s^-an-\n-k

- n-s
aq-p X-cw-K-fn c-m-a-tXn-\p h-gn-a-cp-n-Xv ta-cn F-gp-Xn-b
H-cp Ip-dn-m-sWp N-cn-{Xw
]-d-bp-p.

at\mPv sI.]pXnbhnf

A`n-apJw

- s X, k- a - c w
sN-m-\pw ]Tnt--Xp-sp ta-cn C. InMv ]- d - b p- p.
A- X n- \ p {]tXy-I ]mTy-]--Xn-bpw ]cn-io-e-\-hpw D-v. ]-cn-ioe-\-tI-{--fp-v. A-Xn
_n-cp-Zm-\
- c
- _
- n-cp-Zw h-sc
\-Ip- k-h-I-em-im-eI t]m-ep-ap-v. Cu cwK- p \- S - p- ]T- \ ,

kv{Xoi_vZw

18

\hw_ 2015

]-cn-io-e-\ {]-h--\--sf--n tI-p hm-kv-X-hn A-p-X-s-p-t]m-bn!

am-n eq-Y In-v Pq-\n-b-dn-s in-jy-bpw
Pn-n Im--dp-sS k-l-{]-h--I-bpw H-s-bm-b
tem-I-{]-i-kv-X k-am-[m-\-{]-h--I, sF-Iy-cm-{k-`-bv-p Io-gn tIm-m dn--bn-ep- bq-\n-th-gvkn-n t^m ]o-kn-se
]o-kv B-Uv tIm
-^v-en-Iv-v-kv hn-`mKw s{]m-^-k, 1966
s^-an-\n-k-n-s
c-mw X-cw-K-n-\p
Xn- c n- s Im- f p- n- b
t]m-cm-fn, {]-ap-J-cm{o-bi
- m-kv{- X- Hs-bm-Wv ta-cn F-enk-s_-v In-Mv. ASp-n-sS Xn-cp-h-\-]p-c-p h--tm-gmWv A-h-cp-am-bn kwkm-cn-m A-hk
- c
- w

In-n-b-Xv. ssh-w k-Xy-{K-l-s--n 15

sIm-w K-th-j-Ww \-S-n A-h c-Nn-
Km-n-b t\m-h-b-e v kv-{S-Kv BUv A-S--_n-en-n C ku-v C-Uy:
Zv 1924-25 ssh-w k-Xy-{K-l B-Uv Zv
sa-m-\n-kw Hm-^v sN-bv-v' F- ]p-kv-XI-n-s {]-Im-i\
-
- n-\m-bn F-n-bX
- m-bncp-p A-h.ta-cn F-en-k-_-v In-n-s\ ]-cn-N-bs--Xv a-\-kn kq-n-n-cp- Nn-e [m-cW-I ]p-\x-]-cn-tim-[n-m-\pw ]p-Xn-b Dm-gv-N-I hn-I-kn-n-m-\pw H-s C-S-bmn. A-Xv Nn-e Im-gv-N-m-Sp-I-fp-sS Im-cyn h-gn-n-cn-hp-m-p--Xm-bpw Rm
Xn-cn--dn-bp-p.
\- Km-n-Pn-bp-sS A-lnw-km-k-ac-s D-Zm-o-I-cn-v, an-m-n, A-t-ln-\p am-{Xw I-gn-bp--Xv F-p Zn-hy-Xzw
Nm-n aq-e-bv-p h--tm, A-Xn Kth-j-W-hpw Xp-S-K-th-j-W-hpw H-s \-Sn, A-Xn-s X-Xz-im-kv{- X-s {]-tbm-tKm]m-[n-I-fm-n ]-cn-h-n-n-p tem-I-am-sI
am-
- n-s Nm-eI
- i
-
- n-bm-n {]-tbm-Kn-pI-bm-Wp a-\p-jy-cm-in F- sh-fn-]m-Sp ]I-cp--Xm-bn-cp-p B Iq-Sn-m-gv-N.Km-n-Pn-bn-\n-p ]Tn-m-Wv A-tacn--bn-se h-Whn-th-N-\-n-s\-Xn-sc XpS-n ]n-o-Sp ]p-Xn-b ta-J-e-I-fn-te-p hf- ]u-cm-h-Im-i-{]-m-\-n-\v am-n
eq-Y In-Mv Pq-\n-b cq-]w \-In-b-Xv. CtX-
- n ta-cn C-s
- \ hn-iZ- o-Ic
- n-p-p: "B{^n--\-ta-cn- t\-Xm- 1919 ap-X cmw tem-I a-lm-bp-w s]m-n-p-d-s-Sp-Xp-h-sc o-a---ep-I-fn Cy-bn-te-p
h-p-sIm-t-bn-cp-p, Km-n-bn-epw CUy kzm-X-{y-k-a-c-n-epw- \n-v A-lnwkm-k-a-cw ]Tn-m. A-h Xn-cn-sI h-pw
Cy-bn-\n-p ]-cn-Nb
- k
-
-
- s
- c A-ta-cn-bn sIm-p-h-pw hn-]p-e-am-b ]-cn-ioe-\- kw-L-Sn-n-p. A-tX--n e-`y-amb ]p-kv-X-I--fpw te-J-\--fpw hn-]p-e-ambn ssI-am-dn ]Tn-p. am-n eq-Y In-Mv
Pq-\n-b-dn-s\--n kp-Z-i I-]q F-gp-Xnb "sd-bv-kn-Mv A-]v F t{]m-s^-v' F- ]pkv-X-I-n hn-h-cn-p-, A-ta-cn--bn-se
I-dp--h-cp-sS t\-Xm--fpw Km-n-b {]h--I-cpw X-n \-S- Cu h-en-b Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-am-Wv A-{I-a-c-ln-X-k-a-cw kw_-n-v I-dp-h
- -n-Sb
- n G-Im-`n-{]m-bw
D-n-bp-d-n--Xv. Cu A-dn-hp In-g-p-\n-p
]-Sn-m-td-p h--Xn-s\--n "a-lm-fl Kmn B-Uv am-n eq-Y In-Mv' F- {K-n Rm-\pw F-gp-Xn-bn-p-v.'
(In-n-\p ]-cn-io-e-\w \-In-b A-tX
hn-Z-Kv-[-cn-\n-p X-s-bm-Wv ta-cn-pw ]cn-io-e-\w e-`n--Xv. In-n-s\m-w ]u-cm-hIm-i-{]-tm-`-n hn-Zym-Yn-hn-`m-K-ns ap--Wn-bn-epw am-[y-a- G-tIm-]-\-p-aX-e-bn-epw {]-h-n- ta-cn-bp-sS t]-cn-epw
In-Mv D-s-n-epw sh-fp- h-K-m-cn-bm-

b C-h-v am-n eq-Y-dp-am-bn a-p _--sam-pw C-.-)

KmnPnbpsS ]uc{]Xntcm[w (civil resistance) AS-a
- p- k-ac
- ]
- c
- o-W
-
- s
- f hym-]I
- a
- m-bn {]-tbm-Kn-m
]m-I-n hy-h--s-Sp-n-b-Xv In-Mv B-sW-p ta-cn
Nq-n-m-p-p. Km-n-b k-a-c--sf--n Ir-jv-W-em
{io-[-c-Wn c-Nn- "hm hn-u-v h-b-e-kv' F- {K-s A-Sn-m-\-am-n In-Mv \-S-n-b hn-a-i-\m-fl-I-]T\-am-Wp Km-n-Pn-bp-sS c-N-\-I-sm-w em-n-\-ta-cn-b-S-w ]-e-cm-Py-s-bpw {]-tm-`-I-p ]mT-]p-kv-X-Iw
B-b-Xv. "A-lnw-km-k-a-c--fp-sS kw-Lm-S-\-n an-sm-gpw ssh-Z-Kv-[y-n-s-bpw A-\p-`-h-n-s-bpw ]-nS A-S--ap- B-g-ap- th-cp-I D-m-Im-dp-v.-' Ah Nq-n-m-p-p. A-ta-cn--bn-se ]-g-b "A-t_m-fn-j\n-v' {]-m-\-n-\n-m-Wv K-n-Pn-bpw ]-e-Xpw ]Tn-Xv.A-Sp-n-sS s]m-Sp--s\ kw-`-hn- A-d-_v ap-t--tfm? A-h-bv-p ]n-n-epw Cu ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw B-i-bhn-\n-a-b-hpw H-s D-s-m-tWm?
"Xo--bm-bpw. A-hn-sS-bp-m-b-Xv hn-im-e-am-b P-\m[n-]-Xy-h---c-W-n-s \m-n-bm-sW-m-Wp Rm I-cpXp--Xv. A--\p-ti-jw a-I F- tKm-{X-co-Xn-bm-Wv Ahn-sS tNm-Zyw-sN--s--Xv. X-{lo N-Xz-c-n-se hn--hn-\p ap-v Cu-Pn-]v-n A-Xn-hn-]p-e-am-b ]T-\-hpw X-msd-Sp-p-I-fpw \-S-p-p-m-bn-cp-p. ]-p-]-Xn-\-p sImw ap-p-ap-X-te in-ev-]-im-e-I \-S-n-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-p.

\hw_ 2015

19

kv{Xoi_vZw

h-\n-Xm-tm-K-am A-hn-sS \-S-p- aZ-\--fpw

]o-U-\--fpw \n-co-n-p-I-bpw ]p-d-p-\n-p-
hm--I P-\--fp-am-bn ]-p-h-bv-p-I-bpw sNp-p-m-bn-cp-p. H-cp h-\n-Xm-tm-K am-n eqY-dn-s\--n-bp- Nn-{X-I-Y A-d-_n-bn ]-cn-`m-js-Sp-p-I-bpw sI-bv-tdm ap-gp-h hn-X-c-Ww sNp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. sXm-gn-em-fn-kw-L-S-\-I-fpw h-fsc k-Po-h-am-bn-cp-p. N-cn-{X-Im-c tPm-b s_bv-\n (Joel Beinine) F-gp-Xn-bn-p--Xv 1998-\pw
2010-\pw C-S-bn \-S- 35004000 ]-Wn-ap-S--fn-epw k-Xy-{K-l--fn-epw {]-I-S-\--fn-epw 30 ew sXm-gn-em-fn-I ]-s-Sp-p-sh-m-Wv. P-\-sf k-a-c--fn A-Wn-\n-c-m I-gn-bp--Xv A{X i--am-b t_m-[-h--c-Ww \-S-n-b-Xp-sImm-Wv. B-n 600 kw-LS- n-Xs
- Xm-gn-em-fn-{]-tm`--ho-Xw 2007-epw 08-epw \-S-n-p-v. X-{lo
N-Xz-c-n P-\w H-gp-In-q-Sn-b-Xn-\p sXm-p ap-p sIm-
- f
- n C-h \n-Xy-kw-`h
-
- B-bn. km-

t\m-h-b-e v B-Iv-j' F- ]p-kv-X-Iw 40-cw `m-j-I-fn-te-p hn-h--\w sN--s-n-cn-pp! H-cp-U-k ]-fin-X-cp-sS-sb-n-epw c-N-\-I
C-c
-
- n F-Sp-p-]d
- b
- m-\p-v. Cu ta-Je
- b
- n
an-I-hp- 200 ]-fin-X B-Iv-n-hn-p-I-sf-n-epw Cp k-Po-h-am-bn {]-h-n-p-p.- C-\m-j-W
sk t^m t\m-h-b-e v tIm-^v-en-Iv-v Ipd- Im-e-n-\n-sS 139 cm-Py--fn-em-bn 400 skan-\m-dp-I kw-L-Sn-n-p. C-h \n-n- "{_n-nMv Uu F Un-Iv-t-' t]m-ep- aq-p {]-ap-J
kn-\n-a-I 20 `m-j-I-fn-te-p ]-I--s-Sp-I-bpw
c-p-tIm-Sn P-\--n-S-bn {]-Z-in-n-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xn-p-v. kzm-v-tam tIm-sf-Pn-se hn-]p-eam-b hn-hc-k--b-hpw tPm-v se-bv-o-kv s{Sbn-\n-Mv t^m sN-bv-pw \-S-p- hn-h-c-hn-\n-a-bhpw hn-kv-a-b-I-c-am-Wv. C-sX-mw Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. Ch-bv-p ]p-d-ta-bm-Wv tem-I-am-sI \-S-p- F-a- sk-an-\m-dp-I-fpw ]-cn-io-e-\--fpw ]p-kv-X-I-{]Nm-c-W-hp-sam-s."t\-c-t kq-Nn-n- sk-_nb-bn-se Hm-v-t]m {]-m-\w A-h-cpsS {]-tm-`-n-\p-ti-jw A-Xn-\p
t\-Xr-Xzw \-In-b {]-ap-Js
- c-bpw sXt B-{^n-, ^n-en-o-kv, se-_t\m, tPm-Pn-b, D-s{I-bn F-nhn-S
- f
- n-se ]u-c{- ]-Xn-tcm-[{- ]-h-I-sc-bpw D-s-Sp-n B-Iv-n-hn-kvpI-fp-sS H-cp irw-J-e cq-]-s-Sp-n i-am-bn {]-h-n-p-h-cp-p. ]n-s,
a-Xn-bm-thm-fw hn-h-c--fpw km-a-{Kn-Ifpw C-s\-n-epw e-`y-am-Wv.'
h-cpw-Im-e- km-aq-ln-I-am--m-bp- ]u-c{- ]-Xn-tcm-[{- ]-m\-f
- p-tS-Xm-bn-cn-pw F- {]-Xo-mZm-b-I-am-b kq-N-\-bm-Wp ta-cn \Ip--Xv. C-h-bv-p i-cn-bm-b cm-{ob-Zn-im-t_m-[w D-m-bn-cn-p-I F-Xp {]-[m-\-am-Wv. A--cw Im-gv-N-m-

[m-c-W-P-\--v F-s-mw sN-m I-gn-bpw F-Xp-kw-_-n- B-i-b- ap--Xp-Im-c-\m-b hmtb tKm-\nw F- Kq-Kn DtZym-K- t^-kv_p-v t]-Ppw Kq-Kn km-t-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpw D-]-tbmKn-p ]-p-h-p. "G-{]n 6 bq-v aq-hv-sa v' F-
t]-cn 2008 _r-l-m-b ]-Wn-ap-S--n-\m-bn
cq-]w-sIm- kw-L-S-\, sk-_n-b-bn an-se-skmhn-n-s A-[n-Im-cw A-h-km-\n-n-p--Xn-te-p
\-bn- "Hm-v-t]m' (Otpor!) {]-m-\-n-s k-a-cco-Xn ]Tn-m 2009 H-cp {]-Xn-\n-[n-sb s_t{K-Un-te-v A-b-bv-p-I-bp-m-bn. A-bm sIbvtdm-bn Xn-cn-s-n-b-Xv ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-I-fpw kn\n-aI
- f
- pw a-v A-lnw-km-ka
- c
-
- kw-_
- n- ]mT-fpw in-im-e-I-p- km-a-{Kn-I-fpw H-sbm-bm-Wv."A-h Xp-S-n-h- {]-m-\w ]q-W-e-y{]m-]v-Xn-bn-se-m C-\n-bpw Xo-{h-am-b ]m-X-bn-eqsS G-sd t]m-Im-\p-v. A-Xv A-h-v ]p-dw-tem-Ip-\n-v C-\n F-s-mw k-lm-bw th-n-h-cpw
F- tNm-Zyw D-b-p-p.'
A-lnw-km-k-a-c-am-K--fp-sS {]-Nm-c-W-hpw ]-cnio-e-\-hpw A-{X hn-]p-e-am-b ta-J-e-bm-tWm?
"Cu cw-Ks
- {]-ap-J\
- m-b Po jm-]v 1973
F-gp-Xn-b aq-p hm-fy-ap- "Zv s]m-fn-n-Iv-kv Hm-^v

Sp- {]-m-\- Cu irw-J-e-I-fn I-n-tNp i--am-b C-S-s]-S \-S-t--Xn-s A-\nhm-cy-X-bm-Wv C-Xv F-s Hm-n-n--Xv; H-w Cu
A-m-Za
- n-It- a-Je
- t- bm-Sp ]p-dw-Xn-cn-p \n-p-
C-Uy-bn-se {]-m-\- Cu irw-J-e-bn-\np k-a-c--fp-sS kw-Lm-S-\-im-kv-{X-hpw A-Xn-se
]p-Xn-b A-dn-hp-I-fpw ap-t---fpw ]-I-s-Sp-t-Xn-s B-h-iy-I-X-bpw.C-h-sc-mw k-a-c- B-kq-{X-Ww sN-p-Xv B-s-Xn-sc-bm-Wp k-ac
- w sN-p-X
- v, B m]-\
- n-s kz-`m-hh
- n-ti-j
- , k-ac
-
- n ]-sSp-t--h-cp-sS km-aq-ln-I-hpw km--n-I-hpw cm{o-b-hpw H-s-bm-b ]-m--ew, A-X-Xp k-aql-n \n-e-\n-p- hn-izm-k-, Nn-m-KXn-I, a-t\m-`m-h-, A-h-sc-sb-mw k-a-c-n\p k--cm-m sN-t- {]-h--\-, Fp-Xp-S-n H-cm-bn-cw L-S-I- ]-cn-tim-[n-n-mWv. A-m-sX ap-sm-cn- G-tXm B-h-iy-n-\v
G-tXm kw-hn-[m-\-n-s\-Xn-sc G-tXm-hn-`m-Kw P\- {]-tbm-Kn- k-a-c-ap-d-I A-tX Nn--bn
]n-p-S-cp-I-b-. C--cw A-Xn-Yn-I-fn-\n-sm-s
\mw ]Tn-m {i-an-t--Xv C-Xpt]m-ep Im-cy-fm-Wv.
Alnwkmkacn compulsion, persuasion, coercion, conversion F-p-Xp-S-n ]-e-L-S-

kv{Xoi_vZw
20

\hw_ 2015

I- D-t-n-cn-p-p-sh-m-Wv A-m-Z-an-Ihn-e-bn-cp-. C-Xn G-Xn-\m-Wv H-cp {]-tXy-I-ka-c-n km-[y-X F-p hn-e-bn-cp-n-bm-Wp k-a-ccq-]w B-hn-jv--cn-p--Xv.ap--Xpw \m-Xpw A-Xn-te-sd-bpw h-j-ambn A-[n-Im-cw I--S-n-h-bv-p-I-bpw A-\--cm-hIm-in-I-fm-bn a--sf hm-gn-m I-cp-\o-p-I-bpw
sN-bX
v- p-h
- k-a{- Km-[n-]X
- n-Is
- f-bpw cm-Pm-s
- f-bpw
Zn-h-k---Iw Xm-sg-bn-d-n-b P-\-i-n-bp-sS
t\-km-y- Cy-bp-sS `m-hn-kw-_-n- Bi--I-p- B-izm-k-hpw {]-Xo--bp-am-Wv. kmbp-[-k-a-cw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-a-m- k-a-{Km-[n-]-Xy-`-cW-Iq-S--s-Xn-sc k-am-[m-\-k-a-cw F-{X ^-e{]-Za
- m-sW-X
- p-kw-_
- n- ]T-\
- D-c
- n-p tacn C-\n ]-d-bp- Im-cy- \-s kw-_-n-p
Iq-Sp-X {]-k--am-Wv:
"A-lnw-km-{]-tm-`--fp-sS hn-P-bw A-{I-ak-a-c--fp-tS-Xn-s C-c-n-bm-sW-p ]T-\- sXfn-bn-p-p. k-a-cw sN-p- k-aq-l-n-se 3.-5 iX-am-\w t] k-Po-h-am-bn ]-s-Sp- k-a-c--fpsS hn-P-bw \m-en-c-n-bm-sW-pw m-]n--s-n-cnp-p! cm-{o-b-im-kv-{X--cm-b F-dn-Im sN-t\msh-pw (Erica Chenoweth) acnb kvs^m\pw
(Maria J. Stephan) tN-v tem-I-v 1900\pw
2006\pw C-S-bn \-S- A-{I-am-fl-I-hpw A-lnwkm-fl-I-hp-am-b 323 k-a-c--sf--n ]Tn-v F-gp-Xnb "kn-hn sd-kn--kv h-Iv-kv: Zv kv-{Sm--Pn-Iv
tem-Pn-Iv Hm-^v t\m-hb
- e
- v tIm-^ve
- n-Iv
- v' F {K--am-Wv C-Xp m-]n--Xv. C-Xn--s kv{Xo-]
- m-fn-s
- -
- n-bpw {]-tXy-Iw hn-iI
- e
- \
- w \S-n-p-v. A-{I-ta-X-c-k-a-c--fn-em-Wp kv-{Xo-I
]-s-Sp-m Xm-]-cy-s-Sp--Xv F-pw A--cw
k-ac
-
- f
- n-se kv{- Xo-If
- p-sS ]-m-fn-w h-[n-t- XmXn-epw Iq-Sp-X k-Po-h-hpw A-Y-]q-W-hpw BsW-pw ]T-\w Im-n--cp-p. A-hn-sS t\-Xr-Xzn-te-v D-b-cm-\pw kv-{Xo-I-v A-h-k-cw Iq-SpX-em-Wv.'"kv-{Xo-{]-m-\- ]p-Xn-b Im-cy-a-.-' ta-cn
Hm-n-n-p-p. "N-cn-{X-n A-h i-cn-bm-bn tcJ-s-Sp--s-n-n-. A-Xp-sIm-p hn-h-c- e`y-a- F-p-am-{Xw. G-sd--p-ap-X-te tem-I-ns ]-e tIm-Wn-epw D-m-b k-am-[m-\-]-c-am-b kmaq-ln-I-am---fn kv-{Xo ap-Jy-L-S-Iw B-bn-cp-p.
\yq-kn-e-Uv B-Wv kv-{Xo B-Zy-am-bn thm--h-Imiw t\-Sn-b cm-Pyw. 1893em-W-Xv. Z-im-- \o kw-Lm-S-\-n-eq-sS-bm-W-Xp t\-Sn-b-Xv. ssN\, C-dm, ssh-In-bm-sW-n-epw A-ta-cn-, Cw-v F-n-hn-S--fn-sem-s C-Xv B-h-n-p. P-

m- \ n kv - { Xo- v
1946 h-sc thm--h-Imiw C-m-bn-cp--tmgm-Wn-sX-v Hm-Ww. thm-n-\m-bp-
Cu {]-m-\a
- m-bn-cpp B-[p-\n-I-Im-es G--hpw {i-tb-am-b ]-cn-h-\
- {- ]m-\-sa-v {]-ap-J
cm-Pym-c
- I
- m-cy-hn-ZK
- -v
[ s{^-Uv lm-ntU ]-d
n-p-v. am\-h-N-cn-{X-n-se-Xs G--hpw _r-lm-b-sX-p Rm
]-d-bpw. cm-{n-b-am- sIm-p-h-cm
C--s-m F-{X F-fp--am-bn-cp-p A-v F-Xn-te-p-Iq-Sn C-Xp sh-fn-w ho-ip-p.'
s^-an-\n-k-n-s aq-p X-cw-K--fn c-ma-t-Xn-\p h-gn-a-cp-n--Xv ta-cn F-gp-Xn-b H-cp Ip-dnm-sW-p N-cn-{Xw ]-d-bp-p. B I-Y C--s\:
In-Mv Pq-\n-b-dn-s t\-Xr-Xz-n ]u-cm-h-Im-i-{]tm-`w i-n-s-Sp- Im-ew. A-s-mw I-dp-h-p {]-tXy-Iw `--W Iu--dp-I-fm-bn-cp-p. hS-t-I-tcm-en-\-bn-se {Ko-kv s_m-sdm-bn \mep tIm-tf-Pv hn-Zym-Yn-I sh-fp--h-cp-sS Iu-dn t]m-bn sIm--tIm-f B-h-iy-s-p. sIm-Spn-. X-cp--Xp-h-sc am-dn- F-p ]-d-v A-h
A-hn-sS C-cn-p-d-n-p. k-Xy-{K-lw F-p t]tcm B-i-b-tam A-dn-n--s-n-epw A-Xm-Wv Ah Xp-S-n-b-Xv. 1960 s^-{_p-h-cn H-n-\m-W-Xv. aqp am-k-n-\-Iw sX- kw-m-\--fn-em-sI
k-a-cw ]-S-p. 35,000 hn-Zym-n-I Ip-n-bn-cnp Xp-S-n. kn-v-C F-v A-Xn-\p t]-cm-bn. hjm--tm-sS C-Xv 50,000 B-bn. 3,600 Ip-n-I
A-d
- p-sN-s
- -p. ssh-Im-sX Iu-d
- p-If
- n-se hW-hn-th-N-\-t_m-Up-I A-{]-Xy--am-bn!
Cu k-a-cw Xp-S-n Zn-h-k---I-am-Wv pU v t\m-h-b-e v tIm-Un-t\-j I-n-n
(SNCC) F- hn-Zym-Yn-q-m-bv-a D-m-Ip--Xv. cp-h-j
- n-\p-ti-jw, 22mw h-bk
- n sSen-hn-j,

\hw_ 2015

21

kv{Xoi_vZw

hm--bn {]-tm-`-s--n I--dn B-th-i-n C-d-n-p-d-s- tImsf-Pv hn-Zym-Yn-\n-bm-b ta-cn-p ]n-o-sSmcp Xn-cn-p-t]m-v D-m-bn-. "A-vembn F-kv.F
- .-kn.-kn. `m-ch
- m-ln-Is
- f I \n-an-j
- n F-\n-p a-\k
- n-em-bn, {]m-\-am-Wv F-s C-S-sa-v.- G-Xp-\n-anj-hpw Po-h A-]I
- S-
- n-em-Im-hp- kml-N-cy-n-em-bn-cp-p {]-h--\w. k-l{]-h--I sIm--s-n-p-v. ]-{X-
A-h dn-tm-p sN-p-I t]m-ep-an-.-'
A-tm-gpw {]-m-\-n kv-{XoI-p c-mw-In-S m-\-ta D-m-bn-cpp-q. k-l-{]-h--I-bm-bn-cp- sI-bvkn sl-bU
v- \
- p-am-bn G-sd cm-{Xn-If
- n N-sN-bv-Xn-p- hn-j-bw. 1964 ap-gp-h
k-a-b-{]-h--I-tcm-Spw Hm-tcm s]m-knj t]- F-gp-Xm \n-tZ-iw h-tm sI-bv-kn-bpw ta-cn-bpw tN-v Fgp-Xn-b-Xv Cu {]-iv-\-am-Wv.
"A-Xp-]t- , F-s
- \ kzo-Ic
- n-s
- Sp-sa-v D-Xv--WvT D-m-bn-cp-p. A-XpsIm-v t]-cp-t]m-epw h-n-. F-n-pw B
Ip-dn-v ]-cn-lm-k-hn-j-b-am-bn. H-cp-h-jw
B-b-tm-tg-v hn-j-bw A-{X-bv-p hn-Im-

\-bv-p ]p-d-pw Np-n-ep-am-bn {]-hn-m kv{- Xo-sb \n-_n-p-

io-e-s--n H-s-bm-Wp R-
]-d--Xv. ]-e ]p-cp-j-m-cpw R-fp-sS N--bn ]-p-sIm-m Xm-dm-b-tm ]-e-pw {]-Xn-tcm-[kz-`m-h
- n-e
- m-X {]-Xn-Ic
- n-m Bhn-m-bn-cp-p. H-cp k-aq-l-n Xpey-cm-bn {]-h-n-p--Xn kv-{Xopw ]p-cp-j-\pw D- {]-iv-\w a-\pjy A-`n-ap-Jo-Ic
- n-p- G-h
- pw ASn-m-\{- ]-iv\
- a
- m-sW-p R- {]Jym-]n-p. C-p kz-Im-cy-_p-n-ap-pI-fm-bn Im-Wp- A-Sn-m-\ am-\hn-I-{]-iv-\--sf s]m-Xp-{]-iv-\--fmbn Im-Wp--Xpw A-[n-Im-c-ap--h-cpsS B-hi
- y-n-\\
- p-kc
- n-p P-\
- s
- f
]-cp-hs
- -Sp-p-X
- n-\p ]-Ic
- w a-\p-jycp-sS B-h-iy- \n-d-th-m ]m-In m-]-\--sf cq-]-s-Sp-p-Xp-am-b H-cp k-aq-lw kr-n-p-Xn-s\--n-bm-Wp R- kw-km-cn-Xv.'h-en-b B-th-i-tm-sS-bm-Wv
A-Xp ]-e-cpw kzo-I-cn--sX-p ta-cn

c-]-cw A-m-Xm-bn. R- a-sm-cp tc-J

X-m-dm-n, 1965 \-hw-_ 18\v. "sk-Iv-kv
B-Uv Im-v F ssI-Uv Hm-^v satm' F-m-bn-cp-p X-e-s-v. ss[-cy-ambn t]-cp-h
- v H-n-p. hn-hn-[ k-am-[m-\, ]ucm-h-Im-i kw-L-S-\-I-fn-se-bpw h-S-
kw-m-\--fn-se hn-Zym-n-{]-m-\n-se-bpw p-U v-kv t^m sU-tam-{Imn-Iv skm-ssk-n-bn-se-bpw 40 kv-{Xo-kwLm-S-I-v A-b-p.'
"Cpdn AXv SNCC bp-sS am-{Xw {]iv-\-am-b- k-aq-l-n-s-bm-sI {]-iv-\-ambm-Wv A-h-X-cn-n--s--Xv. h-en-b-k-aq-ln Pm-Xn-hy-h--t]m-se \n-e-\n-p s]m-Xp-\n-b-a-s--n, kv-{Xo Xm-W-PmXn-m-cn-bm-bn I-W-m--s-Sp--Xn-s\-n, X--v C-S-an-m- A-[n-Im-c-L-S-

Hm-p-p. B-[p-\n-I- kv-{Xo-{]m-\-n-\p- Xo-sm-cn-bm-bn-cpp A-Xv. s^-an-\n-k

- n-s c-mw
X-cw-Kw F-p hn-fn--s-Sp- apt--n-\p Xn-cn sIm-fp-n-b Xosm-cn.- A-dp-]-Xp-I-fn-se Cu Xosm-cn-bp-sS `-m-hv tUm: ]o-
Pn. t_m, ^n-Z Im-kv-tSm-bpsS-bpw Pn-n Im--dp-sS-bpw Po-hN-cn-{X- c-Nn-, tem-I-s {it-b-cm-b A-m-Z-ao-jy-cn H-cmfpw \-c-hw-i-im-kv-{X--\pw `n-jKz-c-\pw F-gp-p-Im-c-\p-sam-s-bmWv. sN Kp-th-c-bp-am-bpw a-pw ASp-w ]p-e-n-bn-cp- A-t-l-hpw
Cy-]-cy-S-\-n ta-cn-p klm-bn-bm-bn H--ap-m-bn-cp-p.
\hw_ 2015

33 kv{Xoi_vZw