255-22-1

IEC

Tiu chun
IEC
quc t
255-22-1

xut bn ln th nht
1988

R le in
Phn 22 :

Th nghim nh hng
ca nhiu in n r le
o lng v r le bo v

on 1 : Th nghim
sng dao ng tt dn 1MHz

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IEC

Mc lc
Li ni u
Li ta

1.Phm vi p dng v mc tiu............................................

2. nh ngha..................................................................
3. Th nghim sng dao ng tt dn 1 MHz.................
3.1. Cc cp nghim ngt tiu chun i vi th nghim
3.2 Cc iu kin th nghim...........................................
3.3 Th tc th nghim....................................................
3.4.Cc tiu chun nghim thu........................................

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IEC

u ban k thut in quc t

cc th nghim v nh hng nhiu in

n cc rle o lng v cc thit b bo v
1 MHz

Phn 1: Cc th nghim v sng dao ng tt dn

Li ni u

1,Cc quyt nh v tho c chnh thc ca IEC, lin quan n cc vn

k thut do cc u ban k thut son tho ,trong c cc i din ca u ban quc
gia c bit quan tm n cc vn ny ,th hin mt s nht tr quc t cao
nht v cc vn xem xt
2.Cc quyt nh ny l cc khuyn ngh quc t c cc u ban quc
gia tha nhn nh l quyt nh ca mnh .
3.Vi mc dch khuyn khch v thc y s thng nht quc t ,IEC mong
mun rng tt c cc u ban quc gia, tha nhn vn bn ca khuyn ngh quc t
v a vo cc lut l quc gia, trong mc m cc iu kin quc gia cho php .
Mi s khc bit gia khuyn ngh ca IEC v lut l quc gia tng ng ,trong mc
c th , phi c ch r bng cc thut ng r rng trong cc tiu chun quc
gia.

Li ta
Tiu chun ny do tiu bn 41B son tho :Rle o lng v thit b bo
v.
Vn bn ca tiu chun ny da trn cc ti liu sau y
Th h 6 thng Bo co v b Th
tc
mt
phiu
thngmt
41B (BC) 30

41B (BC) 31

41B (BC) 33

2 Bo co v b
phiu
41B (BC) 34

Cc bo co v b phiu cho trong bng trn y nu ra mi

thng tin v b phiu dn vi vic chun y tiu chun ny.
Cc n phm sau y ca IEC c nu ln trong tiu chun ny
n phm s 50 (446) (1983) Thut ng k thut in quc t (IEV)
Chng 446 :Rle in
255 - 5 (1977) Rle in .Phn 5: Th nghim cch in cc
rle in
255 - 6 (1978) Rle in : Phn 6: Rle o lng c nhiu
i lng
cung cp u vo

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IEC

Cc th nghim v nh hng ca nhiu in

n cc Rle o lng v thit b bo v
Phn 1 : Th nghim sng dao ng tt dn 1 MHz

1.Phm vi p dng v mc tiu

Mc tiu ca tiu chun ny l nh r cc qui nh k thut chung
i vi th nghim v nh hng in n cc rle o lng v cc
thit b bo v tnh
Khi xt ra thythch hp ,cc th nghim ny cng c th tin hnh
cho cc rle c in , v d nh cc rle tc ng nhanh hoc rle c
nhy cao
Cc quy nh ny ch c p dngcho rle v thit b ang cn
mi
Cc th nghim nu trong tiu chun ny u l cc th nghim
mu .Mc tiu ca chun ny l xy dng:
1,nh ngha cc thut ng c dng
2,Cc cp nghim ngt tiu chun dng cho cc th nghim
3,Cc iu kin th nghim
4,Cc th tc th nghim
5,Cc tiu chun nghim thu
2. nh ngha
Vi cc thut ng chung khng c nh ngha trong tiu chun
ny ,cn tham kho chng 446 thut ng k thut in quc t ca
IEC (IEV).n phm s 50(446) IEC.Cc nh ngha sau y p dng
cho tiu chun ny
2.1.in p kiu chung
in p o c gi tp hp cc dy dn ti mt im cho,
v mt mc bt k(thng thng l t)
2.2.in p kiu so lch
in p o c gia hai dy dn ca cng mt mch ti mt im
cho.

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IEC

2.3.in p nh hng
in p k sinh ,c th gy nn cc thay i trong cc cch thc
hin ,gy nn ph hoi cc thnh phn ,hoc gy nn chp mch cch in
3. Th nghim sng dao ng tt dn 1 MHz
3.1. Cc cp nghim ngt tiu chun i vi th nghim

xt n cc iu kin s dng khc nhau ,tiu chun ny qui

nh cc cp nghim ngt khc nhau .in p th nghim l in p ca
nh in p u tin do my pht th nghim cung cp khi my
h mch . Mt bn hng dn chung v la chn cp (mc )
nghim ngt cho mc 3.1.2 di y:
3.1.1 Cp nghim ngt i vi th nghim
Tu theo mc nghim ngt, in p th nghim cn c chn
trong cc gi tr sau y:
Cp I
Cp II
Cp III
Khng th nghim
Kiu chung
OV
1kV
2,5kV
Kiu so lch
OV
0,5kV
1 kV
Trong cc trng hp c bit , cng mt gi tr c th c quy nh
cho c hai kiu chung v so lch.
3.1.2 Khuyn ngh v vic chn cp nghim ngt
Cp nghim ngt phi c la chn sao cho gi tr mong i ca
in p nh hng khng vt qu gi tr ca in p th nghim
Mt rle hoc thit b ba v c th thuc cc cp nghim ngt
khc nhau ,i vi cc mch cung cp u vo ,mch cung cp ph v mch ra ca n
Cc v d sau y dng lm hng dn cho vic la chn cp
nghim ngt (cn xem ph lc A)
Cp I(khng c th nghim )
Cc rle v thit b bo v thuc cp ny c s dng trong mt
mi trng khng c in p nh hng
Cp II
Cc rle v thit b bo v thuc cp ny c th s dng khi:

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IEC

a,Cc mch ph cung cp cho rle hoc thit b bo v ni vo mt

ngun ph ch dng cung cp cho cc thit b tnh . Cc dy cung
cp u ngn v khng c chuyn mch trn cc mch khc ni vi cng
ngun ny .
b,Cc mch cung cp u vo khng ni trc tip vo cc my bin
dng v / hoc my bin in p hoc l khi cc mn chn hu hiu
v cc ch ni t u c s dng trn cc dy ni
c, Cc dy ni gia cc mch u ra v ti ca chng u ngn
d, Thng thng khng i hi mt th nghim nh hng no ,nhng
mun c mt an ton cao
Cp III
Cc rle v thit b bo v thuc cp III phi c dng khi:
a, Cc mch ph cung cp u ni vo c quy ca trm v.v...Cc c quy
ny khng ch c dng cung cp cho thit b tnh
V c di l ln,cc mch ni ngun cung cp c th t di cc
in p nh hng c gi tr tng i ln theo kiu chungv kiu so
lch,gy nn bi cc s chuyn mch trn cc mch khc c ni vi cng
mt ngun cung cp
b, Cc mch cung cp u vo ni trc tip vi cc my bin dng v /
hoc my bin in p bng cc dy dn c di ln ,khng c mn
chn ,cng khng c ni t hu hiu
c,Cc mch ra u ni vi ti bng nhng dy ni c di ln n
ni c th xut hin cc in p c gi tr tng i ln kiu chung
v kiu so lch ,gy nn bi trng in t v / hoc bi s mt i xng
cch in so vi t
d,Trong cc trng hp m cp II xt ra nhng ngi ta mun c
mt cp an ton cao hn
3.2 Cc iu kin th nghim

3.2.1 cc c tnh ca in p th nghim

Dng sng:
Mt sng dao ng tt dn ,m ng bao gim t 50% ca gi tr
nh gia chu k ba v chu k su

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IEC

- Tn s 1MHz vi dung sai 10%

- Nhp lp li
Sng c t vo rle cn th nghim, theo nhp t 6 n 10 ln
mt chu k ca tn s li v khng c ng b ti tn s ny
-Thi gian ln ca nh u tin
75ns 20% do gia 10% v 90% gi tr nh
-Gi tr ca in p th nghim
Tu theo cp nghim ngt (xem mc 3.1) dung sai l :-10%. chnh
xc ca cc thng s trn y phi c duy tr trong sut thi gian
lm th nghim
3.2.2 My pht th nghim
My pht th nghim c ni theo hnh 1 phi c cc c tnh sau
y:
-Tng tr ca ngun :200 in tr 1MHz ,dung sai l 20%
-Mch tip v ca my pht trc tip ni vi t
3.2.3.Cc mch th nghim
- My pht tn s cao v cc mch ni :cc mch th nghim tiu chun
c khuyn ngh cho cc hnh 2,3,4a,4b,
- Cc y ni th nghim : cc dy ni cn thit i vi th nghim
khng c vt qu 2m
3.3 Th tc th nghim

3.3.1 Th nghim phi c tin hnh trn rle trong cc iu kin

chun ch dn trong tiu chun c p dng(ngha l n phm
255-6 IEC)
3.3.2 Th nghim phi c tin hnh vi cc gi tr sau y ca i
lng cung cp (u vo v ph)v vi ti t vo cc mch thch hp.
-i lng cung cp ph : Cc gi tr nh mc
-i lng cung cp u vo :Bng gi tr vn hnh c chnh thm ho
c bt i mt lng bng bin thin c cng b(xem mc 3.3.6
v mc 3.4). bin thin ny l do in p ,nh hng hoc cc gi tr
nh mc gy nn khi iu l thch hp(v d rle tn s)

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IEC

Ti cc mch ra :c tnh cc mch phi nh cc c tnh m nh ch to

quy nh
3.3.3 Rle hoc thit b bo v phi c th nghim trong hp c
np ti ch ,tt c cc phn dng ni vi t,phi c ni :
in p th nghim phi c t vo cc im thch hp ca hpt
bn ngoic th i ti nh sau
a,Gia mi mch c lp vi t (kiu chung) ni theo hnh 2
b,Gia mi mch c lp v tt c cc mch c lp khc cng ni vi
t ,khi iu ny c th dng (kiu chung) ni theo hnh 3
c,Gia cc cc ca cng mt mch ,khi iu c th dng (kiu so
lch) ni theo hnh 4a v 4b
Cc mch c lp l cc mch do nh ch to ch dn .Vic th nghim
theo im b ,ch bt buc vi cc rle.Vic mt thit b c coi nh
l mt rle hoc nh l mt thit b bo v v khong cc th nghim
thc hin phi c xc nh sau khi c tho thun gi
nh ch to v bn s dng theo cc tiu chun quc gia.
Vic th nghim theo im c, khng thc hin cho cc mch cha cc
tip im kim loi , nhng phi thc hin cho cc mch ra thuc cc loi
khc .Trong cc trng hp ny ti ca mch phi tng ng vi cc iu
kin bt li nht do nh ch to quy nh.
Khi trong cng mt rle hoc thit b bo v c cc mch cung cp
(u vo v ph ) v cc mch ra thuc cc cp nghim ngt khc
nhau ,cc th nghim theo im c, c p dng cho mi mch in p
th nh mc ca n do cp nghim ngt di hi tt c mi th
nghim kiu chung phi c thc hin theo cp nghim ngt cao nht
trn cc mch rle hoc thit b bo v ,tr khi nh ch to cng b
ngc li
3.3.4.Cc th nghim phi c thc hin v cc hu qu cn c kim
tra ring r cho mi th nghim
3.3.5. Cc th nghim phi c thc hin trong thi gian l 2s vi sai s
+ 10%
Vi cc rle v thi gian tc ng ln hn 2s khuyn ngh rng
cc th nghim cn c thc hin vi s iu chnh thi gian nh
nht trong cc trng hp nh vy thi gian t tn hiu nhiu lon c th
ko di sau khi c tho thun gia nh ch to v bn s dng vi mc
ch th thi gian cc tiu

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3.3.6 S bin thin pht sinh bi in p nh hng phi do nh ch to

cng b
3.4.Cc tiu chun nghim thu.

3.4.1.Rle khng c tc ng trong thi gian nhiu lon khi m i

lng c tnh dt vo cn thp hn(vi cc rle loi cc i hay c gii hnh trn) hoc cao hn (vi cc rle cc tiu hay c gii hn di )gi tr
hiu chnh mt lng bng s bin thin do nh ch to cng b .
3.4.2 Rle khng c gii to v phi tho mn cc quy nh v cch
thc hin thch hp trong thi gian nhiu lon khi m i lng t vo cn
cao hn (i vi cc rle loi cc i hay c gii hn trn )hoc thp hn
(i vi cc rle cc tiu hay c gii hn di ) gi tr hiu chnh mt
lng bng s bin thin do nh ch to cng b
3.4.3 Sau khi th nghim ,rle hoc thit b bo v phi tho mn cc
quy nh v cch thc hin thch hp vi tiu chun vi cc rle tnh
c cc mch ra khng tip im,dng in ngh trong mch ra khng
c vt qu gi tr do nh ch to cng b , khi in p t vo mch
bng 110% gi tr nh mc .tuy nhin ,tu theo tnh cht cc
mch ra , nh ch to cth cng b cc i lng khc hoc cc tiu
chun nhn dng mt cch hu hin cc thay i trong cc mch ra
do th nghim gy nn.

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10

Hp ca my pht
rle

Hp

ca

Mch ra ca my pht
ni vo rle

A = My pht sng dao ng tt dn 1MHz

B = Tng tr ngun c in tr 200 1MHz

Ghi ch :Nu mt my hin sng c ni vo mch kim tra cc

thng s u ra ,th my ny phi c tho ra trong thi gian th
nghim ca rle
Hnh 1. S th nghim nh hng tn s cao

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11

Hp ca rle

Hp ca my pht

L = Cm khng chn tn s cao 1,5mH

C = T in u ni tn s cao 0,5F
1,2,3,4 = Cc mch cung cp v ccmch ra ca rle

Hnh 2 :Mch u ni th nghim sng dao ng tt dn 1MHz

- Bng kiu chung gia mt mch c lp vi t

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12

Hp ca rle

Hp ca my pht

L = Cm khng chn tn s cao

1,5mH

C = T in u ni tn s cao

0,5F

1,2,3 ,4 = Cc mch cung cp v mch ra ca rle

Hnh 3: Mch u ni th nghim sng dao ng tt dn 1MHz
Bng kiu chung gia mt mch c lp v tt c cc mch c
lp khc cng ni
vi t

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IEC

13

Hp ca rle

Hp ca my pht

L = Cm khng chn tn s cao

1,5 mH

C = T in u ni tn s cao

0,5F

1,2,3,4 = Cc mch cung cp v mch ra ca rle

Hnh 4a: Mch u ni th nghim rle sng dao ng

tt dn 1MHz theo kiu so lch

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14

Hp ca rle

Hp ca my pht

L = Cm khng chn tn s cao

1,5 mH

C = T in u ni tn s cao

0,5F

1,2,3,4 = Cc mch cung cp v mch ra ca rle

Hnh 4b : Mch u ni th nghim v sng dao ng tt dn 1mh z

Theo kiu so lch c o chiu a vo

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15

Ph lc A
Cc ghi ch gii thch cc th nghim nh hng lin quan n
cc rle v cc thit b bo v
A1.S sn ra in p nh hng
Cc in p ngn hn nhng c bin ln c th lm nh hng
n hnh vi ca rle o lng v thit b bo v . Cc in p ny c
th xut hin do thay i t ngt trong cu trc cc mch khi ng o
c m mt tip im trong cc mch ph hoc khi thao tc mt my
ct hoc, dao cch ly, c bit l trong cc trm cao p ,v in p rt
cao.
A2. Vic chuyn cc in p nh hng
Cc in p nhiu lon c chuyn qua cc rle ch yu bng
cc dy lin lc theo mt hoc nhiu qu trnh u ni c in : Dn
in ,cm ng hoc u ni in dung.
u ni cch dn in c tin hnh gia hai mch c th c chc
nng c lp , qua mt tng ch chung lm trung gian .Tng tr ny
c th l mt cch u ni chung vi t ,hoc l mt mch tr v qua
t chng hn .
u ni cch cm ng c thc hin gia hai mch khi in
trng do dng in trong mt mch gy nn nh hng n cc dy
dn ca mch kia .Mch u ni s mnh nht khi hai mch song song
nhau
u ni kiu in dung c tin hnh gia hai mch khi t trng
do in p ca mt mch gy nn nh hng n cc dy dn ca mch kia
A3.Khu vc ho cc in p nh hng
in p nh hng c th xut hin gi cc cc ca rle hoc
thit b bo v ,gia cc mch v t ,hoc gia cc mch thng thng
tch ring nhau
A4. nh hng ca vic lp t
Gi tr ca in p nh hng ,tn s ca n, tng tr ca ngun
pht in v nhp iu lp li ;ph thuc vo cc ngun nh hng v /
hoc vo loi lp t c bit s dng mn chn v ni t.

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16

Vic gim in p nh hng ti cc cc ca rle c th t c bng

cch lu n vic la chn cc dy cp iu khin ,n lp thp
bc ca chng ,n cc vic ni t v n tuyn i ca cc y
cp . xt n cc iu kin s dng tiu chun a ra ba cp
nghim ngt khc nhau .Cc gi tri in p ca cc cp nghim ngt III
phn ln p dng cho cc rle o lng v cc thit b bo v . Cc gi
tr in p ca cc cp km nghim ngt hn ch c p dng nu
c cc s phng nga c bit trong s dng
A5.Dng sng ca cc in p nh hng
in p nh hng xut hin cc u cc rle hoc ca cc thit b
bo v thng thng c dng cc dy dao ng tt dn.iu ny c
bit ng khi in p l do h quang ca mt dao cch ly sinh ra,
hoc do tc ng ca mt my ct.
Tuy nhin in p c th c cc xung mt chiu do cc s
chuyn mch trong bn thn cc mch iu khin gy nn.
A6.Tn s ca cc in p nh hng
Tn s dao ng c th thay i trong mt phm vi rt rng.Cc vic
t ti cc trm lin cao p ch ra cc tn s t 5kHz n vi
MHz Cc tn s cao hn na nhn c lc o lng trong cc mch
iu khin ,trong qu trnh chuyn mch cc rle ph kiu in c ,hoc
chuyn mch cc cng tc t.
Cc php o cng ch ra rng cc in p kiu chung cn ln hn
cc in p kiu so lch, l iu gii thch vic la chn cc gi tr
khc nhau ca cc rle th nghim.
Trong vic th nghim do tiu chun ny quy nh ch dng mt tn
s m thi .Mc du trong vn hnh cc tn s o c c mt ph
rng, ngi ta cho rng vic th nghim ch bng mt tn s cho tt
c mi rle hoc thit b bo v ,d thit k ca chng ra sao nu
ln mt ch dn c s v kh nng chu ng nh hng ca cc tn
s cao .Cc kt qu nhn c t cc rle v cc thit b bo v c
th nghim 1MHz c xem l tt trong nhiu nc .Tuy nhin c mt
vi bo co ch ra rng cc loi th nghim khc cn c b sung
ph hon ton mi th nh hng m cc rle o lng tnh cn phi
chu ng.
c bit quan trng i vi cc rle tc ng khi i qua zero ca
cc i lng c trng ,m sng th nghim khng c ng b vi
tn s li .My pht th nghim phi c thit k trnh c s
ng b ho ny .
A7.Thi gian tng ca cc in p nh hng

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IEC

17

Mt gi tr c trng thi gian tng ca nh u tin l iu

quan trng t c s lin kt cc kt qu th nghim.

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18

Cc php o v cc in p nh hng ,ch yu do h quang cc

dao cch ly v cc my ct gy nn (ting n s cp ) ch ra rng
thi gian nm gia 50 ns v 100 ns l cc thi gian thng dng nht .
Cc thi gian tng rt ngn , ngha l t hn 20ns gy kh khn cho
vic thc hin cc th nghim c th so snh c do s tn mn cc
hng s phn b cc cch u ni th nghim gy nn
Cc thi gan tng di hn lm gim phn tn s cao ca ph sng
th nghim ,v lm cho th nghim so snh c vi th nghim ti mt
tn s duy nht .Gi tr 75 ns do tiu chun ny qui nh l mt s
tho hip ch yu xt n ting n s cp .
Khi khng c ting ng c bit no khc, th cc my pht c
thi gian tng rt ngn .Tuy nhin ,iu ny c th sa cha d dng
bng cch thm mt t vo gia cc cc ra(t pha trong hp)Gi
tr ca in dung cn thit t thi gian tng mong mun ph
thucvo thit k ca my pht.

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