Professional Documents
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LECTURE 3 & 4
ENERGY SOURCE
AN OVERVIEW
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
SCHULICH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
FALL 2015
Primary
Energy Source
Fossil
Crude Oil
Non-Fossil
Coal
41 %
8%
Natural Gas
NGL
34 %
4%
Hydro
8%
2%
Geothermal
Solar
Tidal
wind
Biomass
* Canadas Production of Primary Energy - 2012
Nuclear
FOSSIL FUEL
Fuels that have been formed from the fossilized remains
of prehistoric plants and animals
The fuels include
Coal
Oil
Gas
Fossil fuels provide around 80% of the worlds total
energy demands.
Question:
(1) What is the percentage of the fossil fuel energy
consumption in Canada (2012)?
FOSSIL FUEL:
HOW IT WORKS
Exhaust
Gases
Pollution
Control
Pump
*43.00%
Coal
Oil
*40.00%
Gas
Steam
Condenser
Cooling
Water
Combustion
Chamber
Synchronous
Generator
Steam
Valve
Steam
Boiler
Turbine
Speed Control
AC
Power
FOSSIL FUEL:
ADVANTAGES
FOSSIL FUEL:
DISADVANTAGES
Pollution
Carbon dioxide -> Greenhouse effect
Sulphur dioxide -> Acid rain
Oil spills during transportation
Coal mining can be dangerous and difficult
Destroy large areas of the landscape
Some power stations are built on the coast, hence, sea
water is used to cool the steam. This raises the sea
temperature and can affect the environment. Although the
fishes seem to like it.
FOSSIL FUEL:
IS IT RENEWABLE?
NUCLEAR POWER
Nuclear power is generated through Nuclear Fission
Three basic nuclear fuels
Thorium 232
Uranium 235 (0.7% of all U)
Uranium 238 (99.3% of all U)
Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy
needs
It produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts
of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from burning
fossil fuels.
Neutron
Neutron
Target
Nucleus
Fission
Product
Neutron
SOLAR POWER
Average solar power received by the earth is 173x1015 W
It provides about 0.4% of the worlds power
30% Reflected
47% Heat
WIND POWER
We've used the wind as an energy source for a long time.
The Babylonians and Chinese were using wind power to
pump water for irrigating crops 4,000 years ago, and
sailing boats were around long before that.
Wind power was used in the Middle Ages, in Europe, to
grind corn, which is where the term "windmill" comes
from.
It provides 2.2% of the worlds power
WIND POWER:
HOW IT WORKS
WIND POWER:
ADVANTAGES
WIND POWER:
DISADVANTAGES
WIND POWER:
IS IT RENEWABLE
HYDROELECTRICITY
A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there
is an existing lake.
Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to
turn turbines and thus drive generators.
Hydro-electricity provides 15.2% of the worlds power
HYDROELECTRICITY:
HOW IT WORKS
HYDROELECTRICITY:
ADVANTAGES
HYDROELECTRICITY:
DISADVANTAGES
HYDROELECTRICITY:
IS IT RENEWABLE
TIDAL POWER
Tidal power is obtained from the rise and fall of tides
Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified a
possible tidal power stations.
GEOTHERMAL POWER
Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam.
We drill holes down to the hot region, steam comes up, is
purified and used to drive turbines, which drive electric
generators.
There may be natural "groundwater" in the hot rocks
anyway, or we may need to drill more holes and pump
water down to them.
GEOTHERMAL POWER:
HOW IT WORKS
GEOTHERMAL POWER:
ADVANTAGES
GEOTHERMAL POWER:
DISADVANTAGES
The big problem is that there are not many places where
you can build a geothermal power station. You need hot
rocks of a suitable type, at a depth where we can drill
down to them.
The type of rock above is also important, it must be of a
type that we can easily drill through.
Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam",
perhaps for decades.
Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from
underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of.
GEOTHERMAL POWER:
IS IT RENEWABLE
BIOMASS
Biomass is fuel that is developed from organic materials
Some examples of materials that make up biomass fuels
are:
scrap lumber;
forest debris;
certain crops;
manure; and
some types of waste residues.
Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity generated
from renewable organic waste that would otherwise be
dumped in landfills, openly burned, or left as fodder for
forest fires.
BIOMASS:
HOW IT WORKS
BIOMASS:
ADVANTAGES
BIOMASS:
DISADVANTAGES
BIOMASS:
IS IT RENEWABLE
Biomass is renewable
We will always make waste products.
We can always plant & grow more sugar cane and more
trees, so those are renewable too.