CHAPTER 1

1. Facts.
The fact is that there is information or data / happens in
life and are collected by social scientists who assured
truth. The fact refer to a special atmosphere and its entry
is limited (generally less).
Some examples of facts are:
a. Galunggung erupted in 1982.
b. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia.
c. Indonesia's independence proclamation is dated 17
August 1945.
Facts (Latin: factus) everything is captured by human
senses or data that proved the real situation and has
become a reality. Notes on the collection of facts called
data [1].
Facts are often believed by many (generally) as a matter
of fact, either because they have experienced the realities
of close and because they thought other people have

reported actual experience [2]

In terms of scientific fact is an objective observation and
verification can be done by anyone.
Outside the scope of science facts are often associated
with:
An honest observations recognized by observers widely
recognized
o common error in the interpretation of the meaning of an
observation.
o Power is sometimes used to impose politically correct
interpretation of the observations
A custom observed repeatedly; single observation of any
phenomenon not make it as a fact. Repeated observations
are usually needed to use the definition of the procedure
or the workings of a phenomenon.
Something that is considered the actual as opposed to
made
Something real, which is used as a further interpretation

 Information about a particular subject

Something that is believed to be the cause or meaning

CHAPTER II
EXAMPLE SENTENCE FACT:

1. the stunami in 2004 in the killing of many victims

aceh
2. there are elementary school children were poisoned
by eating hawker food in SD
3. due to heavy rain continues to jakarta big flood that
drowned homes
4. in the area of Bogor has been kidnapping children and
the child was saved in the trash
5. occurrence of earthquakes in the area killing many
citizens tasik
6. in Yogya earthquake killed many people and
destroyed homes

 7. LUCA PACIOLO published

8. IAI formed in 1967 (bond accountant Indonesia)
9. before the money as payment transactions people do
BARTER
10. in August 17 grandchildren have been born Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono
Flood Facts Jakarta
Newsroom Blog - Monday, January 21, 2013

Here is a series of facts about Jakarta floods we need to

know together.
1. Jakarta Flood is the story of the centuries.
Flooding is not a new story in Jakarta. The city recorded
even hit by floods in 1621. Alternating water was
crashing when Jakarta was called Batavia, namely in 1654
and 1878.

In January-February 1918, many areas in Jakarta was also

flooded due to overflowing Ciliwung River. Since then,
the routine flooding occurs, as well as Jakarta led by Ali
Sadikin the year 1976.
2. Span of the big flood in Jakarta is getting shorter.
As revealed in the article "10 Myths Water and Floods in
Jakarta", the five-yearly cycle of floods in Jakarta is a
myth. Not great flood cycles, but random events that can
not be ascertained how many will come every year. Five
years is the statistics could be ten, three, or even one. This
figure is dependent on natural conditions and quality of
flood management in Jakarta.
3. There are four variables that cause floods in Jakarta.

These variables are 1) the amount of water runoff from

upstream areas, 2) run-off water in Jakarta alone
3) sea levels, and 4) high ground.
Runoff water from Bogor reached 37 million cubic meters
per year. While in Jakarta alone, of 2 billion cubic meters
of rain per year, only 26.6 percent were absorbed into the
ground. Aka The remaining 73.4 percent (1.468 billion)
cubic meters of water runoff is a direct search for the sea.
On the other hand, nearly 40 percent of the area of Jakarta
is below sea level. This condition is exacerbated by the
continued decline in the soil surface to 18 cm / year
(based on research Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2008), and
rising sea levels of up to 8 mm / year (based on research
Sutisna S., et al, 2002).
4. There are four kinds of status conditions of flooding in

Jakarta.
Standby Term I (critical), Standby II (alert), alert III
(cartilage), and stand-IV (normal) was widely heard as the
news media. Idle, based on the book Jakarta Public Works
Department, is an attitude or level of ability to prevent
and or manage the hazards in order to reduce the possible
impact and hit them.
In floods, the alert status is determined based on the
observed water level (TMA) on the observation stations
and sluices. Alert IV is the initial state, while the stand-I is
the most severe status. Each point has a standard alert
observation of each. Standby status I, for example, if the
TMA is given at Katulampa
more than two meters, while the status given to
Manggarai when TMA exceed 9.5 meters.
In addition to ease of communication, the difference has

consequences alert status change command. For example

on standby I, command will move to Jakarta Governor.
5. Data 14 water level observation points can be accessed
directly by the public.
The Jakarta administration has 14 observation points
which oversees the water level at various locations. Those
points are Katulampa, Pesanggrahan, Angke Hulu, Hulu
Cipinang, Sunter Hulu, Depok, Manggarai, Rubber, Pluit
Reservoir, Fish Market, Pulogadung, North Sunter, South
Sunter and Krukut Hulu. Water level monitoring data is
updated every hour can be seen on the official website of
Jakarta.
This information is very important for people who live in
places prone to flooding. When such Katulampa increased
alert status, the residents of Kampung Pulo and Bukit
Duri will soon be ready, for about eight hours later the

water from Katulampa will come in their place.

6. Of the 226 there in Greater Jakarta, only 33 are in good
condition.
It plays an important role to accommodate and absorb
rainwater. Based on data from Ciliwung-Cisadane PKSA
in 2008, 226 in Greater Jakarta are there. Unfortunately,
there are only 33 were in good condition. A total of 144
were
in a damaged condition, and 49 were in rehab condition.
There are also many lakes are threatened narrowed or
even disappeared completely, because it turned into a
residential area.
7. The root of the problem of flooding in Jakarta are the
land-use change regardless of the condition of
ecosystems.

Both in the headwaters as Bogor, Depok, Bekasi and

Tangerang, as well as in downstream areas such as
Penjaringan, land-use change that ignores the massive
ecosystem sustainability. Various areas green open space
(RTH) in Jakarta turned into residential areas and
shopping centers. This causes catchment area in Jakarta
shrunk drastically.
Jakarta regulation that requires each party to make the
building infiltration wells are also often violated. In
addition, many homeowners who make cement pavement
on the entire home page, so that the water can not be
absorbed into the soil. Cumulatively, all exacerbated the
flooding in Jakarta.

A fact as my opinion regardless of whether it is true or

not.

said to be true if believed to be true. Because faith is

identical with the opinion, the person making factual
statements also hold the opinion that the facts are true.
Therefore, all the facts are accompanied by the opinion
although the opinion does not require facts in justification
will believe them, so there is a statement that everyone is
entitled to their own opinion.
Distinguishing fact from opinion is often difficult, and for
many centuries philosophers have tried to find out what
can really qualify as fact rather than opinion. This branch
of philosophy called epistemology, the study of the limits
of what humans can know the facts. In addition, all of the
rest of modern science on the basis of the facts intelligent
opinions and methodical aim to find the right knowledge
or facts. It's hard to claim something is a fact when it is
not clear that obvious, such as biological differences in
gender, because the facts are often proven wrong. For
example, centuries ago the world was considered flat and

held as fact by the majority of people. As we know now,

who think the world is flat is a statement that comes from
the opinion obsolete. From this example we can see that
those who think that the earth was not flat that originally
communicated the opinion that eventually discovered the
truth, which suggests that the previous facts almost
always challenged.

DIFFERENCE OF FACT AND OPINION

The difference between fact and opinion is fact is
something that is empirically true and can be supported
by evidence while and could also sebafai an opinion that
comes from a belief that may be supported or may not be
supported by some kind of evidence. Opinion is usually a

subjective statement that comes from emotional attitudes

or interpretations of facts obtained by the individual. For
example, the biological differences between men and
women is a fact while a preference for one gender to the
other is opinion.

ALTHOUGH the difference between facts and opinions is

usually halted in discourse, whether they were objective
or subjective? But the facts in some cases can be
subjective. Facts opinion can be delivered based on
feelings. If you tell someone that you're sad, that shows
facts opinion about your emotional state. On the other
hand if I told you that you look're sad, this statement will
be eligible only