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I TESTEBON
2015
2015 installerades en fiskrknare i Testebon. rets strsta lax till vnster och rets
strsta ring till hger.
.
Bernt Moberg
m3/s
60
40
20
0
Diagram 1.
m3/s
Axeltitel
Diagram 2.
m3/s
Axeltitel
Diagram 3.
2
Strmsbro
Lax
0+
39,5
Forsby Kvarn
16,6
4,9
Sgbacken
6,7
Lax
ring
ring
ring
Avstnd
totalt
0+
>0+
totalt
frn havet
40,1
2,5 km
40,9
13,4
54,3
21,5
10,7
5,7 km
3,9
6,8
8,7 km
6,7
14
6,4
20,4
versten
7,8
9,8
1,4
2,7
4,1
8,9 km
Mljen
20,5
0,9
21,4
4,4
0,4
4,8
9,2 km
Tegelbruket
22
22
4,7
0,5
5,2
11,0 km
Bomnacken
3,3
1,3
4,6
11,8 km
Erkkis Bro
14,3 km
Fgelautomaten
5,5
5,5
0,4
0,8
1,2
14,9 km
Brnnsgen
10
16,3 km
G:a Brnnsgen
11
0
39
16,3 km
Lokal
Nr
m2
Lax
>0+
0,6
Nr
Lax
0+
Lax
>0+
Lax
totalt
ring
0+
ring
>0+
ring
totalt
Avstnd
frn havet
Strmsbro
Forsby
21,5
21,3
42,8
8,4
11,6
20,0
2,5 km
29,3
22,1
51,4
4,7
4,7
5,7 km
Sgbacken
6,5
6,5
17,3
8,1
25,4
8,7 km
versten
5,9
18,4
24,3
7,1
0,4
7,5
8,9 km
Mljen
0,6
9,4
10,0
3,7
3,7
9,2 km
Tegelbruket
4,2
4,2
6,7
3,4
10,1
11,0 km
Bomnacken
3,3
3,3
13,9
2,0
15,9
11,8 km
Erkkis Bro
14,3 km
Fgelautomaten
1,3
1,3
15,2
1,2
16,4
14,9 km
Brnnsgen
10
16,3 km
G:a Brnnsgen
11
16,3 km
m2
Nr
Lax
>0+
Lax
totalt
ring
0+
ring
>0+
ring
totalt
Avstnd
frn havet
Strmsbro
Forsby
75,7
29,6
105,3
8,6
5,1
13,7
2,5 km
29,0
26,8
55,8
21,9
1,9
23,8
5,7 km
Sgbacken
8,7
5,6
14,3
43,9
10,8
54,7
8,7 km
versten
7,4
26,9
34,3
6,2
0,9
7,1
8,9 km
Mljen
25,6
12,3
37,9
4,7
1,8
6,5
9,2 km
Tegelbruket
22,5
4,1
26,6
6,7
0,7
7,4
11,0 km
Bomnacken
1,9
2,5
4,4
10,9
1,2
12,1
11,8 km
Erkkis Bro
0,4
0,4
0,8
14,3 km
Fgelautomaten
2,2
1,4
3,6
7,4
2,2
9,6
14,9 km
Brnnsgen
10
16,3 km
G:a Brnnsgen
11
16,3 km
m2
Smolthjulet i Forsby.
dammen eller intagskanalen till kraftverket, eller dtt p vgen mellan Forsby och Strmsbro (se
ovan).
Tabell 1. Data frn mrkningsfrsket vid smoltfllan i Forsby, samt skattningar av den totala
smoltproduktionen uppstrms fllan. ven skattningar av smoltproduktionen baserat p terfngster
i Strmsbro presenteras.
Forsby
Strmsbro
Lax
ring
Forsby
Lax
ring
Antal fngade
Antal mrkta
terfngster
Fllans effektivitet
Skattningar av smoltproduktion
Petersen-skattning
95% konfidensintervall
Bayes-skattning*
95% konfidensintervall
143
143
8
5.6%
28
28
1
3.6%
757
143
33
23.1%
219
28
10
35.7%
2288
872-3704
2068
1166-4224
406
0-865
Ej mjlig pga
databrist
3206
2257-4155
577
314-841
*Mntyniemi & Romakkaniemi 2002. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59: 17481758
25
Vandringsintensitet
0.1
20
0.08
15
0.06
10
0.04
5
0.02
0.12
Vandringsintensitet (andel)
Fngsteffektivitet (%)
Flde (m3/s)
Temperatur (C)
Slut PM
m3/s
20
15
10
5
2015
30-maj
28-maj
26-maj
24-maj
22-maj
20-maj
18-maj
16-maj
14-maj
12-maj
10-maj
08-maj
06-maj
04-maj
02-maj
30-apr
28-apr
26-apr
24-apr
22-apr
20-apr
2014
Figur 2. Slktskapsfrhllande mellan de 40 delprov (laxstammar) som ingr i baseline visat med ett
s.k. dendrogram (baserat p Neighbour joining och Cavalli-Sforza Chord distance).
Lek 2015
Att f vara med om och se stora laxar och ringar leka r en fantastisk naturupplevelse. Fler
och fler intresserade tillbringar mnga timmar med att flja skdespelet. P kpet fr vi
kunskap om var fisken leker. 2015 observerades lek p fler platser i Testebon n ngonsin
frn det att laxen och ringen brjade komma tillbaka till Testebon.
Torsvedsbadet i byggeby har blivit en mycket omtyckt plats fr att f uppleva lax- och
ringslek p nra hll. P strmnacken i hjd med parkeringsplatsen finns en stor anlagd
lekbotten. Frsta tecknen p lek observerades den 7 oktober. Drefter pgick lekaktiviteter i
en mnad framt. Helt klart var det flera par av bda arterna som lekte inom samma
lekomrde.
Lekbotten vid Torsved restaurerades 2011. Fenan och vgorna avsljar att leken startat.
Inventering av sikyngel
Sedan 2010 har sikyngel rligen inventerats i Testebon. Tidigaste fngsten av sikyngel r 15
mars. Syftet med inventeringarna r att f mer kunskap om bestndet av vandringssik i
Testebon.
10
2015
Datum
Plats
Metod
23-mar Testebon
Vattenfrekomst
Avan
Hv
27-mar Testebon
Avan
Hv
31-mar Testebon
Avan
Hv
04-apr Testebon
Avan
Hv
08-apr Testebon
Avan
Hv
12-apr Testebon
Avan
Hv
16-apr Testebon
20-apr Testebon
24-apr Testebon
Avan
Hv
Avan
Hv
Avan
Hv
Plats
Metod
Sikyngel per
hvdrag
Storlek p sikyngel
Vatten
temperatur
Vattenfring Vattenstnd i
enl. SMHI
havet enl. SMHI
2,4
16,2
3,7
18,4
Kommentar
6,4
7,6
2014
Datum
Vattenfrekomst
Sikyngel per
hvdrag
Storlek p sikyngel
Vatten
temperatur
Vattenfring Vattenstnd i
enl. SMHI
havet enl. SMHI
Kommentar
Isfritt
05-mar Testebon
Avan
Hv
1,4
17,3 m3
11-mar Testebon
Avan
Hv
3,2
19 m3
15-mar Testebon
19-mar Testebon
Avan
Hv
Hv
5,2
1
19,2 m3
Avan
22-mar
25-mar
28-mar
01-apr
05-apr
09-apr
13-apr
Testebon
Avan
Hv
Avan
Hv
Testebon
Avan
Hv
Testebon
Avan
Hv
Testebon
Avan
Hv
Testebon
Avan
Hv
Testebon
Avan
Hv
0,05
0
0,05
0,45
0,45
2
0,45
2,8
3,2
3,8
5,5
6,2
5,8
6,7
16 m3
Testebon
18-apr Testebon
Avan
Hv
0,2
11 m3
Plats
Metod
Vatten
temperatur
Vattenfring
enl. SMHI
2013
Datum
Vattenfrekomst
Sikyngel per
hvdrag
Storlek p sikyngel
Kommentar
03-apr Testebon
Avan
-0,2
Hela n istckt
08-apr Testebon
Avan
-0,3
Hela n istckt
12-apr Testebon
14-apr Testebon
Avan
23-apr
24-apr
26-apr
28-apr
Avan
Testebon
Hela n istckt
-0,1
Avan
Hela n istckt
69 m3
Hv
Hv
Hv
3,3
0,6 Halva gulescken kvar
3,3
0,15 Halva gulescken kvar
4
0,1 Halva gulescken kvar, 11 mm 4,7
0,15 Gulescken nstan slut
0,1 Halva gulescken kvar
5,7
7,3
50 m3
Avan
Hv
Hv
Plats
Metod
Vatten
temperatur
Vattenfring
enl. SMHI
Kommentar
0,4
9 m3
Is
Testebon
Avan
Testebon
Avan
Testebon
Avan
30-apr Testebon
02-maj Testebon
Avan
Hela n isfri.
66 m
57 m3
54 m3
41 m3
2012
Datum
Vattenfrekomst
Sikyngel per
hvdrag
Storlek p sikyngel
18-mar Testebon
Avan
22-mar Testebon
Avan
Hvning
26-mar Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,1
4,7
27-mar Testebon
Stigs grd
Hvning
0,05
4,7
3,4
Is p 50 % av n
Isfritt
Isfritt
3
29-mar Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,5
5,2
02-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,2
3,1
16 m
06-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,2
3,4
10-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
1,1
4,3
13-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
15-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,6
7,1
11 m3
20-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,4
10 m3
25-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,4
8,4
6
Gulescken frbrukad
29-apr Testebon
Avan
Hvning
0,05
9,6
02-maj Testebon
Avan
Hvning
10,1
07-maj Testebon
Avan
Hvning
10,5
12-maj Testebon
Avan
Hvning
10,8
19-maj Testebon
Avan
Hvning
11,9
16 m3
13 m3
Litet stim av sikyngel vid kullfanna trdet. Mycket abborrom p samma trd.
Inte en enda yngelobs.
22 m3
Leksik
Sik frn havet vandrar upp i Testebon fr att leka i slutet av oktober och i brjan av
november. Under de senaste decennierna har mngden sik som tar sig upp i n
minskat dramatiskt. 2015 var det annorlunda. Sedan fisket efter leksik fr mrkning
och provtagning startade 2010 har vi aldrig ens varit i nrheten av att fnga s
mnga sikar som 2015. 215 stycken.
Fisket detta r bedrevs uteslutande med not. Tidigare r har fiske ven skett med
ryssja, flla, nt och hv.
Trots den kraftigt kade fngsten med not s var observationerna av lekande sikar
p det som vi antagit r sikens egentliga lekomrde i Testebon inte kat nmnvrt
jmfrt med fregende r, d.v.s. den nedersta delen av forsen i Strmsbro. Forsen
utgr definitivt naturligt vandringshinder fr sik i Testebon. Tyder det p att siken
leker ven p andra delar av Testebon? Och kan vi i s fall vidta tgrder som
frbttrar sikens lekmjligheter i Testebon? Vi hoppas kunna arbeta vidare med
dessa intressanta frgor. Yngelinventeringen 2016 blir riktigt spnnande. Kommer
den strre mngden leksik 2015 avspegla sig i fler yngel?
11
Medborgarfrslag
-- Undertecknad lmnade i oktober 2015 in ett medborgarfrslag till
kommunfullmktige
om att skra Testebons naturvrden och Gvlebornas intresse nr kraftverken i
Strmsbro och Oslttfors ska sljas. Se bilaga 2.
Hlsningar
Bernt Moberg
12
Bilaga 1
Testebon in Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea
Johan Dannewitz & Bernt Moberg
Helcom or NASCO River ID number (WGERAAS Database column A and B): 1039
River Catchment size (km2): 1112
Starting and end year of project: 1991 - present
Situation before restoration: The salmon in River Testebon has suffered from human perturbations
during a very long time, and the local population was finally extinct in the 1960s mainly due to
increased hydropower exploitation. In 1997, when the Salmon Action Plan was adopted in the Baltic
Sea by the International Baltic Sea Fisheries Commission, Testebon was classified as a potential
salmon river by ICES. In the 1990s, River Testebon was also selected nationally for reintroduction
efforts.
Main stressors on population: The river has been exploited for centuries, earlier for the iron industry
and later for hydropower production. The river has also been used for timber floating and many
stretches have been cleared from stones. During the last decades, hydropower production has been
the main stressor on the salmon population. Several migration barriers (dams) have hampered or
prohibited salmon from reaching spawning and nursery areas, and increased hydropower
exploitation finally resulted in that the population became extinct in the 1960s. Acidification has
been a concern further upstream in the river system, but it is uncertain to what extent it has affected
salmonid fish. During the reintroduction phase before year 2010, high fishing pressure at sea had a
negative effect on the recovery of the salmon population.
Actions taken: Stocking of salmon eggs and fry, improved migration possibilities, restoration of river
habitats, liming, reduced sea fishery.
Metrics used to evaluate success: The salmon population is monitored annually using electrofishing
and in recent years also counting of ascending adults and out-migrating smolts. The function of fish
ladders/ways and water regulation regimes has been evaluated by means of visual inspections. The
timing and survival of smolts during downstream migration has been evaluated in tagging studies.
Assessment before project: Water chemistry, habitat inventories and electrofishing to estimate
abundance of salmon and trout.
Project Aims: To reintroduce a wild, self-sustaining salmon population in good status.
Actions taken in more detail: Reintroduction efforts started in 1991, when eyed salmon eggs from
the nearby River Dallven were stocked in Testebon. Between 1994 and 2006, stocking of mainly
eyed eggs and fry were carried out on an annual basis. Stocking material during the whole period
originated from River Dallven. Migration possibilities at the power plant in Strmsbro, situated
about 2 km from the river mouth, have been improved successively by water regulations to attract
and make it possible for more ascending spawners to find their way up in the river. Also, survival
during smolt migration has been improved by closing the power plant, or decreasing the amount of
water passing the power plant, during the smolt migration period. In 2005, the second power plant in
the river, situated in Forsby about 5 km from the river mouth, was removed which made 21 km of
the river accessible for salmon and sea trout. In 2014, a permanent smolt diverter was installed in
the inlet channel to the power plant in Strmsbro, to prevent smolts from passing the turbines.
13
Restoration work to restore salmon and trout habitats, by means of putting back stones and
boulders, has been undertaken in parts of the river. To avoid acidification, liming are undertaken in
the upper parts of the river system. The exploitation in the sea fishery has declined in recent years as
a result of reduced quotas and nationally decided changes in the geographical distribution of the
fisheries to reduce mixed-stock fishing, which has positively affected the recovery of the salmon
population.
Assessment during project: Development of the salmon population has been monitored using
electrofishing and in some years also counting of ascending adults and out-migrating smolts. In 2013,
the reintroduction program was evaluated by ICES. The outcome of this evaluation was a decision
that Testebon should be regarded as a wild, self-sustaining salmon river. Since then, population
status has been evaluated in relation to MSY-based management objectives agreed for wild Baltic
salmon populations, by comparing estimates of the current smolt production with expert opinions
about the potential smolt production capacity (PSPC). The wild smolt production in recent years has
varied, mainly as a result of varying possibilities for adult spawners to reach the spawning grounds,
and is believed to be below 50% of the PSPC. Thus, according to ICES analyses, the river has not yet
reached the MSY-based management objective (75% of PSPC).
Adjustments to goals during project: No changes to the overall project aims and goals.
Project success: The project/reintroduction program has been very successful. Even though the
salmon population has not yet reached the MSY-based management objective, the efforts have
resulted in a self-sustaining wild salmon population.
Project evaluation: Despite the success of this reintroduction project, there is a need for
improvements to enable further development of the salmon population. The function of the
permanent smolt diverter in Strmsbro is unclear, and an evaluation may be carried out during 2016.
The problems for adult salmon to find their way up in the river has not been solved completely, as
water levels in summer time, and the amount of water passing the power plant in Strmsbro, still
affect the possibilities for upstream migration of adult salmon. A more sustainable solution, enabling
more adult salmon to reach spawning areas, is probably necessary to secure a continued recovery of
the salmon population in Testebon.
Literature:
HELCOM (2011). Salmon and Sea Trout Populations and Rivers in Sweden HELCOM assessment of
salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta) populations and habitats in rivers flowing to the
Baltic Sea. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 126B.
ICES (2013). Report of the Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working Group (WGBAST), 312 April
2013, Tallinn, Estonia. ICES CM 2013/ACOM:08. 334 pp.
ICES (2015). Report of the Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working Group (WGBAST), 23-31
March 2015, Rostock, Germany. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:08. 362 pp.
Moberg, B. (2014). Fish conservation efforts in Testebon. Report in Swedish, 10 pp.
14
River Testebon downstream the power plant in Strmsbro. The photo is taken from the dam
construction (see photo below).
Construction of the smolt leader/diverter in Strmsbro. Horizontal steel rods prevent smolts from
entering the inlet channel to the power plant. The photo is taken from the inlet channel. The dam
construction with fish ways for smolts and adults, a smolt trap and equipment for counting adults
and register pit-tags can be seen in the background.
15
Bilaga 2.
MEDBORGARFRSLAG:
16
Trots allt formellt skydd och breda frankring fr Testebons naturvrden och vrde fr friluftslivet
s mste vi nu agera fr att skra frutsttningarna fr en fortsatt positiv utveckling fr livet under
vattenytan. Vattenkraft och vildlax r mycket svrt att kombinera.
garen till de bda terstende kraftverken, Strmsbro och Oslttfors, r inne p sitt 75:e r.
Kraftverken str med andra ord infr ett garbyte. Det r bokstavligen livsviktigt att den nye garen
stller upp p de villkor som laxen och andra arter i Testebon stller.
Vad r problemet?
Strmsbro kraftverk hindrar lax och andra arter som vill ta sig upp i n fr lek eller tillvxt. Visserligen
finns ett krav att slppa en liten del av vattenfringen i den naturliga fran, men det fyller inta alls
sin funktion fr att locka upp fisken. Laxarna lockas istllet upp i utloppskanalen frn kraftverket med
utebliven lek lngre upp i n som fljd.
Laxen mste f bttre frutsttningar om vi vill ha mer n bara ett bestnd som har fullt upp med att
verleva.
FRSLAG:
Gvle kommun pbrjar arbetet med en strategi fr hur vi kan f rdighet ver kraftverken i
Testebon och undersker mjligheterna att tillsammans med andra parter stnga Strmsbro
kraftverk.
Bernt Moberg
Gvle 12 oktober 2015
Kontakt:
Tel: 070-511 87 90
E-post: info@berntmoberg.com
17