Malala Yousafzai Biography

Women's Rights Activist, Children's Activist (1997)

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Malala Yousafzai
Women's Rights Activist, Children's Activist
July 12, 1997 (age 17)
Mingora, Pakistan
Gul Makai
Malala Yousafzai

As a young girl, Malala Yousafzai defied the Taliban in Pakistan and demanded that girls be
allowed to receive an education. She was shot in the head by a Taliban gunman in 2012, but
survived.
Quotes :
If I win Nobel Peace Prize, it would be a great opportunity for me, but if I don't get it, it's not important
because my goal is not to get Nobel Peace Prize, my goal is to get peace and my goal is to see the
education of every child.
Malala Yousafzai

Synopsis
Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997, in Mingora, Pakistan. As a child, she became an advocate for
girls' education, which resulted in the Taliban issuing a death threat against her. On October 9, 2012, a
gunman shot Malala when she was traveling home from school. She survived, and has continued to speak
out on the importance of education. She was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in 2013. In 2014, she was
nominated again and won, becoming the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.

Early Life
On July 12, 1997, Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan, located in the country's Swat Valley.
For the first few years of her life, her hometown remained a popular tourist spot that was known for its
summer festivals. However, the area began to change as the Taliban tried to take control.

Initial Activism
Yousafzai attended a school that her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, had founded. After the Taliban began
attacking girls' schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008. The title
of her talk was, "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?"
In early 2009, Yousafzai began blogging for the BBC about living under the Taliban's threats to deny her
an education. In order to hide her identity, she used the name Gul Makai. However, she was revealed to be
the BBC blogger in December of that year.

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With a growing public platform, Yousafzai continued to speak out about her right, and the right of all
women, to an education. Her activism resulted in a nomination for the International Children's Peace Prize
in 2011. That same year, she was awarded Pakistan's National Youth Peace Prize.

Targeted by the Taliban

When she was 14, Malala and her family learned that the Taliban had issued a death threat against her.
Though Malala was frightened for the safety of her fatheran anti-Taliban activistshe and her family
initially felt that the fundamentalist group would not actually harm a child.
On October 9, 2012, on her way home from school, a man boarded the bus Malala was riding in and
demanded to know which girl was Malala. When her friends looked toward Malala, her location was given
away. The gunman fired at her, hitting Malala in the left side of her head; the bullet then traveled down her
neck. Two other girls were also injured in the attack.
The shooting left Malala in critical condition, so she was flown to a military hospital in Peshawar. A
portion of her skull was removed to treat her swelling brain. To receive further care, she was transferred to
Birmingham, England.

After the Attack

Once she was in the United Kingdom, Yousafzai was taken out of a medically induced coma. Though
she would require multiple surgeriesincluding repair of a facial nerve to fix the paralyzed left side of
her faceshe had suffered no major brain damage. In March 2013, she was able to begin attending
school in Birmingham.
The shooting resulted in a massive outpouring of support for Yousafzai, which continued during her
recovery. She gave a speech at the United Nations on her 16th birthday, in 2013. She has also
written an autobiography, I Am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the
Taliban, which was released in October 2013. Unfortunately, the Taliban still considers Yousafzai a
target.
Despite the Taliban's threats, Yousafzai remains a staunch advocate for the power of education. On
October 10, 2013, in acknowledgement of her work, the European Parliament awarded Yousafzai the
Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought. That same year, she was nominated for a Nobel Peace
Prize. She didn't win the prize, but was named a nominee again in March 2014. In August of the
same year, Leanin.Org held a live chat on Facebook with Sheryl Sandberg and Yousafzai about the
importance of education for girls around the world. She talked about her story, her inspiration and
family, her plans for the future and advocacy, and she answered a variety of inquiries from the social
networks users.

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In October 2014, Yousafzai received the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Indian children's rights
activist Kailash Satyarthi. At age 17, she became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace
Prize. In congratulating Yousafzai, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said: She is (the) pride of
Pakistan, she has made her countrymen proud. Her achievement is unparalleled and unequaled.
Girls and boys of the world should take lead from her struggle and commitment." U.N. SecretaryGeneral Ban Ki-moon described her as "a brave and gentle advocate of peace who through the
simple act of going to school became a global teacher.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Date

2 October 2014

Location

New Delhi, India

Organised by Narendra Modi

Government of India

Participants

Anil Ambani
Sachin Tendulkar
Ruby Yadav
Salman Khan
Priyanka Chopra
Baba Ramdev
Kamal Hassan
Mridula Sinha
Shashi Tharoor
Arvind Kejriwal
The team of TV series Taarak Mehta Ka
Ooltah Chashmah
Amitabh Bachchan
Hrithik Roshan
Aamir Khan
Manisha Koirala
Saina Nehwal
Chanda Kochhar

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This campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi, where Prime
Minister Narendra Modi himself cleaned the road. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million
government employees and school and college students of India participated in this event.[4][5] The mission

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Hindi: , English: Clean India Mission) is a national

campaign by the Government of India, covering 4041 statutory towns, to clean the streets, roads and
infrastructure of the country.[1][2][3]

was started by Prime Minister Modi, who nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign, and they
took up the challenge and nominated nine more people and so on (like the branching of a tree). It has
been carried forward since then with people from all walks of life joining it.
The components of the programme are: a) Construction of individual sanitary latrines for households
below the poverty line with subsidy (80%) where demand exists. b) Conversion of dry latrines into low-cost
sanitary latrines. c) Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities for
hand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land or
space within houses and where villagepanchayats are willing to maintain the facilities. d) Setting up of
sanitary marts. e) Total sanitation of villages through the construction of drains, soakage pits, solid and
liquid waste disposal. f) Intensive campaign for awareness generation and health education to create a felt
need for personal, household and environmental sanitation facilities

History
With effect from 1 April 1999, the Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural Sanitation
Programme and launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).
To give a fillip to the Total Sanitation Campaign, effective June 2003 the government launched an
incentive scheme in the form of an award for total sanitation coverage, maintenance of a clean
environment and open defecation-free panchayat villages, blocks and districts called Nirmal Gram
Puraskar.
Effective 1 April 2012, the TSC was renamed to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (SBA).
On 2 October 2014 the campaign was relaunched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
Objectives
This campaign aims to accomplish the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2 October 2019, the 150th birthday
of Mahatma Gandhi. It is expected to cost over 62000 crore (US$9.7 billion).[3][6] Fund sharing between
the Central Government and the State Government and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) is 75%:25% (90% :
10% for North Eastern and special category states).[7] The campaign has been described as "beyond
politics" and "inspired by patriotism".[8]
Specific objectives are:

Elimination of open defecation

Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets
Eradication of manual scavenging
100% collection and scientific processing/disposal/reuse/recycling of municipal solid waste
A behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices
Generation of awareness among citizens about sanitation and its linkages with public health
Supporting urban local bodies in designing, executing and operating waste disposal systems
Facilitating private-sector participation in capital expenditure and operation and maintenance costs for
sanitary facilities[7]

Nominees

Anil Ambani
Baba Ramdev
Kamal Hassan
Kapil Sharma
Priyanka Chopra
Sachin Tendulkar
Salman Khan
Shashi Tharoor
The team of the TV series Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah

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Modi selected 9 public figures to propagate this campaign.[9][10] They are:

Indian film actor Aamir Khan supported and encouraged this initiative and said that he would be happy if
he is invited into this campaign.[11] Urban Development Minister M.Venkaiah Naidu picked up a broom to
help clean the cyclone-hit port city ofVisakhapatnam in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, as part of
the cleanliness campaign.[12]
Brand ambassadors
Venkaiah Naidu listed brand ambassadors in various fields:

Pawan Kalyan Brand Ambassador List

S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Amala (actress)
K. Kavitha Brand Ambassador List
Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy
Suddala Ashok Teja
Pullela Gopichand
Humpy Koneru
Galla Jayadev
Nithin
V. V. S. Laxman
J. Rameshwar Rao
Vemuri Radhakrishna
Shivlal Yadav
B. V. R. Mohan Reddy
Rajat Shahi (Entrepreneur) [1]

On 25 December 2014, Prime Minister Modi nominated nine people including

Comedian Kapil Sharma,

Former captain of Indian cricket team Sourav Ganguly
Former IPS officer Kiran Bedi for taking forward his 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan'.
Padmanabha Acharya, Nagaland Governor
Sonal Mansingh, classical dancer
Ramoji Rao of Eenadu group
Aroon Purie of the India Today group.

He also nominated some organisations, including the Institute of Chartered Accountants of

India, Eenadu and India Todaybesides 'dabbewale' of Mumbai, who deliver home-made food to lakhs of
people in the city.[clarification needed]
On 8 November 2014, Modi carried the message to Uttar Pradesh and nominated another set of nine
people for the state.[13][14]

Akhilesh Yadav
Swami Rambhadracharya
Manoj Tiwari
Manu Sharma
Mohammad Kaif
Deviprasad Dwivedi
Raju Srivastava
Suresh Raina
Kailash Kher

More than 3 million government employees and school and college students are to participate in the
drive.[4][8]

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A Swachh Bharat Run was organized at the Rashtrapati Bhavan on 2 October 2014. According to a
statement from the Rashtrapati Bhavan around 1500 people participated and the event was flagged off by
President Pranab Mukherjee. Participants in the run included officers and their families.[15]

Swachh Bharat Run

Swachh Bharat apps

Many independent app developers came up with ideas to support the mission using mobile
technologies. The Times of Indiapublished an article on how "Desi companies beat Facebook in 'Swachh'
apps race".[16] Vocativ wrote of one such app that it could change the relationship between government
and people.[17]
Real-time monitoring
The government will be launching a nationwide real-time monitoring system for toilets constructed under
the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. With this system the government aims to attain a 100% open defecation free
India by 2019.[18]
Swachh Bharat short film
NIT Rourkela PhD students have made a short film on Swachh Bharat, conveying the message that
Swachh Bharat is not a one-day event but should be part of life, in order for the goal of a clean India to be
achieved.[19]
The Indo Nepal Doctors Association has also taken inspiration from the Prime Minister of India and on 3
January 2015 launched Swachh Bharat Nepal - Swasth Bharat Nepal Abhiyan at the Indo-Nepali border
region of Sunauli-Belihiya, which is the entry to the birth place of the Buddha, Lumbini, Nepal.
Criticism
Criticisms of the campaign include:
Some regard the motives of Prime Minister Modi as purely political. The prime minister nominated people
who were supposed to do some cleaning-up. They would then nominate others, and so slowly the whole
of India would be involved. Thus, anyone seeing a participant in the scheme, especially a celebrity, would
inevitably link their actions to Modi, building up his reputation.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is not a new programme. Launched in 1986 as the Central Rural Sanitation
Programme, the scheme later became the Total Sanitation Campaign (1999) and Nirmal Bharat
Abhiyan (2012). Some regard it as merely a renaming.[21]
There has been a problem of corruption in delivery of facilities such as toilets and latrines since the launch
of the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) 1986. In rural areas BDOs, GP president, secretaries,
and others take bribes from poor Indians to provide them, and the poorest are unable to obtain them
because they cannot afford the bribes.
The NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India Aayog), formerly called the Planning
Commission, is accused of preparing the guidelines of the scheme based on false reports through upward
communication from people on-site such as BDO, GP presidents and secretaries; the Chairman, Deputy
Chairman and the other members of the Planning Commission are accused of not checking the
information by visiting the villages and physically seeing and talking with the beneficiaries face to face.

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The central government is said to be irresponsible in not ensuring that the toilets, latrines, etc. are
delivered, as the Ministry of Panchayati Raj closes grievance cases by transferring them to the state
government, and never examines the details of whether the state government settles them correctly.