O Programa de Ao da Conferncia Internacional sobre Populao e

Desenvolvimento de 1994, que reuniu 179 pases no Cairo, estabeleceu que

todos os seres humanos tm direito a uma vida saudvel e produtiva, sem
discriminao, e que a promoo dos direitos individuais so fundamentais
para o crescimento econmico e o desenvolvimento sustentvel.
secretrio-geral da ONU, Ban Ki-moon
CIPD alm de 2014, reviso do Programa de Ao do Cairo que pretende
revelar o que funcionou melhor, como responder aos novos desafios, e,
finalmente, definir um conjunto de novas recomendaes para garantir um
mundo mais equitativo e sustentvel. O processo envolve todos os
governos, comunidades, instituies internacionais e setores da sociedade
civil.
Conquistas sobre nos ltimos 20 anos tm sido notveis, incluindo ganhos
de igualdade das mulheres, a sade da populao e expectativa de vida,
nvel educacional, e sistemas de proteo dos direitos humanos, com uma
estimativa de 1.2 bilho de pessoas que saram da pobreza extrema.
Temores de que o crescimento da populao j estavam diminuindo em
1994 continuaram a se atenuar, e a expanso da capacidade humana e
oportunidade, especialmente para as mulheres levou ao desenvolvimento
econmico, tem sido acompanhado pelo contnuo declnio na taxa de
crescimento populacional de 1,52 por cento ao ano em 1990-1995 para 1,15
em 2010-2015. Hoje, trajetrias demogrficas nacionais so mais
diversificadas do que em 1994, com os pases ricos da Europa, sia e
Amricas enfrentando rpido envelhecimento da populao, enquanto a
frica e alguns pases da sia se preparam para o maior contingente de
jovens que o mundo j viu, e os 49 pases mais pobres, particularmente na
frica sub-saariana, continuam a enfrentar a mortalidade prematura e de
alta fertilidade.
Nosso maior desafio compartilhado que as nossas prprias realizaes,
refletidas em como cada vez mais consumo humano e extrao de recursos
da terra, esto cada vez mais distribudos desigualmente, ameaando o
desenvolvimento inclusivo, o ambiente e o nosso futuro comum.
Pobreza
Usando uma definio mais multi-dimensional da pobreza, por exemplo, de
uma medida de privaes humanas em sade, educao e padro de vida,
estima-se que, para 104 pases estudados, cerca de 1,57 bilho de pessoas,
ou mais de 30 por cento da populao, vivem na pobreza multidimensional.
De fato, o nmero de pessoas vivendo em pobreza multidimensional supera
o das pessoas que vivem em situao de pobreza de renda, em muitos
pases de rpido crescimento do Sul.

States should develop, strengthen and implement effective, integrated,

coordinated and coherent national strategies to eradicate poverty and break
the cycles of exclusion and inequality as a condition for achieving
development, also targeting persons belonging to marginalized or
disadvantaged groups, in both urban and rural areas, guaranteeing for all
people the chance to live a life free from poverty, and to enjoy protection
and exercise of their human rights.
States should accord the highest priority to poverty eradication by ensuring
that all persons have equal opportunities to share in the fruits of economic
and social development, to find productive employment, and live in peace
and dignity, free from discrimination, injustice, fear, want or disease.

Morbidade e Mortalidade Materna

States should eliminate preventable maternal mortality and morbidity as

urgently as possible by strengthening health systems and thereby ensuring
universal access to quality prenatal care, skilled attendance at birth,
emergency obstetric care, and postnatal care for all women, including those
living in rural and remote areas.
States should implement measures to ensure the elimination of obstetric
fistula through the provision of high quality maternal health care to all
women, and provide for the rehabilitation and reintegration of fistula
survivors into their communities. Maternal morbidity should be utilized as an
indicator of quality sexual and reproductive health services and the
progressive realization of womens right to health.
States should recognize and address the rising burden of reproductive
cancers associated with rising life expectancy, especially breast and cervical
cancer, by investing in routine screening at primary care, and referral to
skilled cancer providers at higher levels of care.

Educao

Promoo da igualdade de gnero

States should enact or review, strengthen and enforce, laws against

workplace discrimination of women, guaranteeing women the same access
as men to formal and secure employment, with equal pay for equal work
States should ensure universal access to paid parental leave for both
mothers and fathers, including adoptive parents; universal access to highquality infant and child care for working parents, including extended afterschool care; and establish and enforce laws that require that public and
private workplaces accommodate the needs of breastfeeding mothers.
States should ensure equal opportunities for women to contribute to society
as leaders, managers, and decision-makers, granting them access to
positions of power that is equal to those of men in all sectors of public life.
As part of these efforts, it is important to address public views and values
regarding sexism or other forms of discrimination, including through creative
communication and education campaigns, and monitor these on a regular
basis as indicators of social development.

Promoo da igualdade de acesso educao para meninas e mulheres

States should implement their commitments to promote and protect the

rights of girls through enacting and implementing targeted and coordinated
policies and programmes that concretely address: a) ensuring gender parity
in their access to school; b) providing comprehensive sexuality education; c)
reducing adolescent pregnancy; d) enabling the reintegration of pregnant
girls and young mothers into education at all levels, with a view towards
empowering the girl child and young women towards achieving their fullest
potential; and e) eliminating of harmful traditional practices such as child,
early and forced marriage and FGM/C.
States should commit to and support early and life-long learning, including
pre-primary education, to ensure that every child, regardless of
circumstance, completes primary education and is able to read, write and
count, to undertake creative problem-solving, and to responsibly exercise
their freedoms. States should also ensure access to secondary education for
all and expand post-secondary opportunities; enable the acquisition of new
skills and knowledge at all ages; and enhance vocational education and
training, and work-directed learning linked to the new and emerging
economies.

Direitos reprodutivos

Informao e servios sobre mtodos contraceptivos

States must, as a matter of urgency, provide widespread and high-quality

information and counseling regarding the benefits and risks of a full range of
affordable, accessible, quality contraceptive methods, with special attention
to dual method use with male or female condoms given the continuing risk
of STIs and HIV, and ensure access to both contraceptive knowledge and
commodities irrespective of marital status.

Aborto

States should strive to eliminate the need for abortion by providing

universal access to comprehensive sexuality education starting in
adolescence, and sexual and reproductive health services, including modern
methods of contraception, to all persons in need; by providing widespread
affordable access to male and female condoms, and timely and confidential
access to emergency contraception; by implementing school and media
programmes that foster gender equitable values and couple negotiations
over issues of sex and contraception; and by respecting, protecting and
promoting human rights through the enforcement of laws that allow women
and girls to live free from gender based violence.
Educao e Informao sobre Sade Sexual e Reprodutiva

States should review all such policies and remove legal, regulatory and
social barriers to reproductive health information and care for adolescents.
States should recognize that comprehensive sexuality education, consistent
with the evolving capacities of young people both in and out of school is
essential to enable them to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy,
HIV and sexually transmitted infections, to promote values of tolerance,
mutual respect and non-violence in relationships, and to plan their lives.
States should design and implement comprehensive sexuality education
programmes that provide accurate information, taking into account
scientific data and evidence, about human sexuality, including growth and
development, anatomy and physiology; reproduction, pregnancy and
childbirth; contraception; HIV and STIs; family life and inter-personal
relationships; culture and sexuality; human rights protection, fulfilment and
empowerment; non-discrimination, equality and gender roles; sexual
behaviour; sexual abuse, gender based violence and harmful practices; as
well as youth-friendly programmes to explore values, attitudes and norms
concerning sexual and social relationships; promote the acquisition of skills
and encourage young people to assume responsibility for their own
behaviour and to respect the rights of others; are gender-sensitive and lifeskills based; and provide young people with the knowledge, skills and
efficacy to make informed decisions about their sexuality.

Adolescentes e Juventude/Populao Idosa

States should invest in building young peoples capabilities and equip them
with the skills to meet the labour demands of the current and emerging
economies, and develop labour protection policies and programmes that
ensure employment which is safe, secure, non-discriminatory, and which
provides a decent wage and opportunities for career development. Efforts
must also include a focus on productive investment in technologies,
machineries, and infrastructure, and the sustainable use of natural
resources to create employment opportunities for young people.

States should modify legislation, design and planning guidelines, and

infrastructure to ensure that the increasing number of older, single persons
have access to needed and appropriate housing, transport, recreation and
the amenities of communal life. States should adapt policies and
programmes on sexual health to better meet the changing sexual needs of
older persons.
States should ensure the social protection and income security of older
persons, with particular consideration for older women, those living in
isolation and those providing unpaid care, by extending pension systems
and noncontributory allowances, and by strengthening intergenerational
solidarity, and by ensuring the inclusion and equitable participation of older
persons in the design and implementation of policies, programmes and
plans that affect their lives.

States should strengthen health and care systems by promoting universal

access to an integrated, balanced continuum of care through old age,
including chronic disease management, end-of-life and palliative care
States should monitor and eradicate all forms of discrimination in
employment against older persons, develop labour protection policies and
programmes that ensure employment which is safe, secure, and which
provides a decent wage.
Indivduos pertencentes a populaes marginalizadas
Estados, tambm atravs dos governos locais, devem suprir a necessidade
de habitao pblica; fornecer habitao a preos acessveis e o
desenvolvimento de infra-estrutura que prioriza a urbanizao de favelas e
de regenerao das reas urbanas; e comprometer-se a melhorar a
qualidade dos assentamentos humanos de modo que todas as pessoas
tenham acesso a servios bsicos, habitao, gua e saneamento e
transporte, com especial ateno segurana, especialmente para prevenir
a violncia baseada no gnero.
States should promote development that will foster and facilitate linkages
between urban and rural areas in recognition of their economic, social and
environmental interdependence, including the development and equitable
distribution of satellite and nodal centres of excellence in health, education,
business, transportation and communications, to promote mobility,
opportunity and economic growth for those residing in urban centres, small
and medium towns and rural areas alike.

Violncia contra a Mulher

States should adopt and implement legislation, policies and measures that
prevent, punish and eradicate gender based violence within and outside of
the family, as well as in conflict and post-conflict situations. Laws that
exonerate perpetrators of violence against women and girls, including
provisions that allow them to evade punishment if they marry the victim, or
are the partners or husbands of the victims should be revised. Sexual
violence should also be eliminated from post-conflict amnesty provisions
within the framework of strengthened legislation and enforcement to end
impunity. States should enhance their capacity to recognize and prevent
violence, ensure the provision of services that can mitigate the
consequences of violence and enable the full rehabilitation of those who
experience it. In addition states should strengthen routine monitoring, and
extend research into important unaddressed issues such as the number of
people living in conditions of sustained fear; violence within schools, prisons
and the military; the causes and consequences of violence; the
effectiveness of interventions, and of laws and systems for the protection
and recovery of victims and/or survivors. States should further ensure that
all victims/survivors of gender based violence have immediate access to
critical services, including 24-hour hotlines; psychosocial and mental health

support; treatment of injuries; post-rape care, including emergency

contraception, post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention and access to
safe abortion services in all cases of violence, rape and incest; police
protection, safe housing and shelter; documentation of cases, forensic
services and legal aid; and referrals and longer-term support

Prticas tradicionais nocivas: Mutilao Genital Feminina e casamento

infantil
States should develop, support and implement comprehensive and
integrated strategies for the eradication of FGM/C, including the training of
social workers, medical personnel, community and religious leaders and
relevant professionals, and ensure that they provide competent, supportive
services and care to women and girls who are at risk of, or who have
undergone, FGM/C, and establish formal mechanisms for reporting to the
appropriate authorities cases in which they believe women or girls are at
risk, and ensure that health professionals are able to recognize and address
health complications arising from FGM/C.
States should initiate national campaigns, including through information and
education curricula and the ability of the school/formal education and

informal education/system and community groups to eliminate sexism,

including violence against women and girls, and promote male and boys
participation and equal sharing of responsibility, including through the
establishment of special schools for men and boys and other communitybased institutions, to enable awareness, exposure and behaviour change.

States should preserve the dignity and rights of women and girls by
eradicating all harmful practices, including child, early and forced marriages
through integrated multi-sector strategies including the universal adoption
and enforcement of laws that criminalize marriage below age 18, and
through widespread campaigns to create awareness around the harmful
health and life consequences of early marriages, supporting national targets
and incentives to eliminate this practice within a generation.

AIDS/HIV

States and global health partners should address the stark disparities in the
success of HIV prevention in different parts of the world, and among
different population groups; undertake research to understand the
underlying causes of such disparities; and share proven policy lessons to
reduce HIV infections in high incidence populations.