( d,

] ( listen))
. 747.152
2008.[1] ,
135 .

.
161 .

1332. 1423
.
18
.

Lodsch.

1816
.
( Ziemia obiecana
).
,
, .
1825 ,
,
-. 1865
.
1914,
.
1918. 40%
,
.

8 1939 .


1939. Li zmanns ad

.
Volksliste Volksdeutsche.

200.000 .
(
) .
1945
.
. , ,
.
Sieradz
Sieradz e a s] ( listen) (Latin Syradia, German: Schieratz) is a town
on the Warta river in central Poland with 44,326 inhabitants (2004). It is
situated in the d Voivodship (since 1999), but was previously the
eponymous capital of the Sieradz Voivodship (19751998), and
historically one of the minor duchies in Greater Poland.
It is one of the oldest towns in Poland, thrice being a location for the
coronation of the Polish monarchs. The town was attacked by the
Tartars, Bohemians and Teutonic Knights. Polish Kings chaired six
assemblies from here.
History]
The oldest settlements can be traced back to almost 6th century. King
Casimir the great had built the Castle of Sieradz.
In the mid 13th century it was conferred with Municipal rights. It had
also welcomed many settlers from Scotland & Netherlands after the 13th
century. During the fragmentation of Poland, it was the site of the Duchy
of Sieradz.
In 1445 the election of King Casimir Jagiellonian took place at this town.
Until the 16th century the town used to be important trade centre.
Merchants from Spain & Portugal were frequently visiting the town for

Trade and commerce. In the 17th century due to the Swedish wars,
plagues, fires and floods the town lost its trading importance and fell
from its prime. In the 18th century the reconstruction of town
commenced. The residents during that time were only approximately
1500.

Nineteenth and twentieth centuries

On 13 November 1806 an uprising against the Prussians took place in

Sieradz. It was the capital of a district within the Kalisz region of the
Russian Empire until the establishment of the Polish Second Republic in
1918.[1]
With the invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the Second World War
in 1939, Sieradz was attacked on September 9 and occupied by the
Wehrmacht. Annexed by Nazi Germany, it was renamed Schieratz and
administered as part of the county or district (kreis) of the same name
within Reichsgau Wartheland.
The Nazis destroyed traces of Polish culture, destroying historical
records, monuments, and buildings. Street names were changed in an
effort to wipe out any connection with a Polish identity. Bombed by the
Soviets, more than 100 residents were killed. After an assault lasting
three days, the Red Army arrived on January 23, 1945.
Following the war, it became part of the People's Republic of Poland.
Economic activities included clothing manufacture, cereal-milling, spirit
distillery, potato farming and other agricultural activities. In 1957 the
knitting plant "Sira" was founded.
Olenica
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other places with the same name, see Olenica (disambiguation).
Olenica

W oca

Ga e

Flag
Coat of arms

Motto: Miasto wie i r

"A Town of Towers and Roses"

Olenica
Coordinates:

Country

5112N 1723E51.200N
17.383E
Poland

Voivodeship

Lower Silesian

County

Olenica Co n y

Gmina

Olenica (urban gmina)

Established

13th century

Town rights

1255

Government
Mayor

Jan B on

Area
Total

20.96 km2 (8.09 sq mi)

Elevation

150 m (490 ft)

Population (2006)
Total

36,951

Density

1,800/km2 (4,600/sq mi)

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

Postal code

56-400

Area code(s)

+48 71

Car plates

DOL

Website

http://www.olesnica.pl

Olenica l i sa] (German: Oels or ls) is a town in Lower Silesian

Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. From 19751998 it was in former
W oca Voivodeship. It is the administrative seat of Olenica Co n y
and also of the rural district of Gmina Olenica, although it is not part of
the territory of the latter, the town being an urban gmina in its own right.
Contents
[hide]

1 Name
2 Geography
3 History
4 Notable people
5 Twin towns
6 References
7 External links

Name[edit]
The town's name comes from Polish olsza ("Alder"); Olcha is an Old
Slavic word for this common plant and tree.[1][2] On 22 February 1255 the
Silesian duke Henry III the White, son of the Polish High Duke Henry II
the Pious, vested civitas nostra Olsnicz ("o
o n Olenica") with town
[3]
privileges.
Geography[edit]
The town is situated in the Silesian Lowlands east of the Trzebnickie
Hills, part of the historical region of Lower Silesia. Located about 30
kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the Silesian capital W oca , it has been
a stop on an important trade route to the Greater Poland region, Kalisz,
d and Warsaw; it had close ties with K ak via Namys in the
east.[citation needed] It was the site of an important printing press and
gymnasium. From the 13th century, it had a coin mint.
The o n q a e s a e Cen m, Se bin , L cie, L cie Osiedle,
Wdoy, Ra aje (S a e, No e) and Zielone Og ody.
History[edit]
The Piast castle with a nearby abbey and trading settlement was first
mentioned in an 1189 deed. From the 13th century onwards, the area
was largely settled by Germans in the course of the Ostsiedlung.[4] From
1320/21 the former castellany served as the residence of the Piast duke
Kon ad I of Olenica; his son Duke Konrad II the Gray also inherited

Kole. The D chy of Olenica, a Bohemian fief since 1327, was ruled
from the town until the 1492 death of Duke Konrad X the White, last of
the local Piasts.

Olenica Cas le, co

ya d

The duchy was sold to Duke Hen y I of Mns e be g, son of the

Bohemian king Geo ge of Podb ady. His grandson Duke John of
Mns e be g-Oels established a gymnasium at Oels in 1530. When the
Podiebrad family became extinct in 1647, town and duchy were inherited
by the Swabian dukes of W embe g, and in 1792 by the Welf dukes of
Brunswick-Lneb g.
As Oels, the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1742
during the First Silesian War and administered within the Province of
Silesia. Following administrative reform in 1807 during the Napoleonic
Wars, Oels became the seat of Landkreis Oels. The city became part of
the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of
Germany.
After World War I, Oels was included within the Province of Lower
Silesia. It was heavily damaged by the Red Army in 1945 during World
War II, having approximately 60-80% of its buildings destroyed. The city
was placed in Poland's borders after the Potsdam Conference and its
official name became Olenica. The emaining Ge man-speaking
population was subsequently expelled and resettled with Poles many of
whom were expelled from Eastern Poland annexed in 1945 by the Soviet
Union. Several monuments of the former residence have been rebuilt
since the 1960s
Olenica
Website

http://www.olesnica.pl

Olenica l i sa] (German: Oels or ls) is a town in Lower Silesian

Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. From 19751998 it was in former
W oca Voivodeship. It is the administrative seat of Olenica Co n y

and also of the rural district of Gmina Olenica, although it is not part of
the territory of the latter, the town being an urban gmina in its own right.
The town's name comes from Polish olsza ("Alder"); Olcha is an Old
Slavic word for this common plant and tree.[1][2] On 22 February 1255 the
Silesian duke Henry III the White, son of the Polish High Duke Henry II
the Pious, vested civitas nostra Olsnicz ("o
o n Olenica") with town
privileges.[3]
Geography
The town is situated in the Silesian Lowlands east of the Trzebnickie
Hills, part of the historical region of Lower Silesia. Located about 30
kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the Silesian capital W oca , it has been
a stop on an important trade route to the Greater Poland region, Kalisz,
d and Warsaw; it had close ties with K ak via Namys in the
east.[citation needed] It was the site of an important printing press and
gymnasium. From the 13th century, it had a coin mint.
The o n q a e s a e Cen m, Se bin , L cie, L cie Osiedle,
Wdoy, Ra aje (S a e, No e) and Zielone Og ody.
History
The Piast castle with a nearby abbey and trading settlement was first
mentioned in an 1189 deed. From the 13th century onwards, the area
was largely settled by Germans in the course of the Ostsiedlung.[4] From
1320/21 the former castellany served as the residence of the Piast duke
Kon ad I of Olenica; his son Duke Konrad II the Gray also inherited
Kole. The D chy of Olenica, a Bohemian fief since 1327, was ruled
from the town until the 1492 death of Duke Konrad X the White, last of
the local Piasts.

The duchy was sold to Duke Hen y I of Mns e be g, son of the

Bohemian king Geo ge of Podb ady. His grandson Duke John of
Mns e be g-Oels established a gymnasium at Oels in 1530. When the
Podiebrad family became extinct in 1647, town and duchy were inherited
by the Swabian dukes of W embe g, and in 1792 by the Welf dukes of
Brunswick-Lneb g.
As Oels, the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1742
during the First Silesian War and administered within the Province of
Silesia. Following administrative reform in 1807 during the Napoleonic
Wars, Oels became the seat of Landkreis Oels. The city became part of
the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of
Germany.

After World War I, Oels was included within the Province of Lower
Silesia. It was heavily damaged by the Red Army in 1945 during World
War II, having approximately 60-80% of its buildings destroyed. The city
was placed in Poland's borders after the Potsdam Conference and its
official name became Olenica. The emaining Ge man-speaking
population was subsequently expelled and resettled with Poles many of
whom were expelled from Eastern Poland annexed in 1945 by the Soviet
Union. Several monuments of the former residence have been rebuilt
since the 1960s

( ), :Breslau)

. 633.000

60 130 .

, ,

.


, , , ..,
.
.
UEFA EURO 2012,
2016
, (IWGA)
2017.

1241
,
. 1335
14 15
. 1526
1742
' ,
1945.[1]
Historie
P vn psemn zmnka o ms pochz z kroniky D ma a z Me seb k
a vz ah je se k ok 1000, kdy bylo v mci zzen polsk c kevn
p ovincie zaloeno ve V a islavi bisk ps v. Sdli na kiovatce

obchodnch ces vak exis ovalo ji od p avk . Podle nk e ch

hypo z nese sv jmno po dajnm zaklada eli ms a, eskm kne i
Vratislavovi I., za jeho vldy ji mohlo b zem Slezska pipojeno k
eskm s .[3]
V oce 1138 se V a islav s ala hlavnm ms em celho Slezska a v 13.
s ole zskala ms sk p va, ozila se o Nov msto. Za vpd
Mongol do Slezska ok 1241 byla vyplena, ne kn zs al jen
T msk os ov s ka ed lo .[4] V oce 1272 obd ela p vo mlov a o
dva oky pozdji p vo sklad .[5] Ve 14. s ole se s ala lenem hanzy.
Roku 1327 znal v a islavsk kne sv chovanos eskho k le Jana
L cemb skho, pipojen celho Slezska k eskm s bylo
nsledn s v zeno v T ennsk smlo v (1335). Dodnes je ve
v a islavskm znak zachovn esk lev. Bhem 16. s ole byla
V a islav nejdlei jm obchodnm ms em zem Ko ny esk.[6]
V 18. s ole zde pak byla zaloena jezui sk univerzita, v roce 1742, po
p oh an vlce o ako sk ddic v byla V a islav pipojena k Prusku. V
19. s ole se s ala jednm z nejvznamnjch ms v Nmeck .
V noci z 9. na 10. lis opad 1938 ve V a islavi p obhla zv. V a islavsk
kilov noc, kdy zde dolo k nejv m ok na ms n idovsk
obyvatelstvo. Ke konci 2. sv ov vlky byla V a islav Nmci p ohlena
za pevnos n ms o (Festung Breslau) a za cen ob ovsk ma e iln
devas ace a velkch z na ivo ech se zde nmeck vojska b nila
pos p jc R d a md. 6. kv na 1945 se V a islav vzdala. Nmeck
obyva els vo bylo ods n o, ms o bylo pipojen k obnovenm
Polsku a osdleno Polky, pedevm z oblas ods o pench Polskem
Sov skm svaz (hlavn ze zpadn Ukrajiny, ze Lvova a okol a z
Litvy - Vilniusu a okol).
V 80. le ech 20. s ole byla V a islav vznamnm cen em polskho
p o ikom nis ickho odpo .[zdroj?]