Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A.
MECHANICS
1.
1.1
1.2
- dimensions of a quantity
-falsify a physics formula
- predict a physics formula
1.3
1.4
Errors
2.
2.1
Rectilinear motion
2.2
Same as 2.1
2.3
Projectiles
x= ux t ; y = uy t gt2
2.4
2.5
Conservation of momentum
2.6
3.
3.1
Work
3.2
Potential energy
3.3
Kinetic energy
3.4
Conservation of energy
3.5
Power
3.6
Efficiency
4.
dp
d
d
; F = ma ; F m v v m
dt
dt
dt
Average Power
energy
; Instantaneous P = Fv
time
4.1
4.2
Centripetal acceleration
4.3
Centripetal force
5.
5.1
v2
or r 2 ; state and use
r
F m
v2
or mr 2 ; state and use
r
1
o t t 2 and - t graph
2
rF and I
s r ;
v r ; a r
5.2
Centre of mass
5.3
Moment of inertia
2
I =mr2 for particle and I r dm for rigid body
5.4
Angular momentum
5.5
5.6
6.
6.1
Equilibrium of particles
6.2
Closed polygon
Equivalent to
6.3
0 and
1
I 2
2
Frictional forces
7.
Fmax R
7.1
7.2
7.3
Gravitational potential
GMm
r2
Fdr or F
GM
;
r2
dV
GM
;V
dr
r
7.4
7.5
7.6
Escape velocity
8.
8.1
d 2x
2 x
2
dt
8.2
x a sin t or x a cos t
8.3
9.81 =
T
GM
R2
2
2r
4 2 3
or T
; T2
r
v
GM
1
GMm
mv 2
;
2
R
2 gR
and definition
k
m
1
1
mx 2 and P.E. U = kx 2
2
2
Energy of oscillation =
1
mA 2 2
2
8.4
9.
9.1
Free oscillations
S.H.M.
9.2
Damped oscillations
9.3
Forced oscillations
9.4
B.
WAVES
10.
y a sin(t kx ) ;
v
10.3 Wave intensity
2f ;
= f
k
Intensity =
2
;
power
;
normal area
Spherical wave, I
1
r2
definition
Differences
11.1 Propagation
sound waves
of
)
2
Intensity I =
power
;
normal area
I
Io
11.4 Beat
fs
fo
fs
fo
c us c uo
C.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
12.
13.
F
e
;
normal area A
E or Y
EA
; k
Strain energy =
D.
THERMODYNAMICS
14.
1 2
ke
2
1
1
pV mN c 2 ; pV M c 2 ;
3
3
5
1
p c2
3
14.3 Pressure of a gas
1
3
1
3
m c 2 kT ; M c 2 RT
2
2
2
2
Calculation
explain
15.
1
kT
2
3
RT ;
2
3
3
RT ;
RT
2
2
3
5
7
RT ;
RT ;
RT
2
2
2
3
RT ; 3RT ; 4 RT
2
Q mc
15.2 Work
pdV
Vf
Vi
cp
cV
16.
p i Vi p f V f
dQ
d
kA
dt
dx
E.
17.
1 Q1Q2
1
;
= 9 10 9 N m2 C-2
2
4 o
4 o r
1 Q
4 o r 2
1 Q
;
4 o r
18.
dV
dr
18.1 Capacitance
18.2 Parallel plate capacitor
18.3 Uniform field between parallel plates
18.4 Capacitors in series and in parallel
Definition C
o A
d
Net capacitance
Q
V
Energy stored U
1
1 Q2
CV 2
2
2 C
q-t, V-t and I-t formulae and graph for charging and
discharging of a capacitor.
Time constant RC
18.7 Dielectrics
C
19.
r o A
d
dq
; I nAve
dt
I
A
J E ; J
19.5 Resistivity
1
E
Power = I V
20.
R1
V
R1 R2
20.5 Potentiometer
Use as voltmeter; V=
21.
Trajectory
o I
2r
o NI
2r
In a solenoid: o nI
o I1 I 2
;
2d
F o I 2
Definition of 1 A :
2d
Current balance:
o I 2
mg
2d
mv 2
qvB
r
eE H evB ;
VH
I
(
)( B )
w
nAe
VH
I
(
)( B )
w
nwte
VH
22.
IB
nte
B A=
Induced emf :
-linear conductor in uniform field, Bv
- Faraday disc,
1
BR 2
2
N NBA
Energy stored =
10
1
LI 2
2
N NBA
I
I
I
Ns (
o N p I
2r
I
)A
1
o N s N p r
2
for
two
coaxial
circular coils
22.6 Transformer
V0
N
s ; I iVi I oVo ; flux BA through both coils
Vi
Np
is the same ; understanding of eddy current.
V Vb Ir
23.
P I oVo sin 2 t ; P
I oVo
or I rmsVrms
2
sketch V-t, I-t and P-t graphs on the same axes for
resistor
23.3 Rms value
I rms
Io
V L
Vrms
Vo
2
dI
dt
V Vo sin t ;
Vo
cos t = I o cos t =
L
I o sin(t )
11
XL
Vo
L
Io
I oVo
sin 2t ;
2
P 0
q CV I
dq
dV
C
dt
dt
V Vo sin t ;
XC
)
2
Vo
Vo
1
I o CVo C
I oVo
sin 2t ; P 0
2
Inverting amplifier, A
Rf
Ri
Non-inverting amplifier, A 1
Rf
Ri
Adder or summing
differentiator
24.5 Oscillators
amplifier;
integrator,
F.
OPTICS
25.
o o
Give estimate wavelength or frequency for rays ; Xrays; visible light and radio wave
1 1 1
R
; f
with the correct
u v
f
2
sign convention
26.2 Refraction at curved surfaces
26.3 Thin lenses
Use
n1 n 2 n 2 n1
with the correct sign convention
u
v
R
1 1 1
and lens makers equation
u v
f
1 n2 n1 1 1
27.
27.2 Interference
o.p.d.= a sin .
For maxima, a sin = m ;
o.p.d. =2t+
=(m+ ) , t
1
a
t ;t
Or 2
2x
x
a
27.5 Thin film
13
ay
D
m
;
2
o.p.d.=
D
sin
2
sin =
; sin
2
2
D
o.p.d = d sin
After polarizer, I 1
1
Io
2
I 2 I 1 cos 2
I2
G.
QUANTUM PHYSICS
28.
Io
cos 2
2
Energy of photon E hf or =
hc
hc
1
2
w mv max
2
w eVs
29.
For wave, E hf
For particle, E
hc
h
; p
h
1
p2
; =
mv 2
p
2
2m
14
h
2mE
h
2meV
H.
ATOMIC PHYSICS
30.
En
30.3 Line spectra
31.
13.6 Z 2
eV
n2
hc
2 d sin m
32.
Braggs law
32.2 Characteristics
32.3 Uses
I.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
33.
4
2
He
9 Be
4
Be
12
6
C 01n
33.4 Isotopes
33.5 Mass spectrometry
15
mv 2
qvB
r
E
B
34.
A N ;
34.2 Decay constant and half-life
t1
2
35.
N N o e t
A Ao e t
0.693
n 235
92 U two fragments about equal mass
+ one to three neutrons
1
0
36.
3
2
3
2
He
He combine to form 24 He
36.2 Quarks
36.3 Neutrinos
16
Note
A list of fundamental physical constants as shown below will be provided for Papers 1 and 2. These
data are included in the Data Booklet for STPM. Other data, specific to indivudual questions, will be
given with the individual questions.
960 PHYSICS
Values of constants
Speed of light in free space
4 10-7 H m-1
1.60 10-19 C
Planck constant
6.63 10-34 J s
1.66 10-27 kg
me
9.11 10-31 kg
mp
1.67 10-27 kg
Avogadro constant
L, NA
Boltzmann constant
Gravitational constant
9.81 m s-2
17