the general yhvealed word by which woman is difinguithed is fas?" + butthis woman being the firft, was termed Zva, ive. The Mother ofall. A Mofes then recites an account of | ee paste ofa gardeninthe eaft(afterwardscalledParadife) abounding withall kinds of vegetables, and repre- fenting, in particular, @ tree of life, and @ tree of yaxasite Aaowleége, by means of which good and evil were Hate, tobediltinguihed. Inthis Paradife the Almighty a ‘Women (a) When Jolehes (peaks of Motes wrtog pbilfophicly iis rie hemeln heinafetan that Nees cut deter Eisny the formation of an, and to inform vs tar his corporal feomey tke that of oser antaals, aa feitoned fly feo the forth but thse ba fuly oF thinking prieipley a6 mt Fating Gear woes, but 3 divine Ip proceeding frou Got himfetf, and therefore mgn is (aid be made in the image of: God. * “(b) Adso, or Elom, Ggoifes Red: and hence fome have foppoted tha’ Moles gives the hiftory of the origin of the red. or fle part of the buman race, and that they beerme afterwards rons. Mach, as they emigrated into hotter clisates. ilunes ie undlingeits whole four ehaumels. “The died fecont ) both run into the ts courfe U fing from the eait 5 Ye s Nuits. “he bouutitial Paent of _univerfal nature gave fall permiflion to Adam and Eve toeat of the fruit of all theplants inthis celeltial fpot,the rec of knowledge ‘excepted ; from which they were commandéd to x-abltain on the feverelt penalty inevitable death. Hi- therto there wasone common language (4) amon; animials in general, and they were focialintheir dil pofitions ; but che ferpent being in habits of fami- arity with Adarand Eye, and envying the felicity they enjoyed, whileobedient to the divinecommand. plotied to allure them from their innecence,and fe- diice them to difobedience of their Creator's com~ amand. To effect thisinfernal defign,he firflaccolted the woman and urged his perfualion to tafte the for- bidden fruit, by affaring her that the fhould not only be exempé from the penalty denounced, but (to tamper with her pride) telling her, that asin it lay the faculty of difcerning between good and evil, by fo doing, both herfelf and her hulband would become more exalted Beings, and even rival the Creator himfelf in knowledge and happinefs. ‘The Mother of all, enfnared by his wiles, faeri- nator, ficed her duty, neglected the facred injunction, sues! taited, and being delighted with the fruit, enticed sat. her hufband to participate inher crime. No long- "er thielded by innocence from fhame, they faw each others nakednef, were confounded at the fight and covered themfelves with aprons made of fig-leaves, ani fancied themfelves happier in di covering that by their guilt, which innocence had veiled from their knowledge. ‘When the Almighty appeared in the garden, Adam who before was accitftomed to familiar intercourfe with his Creator, hrunk from his prefence appalled by confeious guilt : when demanded to. allen the caufe of his thus attempting to feclude himfelf from a prefence which had hitherto conftituted his fa- preme felicity, he tool confounded, mute and mo- tioalefS. But the Almighty expreffed his mind and will to the following eifect. ** Ihad provided the « means whereby you might have infared yourhap- « pinefs, lived free from labour, folicitude or pai all bountifil nature, under the influence of my «Providence fhould have fupplied your every want; «you would have been exempt from difeafe and jeath, its rueful effect, even blifs eternal would ave eon your lot; but you have difobeyed my ed command, and your filence is an argu- ot of your reverence, but confeious « guilt.” ‘The fallen Creature attempted to pali- ate his crime, and plead in excufe the perfuafion of the woman, by which hehad been induced thus flagrantly to offend: Eve alfo fought to excul- pate herfelf, alledging that fhe had been beguiled by the fubtlety of the ferpent. ‘The Almightyincluded them all under the awfal # fentence of his jult indignation. He declared to A- dam, that as he had {afiered himfelf'to be prevailed on totran/zrefby thecouafel ofthe woman, he was ‘confignrd to labour to procure thofe neceflaries of beg life, which, in a ftate of innocence, Nature would have (pontaneaouily heftowed ; nay, that hishardeft oil and mof fanguine expectation fhould be fre- ently frnltrated: Eve was fubjected to the pain and peril of chil ‘or being allured by the LN VEQULTIES o Hoon 1. ne FW S temptation of the ferpest, and then feducing involving her hulband in extreme calnnity. ferpent was deprived of the power of fre f yy fentenced to hear poifon about of that enmity which should hie huuneatt race, for whiel ighty predicted they fhould head; fe therein lay his power againft them, and thercon blows proved mortal. He was alfo depriv-serende ed of his fect, and doomed to trail his body on the pref ground in the mot abjeét mater, for having been. the inftrumental caufe of that ground being aecur- fed. Maving thus denounced thefe feveral judg- ments on the delinquents, as refpective objects of his diftributive juftice, the Almighty, asa confirma- tion of his awful difpleafare, expelled the. guilty adeno air from the terreftrial paradifey a5 they were mo Stra longer deemed inhabitants worthy the realms of twie. pure and uncorrupted blifs. CHAP. Sacrifice of Cain and Abel. Murder of Abel. Banifoment of Cain. Cuinthe inventor of weights and meafures, end the firf inclofer of ground. Building of Enos the Sif city. Invention of mufic by Jubal. “Of brafsand iron work, by Tubal Cain, Seth and jons the fir ‘afironcmcrs. — Pillars of Serb. HE firft children of our firft Parents were Cain and Abel. ‘The name of thefirft implies poffef= fion, that of the latter, affliction or forrow. ‘They had alfo three daughters. The difpofitions of the brothers were as different as their occupations and employments. Abel the younger, confcious of the Divine Ommiprefence and Omnifcience, was actu ted by principles of inflexible jultice, and ftcadily purfiied the paths of virtue, in all ‘the innocent fimplicity of a thepherd’s folitary life. Cain, on thecontrary, was wickedinthe extreme, and wholly addiéted to the acquifition of profit. He invented the ufe of the plough ; but the advantages hereaped from the cultivation of the carth increa ed his avarice, and excited his jealoufy and refent- ment to fuch a degree as to be productive of the firft murder, even the mmrder of his brother. Having mutually agreed to offer facrifice to the Almighty, Cain, according to thenature of hisave- Scie? cation, offered the produce of agriculture, snd abel, ‘Abe? soblation confited ofthe milk othis herdsand the firftlingsof hisflock. ‘The Deity preferred the latter (¢) fucrifice'as the finple fpontaneous pro- duction of nature, while the former appeared as the effet of laborious avarice, and the refalt of inte~ — relted principle. ‘This excited the indignation of £ Gain, who to glut his revenge, flew his brother, teeta. and having concealed his body, thought the mur= der would effape detection. - But no {cheme could evade the pefception of Oninifcience: the Almigh- fy demanded of Cain the eaufe of his brother'sab- {ence for féveral days, as heretofore they had been conftant affociates. Senfible of the enormity of hisSgvers« grime, and being at alos for a reply after fome Sos hefitation, he faid he had not feen hi ims but when © oe God urged himtoanexplicit anfwer, he prefump-"”” tuoully replied, that he was neither his brother's Keeper, nor bound to intereft himfelf in his con- cerns. "The murder was then brought home to the ériminal, and his plea of ignorance totally ob- viated, by apofitive charge of his having been the perpetrator of his brother's death. ‘ ‘This cireumftance, henious as it was in itfelf, afforded an opportunity for the difplay of what is juftly termed the darling attribute of the Dei mercy ; for upon the offender’ soffering facrifice,a imploring a mitigation of his punifhinent, he was permitted'to enjoy that life of which he hadde~ prived his brother, But tofixa ftigma onthe moft (2) 5 te ismie mama the Arsbian Galph, whick alone sweleillly tise mame, bet all st South Sea which ineluded the Red: Sea, and the Portia Gulp 2s tras the Eanes (3) tt spare ther Jotepbes thoaghe pvsnalely the Ferpeniy ul Tpeak liefore ee fall bur dis at Deis Bar coajeclure, Some, deed, thiol thot their prefene is noc ter cvs re, ana hee capaci have been mich greater than hate tne eRe nar mrad i)" Johari hy Gad aceyed the ice of Abe sare jdeh don ain an al wy Cue ew Abe, ese eter Uior‘fuepne Beet Cin was ofthe viene nod few Ms bat tnt widreore ew he hin Henin oun works wee els Hi Grane’ igheas!” tpi Jn, Chap. were 22 §aa CPecbout SculpATee. wet Dia oe ~pie S Larpre Coren? MAP OF THE CouNTRIES furrounding the p GARDEN or EDEN, } PARADISE. { ed SF LORE AWMENTA™ JEL GA, AP RET Ronit SIS LOT, I wo +k IspaHanhook Te AN FIQUIVICS of tHe JEWS, 9 enormous of crimes he and his pofterity(4), tothe 1 fwept away by the violence of tlie waters, tht of Cxin’ be feventh generation, were paroneedl oe als |} thon ft te uid thereby preferve the ine mete sed both him and his wife were expelled from their |} feription polterity. ‘the ferris te native region; bugexprefling an apprehenfion that |} mer was Swept away by the deluggy butt the flune fia hiseriminalfty woald expote iim to the ravagesof || pilluris tobe feen inthe land of Syria to this day. the brate creation, God was pleafed to fet a vilible mark upoa hint, as a token of proteétion, and then CHAP. mL difmiffed him to wander on the face of the earth Cain, and his wife, having traverfed a vatt {pace {| General depravity of mankind, .Confequences thereof: of land, fixed their abode at Nais, (by fome called |] Departure of Noah into anstherland. Confiruttion of cain wage Naid and by others Nod) »wherehisfamily coniider- || she ark for the prefervation of Noal-and his family, fumed ably increated. Far from being reformed by the bie Chaltifement of his Creator, his depravity became Sam” more apparent in the gratification of thenioft ford dobires, in ads of cruelty and rapine, and in fetting an example which had the mot baneful influence ‘on the conduct of others. : ¥e deftroved the honett fimplicity which had pi. , vailedin thofe daysin mutual concernsbetweenman and man, by the invention of weights and meafares, by 8. \Whichopened an ample field for the practice of Frand to theexclufion of all fincerity and plain dealing. As hisambition wasequal to hisavarice, hefirftenclofed lands, built the fiett city 5 and having furrounded it with walls, and fortified it with a rampart, obliged hisfamily and dependantsto dwell withinitsbounds. “This city he called Enos, (or Enoch) from thename ofhis eldeft fon. Trad was the fon of Enoch, from whom defended Mahujael, whofe fon was Methu- facl, the father of Lamech, whe had feventy-feven children by two wives, Zcllah and Adah. Jabel, the fon of Adah, firkt ereéted tents, and followed the paltoral life.” Jubal, his brother, applied himfelf to jut nz the ftudy of found, and, upon organical or mufical nite!“ principles, invented the pfaltery and harp. ‘Tubal, fon of Lamech, by his other wife, Zellah, was celebrated for his ftrength and {kill in martial ‘exercifes. He firlt invented the art of forging ; and by thefe qualifications united, acquired greatriches. Lamech had alfo a daughter, called Naamah, cxiatbefs. Lamechbeing aman of underftanding, and fenfi- Neier ble of the curfeentailed on the polterity of Cain, for niliges. the henious crime of fratricide, comnitnicated the particulars of that fatal event to both his wives. During the life of Adam, the immediate defcen- dants of Cain were notorioufly profligate, and, through force of example, inclined to cruelty and rapiné. If any of them refrained from the enor- mous fin of murder, they invaded the property of other men without the leaftremorfe, and were con- tinually offering outrages to all around them. But Adam, our firft parent, (as we muft recur to ag, bim)jafter thedeathof Abel, and the light of Cain, Aisn's | wasextremely folicitousfor peopling the world,and thereforevery defironsofehildren. He was thenone gest, hundred and thirty years ofage,to which having ad- ded eight hundred years, he paid the debt of human, nature, as the penalty incurred by his firfktranfizref- fion, having, in that interval,hada.confiderable pro- sen-v.3, Bony (4), amongft whom was a fon called Seth. » © ‘Thislaftmentioned of theimmediate defcendants lam, was a character worthy of notice aud imi ‘tation. Being trained by his father to the practice of virtue from his earlieft years, he followed the ex- ample of his parent in the education of his own ssiefen-children, who fo far profited thereby, as to pafs (seine throughlife with tranquility (c), and render their #utsoue-tMemorics revered by their furvivors. By contem- ¥y. queplating the power ofthe Divine Being,as manifelted ee"""in its various operations, they acquired the {eience of aftronomy, or knowledge of the heavenly bodies. Left pofterity thould lole the benefit of their in- vention (as Adam had prediéted that the world Should bedettroyed at two diftinét periods, the firit by water, the lait by fire) they erected two {tupen- dous pillars, the one of brick, and the other of ftone, and engraveduponeachaparticularaccountof their difcoveries, in order that, if that of brick fliould be Enoch Fore The deluge. Noah facrifices to she Almighty for his deliverance. His ablaticn is accepted, and dis requef? granted. The rainbow fixed in the fky as a token that the earth will uot again be deftroyed by water. Noan's age, Be. Fe. DURING feven generations the defeendants of Seth continued to imitate the virtuousexample of theirpious progenitors, influenced by adfevene- ration forthe majefty of their Supreme Creator, ahd a facred regard for his divine inftitutionsy but, in procefs of time, they became degenerate and negli gent of their duty to God,as well as ofall focial and moral obligations. ‘The profligacy of thefe people. now became as notorious as their piety had begn eminent, infomuch, that they juftly incenfed thedit- pleafure of an incenfe Deity. Many of the angels, 7,0. (by Mofes called the fons of God), fo denominated i sei for their fingular piety and virtue, intermarrying', promifeuonfly,brought forthanhardy race confident of their ftrength, bold in their crimes, and refem- bling, in ads of outrage, the giants mentioned by the fabulifts of Greece: Noah who retained His inte. ity, and wasfhocked to behold the gener] depra Fey-cxpoflulated with themon the enormity of thelr Be crimes, and earneltly reprefented the necelfity of a fre reformation : but finding allhis admonitions ineffec-"""" tualyand that they were devoted to the moft impious rfuits, he deemed it expedient to retire, with his ramily, froma placein which he had reafon to ima- gine hefhouldbe continually expofed to the cruelty and rapine of its abandoned inhabitants. ‘The unexampled piety of Noah fecured him the favour of an approving God, who now determined to wreak his vengeance on the whole human race, and exterminate from the face of the earth all 2. 4, creatures in general, in order, to produce a virth~sen gg ous generation, the period of whofe lives fhould 2, be limited to the fpace of 120 years. i Previous to the execution of this, which wasto take place ina general inundation,God faggefted to Noalthe meaas of faery ; fo thatyin conformity toxod an the Divine intimation, he caufed an ark to be built, confifting of four tories, three hundred cubits in length, fifty in breadth, and thirty in heighth. Into this ark, or providential a ah en- tered, together with his family wing pro- videdall thingsneceffary for their fultenthee, took © with him even couples of fome kinds of animals,” and at leaft a male and female of all, in order to preferve a remnant of each fpecics for the ufe of future generations. ‘This ark was conftrudted on. fach a plan, asto be at once impenetrable and im- pregnable, ‘and therefore fecure from the attack of the mott violent farge, or boiftcrous ftorm. ‘Thus was Noah, (who may be termed the fecond * father of mankind) wonderfully preferved, with his houthold, by the interpofition of Providence, from the ravages of adeluge, in which were ins, volved a guilty race, as a memento of Divine in- dignation. Noah, by lineal defeent, was the tenth from Adam ; the regular facceflion being Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahalalecl, Jarod, Enoch, Methufelah, Lamech, and Noah. The deluge (¢) happened inthe fix hundredth year: of Noah, and in the fecond month, which, by the Macedonians, is called Dius, and, by the Hebrews," 4"3" tides nity Mae Geese fone ot Go enti, Nowe ge. salen (2) OF shia pnitiment of xin in, the fevenh generation, and“he tank oon Mim and is patty, the hes acesa? Hitgote OF Si bey hewn "n't Mbeuen ae of the (8) The name of Adam's children, a8 ysdhe old wadon, wis suka nd emt three dogs (c) Whi here id of Seth ana is aol iamsy and atthe frne tive very bay, thot 257 coer ite mintane, nex ageerte se thefce af the wold aedsbe ‘onda of Provides fal ef age : (@) Jteins here ly deterones tba the yes the time of he dood, began about the auiumual eqniaux, 7 iterity, that they were goodie ptian chronology), Marfo- | ne, or Marfaane. Mofes confidered Nifin, ory ts ae Jed by the Eh” month, ant enfoi gious matters, becaufe in that month he delivered the ffraclites from Egyptian bondage ; bit withre- Spect to civil concernsin general,he obferved thean- cient calculation, beginning the year with Decem- pers According to the Mofaic account, the deluge began the feventeenth day of the fecond month,in hs year 1656 fromthe creation of Adamsand thet ‘cted chronology is held mioft minuté and authentic. From thence it is deducible that, at the birth of Seth, Adam was 130 years old, and that lie lived 9§> years. Seth, about the age of 105; had Enos, who, after living 925 years, left the management of hisaffairstohisfonCainan. He lived 9toyears,leav- inga fon, called Matialaleel, t9 whom was born Ja~ red. Jared was thefather of Enoch, and lived 942 years: Enoch, when he had lived. 365 years,was tranf= lated, or taken up into heaven, by anexertionof Di- S2-"" vine power: his death, therefore, hath not beri re- its,.,eorded by any hiftorian. Endch had a fon naitied andoned Methufelah, who left to his fon Lamech the authori- GRY ty he had held during his life. Lamech, having go- verned 777 years, was fucceeded by his fon Noah. cen.vii4 In thefe facceifions, the births, rather than the ® deaths, of thefe nien, are tobeadhered to; for they lived to fee many facceeding generations: ‘The Alntighty, at the appointed time, caufed tor- Fents of water to fall upon the earth, in fuch fapid and ceafelefs facceffion, for the fpace of forty days, that the moft clevated parts were overwhelmed to the depth of fifteen cubits ;fo that the guilty inhabi- tants ‘were deprived of the power of flight, and of courfe involved in the general calamity. The rain ints is ceafing gradually thewatersdecreafedinproportion and at the expiration of an hundred and fifty days, onthe 7th day of the feyenth nionth, the ark being lodged upon the fammit ofa mountain in Armenia, Noahopeneda window,and perceiving certain fpots of dry land, confoled himfelf with, a hope of a {peedy deliverance. On the gradual decreafe of the ‘waters, Noah fent fortha raven, to difeover if the inundation had fo far fubfided, that they might de- feend from the ark with fecurity ; but tle winged meffenger finding no plact wliereon to perch, foon * Feturned toits afylum, the ark. ‘After an interval of feven days, he let fly a dove, % onthe fame embafly asthe raven, but with different faccefs in the event, for fhe returned with an olive branch, by which token Noah was happily affared that the inundation wasno more. Deeming it ex~ pedient to wait itillfeven days, he difmifed all the living creatures, and followed with his wife and fa- eth aaiemily ; and having firlt offered oblations to their all- Rtaitgracious deliverer, enjoyed thofe focial bleffings ‘Gol.’ Which they owed to his wonderful interpofition.. * ‘The Armenians call the fpot on which the ark refted at the defcent of Noah, Apebaserion (2) figni- fying an exit or coming out ; and the inhabitants thew fome remains of that fupendous fabrick, which they have preferved to this day. VariousPaganhiftorianshavelefttheirteftimonics of thisgeneraldeluge,and the ark in which the elect few were fecured from inundation. Berofus, the Chaldean, writes, “ That fome fragments of this feo! at Rosh fends ff the sek » aor” vellelare till to be feeninthe mountains of the Cor- She, dyseans,inArmenia; and that many of them carry « offpieces of the pitch, which clofed its feams, as « charms againftinchantment.” Hieronymus, the Egyptian, in his Antiquities of the Phoenicians, {peaks to the fame purport, as do many others. But Nicholaus, of Damafeus informs us more e: plicitly, ‘That above the provinee of Minyas, Armetiia, there is a certain ftupendous mountain « named Baris, to which, itis reported, that many « flying at the time of the deluge, by that means « efcaped ; and that a man was borne on an ark to « the fummit of that mountainsand fomefragments «© of the materials, of which the ark was compofed, “remain there to this day.” He adds, “ This, 1 oF place of defeent, isthe proper rene ANTIQUITIES oF tee JEWS. dering of the Armenian name ofthis very plage. Ieis a lating mo fumed of the prfervation of Nosh in dhelark upon the top of that Book I SE probaly ig the an « Tegiflator of the J Noah, apprehe the Abnighty had de- crced the utter extirpation of thghumap race, and therefore dread return of the flood, having, offered fu ,mollGen humbly befoughthim that hereafter he would mainylcase! tain the former order of things, nor again wreck ‘e sHoxn his vengeance on mankind inthe fame manner, by ; devoting all thingsexifting to one common deftrue~ tion; but that, fiaving configned the difobedient to «ue prnifhment, he would extend his henevo- ence to thofe who had hitherto been the objects of his favourable regard ; otherwife their ftate would be more defperate than that of thofe who had p rithed by one deluge, in being reforved as vie~ tims to ariother, after having flnddered at being witnelfes to fo tremendous an event. He then implored the Almighty to accept the ob- lation offered, and avert his judgmeitts from the earth, that he and his potterity, applying them- felves to the cultivation of the ground, and building of tities, might be gracioully permitted to enjoy the fruits of their labours toa good old age, as their progenitors had done before the deluge. Noah having thus prefented bis fupplications to gaa the bountiful Fathér of the Univerfe, .he was plea- So fed, from an approbation of his integrity, to grant, "7" his requell, intimating, at the fame time, that thofe who perifhed died for their own difobedience, and Rot througis his will, as the author of their dettruc- tion. He then confoled him with thefe foothing ex- preflions. ‘1 gavenot life with adefign todellroy £ it but their crimes were fo atrocious, that I was « compelled to exterminate them. [ amnot,how- « ever, inexorable: your interceffion fhall prevail