Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lothar Walther
Lothar.Walther@rohde-schwarz.com
Training Center
Rohde & Schwarz, Germany
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12
Rel-9
Rel-10
Relaying
SON
enhancements
eICIC
DL MIMO
8x8
UL MIMO
4x4
Enhanced
SC-FDMA
Public Warning
System (PWS)
Carrier
Aggregation
Home
eNodeB
Positioning
Self Organizing
Networks
eMBMS
Dual Layer
Beamforming
LTE Release 8
FDD / TDD
Multi carrier /
Multi-RAT
Base Stations
NW-based
positioning
(UTDOA)
CA
enhancements
feICIC
(further eICIC)
RAN overload
control for MTC
In-device
co-existence
Rel-9
Enh. DL
Control CH
Relaying
Network
Energy Saving
CoMP
UL / DL
Rel-11
MDT
SON
enhancements
eICIC
DL MIMO
8x8
UL MIMO
4x4
Enhanced
SC-FDMA
Public Warning
System (PWS)
Carrier
Aggregation
Home
eNodeB
Positioning
Self Organizing
Networks
Service Continuity
for eMBMS
eMBMS
Dual Layer
Beamforming
Rel-10
LTE Release 8
FDD / TDD
Multi carrier /
Multi-RAT
Base Stations
LTE-Advanced Rel12
Rel12 Building Blocks
D2D
Proximity service
detection and
communication
M2M / MTC
Support for low
cost devices
WiFi offloading
Selective traffic
offload
Additionally:
Joint FDD-TDD Operation
Network-Assisted Interference Cancellation
Further Enhancements to LTE TDD for DL-UL Interference
Management and Traffic Adaptation
Coverage Enhancements
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
5
5
Enhancements:
HetNet mobility, Machine-Type and other data
applications, low cost MTC, DL MIMO, coverage,
TDD UL-DL interference management
Rel-12
Rel-11
Further MBMS
operations support
Group call eMBMS
congestion management
RAN overload
control for MTC
Enh. DL
Control CH
NW-based
positioning
(UTDOA)
PWS (Reset /
Failure / Restart)
Inter eNB
CoMP
Service Continuity
for eMBMS
BeiDou
Navigation
D2D
In-device
co-existence
FDD/TDD joint
operation (CA)
CA
enhancements
WLAN/3GPP radio
interworking
NAICS
feICIC
Network
Energy Saving
Carrier
aggregation
eMBMS
CoMP
UL / DL
LTE Release 8 - 10
FDD / TDD
MIMO
DL: 8x8
UL: 4x4
SON
MDT
eICIC
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12
R = S*H + n
H-1
Tx
^r
Rx
LE
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
l=0
frequency
R0
R0
R0
l=6 l=0
l=6
time
12 subcarriers
R3
R0
R1
R2
R0
R0
R2
R1
R0
R3
R1
R1
R3
R0
R1
R2
R0
R0
R2
R1
R0
R3
R1
Different Tx antennas
can be recognized
separately
1 subframe
R0
Antenna 0
R1
Antenna 1
~ 5%
overhead
R2
Antenna 2
R3
Antenna 3
10
~ 2.5%
overhead
Reference signals
New style
Old style
one reference signal for
everything:
Channel estimation
Power detection
CQI evaluation etc.
11
Normal CP
Cell Specific RS
PA -RS
PCFICH /PHICH /PDCCH
PUSCH or No Transmission
3GPP TS 36.211(Downlink)
An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the
antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another
symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed.
13
Release
Reference Signal
Application
0 to 3
MBMS
7,8
9 to 14
10
15 to 22
10
14
AP0
AP1
AP2
AP3
AP4
AP5
AP6
AP7
AP8
Physical Antennas
1
1
1
PA0
W5,0
W5,1
PA1
W5,2
PA2
W5,3
PA3
M
M
M
The way the "logical" antenna ports are mapped to the "physical" TX antennas is
completely in the responsibility of the base station.
There's no need for the base station to tell the UE.
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
15
LTE-Advanced (Rel.10)
CRS0
s1
CRS0 + CSI-RS0
s1
s2
Precoding
sN
........
........
s2
DM-RS0
Precoding
sN
Cell specific
reference signalsN
DM-RSN
Cell specific
reference signalsN +
Channel status information
reference signals 0
16
UE does not
need to know
precoding
Layer
mapping
Precoding
17
LTE (Release 8)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
R E L E A S E
1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
DM-RS
CSI-RS
R E L E A S E
18
frequency
DM-RS
CRS
p
[w p (0)
Antenna port
[+ 1
[+ 1
[+ 1
10
[+ 1
11
[+ 1
12
13
[+ 1
14
w p (1) w p ( 2) w p (3)
+ 1 + 1 + 1]
1 +1
1]
+ 1 + 1 + 1]
1 +1
+1
1]
1]
1 + 1 + 1]
1
1 + 1]
1 +1 +1
1]
time
Example: PDSCH
demodulation reference signal for antenna port 7 14
Several antennas transmit at same time!
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
19
CRS
Example:
8x8 MIMO
frequency
time
20
CRS
If channel changes
no detection possible
frequency
Channel estimation
in 8x8 MIMO is
much less robust
then e.g. 2x2 MIMO
because of the
reference signal
definition!
time
21
R16 R16
R18 R18
R17 R17
l=0
l =6 l =0
l =6
l =0
R19 R19
l =6 l =0
l =6
l =0
l =6 l =0
l =6
l =0
l =6 l =0
even-numbered slots
l =6
R20 R20
R21 R21
l =0
l =6 l =0
l =6
odd-numbered slots
l =0
l =6 l =0
even-numbered slots
l =6
odd-numbered slots
l =0
R22 R22
l=6 l =0
even-numbered slots
l =6
odd-numbered slots
l =0
l =6 l =0
even-numbered slots
odd-numbered slots
Besides DM-RS, there are CSI, channel status information reference signals
defined, totally > 40 combinations of CSI mapping into the cell.
CSI = cell specific, to acquire channel state information
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
22
l =6
101
101
Codeword 1:
111000011101
100
011
ACK
000
Codeword 2:
010101010011
111
Codeword 2:
010101010011
001
111
ACK
Up to 8 times
the data
8 layers
Receiver only
sends
2 ACK/NACKs
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
23
MIB
#antennas
<0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>
<1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1>
<0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1>
=24bits
=16bits
Transport
block
CRC
attachment
Channel
coding
Rate
matching
24
no. of
soft
channel
bits
layer 2
buffer size
[bytes]
no. of
DL
spatial
layers
min.
no.
of DL
CC
256
QAM
in DL
64
QAM
in UL
UL
max.
bits
per TTI
comment
HD FDD
Type B
Rel
UE
CAT
DL
max.
bits per
TTI
12
1000
1000
25344
20 000
No
No
1000
10296
10296
250368
150 000
No
No
5160
51024
51024
1237248
700 000
No
No
25456
102048
75376
1237248
1 400 000
No
No
51024
150752
75376
1827072
1 900 000
No
No
51024
302752
151376
3667200
3 500 000
No
Yes
75376
10
301504
3654144
3 300 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
No
51024
10
301504
3654144
3 800 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
No
102048
10
2998560
35982720
42 200 000
No
Yes
149776
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
299856
UE
TTI
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
User Equipment
Transmission Time Interval
25
UE
CAT
DL
max.
bits per
TTI
11
452256
11
10
452256
11
11
DL
max. bits per transport
block
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
no. of
soft
channel
bits
layer 2
buffer size
[bytes]
no. of
DL
spatial
layers
min.
no.
of DL
CC
256
QAM
in DL
64
QAM
in UL
UL
max.
bits
per TTI
comment
5481216
4 800 000
2 or 4
2 or 3
No
No
51024
3CCs in DL
5481216
5 200 000
2 or 4
2 or 3
No
No
102048
3CCs in DL
2 or 4
2,3
or 4
51024
4CCs in
DL or
3CCs and
256QAM
(R12)
603008
7308288
6 700 000
2 or 4
2,3
or 4
No
No
102048
4CCs in
DL or
3CCs and
256QAM
(R12)
7308288
6 200 000
No
No
11
12
603008
12
13
391632
195816 (4 layers)
97896 (2 layers)
3654144
4 200 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
Yes
No
51024
= Cat 6 +
256 QAM
12
14
391632
195816 (4 layers)
97896 (2 layers)
3654144
4 700 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
Yes
No
102048
= Cat 7 +
256 QAM
12
15
3916560
391656
47431680
50 800 000
Yes
Yes
149776
= Cat 8 +
256 QAM
26
Rel
Mode
DCI
Format
Search Space
Channel State
Feedback from UE
1A
CQI
UE Specific
1A
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
2A
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
Multi-User MIMO
1D
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
1B
UE Specific
1A
UE Specific
1A
2B
UE Specific
1A
2C
UE Specific
1A
4
8
5
10
11
10
Transmit Diversity
Up to 8 layer transmission,TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
ports 7-14
2D
or single-antenna port, port 7 or 8
27
UE Specific
CQI
CQI,RI
CQI,RI, PMI
CQI, PMI
CQI, PMI
CQI
CQI (PMI&RI if
instructed by eNodeB)
-> pmi-RI-Report-r9 e.g.
in RRCConnectionSetup
CQI (PTI, PMI&RI if
instructed by eNodeB)
CQI (PTI, PMI&RI if
instructed by eNodeB)
multiple CSI reports (per
serving cell / CSI
process) possible
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12
28
29
WLAN offloading
Scenarios
30
WLAN offloading
Internet
3GPP
Access
Non-3GPP
Access
Manual
no handover,
only data
EPC/SGSN
Internet
3GPP
Access
UE
Non-3GPP
Access
UE
Voice
Video
Web
FTP
no session continuity
l Local IP address allocated by 3GPP or WLAN access network
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
31
32
WLAN offloading
Internet
3GPP
Access
Non-3GPP
Access
Handover
non-seamless,
all flows
EPC
Internet
3GPP
Access
UE
Non-3GPP
Access
UE
Voice
Video
Web
FTP
33
WLAN offloading
34
link to
binding
cache
different CoA
for RATs
35
36
37
38
39
40
open access or
private/partner Wi-Fi network
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
41
3GPP based
authentication
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
42
43
Neighbour
list
Neighbour
list
Neighbour
list
WLAN
Neighbour
list
?
?
There is no neighbour information between LTE and WLAN,
so some rules have to be defined how information is given
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
44
PDN-GW
ANDSF
Beacon (SSID1)
Beacon (SSID2)
GAS Initial Request
GAS Initial Response
Auth. / Assoc.
45
RAN rules
46
Broadcast (SIB17)
Offload Configuration
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
(info about current PLMN only)
TsteeringWLAN -Timer
Reference Signal Received Power RSRP (ThreshServingOffloadWLAN, P)
Reference Signal Received Quality RSRQ (ThreshServingOffloadWLAN, Q)
WLAN channel utilization (ThreshChUtilWLAN)
Available backhaul bandwidth for DL (ThreshBackhRateDLWLAN)
Available backhaul bandwidth for UL (ThreshBackhRateULWLAN)
Signal strength (RSSI) threshold for WLAN (ThreshBeaconRSSIWLAN)
Broadcast (SIB17)
SSID
BSSID
HESSID
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
47
=6
SystemInformationBlockType17-r12 ::= SEQUENCE {
wlan-OffloadInfoPerPLMN-List-r12 SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxPLMN-r11)) OF
WLAN-OffloadInfoPerPLMN-r12
OPTIONAL, -- Need OR
lateNonCriticalExtension
OCTET STRING
OPTIONAL,
...
}
WLAN-OffloadInfoPerPLMN-r12 ::=
wlan-OffloadConfigCommon-r12
wlan-Id-List-r12
...
}
SEQUENCE {
WLAN-OffloadConfig-r12
WLAN-Id-List-r12
OPTIONAL,
OPTIONAL,
-- Need OR
-- Need OR
=16
WLAN-Id-List-r12 ::=
WLAN-Identifiers-r12 ::=
ssid-r12
bssid-r12
hessid-r12
SEQUENCE {
OCTET STRING (SIZE (1..32))
OCTET STRING (SIZE (6))
OCTET STRING (SIZE (6))
OPTIONAL,
OPTIONAL,
OPTIONAL,
48
-- Need OR
-- Need OR
-- Need OR
49
ePDG Configuration
50
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12
51
Objective: allow devices in close proximity to detect each other and to communicate directly
with each other
Goal: reduce network load, increase capacity in a given bandwidth, allow communication in
areas without network coverage
Discovery Communication : independent features
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
52
D2D Communication
Sidelink Transmission
54
D2D Communication
New channels for Sidelink
Sidelink:
New notation for LTE D2D ProSe when referring to D2D/ProSes PC5 interface
STCH
SBCH
Logical Channels
Transport Channels
SL-SCH
SL-BCH
SL-DCH
SCI
Sidelink Control Information
Physical Channels
PSSCH
PSBCH
PSDCH
PSCCH
Physical
Sidelink Shared Channel
Physical
Sidelink Broadcast Channel
Physical
Sidelink Discovery Channel
Physical
Sidelink Control Channel
55
UE Capabilities
Attach Request
UE network capability IE
dd direct discovery
dc direct communication
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
56
57
58
Model A
discovery message
broadcast on PC5:
Here I am!
discovery message
broadcast on PC5:
Who is out there?
Are you out there?
here I am
announcing
UE
monitoring
UEs
discoverer
UE
discoveree
UE
59
PC3:
- based on HTTP
- ProSe messages in body of
HTML req./resp. messages
60
61
announcing UE,
sends discovery message
Message Type
8bit
32bit
184bit
From network
(Discovery Response)
MIC
8bit
232bit
62
PC5
Discovery message transparent to RLC/PDCP/RRC
Discovery supported in RRC-IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED state
63
RRC_CONNECTED
SIB19
change to
RRC_CONNECTED
RRC
signaling
Resource Pools
from which UE
can select from
(Type 1)
Resource Pools
from which UE
can select from
(Type 1)
RRC
signaling
64
assign dedicated
resources
(semi-persistent)
(Type 2B)
65
provided by
network when in
coverage
pre-configured
on UICC
pre-configured in
mobile
equipment
66
67
68
69
frequency
time
W=WAN=cellular
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
70
UM
Supports HARQ,
restricted to blind
retransmissions
without feedback
71
Direct Communication
Synchronization Aspects
For LTE D2D ProSe it will depend on the scenario and coverage situation how
synchronization between two devices is achieved
6RB
PSBCH
Sidelink ID (SID)
{0,1,M.,167}
device in coverage
{168,M, 335} device out of coverage
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
PSSS
SSSS
DMRS
PSBCH
Direct Communication
In-coverage?
No
Start
transmission of
SLSS, PSBCH
syncTxThreshIC
(SIB 18,19)
SIB 18, 19
Yes
No
Receive SLSS
from another
device above
threshold?
Start
transmission of
SLSS, PSBCH
Yes
RSRP above
threshold?
Yes
No
Yes
Synchronize to
SLSS from other
UE
syncTxThreshOoC
(preconfigured in UE)
SLSS: Sidelink Synchronization Signals
PSBCH: Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel, carries Master Information Block-Sidelink
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
73
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12
74
MTC
enhancements
LTE in unlicensed
spectrum
(aka LAA)
Single-cell Pointto-Multipoint
(SC-PTM)
Elevation
Beamforming /
Full-Dimension
MIMO
D2D
enhancements
Indoor
positioning
CA
enhancements
75