The Muscular System

10/26/2015
Naming Muscles
Chapter 11
Location
tibialis anterior
The Muscular
System
LectureslidespreparedbyCurtisDeFriez,WeberStateUniversity
Tibialis anterior
Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Naming Muscles
Naming Muscles
Size
gluteus maximus
Location/Direction of Fibers
Number of Attachments
o
transversus abdominus
biceps; triceps
Naming Muscles
Naming Muscles
Muscle action
levator scapulae
Hyoid
bone
Styloid
process
adductor magnus
tensor tympani
Attachments
Levatorscapulae
(origin & insertion)

o
stylohyoid;
sternocleidomastoid
10/26/2015
Naming Muscles
Origins and Insertions

Muscles produce movement by exerting force on
Combination of above
Fibularis longus
tendons which in turn pull on bones and other

supporting structures like the skin.
In order to produce movement around a joint, one bone
must be stationary while another bone moves.
The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary,
usually proximal bone, is called the origin.

Biceps:
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radius
Action: pronate and
flex the arm
Insertion
of the
long head
of the
biceps
Triceps:
Origin:
Scapula near shoulder joint
Upper lateral and posterior sites
of humerus
Posterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Back of olecranon
process of ulna
Action: Straighten (extend) the
arm
Musculoskeletal Levers
Muscles, tendons, bones, and joints can form three
different types of levers in the body.
There are few first-class levers
in the body
When producing movement, bones act as levers, and

joints function as the fixed point
of movement called the fulcrum.
In a lever, the point of movement
(fulcrum) is acted on by two
different forces: Effort and load.
10/26/2015
Second class levers always provide a distinct mechanical
Third-class levers are the most common and favor
advantage in producing force.
speed and range of motion over maximum force.
Like a pry bar
Coordination Among Muscles
Movements are often the result of several skeletal muscles
The antagonist stretches and yields to the effects of the
acting as a group.
prime mover.
Most skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing
In flexing the forearm at
(antagonistic) pairs at joints.
the elbow, the brachialis
Within opposing pairs, the prime mover or agonist
is the prime mover or
(the leader) is the muscle primarily responsible for
agonists, and the triceps
causing the desired movement.
brachii is the antagonist.
Major Skeletal Muscles

Synergists are muscles used to prevent unwanted
Learn the origin, insertion and action of the major skeletal
movements at intermediate joints, or otherwise aid the
muscles of the body as directed by your instructor.

Some of the more common muscles of the head and neck
movement of the prime mover.

The biceps acts synergistically with the brachialis.
Fixator muscles are a type of synergist muscle that are
used to steady the proximal joints of a prime mover.
Shoulder stabilizers for the forearm flexors
include:
Orbicularis oris
Extraocular muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus abdominus
External oblique
10/26/2015

The muscles of facial expression move skin rather than
Muscles that move the mandible (lower jaw)

Also called muscles of mastication
bones around a joint.

Orbicularis oris
Masseter
Action: Closes and
Origin: Maxilla and
protrudes lips for kissing
zygomatic arch
Origin: Surrounding the
Insertion: Mandible
opening of the mouth
Action: Closes the
Insertion: The skin at the
Orbicularis
oris
corner of the mouth
Masseter
mouth

The Extraocular muscles

Muscles that move the head
3 pair give each eye very
Sternocleidomastoid (commonly abbreviated as SCM)
precise movement
Origin: Clavicle and sternum
Origin: Back of the orbit
Insertion: Mastoid
Insertion: Different parts
process of temporal bone
of the eyeball
Action: Flex and
Action: Precise and rapid
rotate the head
movement of the eyes
Sternocleidomastoid

Some of the more common muscles that originate on the
trunk include:

Muscles that move the pectoral girdle (shoulder)
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis major and
Pectoralis minor
Origin: Clavicle and
Origin: Ribs 35
Anterior abdominal
sternum
Insertion: Coracoid
muscle group
Insertion: Proximal
process of the scapula
Latissimus dorsi
humerus
Action: Internally rotates
Biceps brachii
Action: Adducts and
the shoulder
Diaphragm
medially rotates the
Trapezius
arm at the shoulder joint
minor
Deltoid
10/26/2015
Deltoid Muscle
Trapezius
Origin: Lateral clavicle and upper scapula
Origin: Occipital bone and
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
cervical spine
Deltoid
Trapezius
on the shaft of the humerus
Insertion: Clavicle, scapula and
Action: Abducts, flexes, and
lower thoracic vertebrae
medially rotates the upper arm
Action: Supports the arm and
at the shoulder joint
moves the scapula up, down,

in, and out
Anterior abdominal wall
Latissimus dorsi
Rectus abdominis
Origin: Pubic bone
Origin: Thoracic and lumbar
Insertion: Ribs and sternum
vertebrae and the iliac bone
External oblique
Insertion: Mid-humerus
Origin: Ribs 512
Action: Drives arm inferiorly
and posteriorly (the
Insertion: Iliac crest and
Latissimus
dorsi
linea alba
swimmers muscle)
Actions: Flexes vertebral column

and compresses abdomen

Some of the more common muscles of the extremities
The main muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm.
include:
Origin: Inferior 6 ribs

(anteriorly) and lumbar
Triceps brachii
Quadriceps group: Rectus
vertebrae (posteriorly)
Brachioradialis
femoris, along with the vastus
Thenar muscles
lateralis, vastus intermedius,
Hypothenar muscles
and vastus medialis
Gluteus maximus
Tibialis anterior
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius
Insertion: Central
tendon
Diaphragm
Central
tendon
Soleus
10/26/2015
Muscles that move the Radius and Ulna
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Brachialis
Origin: Distal anterior
Origin: Scapula and posterior surface of humerus
surface
Insertion: Olecranon
of humerus
process of ulna
Insertion: Ulna
Action: Extends
supinates forearm at
Action: Flexor of forearm
forearm at elbow
elbow joint and flexes
at elbow
joint and arm
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radius
Action: Flexes and
at shoulder joint
arm at shoulder joint

Muscles that move the wrist, hand, thumb,
Brachioradialis
and finger
Origin: Humerus
Thenar: lateral aspect of palm
Insertion: Distal radius
Hypothenar: medial aspect of palm
Action: Supinates the forearm
Action: Oppose thumb
at the radioulnar joint
against other 4 fingers
Thenar
Hypothenar

Muscles that move the femur
and fibula
Gluteus maximus
Quadricep group (Rectus femoris,
Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum,
vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius,
and coccyx
Insertion: Femur
Action: Extends and

Muscles that move the femur, tibia,
and vastus medialis)

Gluteus
maximus
Origin: Iliac spine and proximal

femur
laterally rotates thigh at hip
Insertion: Patella and proximal tibia
joint
Action: Flexes thigh at high joint

and extends leg at knee joint
10/26/2015
Muscles that move the
Muscles that move the femur, tibia,
femur, tibia, and fibula
and fibula
Hamstring group: (Biceps
Tibialis anterior
femoris,
Origin: Tibia
Semitendinosus, and
Insertion: First cuneiform
Semimembranosus)
and first metatarsal
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Action: Dorsiflexes and
Insertion: Proximal tibia
inverts the foot
and fibula
Muscles that plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint

(standing on tip toes)
Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
function as one often called the
gastrocsoleus muscle
Origin: Femur, capsule of
knee, and head of fibula
Insertion: Calcaneus by way
of calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
Imbalances of Homeostasis
Exercise-induced muscle damage
After intense exercise, electron micrographs reveal
considerable muscle damage including torn
sarcolemmas and disrupted Z-discs.
Blood levels of proteins normally confined only to
muscle (including myoglobin and the enzyme, creatine
kinase) increase as they are released from damaged
muscle.
10/26/2015
Spasm
Disease States and Disorders
A sudden involuntary contraction of a single muscle

within a large group of muscles usually painless
Fibrosis (myofibrosis)
Replacement
of muscle fibers by excessive amounts
of connective tissues (fibrous scar tissue)
Cramp
Involuntary and often painful muscle contractions
Caused by inadequate blood flow to muscles (such as in
dehydration), overuse and injury, and abnormal blood
Myosclerosis
Hardening
of the muscle caused by calcification
Both myosclerosis and muscle fibrosis occur as a result

of trauma and various metabolic disorders.
electrolyte levels
End of Chapter 11
Copyright 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Aging
In part due to decreased levels of physical activity,
with aging, humans undergo a slow, progressive loss of
skeletal muscle mass that is replaced largely by fibrous
Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted

in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without
express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request
for further information should be addressed to the Permission
connective tissue and adipose tissue.
Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make
Muscle strength at 85 is about half that at age 25.
back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution
Compared to the other two fiber types, the relative
or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors,
number of slow oxidative fibers appears to increase.
omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or

from the use of the information herein.

The Muscular System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Muscular System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

10/26/2015

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

(origin & insertion)

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Origins and Insertions

tendons which in turn pull on bones and other

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Origins and Insertions

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Origins and Insertions

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

When producing movement, bones act as levers, and

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Second class levers always provide a distinct mechanical

Third-class levers are the most common and favor

advantage in producing force.

speed and range of motion over maximum force.

Like a pry bar

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Coordination Among Muscles

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Coordination Among Muscles

Movements are often the result of several skeletal muscles

The antagonist stretches and yields to the effects of the

Most skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing

In flexing the forearm at

(antagonistic) pairs at joints.

the elbow, the brachialis

Within opposing pairs, the prime mover or agonist

is the prime mover or

(the leader) is the muscle primarily responsible for

agonists, and the triceps

causing the desired movement.

brachii is the antagonist.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Major Skeletal Muscles

Coordination Among Muscles

Learn the origin, insertion and action of the major skeletal

movements at intermediate joints, or otherwise aid the

muscles of the body as directed by your instructor.

movement of the prime mover.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Major Skeletal Muscles

Major Skeletal Muscles

Muscles that move the mandible (lower jaw)

bones around a joint.

Action: Closes and

Origin: Maxilla and

protrudes lips for kissing

Origin: Surrounding the

opening of the mouth

Action: Closes the

Insertion: The skin at the

corner of the mouth

Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Major Skeletal Muscles