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Curs 1 MDU
Curs 1 MDU
com/prices
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PRIMA SAPTAMANA
Zigot- diviziuni mitotice- rezulta blastomere
Embrionul cu 32 de blastomere= morula
Prin compactare si cavitatie, din morula se
formeaza blastocistul sau blastula
Blastocistul ajunge in cavitatea uterina si
elimina zona pellucida
Incepe implantarea pe peretele posterior al
uterului
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PRIMA SAPTAMANA
BLASTOCISTUL
O
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INITIEREA IMPLANTARII
1 zona pellucida
2 trofoblast
3 hipoblast
4 blastocel
5 epiblast
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SAPTAMANA A 2- A
(extern)
citotrofoblast (intern)
Embrioblastul:
Se
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SAPTAMANA A 2-A
Mezodermul extraembrionar
Origine
corionica
Mezodermul somatic (sub CT)
Mezodermul visceral ( in jurul embrionului)
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SAPTAMANA A 2- A
La sfarsitul saptamanii implantatia se termina,
embrionul e alcatuit din:
2 cavitati emisferice
-
Amniotica (dorsala)
Yolk= vezicula ombilicala (ventrala)
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DISCUL BILAMINAR
Epiblast= strat germinal dorsal
Hipoblast= strat germinal ventral
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SAPTAMANA A 3-A
Formarea liniei primitive- mediana, de-a lungul
axei cranio- caudale- prin proliferarea si
migrarea celulelor epiblastice
Capatul anterior al liniei primitive- incepe sa se
adanceasca si formeaza santul primitiv, ce are
la extremitatea craniala nodul primitiv
(extremitate cefalica)
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SAPTAMANA A 3-A
Are loc formarea discului trilaminar prin
aparitia celei de-a treia foite embrionaremezoblastul
Procesul= gastrulatie, dar noul termen preferat
este tranzitie epitelio- mezenchimala
Mezoblastul se formeaza din celulele
epiblastice, care migreaza prin linia primitiva
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Placa
precordala
Procesul notocordal
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DISCUL TRILAMINAR
STRATUL GERMINAL DORSAL= ECTOBLAST/
ECTODERM
STRATUL MIJLOCIU (AL TREILEA IN ORDINEA
FORMARII)= MEZOBLAST/ MEZODERM
STRATUL VENTRAL= ENDOBLAST/ ENDODERM
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RETINETI
- ECTOBLAST/ ECTODERM
- MEZOBLAST/ MEZODERM intraembrionar +/ - extraembrionar
- ENDOBLAST DEFINITIV/ ENDODERM intraembrionar (visceral)
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CGP
La om, citoplasma contine numeroase granule
de glicogen si lipide.
Prezinta o intensa activitate fosfataz- alcalina
pozitiva.
Nu se cunoaste rolul acestei enzime in celuele
germinale, insa este importanta pentru
identificarea lor.
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ORIGINE EMBRIONARA
Originea lor este in epiblastul proximal in
saptamana a 2- a.
Aparitia este conditionata de prezenta unor
factori de crestere secretati de ectoderm
extraembrionar si endoderm visceral
De la origine migreaza catre crestele genitale
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BMP
Bone morphogenic protein
grup de factori de crestere ai marii familii TGF-b
- transforming growth factor
BMP1 nu face parte din aceast familie
20 de proteine- GM= 10 si 30 kDa
Se fixeaza de un receptor heteromeric (BMP-R),
aflat pe membrana celulei tinta- dou
subunitti tip I si dou subunitti tip II.
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BMP
Subunittile tip II sunt kinaze ce pot fosforila
un rest serinic sau treoninic de pe subunitatea
tip I adiacent
In citoplasma celulei tinta
SARA-
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BMP
R-smad fosforilate formeaz complexe cu
proteine adiacente numite Co- smad.
Complexul se deplaseaz n nucleu, unde se
leag de secvente specifice din ADN (elemente
de rspuns ale BMP) si activeaz anumite
gene, ce determina sinteza unor proteine
specifice- initiaza diferentierea celulelor
epiblastice in CGP
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CGP,
dezvoltarea cordului,
dezvoltarea SNC,
dezvoltarea cartilajului,
sistemului nervos enteric,
dezvoltarea osoas postnatal.
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INDUCTIE CGP
Factori secretati de ectoderm si endoderm sunt
decizionali in diferentierea celulei epiblastice in
CGP
Celulele epiblastului proximal nu sunt
restrictionate la linia germinala primordiala,
dand nastere si unor celule somatice de la
nivelul alantoida si s-ar parea ca si al
mezodermului extraembrionar
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INDUCTIE CGP
Ectodermul secreta
BMP4,
Endodermul secreta
BMP2-
diferentiere
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INITIEREA MIGRARII
Sub actiunea factorilor BMP, celulele
precursoare CGP exprima proteina fragilis
(IFITM), care:
marcheaza initierea diferentierii ca celule
germinale primordiale
are rol de adeziune intercelulara
Odata cu formarea celulelor fragilis + incepe
separarea de celule somatice, formandu-se o
aglomerare de precursori CGP
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INDUCTIE CGP
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MIGRARE
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MIGRARE
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MIGRARE
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TIPURI DE MIGARE
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MECANISMELE MIGRARII
2.
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INITIEREA MIGRARII
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MORFOLOGIE, POLARITATE
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INITIERE
IFITM= fragilis
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CALEA MIGRATORIE
In intestinul posterior
prin IFITM3 si E- caderina
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CALEA MIGRATORIE
Migreaza
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CALEA MIGRATORIE
SDF1-
CXCR4-
Pe
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OPRIREA MIGRARII
Se pare ca aceleasi molecule care au ghidat
migrarea, prezente in cantitate mare la nivelul
crestelor gonadale, determina si oprirea lor
Cantitati mari de SDF1 reprezinta un semnal stop
Celulele devin rotunde, isi pierd polaritatea, adera
intre ele, de celulele somatice din jur si de
matricea extracelulara prin molecule de adeziuneE-caderina si integrina B1, exprimate de CGP
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VA MULTUMESC!
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