CARGA Y DESCARGA DE CARROTANQUES

Preparado por:
Aprobado por CUS:
Aprobado por CUP:
Departamento:
Custodio:
Practica No.

O. Pinilla
C. Echeverry/J. Pineda
M. Villegas/C. Ortega
HSE
HSE
HSE-001-XX-99

Estado de Control:
Fecha Edicin:
Fecha Revisin:
Revisin Nmero:
Prxima Revisin:

Documento Controlado

1. OBJETIVO Y ALCANCE
Definir los objetivos, generales y especficos,
cuestin.

y requisitos mnimos acerca de la prctica en

2. DEFINICIONES
Electricidad Esttica

Es la electrificacin de materiales por contacto fsico y separacin y puede

tener distintos efectos como resultado de la carga positiva y negativa que
se forma de esta manera. La electricidad esttica se genera cuando los
materiales entran en contacto con otros materiales, por ejemplo, al verter,
mezclar, bombear, filtrar, agitar, frotar o deslizar.

Chispa Esttica

Una descarga de electricidad por una brecha entre dos puntos que no
estn en contacto.

Empalme

El proceso de conectar dos o ms objetos conductores mediante una

forma de conductor para reducir las posibles diferencias entre objetos
conductores.. El empalme "iguala" la potencia entre los objetos.

Polo a Tierra

El proceso de conectar uno o varios objetos conductores a la tierra para

reducir la posibilidad de diferencias entre los objetos y la tierra. El polo a
tierra disipa la carga elctrica en la tierra.

3. FRECUENCIA
Las prcticas se revisarn anualmente o cuando las circunstancias o condiciones lo requieran.

4. DOCUMENTO DE REFERENCIA
California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 6651. Subchapter 14. Petroleum Safety Orders-Drilling and Production .Article 46. Liquid Loading and Unloading Facilities and Operations.

5. PRCTICA
Flammable liquids are used in many different ways. They present unique hazards to the people
that use them. Flammable liquids can cause a fire or explosion, and like many other substances,
they can also cause serious health effects from overexposure. The vapors of a flammable liquid
often present the most serious hazard. The vapors can easily ignite or explode. Flammable liquid
vapors are heavier than air and may settle in low spots, or move a significant distance from the
liquid itself.

Riesgo de Incendio
To minimize the risk of ignition of the flammable liquid or vapors, follow these precautions:

Always check the MSDS for the material you're using to understand the specific hazards
involved.

Store flammable liquids away from corrosives, oxidizers, and ignition sources.

Never smoke in an area where flammable liquids are used or stored.

Minimize the amount of flammable liquids used.

Ground and bond flammable liquid containers to prevent static charge buildup.

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as splash aprons and goggles when
handling flammable liquids.

Riesgos para la Salud

Flammable liquids also present health hazards from overexposure. The MSDS for the material
you're using will list the allowable exposures. Overexposures to flammable liquids can cause a
variety of effects.
Inhalation of flammable liquids can cause irritation to the respiratory passages, nausea,
headaches, muscle weakness, drowsiness, loss of coordination, disorientation, confusion,
unconsciousness, and death.
Skin contact with flammable liquids can cause the skin's oils to be removed, resulting in irritated,
cracked, dry skin, rashes, and dermatitis.
Eye contact with flammable liquids can cause burning, irritation, and eye damage.
Ingestion of flammable liquids can irritate the digestive tract, cause poisoning, and death.
Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) can help prevent exposure to flammable liquids.
Use PPE faithfully to protect your good health.
Flammable liquids are used widely in many workplace and home situations. Careless mistakes and
safety shortcuts lead to serious problems when it comes to flammable liquids. Their hazards are
deadly. Flammable liquids deserve a healthy respect for their dangers. When you use them, be on
guard against the hazards. You can prevent problems from occurring by using your good sense
and following the MSDS precautions, and the instructions contained in this week's Tail Gate Safety
Topic.

Prctica de
Salud Ocupacional
Seguridad Industrial
Medio Ambiente

LOADING AND UNLOADING

(a) During the loading and unloading of flammable liquids into or from truck or trailer tanks, no
repairs, adjustments, or other operations shall be performed upon a truck, truck engine, trailer,
truck tank, or trailer tank.
(b) During the loading and unloading of a tank truck or trailer, the truck engine shall be stopped
and the cab shall be unoccupied, unless the cargo is moved by means of the truck engine or an
auxiliary engine with controls located in the cab, in which case the cab may be occupied by the
truck operator.
(c) When a tank truck engine or an auxiliary internal combustion engine is being used to furnish
power to transfer a flammable liquid, the vapors that may be liberated by such transfer shall be
prevented from reaching the truck or auxiliary engine. If necessary, the vapors shall be piped to a
safe location.
(d) During the loading and unloading of a tank truck or trailer, a qualified person shall be at or near
the loading or unloading controls.
In loading and unloading of tank cars, tank trucks or trailers, provision shall be made for the safe
disposal of the liquids released by overflow or from hose spouts or lines.
During loading and unloading, handbrakes must be set and other precautions taken to
prevent movement of the vehicle.
Cylinders and other containers with valves or other fittings should be loaded in such a
way as to avoid damage during transportation.
6.Protective clothing and personal safety equipment

full-body coverall (chemical coverall) or chemical protective suit

sturdy shoes or acid-resistant boots

closed protective glasses or visor with full mask

helmet or helmet with neck guard

acid-resistant protective gloves

The specific protective clothing and equipment to be used must be stipulated in substancerelated and workplace-related company rules.
Vehicle drivers must carry the protective equipment readily available in the vehicle. This also
applies to the transport of empty tanks which have not yet been cleaned.
7.1.1 Equipment for the loading and unloading stations
Take precautions to prevent the movement of the tanker during the loading and unloading
operations.
Restrict entry to the loading area to that required to follow the work instructions.
7.1.2 Working platform

The working platform of the loading station should have folding steps and the following
equipment should be installed on the working platform:

the filling arm or arms.

devices for leak detection testing

flushing water connection

safety equipment such as eye shower and emergency shower

emergency switch to stop the loading operation

7.1.3 Filling arm

The filling arm must be made from a suitable material and the following equipment must be
attached:

a shut-off valve

a connection to an extractor or gas displacement line

a safeguard against overfilling

a drip collector

7.1.4 Loading area

The loading and unloading areas should be built in such a way that leaks, spillage and overflow
is collected and led to a safe place.
7.2.2 Suitability of the tanks
Ensure that:

The tank has been approved for nitric acid use:

The related approval of the tank use must be checked before a tank may be filled. Local
procedures are required to ensure that such an approval exists.
In the case of rail tanks, check the date of the next tank inspection. The inspection date is written
on the casing. Do not fill or transport a rail tank if the date of the next inspection has been passed.
Note: Empty tank wagons which have not been cleaned may be transported for the purpose of

taking them for inspection, even if the inspection date has been passed.

The tank is clean:

Tanks may only be filled with dangerous goods if they cannot produce a hazardous

Prctica de
Salud Ocupacional
Seguridad Industrial
Medio Ambiente

reaction with the residual content. Before loading, the cleaning agency should hand
over an original cleanliness document stating that the tank has been cleaned using
an appropriate method and is free of contaminants. Alternatively, there should be a
statement that the previous product was identical and the tank is free of
contamination.

The tank equipment is suitable for nitric acid:

The hose material and the couplings used for unloading must not react with nitric
acid (for example, bronze couplings are unsuitable).

The tank and equipment are undamaged:

Do not use damaged tanks for transporting nitric acid. Check visually before filling
to ensure that the tank is free from mechanical damage, such as dents or cracks. Do
not fill the tank if any obvious defects are found at the loading point.
The tank equipment may also have defects in addition to mechanical damage to the
tank. Pay special attention to the seals during filling. All the seals must be present,
suitable and free of damage. Replace any missing, damaged or deficient seals.
Replace any missing items of equipment before transportation. This applies
particularly to nuts, bolts and securing pins etc., in the case of tank wagons.

7.2.3 Maximum and minimum filling levels

Regulations for dangerous goods stipulate maximum and minimum filling levels for liquids in tanks.
These filling levels do not relate to the maximum permitted weight for road transport or the weight
limits for specific routes in rail transport. On the contrary they relate to the expansion of the loaded
product due to rising temperature.
Minimum filling levels exist only for tanks with a volume greater than 7500 litres and which have no
internal baffles. The minimum filling level is generally 80% at a reference temperature of 15C. The
minimum filling level does not apply to rail tank wagons.
The maximum filling depends on:

the type of tank

cubic expansion coefficient

filling temperature

dangerous goods classification

the means of transport.

11. Unloading operations

11.1 Requirements for loading and unloading
The unloading areas should be built in such a way that acid from leaks, spillage and overflow is
collected and led to a safe place.

Restrict entry to the unloading area to that required to follow the work instructions. Take
precautions to prevent the movement of the tanker during unloading operations.
warning: NEVER OPEN THE RISING PIPE FIRST

11.2 Checklists
The emptying of tanks should be documented using checklists. The sample checklists in
Annexes 4 and 5 may be used after deleting the points which relate exclusively to loading. The
sample checklists may need the addition of plant-related points.
The obligations specified in the checklists are described in the following sections.

Inspections before emptying tanks

Before emptying tanks ensure:

the tank contains the desired product (in particular that it is the correct tank chamber
to be emptied).

emptying takes place using only materials, seals, equipment and protective linings
which have no dangerous reactions with nitric acid or which produce dangerous
products or are substantially weakened by the dangerous products.

El tanque de recibo tiene capacidad para recibir el volumen en carrotanque.

11.5 Tightness of emptied tanks

Empty tanks which have not been cleaned must be sealed as tightly as full tanks.
Pay attention to the handling of empty tanks and in particular to:-

preventing the release of dangerous quantities of gases and vapours and taking the
necessary action (e.g. gas displacement, extraction).

closing the shut-off devices located nearest to the product first. This will prevent
product from accumulating between the bottom valve and the discharge valve.

relieving the pressure in the tank after pressurised emptying.

clearing product from the tank pipes and hoses used for emptying before continuing the
transport run.

Further duties when emptying tanks

Park and secure the vehicles before emptying, according to regulations. Make tank wagons
safe against collision and/or unintentional movement.

Prctica de
Salud Ocupacional
Seguridad Industrial
Medio Ambiente

Switch off the engine of the vehicle if it is not required for operating pumps or other
equipment for emptying the vehicle.
Ensure that connection elements to emptying devices comply with the same safety
requirements as the means of transport. Ensure that the filling and emptying pipes not located
permanently on the vehicle tank are empty after emptying the tank and during transit.
Remove any contamination or hazardous residues adhering to the outside of the empty tanks
before transit.

38. Electricidad Esttica

a) Los hidrocarburos pueden cargarse con electricidad esttica con el bombeo, llenado de agua,
o por colocar agua dentro de ellos. Las tasas de flujo de alta velocidad aumentan la
generacin de esttica la cual puede dar como resultado una chispa en la superficie.
b) Un tasa baja de flujo ayuda a no producir y a disipar rpidamente una carga esttica.
c) Cuando se vierten fluidos no conductores desde un contenedor a un recipiente, entonces el
contenedor, el recipiente y el embudo, Si se usa, deben ser conectados juntos y a tierra.
Todos los equipos deben ser metlicos. La vasijas receptoras y las boquillas de carga o
mangueras debern conectarse a tierra durante las operaciones de transferencia.
d) Cuando sea practico, se deben mantener mantas de gas inerte sobre el liquido en el
almacenamiento cuando se realizan operaciones de filtracin.
e) Otros elementos de uso comn los cuales pueden ocasionar la generacin de electricidad
esttica sino se Aterrizan apropiadamente son: maquinas de vapor, maquinas de agua de
alta presin, ventiladores, chorro de arena e incluso finos aerosoles de agua usados en
actividades contra incendio.
f)

Guardas deben incluir boquillas de conexin y el uso de mangueras anti esttica Estas ultimas
se deben marcar a intervalos de tres metros.

39. Conexiones a Tierra

Llenado o Descargue de Carro-tanques
Se deben hacer conexiones de empalme durante el cargue o descargue de carrotanques
cuando los lquidos tienen un punto de ignicin de 100 grados F (38 grados Centgrados) o
inferior y cuando puede haber presencia de vapores de estos lquidos en el tanque.
Se deben hacer conexiones de empalme cuando est abierta la tapa del tanque y se deben
dejar hasta cuando se cierre y se asegure la tapa despus de terminar de cargar o
descargar.
El empalme deber hacerse con cable metlico de empalme conectado permanentemente a
alguna clase de estructura que est en contacto con el tanque que se carga o descarga.
El extremo libre del cable debe tener un gancho o dispositivo similar para conectarlo
correctamente.
Los cables de empalme pueden sea aislados o sin aislamiento.
El aislamiento de los cables se debe probar anualmente. Las pruebas debern incluir todo el
circuito de empalme, y debern estar documentadas

a) Todas las conexiones a tierra en los tanques o plantas de proceso deben estar sujetas a
pruebas de continuidad las cuales las debe realizar un miembro del Departamento
Elctrico y se deben conservar registros de estas pruebas.
b) Todos los tanques, vasijas, tubos, ductos y bandejas, barandas y vas de acceso estn
conectadas a tierra para asegurar que la generacin potencial de esttica se evitara
mediante un continuo drenaje a tierra.
c) Todos los cerramientos metlicos, placas de prensa estopa, prensa estopa para cables tienen
continuidad a tierra mediante conexin fsica.
d) Cuando el punto estrella de un transformador no esta aterrizado, o el secundario esta
conectado delta y por lo tanto no aterrizado, entonces todos los cerramientos metlicos
de los aparatos elctricos debern estar conectados y aterrizados. La necesidad
equipotencial de las reas es la misma que en un sistema aterrizado

6. RESPONSABILIDADES

Gerentes de Campo

Asegurar que se implemente una poltica clara con respecto a cada prctica.

Autoridad de Area

Asegurar que el personal bajo su control estn capacitados y que conozcan los riesgos
involucrados en su trabajo de acuerdo a los delineamientos especficos de cada prctica.

Bodega de Materiales

Asegurar que todos los materiales y equipos sean almacenados y manipulados de acuerdo a
los delineamientos especficos de cada prctica.

Personal HSE

Asesorar y asistir cuando se requiera sobre las opciones, regulaciones, normas y prcticas.

Revisar, actualizar y mantener de las prcticas.

Empleados

Conocer y entender los requerimientos de seguridad de esta prctica con respecto a los
riesgos potenciales de sus labores en el sitio de trabajo.

Participar en todos los entrenamientos, programas y requerimientos de esta prctica.

Desarrollar las labores asignadas dentro del marco y requerimientos de esta prctica y dems
normas y procedimientos aplicables.

Prctica de
Salud Ocupacional
Seguridad Industrial
Medio Ambiente

Inmediatamente corregir o informar a su supervisor o persona responsable cualquier problema

relacionado con Seguridad Industrial, Salud Ocupacional o Medio Ambiente.

Control Revisin
Rev. Date

Autoridad

Revisor

Detalles Revisin

7. LISTA DE CHEQUEO

La lista de chequeo formula las preguntas claves para que se pueda realizar el trabajo en forma
segura, de acuerdo a los delineamientos especficos de cada prctica.
Si

No

N/A

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Prctica de
Salud Ocupacional
Seguridad Industrial
Medio Ambiente