T DUY PHN TCH PHN BIN

Trng Minh Chng, TS

Khoa Qun L Cng Nghip
i Hc Bch Khoa, Tp. HCM

Ni dung
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Gii thiu v t duy phn tch phn bin

Gi tr ca s suy din
Gi tr ca s quy np
Ti cu trc lun im
Cc vn trong nh gi cc lun im
S tht tri thc v nim tin
T duy phn tch phn bin trong thc hnh
v nghin cu qun l

Gii thiu v t duy phn tch phn bin

Vai tr ca t duy phn tch phn bin

t cu hi ti sao nhm tm hiu l do cho
mt vic lm hay mt nim tin to ng
lc thc hin hnh ng hay ra quyt nh
Cc n lc thuyt phc bng vic a ra
cc l do tt l cc argument (lun im)
C nhiu lun im khc nhau c a ra
T duy phn tch phn bin gip nh gi cc
lun im chn lun im ng

Vai tr ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Thi ton cu ha
Thng tin tr nn qu nhiu
Cc vn qun l tr nn phc tp
Phi c t duy phn tch phn bin nh gi
v la chn thng tin
S sng to tr thnh mt yu cu mnh m
Tri thc hc nhanh chng b thay th bi tri
thc mi
S hc tp phi c tin hnh lin tc
T duy phn tch phn bin gip nng cao kh
nng hc tp v l nn tng cho s sng to

Vai tr ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Ngi c t duy phn tch phn bin s:
Hiu cc kt ni logic gia cc tng
nh hnh cc tng mt cch chnh xc v
logic
Xc nh, cu trc v nh gi cc lun im
nh gi cc iu kin, tin ca mt quyt
nh
nh gi cc chng c cho mt gi thuyt hay
phn bin mt gi thuyt
Ch ra cc im khng thng nht hay cc li
chung trong vic nu l do (reasoning)

Vai tr ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Ngi c t duy phn tch phn bin s:
Phn tch cc vn mt cch h thng
Xc nh tnh xc ng v tm quan trng ca
cc tng
Phn quyt (justify) cc nim tin v cc gi tr
Phn nh v nh gi cc k nng t duy ca
mt ngi khc
C kh nng thit k v trin khai cc nghin
cu khoa hc

Vai tr ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Analyzing
Evaluating
Reasoning

Problem Solving
Decision Making
New
Ideas

Critical
Thinking

Left

Right

Creative
Thinking

Vai tr ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Hnh ng ca ngi thiu t duy phn tch phn bin

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Cc tiu ch chnh ca t duy phn tch phn bin:

R rng (Clarity)
Chnh xc (Accuracy)
ng (Precision)
Xc ng (Relevance)
Su (Depth)
Rng (Breadth)
Logic
Fairness (Cng bng)

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

R rng
Could you elaborate further on that point?
Could you express that point in another way?
Could you give me an illustration?
Could you give me an example?

Clarity is the gateway standard

Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Chnh xc
Is that really true?
How could we check that?
How could we find out if that is true?
This chicken
weighs over 300
pounds.

A statement can be clear but not accurate

Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

ng
Could you give more details?
Could you be more specific?
Yao Ming is
TALL!!
TALL

A statement can be both clear and accurate,

but not precise
Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Xc ng
How is that connected to the question?
How does that bear on the issue?
I studied hard all
semester, therefore I
should get A+.

A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise,

but not relevant to the question at issue.
Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

su
How does your answer address the complexities in the
question?
How are you taking into account the problems in the
question?
Is that dealing with the most significant factors?

A statement can be clear, accurate,

precise, and relevant, but superficial.

Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

rng
Do we need to consider another point of view?
Is there another way to look at this question?
What would this look like from a conservative
standpoint?
What would this look like from the point of view of...?
Headache!!
!

You got 0 marks for

Participation, because you
didnt participate in the class
discussion at all.

A line of reasoning may be clear, accurate, precise

precise,, relevant, and deep, but lack breadth.

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Logic
Does this really make sense?
Does that follow from what you said?
How does that follow?
But before you implied this and now you are
saying that; how can both be true?
Superman sees through anything.
Superman sees through walls.
Superman sees through You.

When the combination of thoughts are mutually supporting and make sense in combination,
the thinking is "logical.
Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Cng bng
Critical thinking demands that our thinking be fair.
Open-minded
Impartial
Free of distorting biases and preconceptions

Fair-mindedness is an essential
Fairattribute of a Critical Thinker.

Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

ng dng ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Academic Performance

Workplace

understand the arguments and beliefs of others

Critically evaluating those arguments and beliefs
Develop and defend one's own well-supported arguments and beliefs.

Helps us to reflect and get a deeper understanding of our own and others decisions
Encourage open-mindedness to change
Aid us in being more analytical in solving problems

Daily life

Helps us to avoid making foolish personal decisions.

Promotes an informed and concerned citizenry capable of making good decisions on
important social, political and economic issues.
Aids in the development of autonomous thinkers capable of examining their
assumptions, dogmas, and prejudices.

ng dng ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Cc quan nim sai lm v t duy phn tch phn
bin:
T duy phn tch phn bin l ph bnh nhau.

T duy ny khng phi ph bnh ngi khc m

xy dng tng ng

T duy phn tch phn bin khng c gi tr thc

tin v con ngi ra quyt nh da theo cc quan
tm c nhn, khng quan tm l do ng

Ci thin t duy
Ci thin s t duy:
T duy phn tch phn bin l mt k nng nhn
thc
S pht trin mt k nng yu cu phi c ba iu
kin:

Hc tp l thuyt
Thc hnh da trn l thuyt
Chp nhn cc hnh vi ng

Ci thin t duy
Hc tp l thuyt
Phn tch ngha: Gii thch cc tng mt
cch r rng, c tnh h thng, s dng cc nh
ngha, cc cng c khc lm r ngha v
chnh xc ha cc tng
Logic: Phn tch v nh gic cc lun im, xc
nh cc h qu logic v khng thng nht
Cc phng php khoa hc: Dng cc d liu
thc tin kim nh l thuyt, xc nh cc
nguyn nhn v cc h qu, cc l thuyt xc sut
v thng k

Ci thin t duy
Hc tp l thuyt
Quyt nh v cc gi tr: Ra quyt nh c c s,
phn bin cc khung gi tr v cc lun im
Cc sai lm v nhiu: Cc li tiu biu trong vic
gii thch l do v cc xu hng tm l thng c
trong vic gii thch cc li sai

Ci thin t duy
Thc hnh:
Cn thi gian v s thc hnh pht trin mt
k nng, c bit l k nng t duy
Thc hnh s gip cng c l thuyt
Thc hnh gip hnh thnh thi quen

Ci thin t duy
Bn cu hi to t duy tt

Ci thin t duy
Bi tp:
n cc loi ng vt (khng phi con ngi) l mt
iu khng tt

Ci thin t duy
Thi :
Nim tin vo mt hnh ng s lm cho con
ngi t nhiu n lc v thi gian vo hnh
ng hay thi tch cc i vi hnh ng
T duy tt s to ra:

S c lp trong t duy (khng ph thuc vo t duy

ca ngi khc, c t duy ring phn tch & nh
gi)
u c m (open mindedness)
u lnh v cn bng (cool mindedness and
impartiality)
Thi phn tch v phn bin

Ci thin t duy
y l mt trch on trong tc phm In Search of Excellence
(Peters and Waterman, 1982, p. 108). Bn c th tng kt li cc lun im v s
thng minh v t duy logic? l cc lun im tt hay khng tt? Gii thch l
do
If you place in a bottle half a dozen bees and the same number of flies, and lay the
bottle horizontally, with its base (the closed end) to the window, you will find that
the bees will persist, till they die of exhaustion or hunger, in their endeavor to
discover an opening through the glass; while the flies, in less than two minutes,
will all have sallied forth through the neck on the opposite side... . It is the bees'
love of flight, it is their very intelligence, that is their undoing in this experiment.
They evidently imagine that the issue from every prison must be where the light
shines clearest; and they act in accordance, and persist in too-logical action. To
bees glass is a supernatural mystery. ... And, the greater their intelligence, the
more inadmissible, more incomprehensible, will the strange obstacle appear.
Whereas the featherbrained flies, careless of logic ... flutter wildly hither and
thither, and meeting here the good fortune that often waits on the simple.. .
necessarily end up by discovering the friendly opening that restores their liberty
to them.