BAI 1

GII THIEU CAC LINH KIEN VA

THIET B TH NGHIEM C BAN
A. MUC CH :
Giup sinh vien tiep can cac phan t mach thc te va nam vng cac thao
tac s dung cac thiet b th nghiem: bang mach cam th, volt ke, amper ke,
VOM, DMM, watt ke, bo nguon DC, may phat song, oscilloscope...

B. GII THIEU :
I. VOLT KE (Voltmeter):
Trong PTN , ngoai cac Volt ke chuyen dung , VOM (may o van nang)
c a chuong vi chc nang cua mot Volt ke DC va AC. Mot so lu y khi s
dung VOM vi chc nang cua mot Volt ke :
1) VOM :
+ Hai loai c ban: La ch
th so va ch th kim.
+ Cam cac que o : en
tai COM va o tai V-
(hnh 1.1.1).

Hnh 1.1.1: Cac loai VOM c ban

- Trang 5 -

+ Chon ung chc nang o :

- Chon DCV : o Volt mot chieu.
- Chon ACV : o Volt xoay chieu.
+ Chon ung tam o (Range): Ve nguyen tac , tam ch c chon sao cho va
u ln hn ai lng can o. Neu chon tam qua ln th sai so phep o. Neu
chon tam be hn ai lng can o, th neu la VOM ch th kim se lam h hong
khung quay, con VOM- ch th so th co bao hieu overload ( hien so 1.).
+ Chon ung thang chia (Scale) : Tuy theo tam va chc nang o, ngi ta chon
thang chia thch hp e oc so lieu. Cac thang chia o ap cung se ghi ro chung
c dung cho tn hieu AC hay DC va tam bao nhieu. Neu tam o khong ton
tai tren thang chia tc la no dung thang chia co c so la 10. Can ac biet lu y
cac thang chia chuyen biet cho dang tn hieu mot tam nao o , v thang chia
nay c khac vach rieng nham khac phuc tnh phi tuyen cua mach len tn hieu
ang c o.
+ Gia tr oc tren Volt ke la tr hieu dung (RMS Value).
+ o nong Noi song song : VOM dung nh Volt ke co the o nong, tc la o
khi mach ang co ien. Va Volt ke mac vao mach song song vi tai can o ap.
Ve mat ly thuyet mach , Volt ke c xem la tng ng vi mot tr khang
Rv co gia tr vo cung ln ( h mach).
+ Cc tnh : oi vi Volt ke AC khong can lu y cc tnh que o nhng vi
Volt ke DC th can lu y ieu nay. Que o luon at vao cc tnh + va que en
at vao cc tnh cua ien ap DC can o.
2) VOLT KE CHUYEN DUNG :
Cac Volt ke chuyen dung ch th kim (hnh 1.1.2) hay ch th so thng
co hai chc nang o AC va DC. Viec chon tam , thang chia va cc tnh que o
khong khac g VOM.

Hnh 1.1.2: Amper ke va Volt ke (DC / AC)

- Trang 6 -

Lu y :

Tuyet oi khong c s dung VOLT AC e o DC hay ngc lai .

Khi s dung VOM e o volt th can than kiem tra cac v tr cac
switch chon chc nang trc khi o !

II. AMPER KE (Ampermeter):

Trong PTN , mot so thiet b o Amper gom co :
1) Amper ke chuyen dung : (hnh 1.1.2)
ac trng nhat ve thiet b o Amper la cac Amper ke chuyen dung .
Thong thng co cac loai : AC Amper ; DC Amper va AC-DC Amper. Khi s
dung cac thiet b nay cung can lu y :
+ Cam que o : que o cam A , que en cam COM. Lu y co mot so Amper
o dong qua ln th v tr cam cua que o cung oi e thay oi tr Shunt.
+ Chon ung chc nang : o dong DC ( Chon DCA) hay AC ( Chon ACA) .
Neu Amper ke ch co mot chc nang th khong can lu y ieu nay.
+ Chon ung tam va thang chia : Chon nh Volt ke tren .
+ Gia tr oc la tr hieu dung (RMS Value) .
+ o nguoi Noi noi tiep : Amper ke ch co the o nguoi , tc la ch c lap
mach Amper ke khi mach khong co ien. Sau o muon oc gia tr tren Amper
ke th ta cap ien cho mach ( bang cau dao hay cong tac). Khi muon oi Amper
sang mot v tr khac th ta ngat ien tren mach , oi noi cho Amper ke, roi oc
so lieu mi . Nguyen tac : Amper ke mac vao mach noi tiep vi tai can o
dong. Ve mat ly thuyet mach , Amper ke c xem la tng ng vi mot tr
khang Ra co gia tr vo cung be ( ngan mach). Amper ke a vao mach co the
xem tng ng vi mot day dan va lam ngan mach hai au cua no nen SV
can lu y khi chuyen mach cho Amper ke.
+ Cc tnh : oi vi Amper ke AC khong can lu y cc tnh que o nhng vi
Amper ke DC th can lu y ieu nay. Dong ien phai i vao cc dng (+) cua
Amper DC thong qua que o va i ra cc am (-) thong qua que en .
+ Mac them bien dong: Khi oi tam o cho Ampe ke AC ta co the lap them
bien dong (hnh 1.1.3) , khi o tr so oc tren Ampe (Ia) phai nhan them vi he
so bien dong e c tr so thc la I.
I = ki * Ia
(vi ki la he so bien dong)
2) Amper kep (Clamp ampermeter) :

- Trang 7 -

Mot dung cu o Amper khong can cac thao tac mac mach phc tap da
tren nguyen ly cam ng t la Amper kep , co dang nh hnh 1.1.4, dung e o
dong AC.

Hnh 1.1.3: Co them bien dong

S dung :
Hnh 1.1.4: Amper kep
+ Peak hold : Gi gia tri ln nhat ma
Amper kep oc c.
+ Data hold : Gi gia tr tren man hnh khi an nut nay.
(cac nut Peak va Data hold la cac phm ON/OFF).
+ Func. Select : Chon chc nang o, khi o dong nen chon 20 A.
+ Display : hien th gia tr o.
III. WATT KE (Wattmeter):
Trong PTN , Wattmeter la dung cu s
dung rat nhieu, khi thao tac tren no can lu y
mot so iem sau ay :
Hnh 1.1.5: o cong suat
1) Xac nh ung cuon ap va cuon dong:
Xac nh hai au cuon ap , hai au cuon dong , cc cung ten cua no va
cac tam thch hp. Tam chon theo nguyen tac : Dong qua cuon dong phai am
bao be hn Im cua cuon dong va ap at vao cuon ap phai am bao be hn
Um cua cuon ap Wattmeter.
2) Noi Wattmeter o cong suat theo nguyen tac :
Cuon dong noi tiep vi tai , cuon ap song song vi tai theo hnh 1.1.5. Khi noi
can lu y cac iem sau :
- Trang 8 -

+ ng am net dien ta ng dong ien qui c.

+ Cac cc cung ten phai ung qui c.
+ Watt ke la thiet b o nguoi, tc la thao tac cho no khi no khong co ien,
va cac cuon day phai c noi ong thi.
3) oc tr so :
oi vi Wattmeter mot pha , ma cac cuon day co nhieu gia tr Im va
Um th gia tr cong suat thc xac nh t gia tr cong suat oc theo cong thc:
P(thc) = P(oc) * kw .
Vi kw = (Um * Im) / Tr max cua thang chia.
4) Mot so Wattmeter trong PTN :
a) FUSO Wattmeter :
Cac cc ra day nh tren hnh 1.1.6, trong o ta co hai gia tr Um ( 120
V va 240 V) va hai gia tr Im chon nh sau :
+ Chon 1 : Im = 2.5 A
+ Chon 2-2 : Im = 5 A.
+ Chon S : Noi tat cuon dong.
Cc cung ten cua cac cuon ap va cuon dong c ky hieu bang dau : .

Hnh 1.1.6: Cac coc tren FUSO watt ke

- Trang 9 -

b) YOKO Wattmeter :
Cac cc ra day nh tren hnh 1.1.7, trong o ta co hai gia tr Um ( 120
V va 240 V) va hai gia tr Im (1 A va 5 A). Cac cuon day gom cc cung ten
cua no va cc gia tr nh mc tng ng.
Lu y :
e kim Watt ke quay thuan khi lap mach can chu y lap hai au cc tnh (
dau * hoac dau ) cua hai cuon dong va ap nh hnh ve 1.1.5.
Khi cuon ap au ra nhieu mc ien the th luon luon chon mc ien the va
ln hn ien the can o e oc c tr so ung va tranh h hong Watt ke.
Trng hp a au ung tam dong va ap ma kim Watt ke van lech t, khi o
can lap them bien dong vao mach Watt ke (hnh 1.1.8).
Khi co bien dong , gia tr cong suat o tnh theo so oc , he so Watt ke va
he so bien dong : P(thc) = P(oc) * kw * ki.

Hnh 1.1.7: Cac coc tren YOKO watt ke

Hnh 1.1.8: o cong suat co

bien dong

IV. BIEN AP T NGAU (VARIAC):

Hnh 1.1.9: Bien ap t ngau

- Trang 10 -

+ S o nguyen ly nh tren hnh 1.1.9a va cac coc ra day nh tren hnh

1.1.9b. Ngo vao A-X c noi vi ien ap AC (110 V hay 220 V) va ien ap ra
lay tren hai coc a-x la ien ap AC ieu chnh c. Chieu xoay bieu ap t ngau
theo chieu kim ong ho la chieu tang cua ien ap ra. Coc X nen noi vao day
nguoi cua ap vao.
+ ien ap vao bien ap t ngau thng lay t ien ap day hay pha cua
nguon ba pha trong PTN nh tren hnh 1.1.10.

Hnh 1.1.10: Nguon trong PTN

V. MAY PHAT SONG (FUNCTION GENERATOR):

1) Mo hnh : La mot nguon ap (hnh 1.1.11), trong o e(t) thng la tn hieu
ieu hoa, xung vuong hay xung tam giac. Gia tr E c goi la thanh phan DC
cua tn hieu ra , va c chnh bang nut chnh DC offset. ien tr trong cua may
phat song thng la 600, 300 hay 50. Tn hieu lay ra tren ngo OUTPUT
cua may phat song.
2) S dung may phat song: e thao tac tren may phat song ta can : chon dang
song ngo ra va chnh hai thanh phan c ban: chnh bien o va chnh tan so. Xet
mot may phat song thc cua hang Instek nh tren hnh 1.1.12:

Hnh 1.1.12: May phat song Instek

- Trang 11 -

+ Chon dang song: Chon nut an tng ng tren may phat song (hnh 1.1.13).

Hnh 1.1.11

Hnh 1.1.13: Chnh dang song

+ Chnh tan so : May phat co the chnh tan so tn hieu ra t 1 Hz en 10 MHz.
Thc chat nut chnh tan so (Frequency) hnh 1.1.14 cho gia tr t 0,05 en 3,2.
Gia tr nay se nhan vi nut an chon tan so (hnh 1.1.15) cho ta tan so tn hieu ra.
Neu nut an tan so 1k, va khi ta xoay nut Frequency tan so tn hieu ra se c
chnh khoang t 50Hz en 3,2 kHz. Nh vay, neu muon chnh tan so thap en
cao, ta nen thay oi cac nut an tan so tng ng.

Hnh 1.1.14: Nut chnh tan so

Hnh 1.1.15: Nut an chon tan so

+ Chnh bien o : Tc la thay oi gia tr nh Vp bang cach xoay nut AMPL. Ta

oc gia tr bien o cua tn hieu ra nh : Volt ke AC (hay DMM) cho ta tr hieu
dung (RMS value) cua tn hieu; hoac dung dao ong ky oc tr nh (Vp) hay tr
nh nh (Vpp). Thong thng ta chnh bien o tn hieu ra kem theo a chon
he so suy hao (Attenuation) thch hp. Co hai gia tr pho bien: 20dB (e tang
bien o len 10 lan) va 20dB (e giam bien o i 10 lan).

- Trang 12 -

VI. DAO ONG KY (OSCILLOSCOPE):

Hnh 1.1.16: Dao ong ky

1) S o khoi :
Nh tren hnh 1.1.16, trong o can lu y cac khoi chnh :
+ Khoi quet doc : Co hai khoi cho hai kenh. Cac nut chnh chnh :
POS : Chnh v tr doc.
VAR: Dung CAL tn hieu vao (thng tren nut Volt/div).
Volt/div : Gia tr mot o theo chieu doc.
Select Input : Chon kieu ghep ngo vao (AC-GND-DC).
+ Khoi quet ngang:
POS : di tn hieu theo chieu ngang.
VAR Sweep: Dung CAL quet ngang .
Time/div : Gia tr mot o theo chieu ngang.
+ Khoi Trigger:
Source : Nen chon Alt hay CH1 e chon ng tn hieu trigger.
Coupling : Nen chon Auto.
Trigger Level va Hold off : Giup trong viec gi tn hieu tren man hnh
khong b troi theo chieu ngang.
+ Khoi chon chc nang : Chon t VERT MODE : CHA-CHB-DUAL-ADD.
2) Cac chc nang c ban va cach chnh :

Trong phan Th nghiem mach , SV can thao tac c cach chnh dao
ong ky cho bon chc nang sau :
- Trang 13 -

a) Bieu dien tn hieu theo thi gian:

+ a tn hieu vao kenh A (CH1) hay B
(CH2). Lu y ngo tn hieu va ngo mass.
Tn hieu vao dao ong ky bat buoc la
tn hieu ien ap. Do o neu muon o
dong ien ta phai thong qua ap tren
ien tr va gia tr ien tr la a biet.
+ VERT MODE chon CH1 hay CH2 tuy
theo tn hieu a vao kenh nao. Khi
quan sat mot tn hieu nen a vao kenh
A (CH1).
Hnh 1.1.17: oc bien o chu ky
+ Kiem tra cac nut VAR v tr CAL.
+ Chon Select Input la GND e chnh vach sang nam ngay gia man hnh bang
nut POS . Sau o tra lai v tr AC hay DC tuy muc ch quan sat tn hieu.
+ Chnh cac nut Volt/div va Time/div e tn hieu hien u tren man hnh.
+ Gia tr bien o va tan so tn hieu c oc t so o man hnh va cac gia tr cua
cac nut Volt/div va Time/div (Hnh 1.1.17).
b) Bieu dien hai tn hieu ong thi:
+ a hai tn hieu vao hai kenh A va B. Hai tn hieu phai co cung iem mass.
+ Vert Mode chnh Dual hay CHOP.
+ Kiem tra cac nut VAR v tr CAL.
+ Vi moi kenh, Chon Select Input la GND e chnh vach sang nam ngay gia
man hnh bang nut POS . Sau o tra lai v tr AC hay DC tuy muc ch quan sat
tn hieu.
+ Chnh Time/div cho phu hp tan so tn hieu . Chnh cac nut Volt/div tng ng
tn hieu tng kenh sao cho de quan sat ca hai tn hieu tren man hnh.
+ Bien o cua moi tn hieu xac nh da vao gia tr Volt/div cua kenh tng ng
(hnh 1.1.17).
c) o goc lech pha cua hai tnh hieu:
+ a hai tn heu vao hai kenh va hien th nh tren hnh 1.1.18. Goc lech pha
c xac nh theo :

t
360 o
T

- Trang 14 -

Vi T = chu ky cua hai tn hieu . (Xem them cac phng phap xac nh goc lech
pha Bai TN Mach AC)

Hnh 1.1.18: o pha trc tiep

Hnh 1.1.19: o pha Lissajous

d) Bieu dien mot tn hieu theo tn hieu khac :

+ a hai tn hieu vao hai kenh A va B. Hai tn hieu phai co cung iem mass.
+ Chnh e quan sat c tng tn hieu tren man hnh .
+ Chuyen Vert Mode sang X-Y.(Co khi chc nang nay nam tren nut Time/Div).
+ Chon Select Input cua ca hai kenh la GND e chnh iem sang nam ngay
trung tam man hnh bang nut POS cua kenh B va nut POS ngang . Sau o tra lai
v tr AC hay DC tuy muc ch quan sat tn hieu (hnh 1.1.19).
+ o th tren man hnh co hai truc n v eu la Volt va oc nh sau :
- O doc oc theo Volt/Div cua kenh B ( Truc Y).
- O ngang oc theo Volt/Div cua kenh A (Truc X).
VII. MAY O VAN NANG SO (DIGITAL MULTIMETER DMM):
DMM tch hp nhieu chc nang o cac thong so mach va ai lng ien
c ban. DMM co hai loai: e ban va cam tay. Trong PTN phan ln s dung
DMM e ban (nh tren hnh 1.1.20). Thiet b nay gom co cac chc nang o c
ban sau:
1) o ien ap DC va AC :
+ Cac que o: que en cam vao COM, que o cam vao V.
+ An nut V e o ien ap. Chon DC (hay V=) : khi o ap mot chieu. Chon AC
(hay V~) : khi o ap xoay chieu. Gia tr nhan c la tr hieu dung (RMS value).
- Trang 15 -

+ Khi muon o tr hieu dung thc (True RMS), ta an nut chon chc nang DC +
AC e tnh thanh phan DC vao tr hieu dung cua tn hieu. Mot so DMM yeu cau
nhan to hp hay nut DC + AC. Neu DMM khong co chc nang nay, ta cung co
the xac nh gia tr cua chc nang nay khi dung cong thc e tnh toan:

RMS valueDC+ AC = (DCV)2 + (ACV)2

+ Tiep theo ta chon tam o ap bang cach chon mot trong 6 nut an ben phai (gan
nut nguon PWR). Tam o chon va u ln hn ien ap can o. e an toan,
chung ta nen bat au vi tam ln nhat hoac bang ap nguon cung cap ln nhat.
+ at que o vao cac cac iem o (neu o DCV can lu y cc tnh ien ap) va
oc gia tr hien th tren man hnh.

Hnh 1.1.20: Digital Multimeter e ban

2) o dong ien DC va AC :
+ Cac que o: que en cam vao COM, que o cam vao 2A khi o dong nho hn
2A va cam vao 20A khi o dong ln hn 2A nhng be hn 20A.
+ Chon chc nang A va DC (hay A=) khi o dong mot chieu. Chon AC (hay A~)
khi o dong xoay chieu.
+ Tiep theo ta chon tam o dong bang cach chon mot trong 6 nut an ben phai
(gan nut nguon PWR). Tam o chon va u ln hn dong ien can o. e an
toan, chung ta nen bat au vi tam ln nhat (hay tam 2A phu hp a so bai TN
Mach).
+ Ngat ien tren mach o.
+ Phai thao day dan co dong can o, noi hai que o cua DMM vao mach sao
cho DMM c noi tiep phan t co dong can o (neu o DCA can lu y chieu
dong ien phai i vao que o).

- Trang 16 -

+ Cap ien lai cho mach o va oc gia tr hien th tren man hnh.
Lu y: DMM o dong se co noi tr rat be tng t amper ke, khong c noi
DMM song song vi phan t mach. Neu noi DMM lam ngan mach nguon ap se
co dong rat ln gay h hong bo nguon hay DMM !
3) o ien tr :
+ Thao ien tr can o khoi mach.
+ Cac que o: que en cam vao
COM, que o cam vao V.
+ Chon chc nang tren DMM.
+ Chon tam o ien tr neu co yeu
cau chon tam o.
+ at que o vao hai cc cua ien
tr va oc gia tr hien th tren man
hnh.
Lu y: Khi VOM hay DMM tr
thanh ohm ke th khong c o tren
mach ang co ien. Neu khong se
gay h hong thiet b o.
Hnh 1.1.21: DMM cam tay
VIII. BO NGUON DC (DC POWER SUPPLY):
Thiet b nay cung cap nguon DC cho cac mach th nghiem, co rat nhieu
loai (nguon mot ngo ra, nguon hai ngo ra, ). No co cac chc nang c ban:
chnh ap va dong DC cho mach, hien th gia tr ap dong cung cap va co kha
nang bao ve qua ap hay dong.
Bo nguon DC n gian nh tren
hnh 1.1.22.
1: Cong tac ON/OFF bo nguon.
2: Cc am cua ap ra.
3: Cc dng cua ap ra.
4: Chnh gia tr ien ap ra.
5: Chnh gia tr dong ien .
6: Hien th gia tr ien ap ra.
7: Hien th gia tr dong ien.
8: Cc noi at cho thiet b.

Hnh 1.1.22: Bo nguon DC

- Trang 17 -

 Bo nguon DC hai ngo ra: nh hnh 1.1.23, khi s dung ta lu y:

+ moi nguon ra, hai bien tr phan V chnh gia tr ap DC ngo ra tng ng t
0 30V, ben tren la gia tr ien ap. Bien tr phan A chnh gia tr dong ngo ra
cua nguon b gii han, ben tren la hien th gia tr dong ra t 0 2,5A. en
LIMIT sang bao hieu dong ra a at gia tr gii han c chnh nh t trc o.
+ Chon nut an TRACKING tng ng muc ch s dung:
Nut TRACKINH v tr tha (hay OFF) tng ng s dung hai nguon oc
lap nhau (v tr dung pho bien).
Nut TRACKINH v tr an vao (hay ON), en bao TRACKINH sang,
hai nguon ap ra c mac noi tiep. Cc + cua MASTER (ben trai) la
cc + cua nguon ra. Cc cua SLAVE (ben phai) la cc cua nguon
ra. Cc cua MASTER a c noi vi cc + cua SLAVE ben trong bo
nguon. Ap ra cua bo nguon la tong hai tr so ap hien th cua hai nguon.
Can than gia hai cc am cua hai nguon ang co hieu ien the ! (trong
cac bai TN Mach khong dung chc nang TRACKING nay).

Hnh 1.1.23: Bo nguon DC hai ngo ra

- Trang 18 -

IX. BANG MACH CAM TH (BREADBOARD):

Hnh 1.1.24: Bang mach cam th (breadboard)

1) Cong dung cua bang mach cam th:
Bang mach cam th dung e lap rap mot mach ien ma khong dung
en moi han. Co nhieu hnh dang va mau ma cua bang mach cam th nhng
thong dung la loai nh tren hnh 1.1.24. Bang c thiet ke e co the cam c
hau het cac linh kien hay phan t mach dang chan cam thong thng.
2) Cau truc cua bang mach cam th:
Cac lo cam cua bang mach
cam th c ket noi vi nhau theo
qui luat nh tren hnh 1.1.25, co ch ro
cac v tr khong noi (No Connection).
Sau khi cam linh kien vao
bang mach, ta co the phai dung en
day noi ben ngoai e hoan thanh lap
Hnh 1.1.25: Ket noi lo cam
rap cho mach nh a thiet ke.
Cac ng noi doc nen dung cam linh kien. Cac ng noi ngang (4
ng) nen danh cho nguon: dng , am va GND.
3) Cac lu y khi dung bang mach cam th:
+ Bang mach khong dung cho ien ap, dong ien hay tan so cao.
+ Phai chu y day noi e tranh ngan mach do cam nham.

- Trang 19 -

+ Sau mot thi gian s dung, cac lo mach co the khong con tiep xuc tot
va gay ra h mach, lam mach khong hoat ong.
X. CAC LINH KIEN TH NGHIEM C BAN:
1) ien tr:
ien tr la phan t
thu ong thong dung nhat
trong mach ien. No co
nhieu hnh dang va kch
thc khac nhau tng ng
cong suat. No c che tao
t than hay day quan. Khi th
nghiem, sinh vien thng
phai oc gia tr cua ien tr
da tren cac vach mau tren
than ien tr da theo qui
tac ma vach mau nh hnh
1.1.26.
Hnh 1.1.26: Ma vach mau cua ien tr
2) Tu ien:
Tu ien cung la mot phan t thu ong dung nhieu trong cac mach ien
th nghiem. Gia tr ien dung cua tu hoac co the ghi trc tiep tren tu, vi n v
la F hay nF, hoac cho di dang ba ch so oc theo quy luat nh ien tr ba
vach mau, vi n v la pF nh tren hnh 1.1.27. K t sai so at sau ba ch so
gia tr co y ngha: J (5%), K (10%) va M (20%).

Hnh 1.1.27: oc gia tr ien dung

- Trang 20 -

3) Cuon day:
Phan t cuon day dung trong cac bai th nghiem mach ien co 2 loai:
loai co cau truc nh ien tr, oc thong qua ma vach mau, vi n v la H va
loai gia tr ln hn, dung day quan tren vat lieu sat t (hnh 1.1.28).

Hnh 1.1.28: Phan t cuon day

XI. HOP (KIT) TH NGHIEM:
Hop th nghiem tch hp nhieu thiet b th nghiem va nguon c ban cho
viec lap rap mot mach th nghiem nh: nguon DC, may phat song, bien tr,
dung cu o . Khi noi cac phan nay vi mach thc hien, can theo doi ky chc
nang, tam gii han cua chung e tranh gay h hong cho hop th nghiem cung
nh mach lap rap. GND cua cac phan trong hop TN ve nguyen tac la oc lap, ta
can lu y e noi mach th nghiem. Cac phan chnh cua hop th nghiem gom co:
1) Cong tac nguon (Power):
Cong tac chnh cung cap nguon cho tat ca cac thiet b tch hp tren hop
TN. Lu y mot so phan tren hop co the co cong tac nguon rieng cho chung.
2) Nguon DC co nh (Fixed DC Power Supply):
Thng la cac nguon 5V, 12V, 15V. Ta thng dung nguon nay
lam cap nguon DC cho cac mach, cap nguon oi cho OP-AMP . .
3) Nguon DC thay oi c (Adjust or Variable DC Power Supply):
Ta dung nguon nay khi trong cac bai TN co yeu cau thay oi gia tr
nguon DC trong mach th nghiem, thay oi tn hieu DC a vao mach . Gia tr
nguon DC c chnh dung bien tr nen ta phai can than: kiem tra gia tr nguon

- Trang 21 -

trc khi noi vao mach, tranh trng hp noi nguon khi bien tr mc max, tc
la gia tr nguon DC ang mc ln nhat c a vao mach.
4) Nguon AC (AC Power Supply):
ay la nguon ieu hoa co tan so co nh la tan so li ien (50/60Hz).
Ta thng dung nguon nay thc hien cac mach nguon: chnh lu, on ap .
5) May phat song (Function Generator):
Bo phan nay cung cap cac tn hieu sin, vuong, tam giac (chon tren
switch chc nang). Tn hieu ra lay tren GND va OUTPUT. Tan so chnh cung
dung: chon gia tr tren RANGE tan so (1Hz, 10Hz, 100Hz, 1kHz, 10kHz) va
ieu chnh nut tan so FREQUENCY cho en tan so yeu cau. Nut AMPLITUDE
ieu chnh bien o tn hieu ra cua may phat song.
6) Bien tr (Variable Resistors hay Potentionmeters):
Cung cap mot so bien tr ri, 3 cc, e thc hien lap mach th nghiem.
Nen chon gia tr bien tr thch hp ( 1k, 10k, 100k, 1M) e de dang
chnh gia tr yeu cau.
7) ong ho o hien th so (Digital meters):
Thng cac hop TN co cung cap volt ke so DC va amper ke so DC. Ta
nen chon ung chc nang va tam tng ng khi s dung.
8) ong ho o ch th kim (Analogue meters):
Mot so hop TN co trong b ong ho o ch th kim. Ta can lu y ky hieu
tren ong ho e biet loai va nhn ky tam o e dung phu hp vi th nghiem.
Cac ky hieu:
V : Volt ke DC.
=

mA : mili amper ke DC.

mA : Mili amper ke AC.

: Volt ke AC.

9) Loa (Speaker):
Hop TN co cung cap mot tai loa e thc hien cac mach khuech ai va
bien oi tr khang.
- Trang 22 -

C. CAU HOI KIEM TRA :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Cach chon chc nang o tren ampere ke va volt ke ?

Cach chon tam o tren ampere ke va volt ke ?
ien tr tng ng cua ampere ke va volt ke ?
Can lu y ieu g ve v tr cac que o (o va en) cua VOM khi o ap
DC va ap AC ?
Khi oc so lieu tren VOM ch th kim th ta can quan tam en cac thong
tin nao va v sao ?
Cho tai AC 1 pha co ap 110V va dong 0,8A. Hay ve s o au day o
cong suat cua tai dung FUSO watt ke va YOKO watt ke ? Xac nh he
so watt ke ?
Cho biet cong dung chnh cua may phat song ?
Chc nang DC offset tren may phat song dung e lam g ?
Tai sao khi chnh tan so cua may phat song phai ket hp nut an tan so
va nut xoay ieu chnh Frequency ?
Gia tr nao se nhan c (hieu dung / bien o) khi o neu dung VOM va
dao ong ky ?
Cach dung dao ong ky o tn hieu dong ien ? (cho biet cach oc gia
tr dong ien)
Khi nao dung ghep DC hay AC tren ngo vao dao ong ky ? (giai thch
chi tiet)
Cho biet cac chc nang c ban cua dao ong ky trong phan th nghiem
mach ien ?
Thanh phan nao cua tn hieu tuan hoan se o c khi ta dung chc
nang DCV tren DMM ?
Thanh phan nao cua tn hieu tuan hoan se o c khi ta dung chc
nang ACV tren DMM ?
Thanh phan nao cua tn hieu se o c khi ta dung chc nang DC + AC
tren DMM ?
Tai sao khong c dung cac ngon tay gi ni tiep xuc que o va cc
cua ien tr khi ta dung DMM o ien tr ?
-------------------------------------

- Trang 23 -