Professional Documents
Culture Documents
d
e
r
a
lDe
mo
c
r
a
t
i
c
Re
p
u
b
l
i
co
fEt
h
i
o
p
i
a
EDI
CTOFGOVERNMENT
I
no
r
d
e
rt
op
r
o
mo
t
ep
u
b
l
i
ce
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
na
n
dp
u
b
l
i
cs
a
f
e
t
y
,
e
q
u
a
lj
u
s
t
i
c
ef
o
ra
l
l
,ab
e
t
t
e
ri
n
f
o
r
me
dc
i
t
i
z
e
n
r
y
,t
h
er
u
l
e
o
fl
a
w,wo
r
l
dt
r
a
d
ea
n
dwo
r
l
dp
e
a
c
e
,t
h
i
sl
e
g
a
ld
o
c
u
me
n
ti
s
h
e
r
e
b
yma
d
ea
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
eo
nan
o
n
c
o
mme
r
c
i
a
lb
a
s
i
s
,a
si
ti
s
t
h
er
i
g
h
to
fa
l
lh
u
ma
n
st
ok
n
o
wa
n
ds
p
e
a
kt
h
el
a
wst
h
a
t
g
o
v
e
r
nt
h
e
m.
ET ISO 8248 (1985) (English):
Windows
and door height windows -- Mechanical
tests
(7+,23,$1
STANDARD
(6
ES ISO :2012
)LUVWHGLWLRQ
:LQGRZVDQGGRRUKHLJKWZLQGRZV
0HFKDQLFDOWHVW
,&6
3XEOLVKHGE\(WKLRSLDQ6WDQGDUGV$JHQF\
(6$
(6,62
(
Foreword
This Ethiopian Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Committee for Building
structures and elements of building (TC ) and published by the Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA).
The standard is identical with ISO tDpublished
by / ^tandards (/^K).
For the purpose of this Ethiopian Standard , the adopted text shall be modified as follows.
The phrase International Standard shall be read as Ethiopian Standard; and
A full stop (.) shall substitute comma (,) as decimal marker.
(6,62
(
,62
(,
(7+,23,$1 67$1'$5'
,17(51$7,21$/
67$1'$5'
:LQGRZV
OQWURGXFWLRQ
,QGHSHQGHQWO\ RI WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV WKH\ SRVVHVV ZKHQ FORVHG
ZLQGRZV DUH VXEPLWWHG WR YDULRXV 6WUHVVHV ZKLOH EHLQJ RSHQHG
DQG FORVHG RU FOHDQHG
0HFKDQLFDO WHVWV SHUIRUPHG RQ WKH FRPSOHWH ZLQGRZ PDNH LW
SRVVLEOH WR
D GHWHUPLQH WKH IRUFHV QHFHVVDU\ WR RSHQ DQG FORVH WKH
ZLQGRZ
E H[DPLQH WKH UHDFWLRQ RI WKH ZLQGRZ WR PHFKDQLFDO WHVWV
VLPXODWLQJ PLVXVH
0HFKDQLFDO
WHVWV
UHVWULFWHG
RSHQLQJ
GHYLFH
ORFNLQJ
RSHQLQJ
GHYLFH
7HVWV
6FRSH
E WHVWV ZKLFK YDU\ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH ZD\ LQZKLFK WKH ZLQ
GRZ RSHQV
'HILQLWLRQV
(6,62
(
,62 (
WKH DSSURSULDWH
WR ZLQGRZ
W\SH
7HVW IRU
ORFNLQJ
RSHQLQJ DQG
UHVWULFWHG
RSHQLQJ
GHYLFHV
VHF
7HVW VLPXODWLQJ
PLVXVH
VHH
'HVFULSWLRQ
:LQGRZ
W<3H
RI ZLQGRZ
%HQGLQJ DQG
WZLVWLQJ
5DFNLQJ WHVW
UHVLVWDQFH
WR YHUWLFDO
IRUWH
DQG
DQG
'LDJRQDO
GHIRUPDWLRQ
7RUVLRQ
+LQJHG
+RUL]RQWDO
3LYRWHG
DQG
DQG
D[LV
,
,
DQG
DQG
L
aaDQGaa
)ORDWLQJ
SLYRWHG D[LV
WKLFNQHVV
$SSDUDWXV
7KH EDVLF WHVW DSSDUDWXV FRPSULVHV
D D PHDQV RI ILWWLQJ WKH ZLQGRZ LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK
FODXVH
E D PHDQV RI SRVLWLRQLQJ GHYLFHV IRU PHDVXULQJ GLVSODFH
PHQW DQG WR HQVXUH WKHLU VWDELOLW\ GXULQJ WKH WHVW
F DPHDQV RI DSSO\LQJ WKH UHTXLUHG IRUFHV DQG RI PHDVXU
LQJ WKHVH IRUFHV
G GHYLFHV IRU PHDVXULQJ GLVSODFHPHQWV
H D GHYLFH DOORZLQJ FRPSOHWH PRYHPHQW RI WKH ZLQGRZ
OHDYHV LQ ERWK WKH RSHQLQJ DQG FORVLQJ GLUHFWLRQV
RI ZLQGRZ
ZLWK
7KH WKLFNQHVV W\SH RI JODVV DQG WKH PHWKRG RI JOD]LQJ VKDOO
FRPSO\ ZLWK WKH PDQXIDFWXUHUV VSHFLILFDWLRQV ,Q WKH DEVHQFH
RI VXFK VSHFLILFDWLRQV RU LI WKHUH LV D SRVVLELOLW\ WKDW WKH ZLQ
GRZ ZLOO EH XVHG ZLWK GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI JODVV WHVWV VKDOO EH
FDUULHG RXW ZLWK WKH PLQLPXP WKLFNQHVV RI JODVV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR
WKH VXUIDFH DUHD DV VSHFLILHG LQ QDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUGV
7KH WHVWV LQZKLFK WKH WKLFNQHVV RI WKH JODVV SOD\V DQ LPSRUWDQW
UROHO VKDOO EH UHSHDWHG ZLWK WKH PD[LPXP WKLFNQHVV RI JODVV
DSSURSULDWH IRU WKH IUDPH E\ DJUHHPHQW ZLWK WKH PDQXIDF
WXUHU
7KH WKLFNQHVV RI WKH JODVV DQG WKH PHWKRG RI JOD]LQJ VKDOO EH
VWDWHG LQ WKH WHVW UHSRUW
3UHSDUDWLRQ
6OLGLQJ
0HWKRGV
RI WHVW
IRU WHVWLQJ
7KH PHDQV RI ILWWLQJ WKH ZLQGRZ WR WKH WHVW DSSDUDWXV VKDOO
UHSURGXFH DV FORVHO\ DV SRVVLEOH WKH DFWXDO MRLQWLQJ RI WKH ZLQ
GRZV WR WKH EXLOGLQJ RU LI WKHVH GHWDLOV DUH QRW NQRZQ WKH\
VKDOO EH LQ FRQIRUPLW\ ZLWK WKH PDQXIDFWXUHUV VSHFLILFDWLRQV
)RUWHV
UHTXLUHG
)DVWHQLQJ
WR RSHUDWH
WKH ZLQGRZ
DQG XQIDVWHQLQJ
7KH UHTXLUHG IRUWH RU PRPHQW VKDOO EH DSSOLHG E\ PHDQV RI D
GHYLFH UHSURGXFLQJ DV DFFXUDWHO\ DV SRVVLEOH WKH DFWLRQ RI WKH
RSHUDWRUV KDQG RQ WKH KDQGOH
7KH ODERUDWRU\ VKDOO HQVXUH WKDW WKH LQIOXHQFH RI SOD\ LQ WKH
PHDQV RI 6XVSHQVLRQ DQG FORVLQJ LV DYRLGHG
7KH IRUWH RU WKH PRPHQW VKDOO EH H[SUHVVHG LQ QHZWRQV RU LQ
QHZWRQ PHWUHV UHVSHFWLYHO\
(6$
(6,62
(
,62
(O
)RUWH
UHTXLUHG
6WDWLF WHVW
'LVSODFHPHQW
IRUWH
VWDWLF
:LWK WKH OHDI ORRVHQHG IURP LWV FORVHG 3RVLWLRQ PRYH WKH OHDI
VORZO\ DQG PHDVXUH WKH IRUWH GHYHORSHG GXULQJ PRYHPHQW
5HFRUG WR WKH QHDUHVW QHZWRQ WKH PLQLPXP DQG PD[LPXP
YDOXHV EWDLQHG GXULQJ WKH RSHQLQJ DQG FORVLQJ RSHUDWLRQV
'\QDPLW WHVW
,IWKH PHWKRG RI RSHQLQJ WKH ZLQGRZ LVVXFK WKDW LWRSHQV PRUH
HDVLO\ E\MHUNLQJ RU LIWKH VWDWLF IRUWH UHTXLUHG H[FHHGV WKH OLPLWV
SHUPLWWHG E\ VSHFLILFDWLRQ WKH VWDWLF WHVW VKDOO EH VXS
SOHPHQWHG E\ WKH IROORZLQJ G\QDPLF WHVW
7HVWV VLPXODWLQJ
PLVXVH
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKHVH WHVWV LV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH EHKDYLRXU RI
ZLQGRZV ZKHQ VXEMHFW WR PLVXVH GXULQJ QRUPDO 2SHUDWLRQ
7KH PHWKRGV DQG WHVW SURFHGXUHV DUH LOOXVWUDWHG LQ WKH DQQH[
,QWKLV WHVW WKH IRUWH LVSURGXFHG E\ DOORZLQJ DPDVV RI NJ WR
GURS WKH PDVV EHLQJ DWWDFKHG WR WKH KDQGOH RU RSHUDWLQJ
GHYLFH E\ PHDQV RI DVWHHO URSH FRPSRVHG RI VHYHQ 6WUDQGV RI
VHYHQ ZLUHV DQG RI GLDPHWHU WR PP DQG DSSUR[LPDWHO\ P
ORQJ
:LWK WKH ZLQGRZ XQIDVWHQHG DSSO\ WKH G\QDPLF IRUWH WR WKH
KDQGOH RU RSHUDWLQJ GHYLFH LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI RSHQLQJ RI WKH
ZLQGRZ
(6$
LQ DZD\
,62
(
(
(6,62
:DUSLQJ
WHVW
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV WHVW LVWR GHWHUPLQH WKH EHKDYLRXU RI DZLQGRZ ZKHQ LW LV XQIDVWHQHG DQG DIRUWH LVDSSOLHG SHUSHQGLFXODUO\ WR LWV
)LJXUH :DUSLQJ
)LJXUH :DUSLQJ
WHVW 6LWXDWLRQ
WHVW 6LWXDWLRQ
ZLWK
ZLWK
SHUVRQ
OHDQLQJ
(6$
,62
(,
(6,62
(
5DFNLQJ
WHVW UHVLVWDQFH
WR YHUWLFDO
IRUWH
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV WHVW LV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH EHKDYLRXU RI ZLQGRZV ZKHQ DQ DGGLWLRQDO YHUWLFDO IRUWH LVDSSOLHG IRU H[DPSOH E\ WKH
8VHU VHH ILJXUH WR WKH RSHQ ZLQGRZ
6HH ILJXUHV WR
)LJXUH 5DFNLQJ
7RUVLRQ
WHVW 6LWXDWLRQ
ZLWK DGGLWLRQDO
YHUWLFDO
IRUWH
DSSOLHG
WR ZLQGRZ
WHVW
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV WHVW LV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH EHKDYLRXU RI VOLGLQJ ZLQGRZV W\SHV ZKHQ D IRUWH LV DSSOLHG DW WKH HQG RI WKH
RSHUDWLQJ GHYLFH ZKLFK WHQGV WR FUHDWH D WRUVLRQ RI WKH VHFWLRQ ZKHUH WKH GHYLFH LV ILWWHG VHH ILJXUH
6HH ILJXUHV WR
)LJXUH 7RUVLRQ
(6$
WHVW 6LWXDWLRQ
,62
(
(
(6,62
'LDJRQDO
GHIRUPDWLRQ
WHVW
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV WHVW LV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH EHKDYLRXU RI VOLGLQJ ZLQGRZV LQ WKH FDVH RI DFFLGHQWDO REVWUXFWLRQ GXULQJ RSHQLQJ RU
FORVLQJ VHF ILJXUH
6HH ILJXUHV WR
)LJXUH 'LDJRQDO
RSHQLQJ
RU UHVWULFWHG
GHIRUPDWLRQ
RSHQLQJ
WHVW 6LWXDWLRQ
GHYLFHV
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKHVH WHVWV LVWR GHWHUPLQH WKH EHKDYLRXU RI ORFNLQJ RSHQLQJ RU UHVWULFWHG RSHQLQJ GHYLFHV IRU ZLQGRZV LQWKH FDVH RI
DSSOLFDWLRQ RI DVXGGHQ ORDG IRU H[DPSOH D JXVW RI ZLQG RU D EORZ IURP WKH KDQG VHH ILJXUH
7KH WHVWV DUH LOOXVWUDWHG LQ ILJXUHV WR ZKLFK VKRZ WKH WHVW SURFHGXUH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH W\SH RI ZLQGRZ
:KHQ WHVWLQJ ORFNLQJ RSHQLQJ GHYLFHV WKH OHDI LV VHFXUHG LQ LWV VWDEOH RSHQ 3RVLWLRQ E\ PHDQV RI WKH GHYLFH 7KH IRUWH LV DSSOLHG
SHUSHQGLFXODU WR WKH SODQH RI RSHQLQJ LQ WKH PLGGOH RI WKH VLGH IXUWKHVW IURP WKH URWDWLQJ D[LV
7KH FRQGLWLRQV RI DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH IRUWH DUH DV VSHFLILHG LQ
IRU ZLQGRZ
H[SRVHG
(6$
(6,62
RSHQLQJ
GHYLFHV
7HVW UHSRUW
7KH WHVW UHSRUW VKDOO LQFOXGH WKH IROORZLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ
(
(O
RSHQLQJ
GHYLFHV
PHQVLRQV
(6$
([SUHVVLRQ
RI UHVXOWV
WR PHFKDQLFDO
)RU HDFK WHVW UHFRUG WKH UHVXOWV DV LQGLFDWHG LQ FODXVH
1RWH DOVR DQ\ LQFLGHQWV WKDW RFFXUUHG GXULQJ WKH WHVW DQG WKH
JHQHUDO FRQGLWLRQ RI WKH ZLQGRZ DIWHU WKH WHVW
(6,62
,62
(
(O
$QQH[
:XVWUDWLRQV
$
:DUSLQJ
$OO
+LQJHG
WHVW
ZLQGRZV
?
E!F
G PP
E!F
G PP
TDR
DR
PP
PP
(6,62
$
9HUWLFDOO\
SLYRWHG
(
ZLQGRZV
TDR
G]DR
PP
PP
(6$
(6,62
,62
(
(
$
+RUL]RQWDOO\
SLYRWHG
ZLQGRZV
E!F
G PP
G PP
TDR
DR
PP
PP
(6,62,62
( (,
$
+RUL]RQWDOO\
VOLGLQJ
ZLQGRZV
,
TDR
DDR
PP
PP
DR
DDE
PP
PP
(6$
(6,62
,62
(
(,
$
9HUWLFDOO\
VOLGLQJ
ZLQGRZV
S
,
E
BBAB
D G2
DR
PP
PP
EB N
DDJ
DE
PP
PP
(6$
(6,62
$
:LQGRZV
ZLWK
D IORDWLQJ
SLYRWHG
(6$
(
D[LV
(6,62
(
$
5DFNLQJ
WHVW
]
)
#
)
D
TDR
DR
PP
PP
(6$
(6,62
(
,62 (,
$
7RUVLRQ
WHVW
TDR
DR
PP
PP
DR
DDE
EOER
EER
PP
PP
ELE
ELE
)LJXUH 7HVW SURFHGXUH
(6$
PP
PP
PP
PP
(6,62
,62
(
(,
$
'LDJRQDO
GHIRUPDWLRQ
WHVW
TDR
DR
PP
PP
(6$
(6,62
(
,62
(O
$
RSHQLQJ
GHYLFHV
TDR
PP
DR
PP
DDJ
D
(6$
PP
PP
,62
(
(,
(6,62
,
,
,
,
,
,
)
,
,
WS
,
D
/
?
?
?
DR
DDR
%ORFNHG
PP
PP
OHDI
D(
PP
DDE
PP
(6$
(6,62
(
,62
(,
(6$
(6,62
,62 (
(O
$
RSHQLQJ
GHYLFHV
3URFHGXUH
7KH OHQJWK RI WKH ZLUH URSH VKDOO EH DSSUR[LPDWHO\ HTXDO WR WKH
GLVWDQFH IURP WKH WRS RI WKH RSHQ ZLQGRZ WR WKH IORRU SDVVLQJ
WKURXJK WKH JXLGH SXOOH\
6XVSHQG D PDVV P DW WKH FHQWUH RI WKH WRS KRUL]RQWDO HOHPHQW
RI WKH ZLQGRZ RQ DZLUH URSH DWWDFKHG WR WKH IL[LQJ 3RLQW RI WKH
ZLQGRZ 7KH OHQJWK RI WKH ZLUH URSH VKDOO EH VXFK WKDW WKH
PDVV MXVW UHVWV RQ WKH IORRU ZKHQ WKH ZLQGRZ LV RSHQ ,D@
3ODFH D SODWH RI WKLFNQHVV PP DW WKH SODFH ZKHUH WKH PDVV
ZLOO 6WULNH WKH IORRU DQG FORVH WKH ZLQGRZ >E@ 7KH RSHQLQJ RI
WKH ZLQGRZ LVDFFHOHUDWHG E\ WKH PDVV PZKLFK ZLOO WDXFK WKH
SODWH EHIRUH WKH ZLQGRZ UHDFKHV LWV EORFNLQJ 3RVLWLRQ )&@
7KH QXPEHU RI WHVWV WR EHFDUULHG RXW ZLOO EHVSHFLILHG LQ SHUIRU
PDQFH VSHFLILFDWLRQV
D
E
(6$
AF
Ethiopian Standards
ESA has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be
reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of ESA.
International Involvement
ESA, representing Ethiopia, is a member of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX). It also
maintains close working relations with the international Electro-technical
Commission (IEC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).It is a
founding member of the African Regional Organization for standardization
(ARSO).
The Ethiopian Standards are developed by national technical committees which are
composed of different stakeholders consisting of educational Institutions, research
institutes, government organizations, certification, inspection, and testing
organizations, regulatory bodies, consumer association etc. The requirements and/
or recommendations contained in Ethiopian Standards are consensus based that
reflects the interest of the TC representatives and also of comments received from
the public and other sources. Ethiopian Standards are approved by the National
Standardization Council and are kept under continuous review after publication and
updated regularly to take account of latest scientific and technological changes.
Orders for all Ethiopian Standards, International Standard and ASTM standards,
including electronic versions, should be addressed to the Documentation and
Publication Team at the Head office and Branch (Liaisons) offices. A catalogue of
Ethiopian Standards is also available freely and can be accessed in from our
website.
Ethiopian Standards Agency
More Information?
Contact us at the following address.
The Head Office of ESA is at Addis Ababa.
Standard Mark