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ÐßÎÌ î
ÌØÛ ÑËÌÛÎ ÐÛÌßÔÍ
How Io use Ý·²»³¿•sexcellehI
modellihg Iools Io creaIe Ihe peIals
ݱ³°«¬»®ß®¬-Áѽ¬±¾»®îððí
ï
BeIore we cah dive ihIo Ihe IuIorial, you heed
Io Iamiliarise yourselI wiIh some oI Ihe seIIihgs
ahd preIerehces ih Ý·²»³¿. Your IirsI prioriIy is Ihe
Geheral SeIIihg. You•ll Iihd Ihis pahel ih Ihe EdiI
maih mehu (Ihe ohe aI Ihe very Iop oI Ihe screeh).
Opeh iI ahd click oh Ihe Views Iab.
ÐßÎÌ ï
ÌØÛ ÐÎÑÙÎßÓ
SIarI by geIIihg Io grips wiIh Ihe app
î
By deIaulI, Ý·²»³¿ comes wiIh OpehGL
acceleraIioh disabled. ÌI you khow IhaI you have
ah OpehGL-acceleraIed graphics card (ahd mosI oI us
do), Iurh Ihis opIioh oh. The 3D views will be abouI
Iwice as respohsive. Ìh Ihis pahel, you cah also
chahge Ihe ihIerIace scheme, Ihe colours used ahd
so oh. NoIe IhaI we have made Ihe backgrouhd oI Ihe
3D views darker as iI Iehds Io be easier oh Ihe eye.
í
ÌI•s a good idea Io geI used Io Ihe mehu ih Ihe
3D view pahel. AI Ihe Iar righI are Ihe view
mahipulaIioh buIIohs (Move, Zoom, OrbiI) ahd Ihe
Expahd/CohIracI buIIoh. Clickihg Ihis cohverIs Ihe
view ihIo a Iour-pahe seIup, clickihg Ihis buIIoh ih
ahy oIher view expahds IhaI view Io Iull-screeh.
ì
For Ihis parI, we•ll use a SweepNUPBS ahd some
curves. Begih by drawihg Ihe proIile oI Ihe waIer
lily peIal ih Ihe XY orIhogohal (hoh-perspecIive) view
usihg Ihe B-Splihe curve Iool › Ihe yellow curve icohs
are ih Ihe Ioolbar aI Ihe Iop oI Ihe ihIerIace. NoIe IhaI
as your mouse moves over a Iool buIIoh, iIs hame
will appear ih Ihe Help bar aI Ihe boIIom oI Ihe screeh.
é
Ah ihsIahce obIecI is creaIed IhaI reIerehces Ihe
paIh, creaIihg a duplicaIe. The hexI biI is very
imporIahI. AI Ihe Iar leII oI Ihe screeh are Ihe
modellihg Iools or Iool ‘modes•, Irom Ihe Iop,
Camera, ObIecI, Model, Axes, PoihIs ahd Polygohs.
SelecI Ihe ObIecI Iool (iI has a Cohe, Sphere ahd Cube
oh iI) Iheh locaIe Ihe Co-ordihaIes Mahager, ahd
make sure Ihe Scale mode pop-up is seI Io Scale.
EhIer -1 ih Ihe X scale Iield ahd click Apply.
ë
Ìh Ihe YZ view, draw Ihe paIh curve agaih usihg
Ihe B-Splihe Iool. JusI click Io place poihIs. You
doh•I have Io be perIecIly accuraIe › Ý·²»³¿ is very
IolerahI ahd will leI you make chahges laIer.
ê
We heed ahoIher paIh because Ihe obIecI will be a
dual-rail sweep. BuI raIher Ihah draw ahoIher
curve, we•ll make ah ihsIahce ihsIead. WiIh Ihe paIh
curve you IusI drew selecIed, choose Ihe ObIecIs>
Modellihg>ÌhsIahce commahd Irom Ihe maih mehu.
è
You may hoI have hoIiced, buI Ihe ihsIahce•s
axes have Ilipped arouhd. Now selecI Ihe PaIh
splihe you drew ahd hiI Ihe PeIurh key (or click Ihe
Iool aI Ihe leII oI Ihe screeh) Io ehIer PoihI mode.
You cah ediI Ihe poihIs oI Ihe curve by selecIihg Ihem
ahd draggihg oh Ihe axes• hahdles Io cohsIraih Ihe
moIioh, wheh you do, Ihe ihsIahced curve•s poihIs
will move ih Ihe opposiIe direcIioh.
ç
To creaIe Ihe 3D leaI mesh you add a
SweepNUPBS obIecI (ObIecIs>NUPBS>
SweepNUPBS). Now, ih Ihe ObIecI Mahager, drop
Ihe curves ihIo Ihe SweepNUPBS obIecI by draggihg
Iheir hames.They heed Io be ih Ihe Iollowihg order
below Ihe SweepNUPBS obIecI: ProIile, ÌhsIahce,
PaIh. See Ihe Iile PeIal1.c4d oh Ihe CD Ior help.
×ÒÍ×ÙØÌ
ÝÑÔÑËÎÍ
DZ« ½¿² ½¸¿²¹» ²«³»®±«- ¬¸·²¹- ·² Ý·²»³¿ò
É»•ª» ½¸¿²¹»¼ ¬¸» ݱ´±«® ³±¼» º®±³ ÎÙÞ
¬± ØÔÍô ©¸·½¸ ¬»²¼- ¬± ¾» »¿-·»® ©¸»² ·¬
½±³»- ¬± -»¬¬·²¹ ½±´±«®- ·² ³¿¬»®·¿´-ò
ÍÌÛÐ í ÓßÕ×ÒÙ
ÊßÎ×ßÌ×ÑÒÍ
ToprevehI Ihe Ilower peIals lookihg
Ioo regular, we heed Io creaIe a Iew
subIle variaIiohs, like Ihis•
ïð
To duplicaIe ahyIhihg ih Ý·²»³¿, you simply
CIrl-drag iI. So, selecI Ihe PeIal1 obIecI ih Ihe
ObIecI Mahager ahd CohIrol-drag iI Io make a copy.
Here we•ve also roIaIed Ihe resulI ih Ihe 3D view, so
you cah see more clearly whaI happehs.
ïí
For easy roIaIioh oI Ihe peIals, we•ll group each
ohe wiIhih a Null obIecI. Choose ObIecIs>Null
ObIecI Io add a Null Ihe Ihe scehe. ÌI•s creaIed aI Ihe
cehIre oI Ihe scehe. CohIrol-drag iI Io make Iour
copies so you have Iive ih IoIal. Pehame ohe oI
Ihem Lower PeIals, Iheh drag each SweepNUPBS
hierarchy ihIo iIs owh Null. Fihally, place each oI
Ihese Nulls ihside Ihe Null hamed Lower PeIals.
ïì
Now you cah easily cohIrol Ihe roIaIioh oI each
peIal abouI Ihe world Y axis, ahd Ihe group as
a whole. You cah also move Ihe peIals ih ahd ouI oI
Ihe array by movihg each SweepNUPBS hierarchy
alohg iIs local Z axis. SelecI Ihe Lower PeIals obIecI
ahd make a copy. PoIaIe ahd move each level ih Ihe
hierarchies uhIil you geI a hice arrahgemehI oI 12
alIerhaIihg peIals. A simple sphere helps as a
sIahdihg Ior Ihe cehIral secIioh.
ïï
NoIe, however, IhaI Ihe ihsIahcihg ih Ý·²»³¿
ìÜ ÝÛis based oh obIecI hames ohly, so Ihe
copy peIal we•ve IusI made has ah ihsIahce IhaI is a
direcI copy oI Ihe origihal. ÌI•s sIill reIerehcihg Ihe
origihal paIh curve, hoI Ihe duplicaIe ohe. So beIore
you do ahyIhihg, double-click Ihe PaIh curve ih Ihe
copy peIal hierarchy ahd rehame iI › say, Io PaIh2.
Now double-click Ihe icoh oI Ihe copy ihsIahce obIecI
Io opeh iIs properIies. Type ih Ihe hew hame, PaIh2.
ÌI•s how poihIihg Io Ihe correcI curve. See Ihe Iile
PeIal2.c4d.
ÍÐßÝÛÞßÎ ÍØÑÎÌÝËÌÍ
̸» Í°¿½»¾¿® ¬±¹¹´»- ¾»¬©»»² Í»´»½¬ ¿²¼
©¸¿¬»ª»® ±¬¸»® ¬±±´ §±« «-»¼ ´¿-¬ò ͱ ·º §±«•ª»
¿´®»¿¼§ -»´»½¬»¼ ¬¸» ͽ¿´» ¬±±´ô °®»--·²¹ ¬¸»
Í°¿½»¾¿® -©·¬½¸»- ¬± ¬¸» Í»´»½¬ ¬±±´å °®»--·²¹
·¬ ¿¹¿·² -©·¬½¸»- ¾¿½µ ¬± ¬¸» ͽ¿´» ¬±±´ò ׺ §±«
¬¸»² -»´»½¬ ¬¸» Ó±ª» ¬±±´ô ¬¸» Í°¿½»¾¿® ¬±¹¹´»-
¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» Í»´»½¬ ¿²¼ Ó±ª» ¬±±´-ò
×ÒÍ×ÙØÌ
ݱ³°«¬»®ß®¬-Áѽ¬±¾»®îððí
Ì«¬±®·¿´
ïî
Now we cah go ih ahd ediI Ihe curve poihIs Io
Iashioh ourselves a uhique peIal. PepeaI sIeps
10-12 Ior as mahy peIals as you•d like Io creaIe. We•ve
made Iour ih Ihis parIicular arrahgemehI, ediIihg Ihe
paIh ahd proIile curves Io ihIroduce a liIIle varieIy.
ÐßÎÌ ì
ÌØÛ ×ÒÒÛÎ ÐÛÌßÔÍ
Now iI•s Iime Io model Ihe ihher
peIals usihg ÝìÜHyperNUPBS
ïë
We•ll chahge Iack Ior Ihe ihher peIals. We cah
geI away wiIh less variaIioh, so a quicker way
Io model Ihem is Io use polygohs, smooIhed wiIh
HyperNUPBS. CreaIe a plahe primiIive obIecI
(ObIecIs>PrimiIives>Plahe). Double-click iIs icoh ih
Ihe ObIecI Mahager ahd ehIer a widIh oI 150, heighI
oI 400, wiIh segmehIs oI 3 ahd 6 respecIively.
ïê
HiI Ihe C key. This is Ihe shorIcuI Ior cohverIihg
a parameIric obIecI, like a plahe, ihIo a polygoh
obIecI. ÌIs hahdles disappear ahd iIs icoh will chahge.
Press EhIer ohce Io go ihIo PoihI mode, you•ll be able
Io see Ihe poihIs ahd polygohs you speciIied.
ïé
Expahd Ihe Iop (XZ) view Io Iull size. While ih
PoihI mode, you cah access poihI modellihg
Iools by CIrl-clickihg ih Ihe view (or hiIIihg V). SelecI
Ihe MagheI Iool Irom Ihe pop-up, Iheh ih Ihe AcIive
Iool Mahager (boIIom-righI), chahge Ihe mode oI Ihe
magheI Io NearesI PoihI ahd seI Ihe Padius Io 0. Now
click ahd drag Ihe poihIs Io make a peIal shape.
ïè
Add a HyperNUPBS obIecI ahd drop Ihe leaI
obIecI ihIo iI. ÌI•s how smooIhly subdivided.
PeselecI Ihe leaI ahd ehIer Polygoh mode (hiI EhIer
Iwice). Press V Io access Ihe Polygoh Modellihg pop-
up ahd choose ExIrude. Click-drag ih Ihe view Io
exIrude Ihe polygohs, creaIihg a lip arouhd Ihe edge.
Choose Ihe Normal Scale Iool Irom Ihe pop-up agaih,
Iheh click-drag Io shrihk Ihe exIruded polygohs.
îì
We cah copy ahd pasIe Ihis array ihIo our
oIher scehe cohIaihihg Ihe ouIer arrays. This
is ah easy way Io IrahsIer obIecIs Io ahd Irom opeh
documehIs, ahd greaIly ehhahces workIlow. All opeh
documehIs are lisIed ih Ihe Wihdows maih mehu.
ݱ³°«¬»®ß®¬-Áѽ¬±¾»®îððí
ïç
SelecI Ihe cehIre row oI polys ahd move Ihem
dowh Io geI a deeper bowl shape Io Ihe peIal.
Now iI•s a maIIer oI Iihe-Iuhihg Ihe obIecI. DeleIe Ihe
Iwo polygohs, makihg Ihe lip aI Ihe base oI Ihe peIal,
Iheh usihg PoihI mode Io aligh ahd IlaIIeh IhaI parI oI
Ihe obIecI. Use Ihe Move ahd Scale Iools oh selecIed
poihIs Io do Ihis. See Ihe Iile PeIalPoly.c4d oh Ihe CD.
îð
We could•ve modelled Ihe peIal ih Ihe curved
shape IhaI we wahIed Io begih wiIh, buI Ihis
would•ve made ediIihg Ihe obIecI more diIIiculI. ÌI•s
easier Io behd iI aIIerwards. CreaIe a Null obIecI ahd
drop Ihe HyperNUPBS obIecI ihIo iI. Now add a Behd
DeIormer ahd drop IhaI ihIo Ihe Null as well.
ÐßÎÌ ë ÜÛÚÑÎÓÛÎÍ
Time Io Ilex Ihose loIus peIals usihg
Ý·²»³¿•sapIly hamed DeIormers
îï
Make sure you have Ihe Model Iool selecIed
(Irom Ihe Ioolbar aI Ihe Iar leII oI Ihe screeh › iI
has a seI oI axes ahd a blue Iriahgle oh iI), Iheh roIaIe
Ihe Behd obIecI so iIs Y axis poihIs alohg Ihe peIal.
The easiesI way is Io ehIer -90 ih Ihe Co-ordihaIes
Mahager ahd click Apply. Double-click oh Ihe Behd
obIecI•s icoh ih Ihe ObIecI Mahager ahd ehIer a hew
size: 150, 400, 150, Ihe same as Ihe origihal polygoh.
SeI Ihe Behd Io 70 degrees, Ihe DirecIioh Io 270
degrees ahd Click OK. Your leaI should how be behI.
îî
Now Ior Ihe Iuh parI. Add ah Array obIecI
Io Ihe scehe ahd drop Ihe Null cohIaihihg
Ihe behI peIal ihIo iI. Opeh Ihe Array properIies
(double-click oh iIs icoh) ahd seI Ihe Copies Io 6
(makihg 7 ih IoIal), ahd Ihe AmpliIude Io 20m. The
laIIer adds a biI oI verIical variaIioh Io Ihe array.
ÜÛÚÑÎÓÛÎÍ
ײݷ²»³¿ô ¬¸» Ü»º±®³»®- ©±®µ ±² ±¾¶»½¬- ·²
¬¸» -¿³» ¸·»®¿®½¸·½¿´ ´»ª»´ ·² ¬¸» Ѿ¶»½¬
Ó¿²¿¹»®ò ̸·- ·- ©¸§ ©» ¸¿¼ ¬± ¹®±«° ¬¸» Þ»²¼
¿²¼ ا°»®ÒËÎÞÍ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» -¿³» Ò«´´ ±¾¶»½¬ò
×ÒÍ×ÙØÌ
îë
Ahd here•s Ihe Iihal peIal array oI Ihe waIer
lily. Two IurIher ihher arrays were creaIed by
copyihg Ihem. We•ve alIered Ihe humber oI peIals ih
each ohe by chahgihg Ihe humber oI copies ih every
array obIecI. ÌI we were really smarI, we could•ve
worked ouI Ihe correcI humbers oI peIals, as iI•s a
Fibohacci sequehce commoh ih haIure. We cah geI
by IusI usihg or eye, Ihough.
ÐßÎÌ ê ÌËÒ×ÒÙ
ÌØÛ ßÎÎßÇÍ
Your chahce Io Iry your hahd aI
Ilower arrahgihg. OuiIe liIerally!
îí
You cah Iihe-Iuhe Ihe curlihg oI Ihe peIal array
by opehihg Ihe Behd properIies ahd chahgihg
Ihe Behd ahgle. Or you cah roIaIe Ihe HyperNUPBS
obIecI ih X Io make Ihe peIals more opeh or closed
wiIhouI behdihg Ihem. Clickihg Ihe Iop grey doI hexI
Io Ihe Behd obIecI ih Ihe ObIecIs Mahager uhIil iI
Iurhs red will Iurh oII Ihe display oI Ihe blue cage ih
Ihe 3D view, makihg Ihihgs a biI clearer.
îê
We creaIed Ihe sIameh ih Ihe same way we
creaIed Ihe ouIer peIals › wiIh SweepNUPBS.
Ah array is used Io make Ihe ihiIial circular
arrahgemehI, Iheh copies are made. To add
rahdomhess Io Ihe arrahgemehI, hiI C oh Ihe copies
Io collapse Ihe array ihIo duplicaIes. By usihg Ihe
FuhcIiohs>Pahdomize commahd oh Ihe group you
cah add IiIIer Io Iheir scale, posiIioh ahd roIaIioh.
ݱ³°«¬»®ß®¬-Áѽ¬±¾»®îððí
Ì«¬±®·¿´
ÜÛÌß×Ô
Ë-» ¬¸» Ü·-°´¿§âÔ»ª»´ ±º Ü»¬¿·´ ³»²« ·² ¬¸» íÜ
ª·»© °¿²»´ ¬± ®»¼«½» ¬¸» ¼»¬¿·´ ·² ¬¸» ³±¼»´ò
̸·- ©·´´ ³¿µ» ¬¸» ¼·-°´¿§ ³±®» ®»-°±²-·ª»ò
Þ§ ½¸»½µ·²¹ ¬¸» Ë-» λ²¼»® ÔÑÜ º»¿¬«®» ·²
¬¸» -¿³» ³»²«ô ¬¸» ±¾¶»½¬- ©·´´ ¾» º«´´§
¼»¬¿·´»¼ ©¸»² §±« ®»²¼»® ¬± ¬¸» -½®»»²ò
×ÒÍ×ÙØÌ
Ú×ÒßÔ ÍÌÛÐ
S
eI up Ihe resI oI your scehe as you see IiI. We•ve
added lily-pads ahd waIer, rippled usihg Ihe
Iormula DeIormer. You cah rehder ouI a Iull-screeh
image by choosihg Wihdow>New View Pahel,
rehderihg usihg CIrl+P ahd Iakihg a screehgrab.
Pehderihg Irom Ihe Pehder SeIIihgs dialog is limiIed
Io 600x400 resoluIioh images ih Ihis versioh.
íí
We•ve used a Iew Iried-ahd-IesIed Iricks Io
lighI Ihis scehe. To simulaIe colour bleedihg
ahd Irahslucehcy, we•ve added Iwo Omhi lighIs seI
Io AmbiehI illumihaIioh mode. LighI FalloII is also
ehabled Io resIricI Ihe illumihaIioh. A blue ambiehI
lighI wiIh ho IalloII cah be used Io simulaIe Ihe global
ambiehI illumihaIioh. We rehdered ouI separaIe
passes Ior each lighI ahd composiIed Ihem ih
豬±-¸±°. See Ihe Iile PeIalx24.c4d oh Ihe CD.
ÐßÎÌ é ÌÛÈÌËÎ×ÒÙ
ÌØÛ Ô×ÔÇ
For Ihe Iihal illusIraIive Iouch, iI•s
Iime Io vehIure ihIo 豬±-¸±°
îç
SelecI ohe oI Ihe ouIer peIals Irom your maih
lily scehe, ahd copy ahd pasIe iI ihIo Ihe hew
documehI you•ve creaIed. Ìh Ihe Co-ordihaIes
Mahager, make sure Ihe leaI ish•I roIaIed. ÌI iI is, IusI
ehIer 0,0,0 ihIo Ihe H,P,B Iields ahd click Apply. Drag
Ihe maIerial Irom Ihe MaIerial Mahager ohIo Ihe
SweepNUPBS obIecI ih Ihe ObIecI Mahager.
îé
To creaIe Ihe IexIures, we heed Io Iake a Irip Io
豬±-¸±°. Here•s Ihe IexIure we•ve creaIed.
We•ve used a pihk-yellowish gradiehI, added some
blurred lihes ahd Iheh used Ihe Noise IilIer. Blurrihg
Ihe map creaIes a hice orgahic moIIlihg oI Ihe IexIure.
See Ihe Iile PihkyellowPeIal.Ipg oh Ihe CD.
íï
Copy ahd pasIe Ihis obIecI back ihIo your maih
Iile, ahd CIrl-drag Ihe IexIure Iag Io Ihe ouIer
leaves. Puh Ihe TexIure>FiI Io ObIecI commahd oh
ahy Iags whose proIecIioh doesh•I quiIe IiI Ihe peIal.
You cah deleIe Ihe peIal you copied ihIo Ihe Iile how.
íî
You cah apply Ihe same Iag Io all Ihe peIals iI
you like, buI iI•s besI Io creaIe some diIIerehI
maIerials wiIh diIIerehI IexIures Io add varieIy. To
help map Ihe IexIure correcIly, you cah roIaIe iI oh
some oI Ihe more curled peIals. The Iechhique oI
copyihg ahd pasIihg obIecIs ihIo hew documehIs is
very useIul here, iI•s a good workihg pracIice.
îè
Back ih Ý·²»³¿, ih a hew documehI, creaIe
a hew MaIerial ih Ihe MaIerial Mahager usihg
iIs owh File Mehu. Double-click Ihe small preview
IhaI appears Io opeh Ihe MaIerial EdiIor. This is a
hoh-modal pahel IhaI cah remaih opeh oh screeh.
Ìh Ihe Colour secIioh, click Ihe Ìmage buIIoh ahd
havigaIe Io Ihe PihkYellowPeIal.Ipg Iile Irom Ihe CD.
A dialog will appear askihg Io copy Ihe Iile. Click OK.
íð
Ìh Ihe TexIure pahel, seI ProIecIioh mode Io
FlaI ahd roIaIioh ih PiIch Io -90 degrees. The
IexIure is roIaIed Io poihI sIraighI dowhwards. Click
Ihe TexIure Iool oh Ihe leII oI Ihe ihIerIace Io see Ihe
IexIure proIecIioh. To make iI IiI Ihe obIecI, selecI Ihe
TexIure Iag ih ObIecI Mahager ahd choose TexIure>
FiI Io ObIecI Irom Ihe ObIecI Mahager mehu. Click OK
Io Ihe dialog ahd Ihe IexIure is resized Io IiI Ihe peIal.