()

:
, ,

, 2015

II


'
67
, .
1 3,
, Euler Bernoulli, Timoshenko,
.
4
, 5
.
6
, ,
.

..,
. ,


.
... .
,
. ,
... . .
,
, , ,
,
. ,
, .

, 2015

() [-02]

III


1o - i i ............................................... 1
1.1 .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 ......................................................................... 3
1.2.1 ..................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 - ............................................................. 6
1.2.3 .......... 9
1.2.4 ............................ 12
2o - ............................................ 17
2.1 ....................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Euler - Bernoulli................................... 17
2.2.1 Euler Bernoulli ............................................ 17
2.2.2 Euler Bernoulli ..................................... 18
2.2.3 Euler Bernoulli ............................. 18
2.2.4 ................................................... 18
2.2.5 ..................................................................................... 19
2.3 Timoshenko......................................... 19
2.3.1 Timoshenko ................................. 19
2.3.2 Timoshenko ........................................... 20
2.3.3 Timoshenko .................................... 20
2.3.4 ................................................... 21
2.3.5 ..................................................................................... 21
3o - ........................................... 22
3.1 (Saint-Venant)......................... 22
3.1.1 ......................................... 22
3.1.2 ........................... 23
3.1.3 .................... 23
3.1.4 ................................................... 24
3.1.5 ..................................................................................... 24
3.2 .................................. 24
3.2.1 ............................... 24
3.2.2 ........................ 25

3.2.3 ................ 25
3.2.4 .................................................. 26
3.2.5 ..................................................................................... 26
4o -
............................................................ 27
4.1 - ......................................................... 27
4.2 , , .................................................... 32
4.3 .............................................................. 38
P
P
4.4 CY
, CZ
, SCY , SCZ ........ 44

4.5 SP , SS , TS ............................ 47
5o - ............... 50
5.1 .................................... 50
5.1.1 ..................... 50
5.1.2 . ................................. 50
5.1.3 .................................... 51
5.1.4
, ..................................................... 51
6o ............................................................ 52
6.1 .................................... 52
6.1.1 ............................................................................................. 52
6.1.2 RHS 500X300X20 .................... 53
6.1.3 .................................................................. 54
6.2 ............................................... 61
6.2.1 ............................................................................................. 61
6.2.2 ............................ 62
6.2.3 .................................................................. 64
6.3 ....................................................................... 69
6.4 ......................................................................................... 70

VI

..................... 1

......................................................... 2

dx,dy,dz ........... 4

.................... 6

: (),
(). .......................................................... 7

........... 8

Euler - Bernoulli................................................... 17

Euler - Bernoulli Timoshenko ........... 19

..................................... 21

10

..... 22

11

xx

pZ
(a)
(). .............................................................. 27

12

(,),
(), (,)
(). ................................................................ 29

13

--
(),
(b). .................................................................... 31

14

, ............................................ 32

15

(a) ()
,
B. ............................................................. 34

16

,
Euler-Bernoulli (Saint-Venant)[
1212] ................................................................................................ 50

17

( 2020) ................................................................................. 51

18

.............................. 53

VII

 19

RHS500X300X20 ................... 53

20

w(x) , ............................ 55

21

v(x) , ...... 55

22

u(x) ,
........................................................................................... 56

23

v(x) ,
........................................................................................... 56

24

xP...... 57

25

yP ( y) .......... 57

26

zP ( z) .......... 58

27

xS .... 58

28

........................................................................................................... 59

29

max=4.90MPa,
.............................................................................................. 60

30

................................................................................. 60

31

......................... 61

32

........................................................... 62

33

.... 63

34

w(x) , .................... 64

35

x(x), ........ 64

36

y(x) .......... 65

37

xP...... 65

38

yP ( y) .......... 66

39

zP ( z) .......... 66

40

xS .... 66

41

1,85.
............................................................................................ 67

42

1,85.
....................................................................................... 68

43

CPU RAM ,
(131.262
solid elements) ................................................................................... 69
VIII

 44

CPU RAM ,

(30 ) ......................................................................................... 69

IX

1o - i i

1 o - i i
1.1
,
1, (
). ( 2),

P, .
,

P
A0 A

lim

(1.1.1)

, P ,
,
(Pn) (Pt)
, :
:

Pn
A0 A

lim

-1-

(1.1.2)

Pt
A0 A

lim

(1.1.3)

:

.

,
,
(
) .

, ,
( ),
.
. ,
,
, ,


.

-2-

1o - i i

1.2

.
,

.
1.2.1

,
(dx, dy, dz),
( 1).

x, y, z

xx xy xz

[ ] yx yy yz

zx zy zz
:

(1.2.1)

ii (i= x,y,z ) :
ij (i,j= x,y,z) :

2 .
.
dx, dy, dz.
Taylor, (
3).

-3-

dx,dy,dz

i, j ij

.

. ,
,
.
,
.
( 3)
( )
:
x:

y:

z:

xx xy xz

px 0
x
y
z
yy

yx

yz

(1.2.2)

py 0

(1.2.3)

zz zx zy

pz 0
z
x
y

(1.2.4)

p x , p y , p z :

-4-

1o - i i

, Cauchy

xy yx , yz zy , zx xz

(1.2.5)

n
,

n . (
4). x

nx dS xx dS x yx dS y zx dS z f x dV 0

(1.2.6)

dSx , dS y , dSz , dS , dV : OAC, OAB, OBC,

ABC

dS x dS nx

(1.2.7)

dS y dS ny

(1.2.8)

dS z dS nz

(1.2.9)

dV dS h

(1.2.10)

h: ABC ni (i = )

n x, y, z.

(1.2.7)-(1.2.10) (1.2.6)

nx dS xx dS nx yx dS ny zx dS nz f x dS h 0
nx xx nx yx ny zx nz f x h 0
y z.

-5-

(1.2.11)

(h 0)
Cauchy

xn xx nx xy ny xz nz

(1.2.12)

yn yx nx yy ny yz nz

(1.2.13)

zn zx nx zy ny zz nz

(1.2.14)

.
1.2.2

,

.
, ( x, y, z )
x, y z
:

u u ( x, y,z )

(1.2.15)

v v( x, y,z )

(1.2.16)

z :

w w( x, y, z )

(1.2.17)

-6-

1o - i i

, dx, dy, dz ( 5, , ).

.
. .. x :

dx

xx

(1.2.18)

dx

: (),
().

,

u

Taylor dx
dx .
x

xx

u
x

yy

v
y

(1.2.20)

zz

w
z

(1.2.21)

(1.2.19)

.
Oxy ( 6),

xy

u v

yx
x y

(1.2.22)

yz zx

-7-

yz

zx

v w

zy
z y

(1.2.23)

u w

xz
z x

(1.2.24)

, 2 ,

.

xx

[ ] yx

zx

xy
yy
zy

xx
xz

1
yz yx
2
zz 1
zx
2

1
xy
2

yy
1
zy
2

xz
2

1
yz

zz

(1.2.25)

(1.2.19)-(1.2.24)
ij( x, y,z ) (i,j = x, y,z )
u, v w . ,
ij( x, y,z )
u , v, w .
. u, v
w, , ,
. ij( x, y,z )
, .
.
-8-

1o - i i

.
ij( x, y,z ),
.
(1.2.19)-(1.2.24)
.

2 xx
y 2
2 yy
z 2
2 zz
x 2

1.2.3

2 yy
x2
2 zz
y 2
2 xx
z 2

2 xy
xy

(1.2.26)

2 yz
yz

2 xz

xz

(1.2.27)
(1.2.28)

yz xz xy
2 zz

z x
y
z
xy

(1.2.29)

2 xx
xz xy yz

2
x y
z
x
yz

(1.2.30)

2 yy
xy yz xz

2
y z
x
y
xz

(1.2.31)

15 :

9 :

-9-

()
.
ij( x, y,z ),
.
6 .

.
.
.
( Hooke).
:

.
.

.
, .

.
.

.

ij kijkl kl

(1.2.32)

xx k11

yy k12
k
zz 12
xy 0

yz 0
0
zx

k12

k12

k11

k12

k12

k11

xx
yy
0
0
0

zz
0
0
0

( k11 k12 )
0
0
xy

0
( k11 k12 )
0
yz
0
0
( k11 k12 )
zx
0

- 10 -

(1.2.33)

1o - i i
k11 k12 ( )

,
E
E

G .

k11

E ( 1 )
E
, k12
,
( 1 ) ( 1 2 )
( 1 ) ( 1 2 )

k11 k12 2 G

(1.2.34)

:
G :
: Poisson (0<<0,5)

xx

E
( 1 ) xx ( yy zz )

( 1 ) ( 1 2 )

(1.2.35)

yy

E
( 1 ) yy ( zz xx )

( 1 ) ( 1 2 )

(1.2.36)

zz

E
( 1 ) zz ( xx yy )

( 1 ) ( 1 2 )

(1.2.37)

xy

E
xy
2 ( 1 )

(1.2.38)

yz

E
yz
2 ( 1 )

(1.2.39)

zx

E
zx
2 ( 1 )

(1.2.40)

xx

1
xx ( yy zz )
E

(1.2.41)

yy

1
yy ( zz xx )
E

(1.2.42)

zz

1
zz ( xx yy )
E

(1.2.43)

- 11 -

1.2.4

xy

2 ( 1 )
xy
E

(1.2.44)

yz

2 ( 1 )
yz
E

(1.2.45)

zx

2 ( 1 )
zx
E

(1.2.46)

15

15

(
). .


, .

.
1) Neumann

.
, (1.2.12)(1.2.14)

xx nx xy ny xz nz xn

- 12 -

1o - i i

yx nx yy ny yz nz yn ,

(1.2.46)

zx nx zy ny zz nz zn
2) Dirichlet

u( x, y,z ) u
v( x, y,z ) v ,

(1.2.47)

w( x, y, z ) w
3)
(x, y, z) u
v, u v .



.

.
,
.
6
6 [ (1.2.26)-(1.2.31)] (
),
(1.2.41)-(1.2.46)) ij ij.
6 6 ( xx , yy , zz , xy , yz , xz )
2

( 1 ) xx

( 1 ) 2 yy

( 1 ) 2 zz

- 13 -

2
x 2

2
y 2
2
z 2

(1.2.48)

(1.2.49)

(1.2.50)

2
0
xy

(1.2.51)

2
( 1 ) yz
0
yz

(1.2.52)

2
0
zx

(1.2.53)

( 1 ) 2 xy

( 1 ) 2 zx

xx yy zz :
2

2
x2

2
y 2

2
z 2

: Laplace

Beltrami Michel.
Neumann
ij ( x, y,z ), Beltrami
Michel (1.2.49)-(1.2.54)
(1.2.12)-(1.2.14).


u, v, w.
(1.2.2)-(1.2.4) ij ij
.
(1.2.19)-(1.2.24)
u , v , w,
, Lam

1
Px

0
1 2 x G

(1.2.54)

2v

1
Py

0
1 2 y
G

(1.2.55)

2 w

1
Pz

0
1 2 z G

(1.2.56)

2u

xx yy zz

u v w

x y z

- 14 -

1o - i i
Dirichlet
(1.2.55)-(1.2.57)

(1.2.57)

u( x, y,z ) u
v( x, y,z ) v

, ( x, y,z )

(1.2.58)
(1.2.59)

w( x, y, z ) w

Neumann
(1.2.55)-(1.2.57)

u
u v
u w
nx
ny
nz (1.2.60)

xn nx G 2

v
v w
v u
nx nx nx
z y
x y
y

yn ny G 2

(1.2.61)

w
w v
w u
nz nx ny (1.2.62)
x z
y z
z

zn nz G 2

G ( 2 G E )
:
E 3 G

G
(1.2.12)-(1.2.14)
ij ij (i, j = x, y,z )
(1.2.35)-(1.2.40) u , v , w
(1.2.19)-(1.2.24).

(1.2.61)-(1.2.63) u (1.2.58)-(1.2.60)
V.
, ,


,
:

- 15 -

()

.
, .
()
.

.

.

.

- 16 -

2o -

2 o -
2.1
,
(dx, dy, dz), (L, b,
h). Ox ().
(ij),
(Pij)

.

2.2 Euler - Bernoulli

2.2.1

Euler Bernoulli

, :

Euler - Bernoulli

()
( )( xxyy, zz yyzz 0 ).

- 17 -

, ( i,i=)
, , ( yy zz0 ).

( Ox)
, ( , = ( ) ( , , )), (

xyxz0 ,

) (

yz0 ) .
2.2.2

Euler Bernoulli

,
, :

= ( )
=

( )

2.2.3

= z(x)

= y(x)

Euler Bernoulli

15 , ,
, () :

( )

( yy)

( )

( zz)

= z 2 dA

= y 2 dA
2.2.4

yy
zz

Euler-Bernoulli,
, .
, ,
:
- 18 -

2o -

2.2.5

Euler Bernoulli
. ,

. ,
Euler Bernoulli.

2.3 Timoshenko
2.3.1

Timoshenko

Stephen Timoshenko, ,
Euler Bernoulli,
. ,
xy ( Oy) xz (
Oz).

Euler - Bernoulli Timoshenko

- 19 -

2.3.2

Timoshenko

T , :

( )

2.3.3

=
=

= ( )
=

= z(x)

2 (1 + )
2 (1 + )

= y(x)

Timoshenko

15 ,
, () :

( )

( )

A:

G:

Poisson

=
:

( yy)

( zz)

(0<<1). (

, ,
.
,
.
. , ,
- 20 -

2o -
, .
,
.

2.3.4

,
:

2.3.5

, , (G),
xy xz .

- 21 -

3 o -
3.1 (Saint-Venant)
3.1.1

()
( )( xxyy, zz yyzz 0 ).

, ( i,i=)
, , ( yy zz0 ).

( yz0 ) .

( Ox)
.
. ,

( ),
( xx0 ) ( xx 0 ).

x
( = ).
x

10

- 22 -

3o -
3.1.2

s(y,z) S .
s u(y,z)
(

= 1) :

T , :

=
=

( , )

2 (1 + )
2 (1 + )

x ()

3.1.3

s
( =0 ), :

- 23 -

3.1.4

,
:

Saint-Venant .
3.1.5

3.2
3.2.1

Saint-Venant . ,

, , .
( xx0 xx 0 )
(

= f(x) ),

.

, .

y,z ( ), x,y,z. ,

,
.

- 24 -

3o -
3.2.2

T , :

=
=

2 (1 + )

2 (1 + )

+ )+

x ()
=
( , ),
S .

u(y,z) , (

= 1)

.
= ( , , ),
S .

u(x,y,z) ,
(

= 1) .
3.2.3

,
( =0) It, Cs,
:

( Saint-Venant)

- 25 -

( )
=

Saint-Venant .

=(
=
3.2.4

( ) ,

,
:

3.2.5

- 26 -

4o -

4 o

4.1 -

. ,
EulerBernoulli,
Timoshenko (.
2).
.

11 xx

pZ
(a)
().

- 27 -

. ,
(shear lag),
(Reissner 1946,
Malcolm and Redwood 1970, Moffatt and Dowling 1975). o

( 11),

,
(.. , ) (Razaqpur and Li 1991).

(Dikaros and Sapountzakis 2013).

,
. ,
,

(Eurocode 3 part 1.5, 2004, Eurocode 4 parts 1.1, 2 2004).
,
,
,
(Ie
and Kosmatka 1992).

,
.

(Vlasov 1963, Sapountzakis and Mokos
2003b)
() ( 12).
()
, (
Timoshenko) (Mokos and Sapountzakis 2011, Tsipiras
and Sapountzakis 2012). ,
4, (.
7.2)
, .
,
,
.

- 28 -

4o -

()

()

()

()

()

()

12 (,),
(), (,)
().

,
(Higher-Order Beam Theories) (El Fatmi and Ghazouani
2011),


(Tahan et. al. 1997, Katsikadelis and Sapountzakis 2002, Gupta et. al. 2010).
,
,
, .

,
,
.
,
,
(Vlasov
1963). ,
( ),

, ,
- 29 -

.


.
, ,
.

(Hjelmstad 1987, Chang and Hijazi 1989, Koo and Cheung 1989,
Laudiero and Savoia 1990, Koo and Wu 1992, Proki 2002, Vieira et. al. 2013)

(FEM).
(Chang and Hijazi 1989, Laudiero and Savoia 1990, Proki 2002, Vieira
et. al. 2013)
.



. Park et al. (1997)

,
. El Fatmi
(2007a,b), El Fatmi and Ghazouani (2011) Ghazouani and El Fatmi (2010,
2011) St.Venant

,
. Le Corvec and Filippou (2011)

,

. Ferradi et al. (2013)


. Genoese et al. (2013)

.
.

- 30 -

4o -

()
( )( xxyy, zz yyzz 0 ).

, ( i,i=)
, , ( yy zz0 ).

( yz0 ) .

pz
py

y
mt

Y
Z

mZ
px

mY

()

m P

m P

CY

m P

CZ

C: L
S:

m S
S

S
x

C
X

j0 j
y 0

()

zC

C1

yC

E, G

CXYZ:
Sxyz:

z

13 --
(),
(b).

- 31 -

()
. ,
(), .

4.2 , ,
L , ,
yz ( 13),
, ,
E , G Poisson .
,
.

P
xz

()

()

P
P
G ZP CY
( xz
,z )

P
xx
EY , x Z )

S
()


S
( xx

P
EY ,xCY

()

S
P
G ZS CY
( xz
,z )

14
, .

- 32 -

4o -

13, CXYZ
C , yC , zC
Sxyz
(
) S
CXYZ .
/ px px (X )
X , p y p y (x ) p z p z (x)
y , z , , mt mt (x )
x , mY mY (x) , mZ mZ (x) Y , Z ,

() m P m P (x) , m S m S (x) ,
S
S
S
S

m P m P (x) m P m P (x) (. 7.3),

CY

CY

CZ

CZ

4.4.

, / .
.

P
( xx
)

.

. Cauchy

.
Timoshenko,

xn
( 14).
P
P
St.Venant ( xz
, xy
)

( 14). ,

S
xx
( 14).

,
(Dikaros and Sapountzakis 2013).

S
S
xz
, xy ( 14),

- 33 -

S
xx
. , 14

Timoshenko,

xn
. ,

S
S
xz
, xy
( 15).

P
xz

=
S
xz

()

()

P
P
G ZP CY
( xz
,z )

S
S
G ZS CY
( xz
,z )

15 (a) ()
, B.


() (Mokos and Sapountzakis 2011, Tsipiras and Sapountzakis 2012). ,
,
,
SS (Tsipiras and Sapountzakis 2012)
(

S
).
xx

Txz , Txy ,
, ,
.

( 1),
.

- 34 -

4o -

1
() ().
()
E

P
S
xy
xy
Txy

P
S

S
T
P
S
S
T
xx
xx
P ()
S ()
T
xx xy xz
xx xy xz

0
P
S

xz

xz

z
xz
S
S

()

P
S
E
E
xy
xy

P
P
S
P
S
P
P
S
S
() xx xx

xy
xz
xx xx xy xz 0

0
xz
xz
P , P
x
y
z
x
y
z
CY
C

Sxyz ,

u x, y, z u P x, y, z u S x, y, z u x Y x Z Z x Y x x SP y, z

P
P
Y x CY
CZ
z
y, z Z x
y, z x x SS y,

(4.2.1)

v x, y, z v x z x x

(4.2.1)

w x, y, z w x y x x

(4.2.1)

u , v , w

Sxyz .

uP,

uS

, . ,
v x , w x S ,
u x "" .

Y x , Z x
Y , Z , . x x , x x
- 35 -

, ,
Y x , Z x
Y , Z ,

SP y, z , SS y, z

(Dikaros and Sapountzakis 2013).

P
P
S , CY
y, z , CZ
y, z

C . ,
Z z zC , Y y yC .

(4.2.1), -
Hooke, Cauchy

xx E xx E u,Px u,Sx

P
P
E u, x Y , x Z Z , xY x, xSP E Y , xCY
Z , xCZ
x, xSS

(4.2.2)

xy G xy G v, x u, y

P
P
G ZP Z, y CY
YP Y, y CZ
xP z SP, y
,
y
,
y

P
S P
S
P
S
T S
G ZSCY
, y Y CZ , y x S , y S , y G x S , y

xz G xz G w, x u, z

P
P
G ZP Z, z CY
YP Y, z CZ
xP y SP, z
,
z
,
z

- 36 -

(4.2.2)

4o -

P
S P
S
P
S
T S
G ZS CY
, z Y CZ , z x S , z S , z G x S , z

(4.2.2)

,i i ZP w, x Y ,

YP v, x Z , xP x, x , ZS Y w, x Y , YS Z v, x Z , xS x x , x
Tx x x x,x .
(7.2.2,)
P

P
St. Venant ( xz , xy
) (El Fatmi and Ghazouani 2011),

S
S
( xz , xy
,

Txz , Txy )
. (4.2.2)
. ,
P
S P
T S
, G ZSCY
,i , G Y CZ ,i , G x S ,i (

i y , z )


( 14).
Timoshenko
. ,

(Mokos and Sapountzakis 2011, Tsipiras and
Sapountzakis 2012, Ferradi et al. 2013). ,

(El Fatmi and Ghazouani 2011, Laudiero and Savoia 1990).
,
. ,
S
S
CY
y, z , CZ
y, z , ST y, z

(4.2,) Cauchy

P
P
xx E u, x ZY , x Y Z , x x, xSP E Y , xCY
Z , xCZ
x, xSS (4.2.3)

- 37 -

P
P P
P
P
xy G ZP CY
, y Y CZ , y x z S , y

S
S S
S S
T T
G ZS CY
, y Y CZ , y x S , y G x S , y

(4.2.3)

P
P P
P
P
xz G ZPCY
, z Z CY , z x y S , z

S
S S
S S
T T
G ZS CY
, z Y CZ , z x S , z G x S , z

(4.2.3)

P
P
CY
Z CY

S
P
S
CY
CY
CY

(4.2.4,)

P
P
CZ
Y CZ

S
P
S
CZ
CZ
CZ

(4.2.4,)

SS SP SS

TS SS ST

(4.2.4,)

4.3

,

Wint Wext

(4.3.1)

Wint xx xx xy xy xz xz d V

(4.3.2)

Wext

Lat

t x u t y v t z w d F

(4.3.2)

, , t x , t y , t z

, F
V . ,

- 38 -

4o -

(4.3.3)

N xx d

M Y xx Z d

M Z xxY d

(4.3.3,)

M P xxSP d

M S xxSS d

(4.3.3,)

P
M P xxCY
d
CY

P
M P xxCZ
d

CZ

P
P
Q yP xy CZ
, y xz CZ , z d

(4.3.3,)

S
S
Q yS xy CZ
, y xz CZ , z d

(4.3.3,)

P
P
QzP xy CY
, y xz CY , z d

S
S
QzS xy CY
, y xz CY , z d (4.3.3,)

M tP xy SP, y z xz SP, z y d

M tS xy SS , y xz SS , z d

(4.3.3)

M tT xy TS , y xz TS , z d (4.3.3,)

P
P
M i ( i Y , Z ) , M i ( i SP , CY
, CZ
, SS )

(), Qi j ( i y , z j P, S )
Qi ( i y , z ).
,
- (bishear stress resultants),
. ,

M tj

( j P, S ,T ) ,

, , M t .
,
(Dikaros and Sapountzakis 2013, Park et al. 1997, Ferradi et
al. 2013)
A d

SY Z d

S Z Y d

(4.3.4,,)

I ZZ Y 2 d

IYZ YZ d

(4.3.4,,)

IYY Z 2 d

(4.3.4)

P
P
, CZ
, SS
i j d ,i, j y , z , SP , CY

(4.3.4)

P
P
, CZ
, SS
i d ,i SP , CY

Si
I ij

- 39 -

P
S
P
S
i , j SS , CY
, CY
, CZ
, CZ
, S

Dij i j d ,

I tP

y 2 z 2 zSP, y ySP,z d

(4.3.4)
(4.3.4)

, y i y , z i z i y , i z
y , z , . I P P
Ci Ci

( i Y , Z ) (. 4),
I P P , I S S
S S
S S
, . I P P
S S
CS
. (4.3.4), CXYZ
, S

( 4.4)

SY SZ S P S P S P S S 0
S

CY

CZ

(4.3.5)

IYZ IY P I Z P IY P I Z P IY S I Z S I P S 0
CZ

CY

D P

D P

S
CY CY

S
CZ CZ

D S T 0
S

(4.3.5)

(4.3.5)

(4.2.3), (4.3.3), (4.3.4) (4.3.5),

M Y EI YY Y , x

N EAu, x

CY S

CY S

CZ S

M Z EI ZZ Z , x

M P E I P P x, x I P PY , x I P P Z , x
S

CY S

CZ S

M S E I P S Y , x I P S Z , x I S S x, x
S

CZ S

S S

(4.3.6)

(4.3.6)

M P E I P P x, x I P P Y , x I P S x, x
CY

CY CY

CY S

M P E I P P x, x I P P Z , x I P S x, x
CZ

CZ CZ

Q yP GD P

P
CZ CZ

- 40 -

CZ S

YP

(4.3.6,,)

(4.3.6)

(4.3.6)
(4.3.6)

4o -

QyS G DS

S
S Y

CZ CZ

S
S x

CZ S

D S

Q zP GD P

P
CY CY

QzS G DS

S
CY CY

T
S x

CZ S

D S

ZP

ZS D S

S
CY S

(4.3.6)

xS D S

T
CY S

Tx

M tP GItP xP GItP x, x

M tS G D S S xS D S

S
CZ S

M tT G DT T Tx D S
S

T
CZ S

(4.3.6)

(4.3.6)
(4.3.6)

YS D S

S
CY S

YS D S

T
CY S

ZS

ZS

(4.3.6)
(4.3.6)

(4.3.6),
(4.3.5) ,
,
(Dong et al. 2013),

.
.
P
P
GDii ( i CY
) ZP YP
, CZ

,
imoshenko. , GAiP ( i Z , Y )
S
S
. , GDii ( i CY
)
, CZ

GAiS ( i Z , Y ). ,
GDii ( i SS , TS ) (Mokos and
Sapountzakis 2011)
GI tS , GI tT , . ,
,
.
(4.2.3),
(4.3.3)
(4.3.1),

N ,x p x

- 41 -

(4.3.7)

Q y , x p y
M Z , x Q y mZ
M P

CZ

,x

Q Ty m P

Qz , x p z

(4.3.7,)

M Y , x Qz mY

(4.3.7,)

M P

CZ

CY

,x

Q Tz m P

M P , x M tS M tT m P

M t , x mt

(4.3.7,)

CY

M S , x M tT m S

(4.3.7,)

t x , t y , t z

pi x ti d s,i x, y, z

(4.3.8)

mt x t z y t y zd s

(4.3.8)

mY x t x Z d s

mZ x t xY d s

(4.3.8,)

P
P
mi x t x i d s ,i SP , CY
, CZ
, SS

(4.3.8)

(4.3.6),
(4.3.7)

(4.3.9)

EAu,xx p x

G AYP AYS

v,xx Z ,x GAYSZ ,x G D
GDT

T
CZ S

G AZP AZS

S
S
CZ S

T
CY S

S
CZ S

D S

T
CZ S

x, x

S
S
CY S

x, xx

(4.3.9)
D S

T
CY S

x, x

x , x pz

EI ZZ Z , xx G AYP AYS

G D S

T
CZ S

x, x p y

w,xx Y ,x GAZSY ,x G D
GD S

D S

x, xx

(4.3.9)

v,x Z GAYSZ

x, x GDS

- 42 -

T
CZ S

x mZ

(4.3.9)

4o -

EIYY Y , xx G AZP AZS

G D S

S
CY S

D S

T
CY S

w,x Y GAZSY

x, x GD S

T
CY S

(4.3.9)

x mY

E I P P x, xx I P P Z , xx I P S x, xx GAYS Z v, x Z
CZ S

CZ CZ

G D S

CZ S

D S

S
CZ S

T
CZ S

x, x GD S

T
CZ S

(4.3.9)

x m P

CZ

E I P P x, xx I P P Y , xx I P S x, xx GAZS Y w, x Y
CY S

CY CY

G D S

CY S

D S

S
CY S

T
CY S

x, x GD S

T
CY S

(4.3.9)

x m P

CY

G I tP I tS I tT x , xx G I tS I tT x , x GI tT x , x

G D S

S
CZ S

D S

T
CZ S

Z ,x

v, xx Z , x G D S

S
CY S

D S

T
CY S

Y , x w, xx Y , x mt

(4.3.9)

E I P P x, xx I P PY , xx I P P Z , xx G ItS ItT x x, x GI tT x
S

CY S

G D S

S
CZ S

CZ S

D S

T
CZ S

v, x Z G D S

S
CY S

D S

T
CY S

Y w, x Y m P
S

E I P S Y , xx I P S Z , xx I S S x, xx GI tT x x x, x
CY S

CZ S

S S

- 43 -

(4.3.9)

GD S

T
CZ S

Z v,x Z GD

S
T
CY S

Y w,x Y m

S
S

(4.3.9)

(4.3.9)
,

a1u 2 Nb 3

1v 2Vby 3

1Y 2 M bY 3

1 Z 2 M bZ 3

1 Z 2 M b P 3

(4.3.10,)

1Y 2 M b P 3

(4.3.10,)

CY

CZ

1 x 2 M b P 3

1 x 2 M bt 3

1w 2Vbz 3 (4.3.10,,)

1 x 2 M b S 3 (4.3.10,,)
S

( x 0, L ), Nb , Vby , Vbz , M bZ , M bY ,

M b P , M b P , M bt , Mb P , Mb S (4.3.6),
CZ

CY

. , k , k , k ,k k , k ,k , k , k ,k
( k 1, 2,3 ) ( x 0, L ).
(4.3.10)
, .
(, ,
, )
, (..
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 ,

2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

2 3 2 3 0 ).

,

(4.2.2) (4.2.3), (4.3.3), (4.3.4)
S
S
P
P
CY
, CZ
, TS CY
, CZ
, SS , ,

(4.3.6)-(4.3.10).

P
P
, CZ
, SCY ,
4.4 CY

SCZ

P
P
S
S
CY
, CZ
, CY
, CZ

( ) .
- 44 -

4o -

(

),

xx , x xy , y xz , z 0 , x 0, L

(4.4.1)

xn xy n y xz n z 0 , x 0, L

(4.4.1)

n y , nz
n ( 13) y , z , .
P
Ci
( i Y ,Z )

S
S
(4.2.3) ( xy
, xz
)
S
( xx
).

St.Venant,
P
P
P
xy
, xz
( xx
) ( 1). ,

(4.4.1), (4.3.6,,,),
(4.3.7,) mi 0 ( i Y , Z )

,

P
2 CY
Z , x 0, L

(4.4.2)

P
CY
,n 0 , x 0, L

(4.4.2)

P
2 CZ
Y , x 0, L

(4.4.2)

P
CZ
, n 0 , x 0, L

(4.4.2)

P
P
P
P
CY
, CZ
,
IYY AZP CY
I ZZ AYP CZ

,n

n (
P
). Ci
( i Y ,Z )

(4.4.2), AiP ( i Y ,Z
) (4.3.4)

- 45 -

AYP

I ZZ 2

AZP

D P

P
CZ CZ

IYY 2

(4.4.3,)

D P

P
CY CY

P
, Ci
( i Y ,Z )

,
(4.2.4,). (4.2.4,) (4.4.3)
P
Gauss-Green, Ci
( i Y ,Z )

P
Ci
, i

P
Ci

i CiP d 0 ,

( i Y ,Z )

.
((Dikaros and Sapountzakis 2013, El Fatmi and Ghazouani 2011, Ferradi et al.
2013, Genoese et al. 2013),

.
4.2,
S
, Ci

S
S
( i Y ,Z ) xy
, xz
.
S
Ci
( i Y ,Z ),

S
P
xx
Ci
( i Y ,Z )

S
S
xy
, xz
(4.4.1) (Mokos and Sapountzakis 2011, Ferradi et al.

2013).

S
P
Ci
, ( i Y ,Z ) , x 0, L
2
Ci

(4.4.4)

S 0 , x 0, L

Ci ,n

(4.4.4)

QiP QiS ( i z, y ),
S
Ci
( i Y , Z ),

D P S
Ci

Ci

CiP CiS d 0 .

S
Ci
( i Y ,Z )
S
S
CY
CY

ZCY

S
S
CZ
CZ

YCZ

- 46 -

(4.4.5)

4o -

Ci ( i Y ,Z )
CY

D P

S
CY CY

DZ P

I P P

CY CY

CZ

AZP

CY

D P

S
CZ CZ

DY P

CZ

I P P

CZ CZ

AYP

(4.4.6)

, (4.3.6,,,)
( ),
(4.3.7,) m P 0 ( i Y , Z )
Ci

S
CY
I P P

S
,
AZS CY

CY CY

S
CZ
I P P

CZ CZ

S
. ,
AYS CZ

AiS ( i Y ,Z )
(4.3.4)

AYS

P P
CZ
CZ

AZS

D S

S
CZ CZ

P P
CY
CY

D S

(4.4.7)

S
CY CY

4.5 SP , SS , TS
,
(4.4.1)
.
P
P
SP xy
, xz

3 ( St. Venant
)
2SP 0 , x 0, L

(4.5.1)

SP,n zn y ynz , x 0, L

(4.5.1)

SP

, S ,
1, 2
(Sapountzakis and Mokos 2003).

, SS

- 47 -

P
xx
SP

S
S
xy
, xz
(4.4.1).

2 SS SP , x 0, L

(4.5.2)

SS ,n 0

(4.5.2)

, x 0, L

SS I P P ItS SS . (7.3.4),
S

I tS

ItS

I P P
S

(4.5.3)

D S S
S

SS (4.2.4).
,
TS
S
xx
(

T
SS ) xy , Txz

(4.4.1)
TS SS , x 0, L
2

T 0

S ,n

, x 0, L

(4.5.4)
(4.5.4)

,
M tS

M tT , ST

D S T
S

SS TS d . ,

T
S

T C P P
TS
S
S

(4.5.5)

C P
S

D S T
S

D S P
S S

- 48 -

I S S
S S

ItS

(4.5.6)

4o -

TS I S S ItT TS . , (4.3.4),
S S

I tT

I tT

I S S
S S

DT T
S

(4.5.7)

(4.4.2), (4.4.4),
(4.5.1), (4.5.2), (4.5.4) ,
i d s 0 , ( i P , S , P , S T , j Y ,Z ) (Muskhelishvili 1963)

,n

Cj

Cj

. , (4.4.2),
(4.4.4), (4.5.1), (4.5.2), (4.5.4) Neumann,

.

5 (Sapountzakis and Mokos 2003).

- 49 -

5 o -

5.1
5.1.1

,
,
.
5.1.2

(. ),
.
, .
,
, :
{ } = [ ]{ }

(5.1.1)

{ }
, { }
, [ ]
.

16 ,
Euler-Bernoulli (Saint-Venant)[ 1212]
- 50 -

5o -

17
( 2020)
5.1.3

,
(5.1.1),
{ } ,
{ } , [ ]

.
5.1.4

,
, ,
.
, . ,
Euler Bernoulli,
:

i = y, z,

j=z, y

- 51 -

(5.1.2)

6 o
6.1
6.1.1

(= 210GPa, v= 0.3) ,
(
ux, uy, uz) ( 18),
RHS500X300X20 ( 19), o ,
10 /m
1m/m.

Euler-Bernoulli Timoshenko,
(solid elements).
astran v.8.5 FEMAP for Windows v11.0.1.
Euler-Bernoulli Timoshenko,
30 (10 ),

131.262 , , (solid elements).
, ,
, ,
500 .

.

- 52 -

6o

18
6.1.2

RHS 500X300X20

RHS 500X300X20, b=300mm, h=500mm 20mm
( 19),
( 2).

19 RHS500X300X20

- 53 -

2 RHS500X300X20

Iyy
Izz
Ay
Az
It
Cs

6.1.3

3.03340 -2
1.01042 -3
4.49194 E-4
8.94076 E-3
1.82493 E-2
9.80216 E-4
9.03594E-7

m2
m4
m4
m2
m2
m4
m6

8.94667 E-7

m6

2.85448 E-6

m4

1.48675 E-7

m4

-7.57998 E-9

m5

7.80773 E-10

m5

-4.27323 E-10

m5

-5.82498 E-10

m5

3.14321 E-8

m6

Euler-Bernoulli
,
,
,
( 20 21).

- 54 -

6o

[m]
0
-0.00002

w(x) [m]

-0.00004
-0.00006
-0.00008
-0.0001
-0.00012
-0.00014
-0.00016

FEM-131.262 solid elements (hexa, 8-noded)

Bernoulli BT
Timoshenko BT
GWBT
20 w(x) ,

[m]
0

v(x) [m]

-0.00005

-0.0001
-0.00015
-0.0002
-0.00025
-0.0003
-0.00035
-0.0004
-0.00045

FEM-131.262 solid elements (hexa, 8-noded)

Bernoulli BT
Timoshenko BT
GWBT
21 v(x) ,

- 55 -

[m]

-0.00007
u(x) [m]

-0.00006
-0.00005
-0.00004
-0.00003
-0.00002
-0.00001

0.5

1.5

2.5

FEM-131.262 solid elements (hexa, 8-noded)

Bernoulli BT
Timoshenko BT
GWBT
22 u(x) ,

[m]
0
v(x) [m]

0.5

1.5

2.5

-0.00005
-0.0001
-0.00015
-0.0002
-0.00025
-0.0003

FEM-131.262 solid elements (hexa, 8-noded)

Bernoulli BT
Timoshenko BT
GWBT
23 v(x) ,

( 24 27),
.
,

- 56 -

6o
(
x, y, z, x ) ( ) .

24 xP

25 yP ( y)
xP

- 57 -

26 zP ( z)

27 xS

- 58 -

6o

()

Euler Bernoulli Timoshenko,

, ,
.
,
( 28). ,
,
.
, ,
, Euler-Bernoulli
37%,

11% ( 28).

28

- 59 -

max[MPa]

4
3
2
1
0
-1

ux

yy

zz

nx

ny

nz

xx -0.34946 3.46621 0.222543 0.596707 0.829138 -0.00276 0.13961

29 max=4.90MPa,

30

- 60 -

6o

31

6.2
6.2.1

, (= 32GPa,
v= 0.2), ( 32), (
33), , 50 /m
600
.

:
= 80
= 20 (4

+ 4 ),

t [0 , 1]

Euler-Bernoulli Timoshenko,
(solid elements).
astran v.8.5 FEMAP for Windows v11.0.1.

- 61 -

Euler-Bernoulli Timoshenko,
60 ,
85.317 ,
, (solid elements).



.

Pz= 600.0 KN D

h1=20.0 m

15.0 m

l2=20.0 m

15.0 m

l2=20.0 m
l1=80.0 m

32
6.2.2

,
15,20. 3,45 ( 33),
( 3).

- 62 -

6o

33

1.12800000E+01
1.86582458E+01
1.69128155E+02
6.77123923E+00
2.51949388E+00
4.27703700E+01
6.28917900+01

m2
m4
m4
m2
m2
m4
m6

5.93901373E+01

m6

1.03406453E+00

m4

3.31586366E+00

m4

1.91801014E-02

m5

-2.52900456E+00

m5

4.30514488E-03

m5

3.60455513E+00

m5

1.05797152E+01

m6

Iyy
Izz
Ay
Az
It
Cs

- 63 -

6.2.3

Euler-Bernoulli
,
,
,
( 34 36).
[m]

0
0

20

40

60

80

w(x) [m]

-0.005
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
-0.03

FEM-85.317 solid elements (tetra, 10-noded)

Bernoulli BT
Timoshenko BT
GWBT

34 w(x) ,

[m]

x(x) [rad]

-0.0001 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

-0.0002
-0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0005
-0.0006
-0.0007
-0.0008
-0.0009
FEM-85.317 solid elements (tetra, 10-noded)
Bernoulli BT
Timoshenko BT
GWBT

35 x(x),

- 64 -

6o
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- 65 -

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. (2013), , ,
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