Bathtub

For the foundations of the World Trade Center, see The 1 History of bathtubs and bathing
Bathtub. For the curve, see Bathtub curve.
A bathtub, bath or tub (informal) is a large container Main articles: Bathing and History of water supply and
sanitation
Documented early plumbing systems for bathing go back

Private cast iron bathtubs with porcelain interiors on claw foot

pedestals rose to popularity in the 19th century

for holding water in which a person may bathe. Most

modern bathtubs are made of acrylic or berglass, but
alternatives are available in enamel on steel or cast iron;
occasionally, waterproof nished wood. A bathtub is usually placed in a bathroom either as a stand-alone xture
or in conjunction with a shower.
Modern bathtubs have overow and waste drains and may
have taps mounted on them. They are usually built-in,
but may be free-standing or sometimes sunken. Until recently, most bathtubs were roughly rectangular in
shape but with the advent of acrylic thermoformed baths,
more shapes are becoming available. Bathtubs are commonly white in colour although many other colours can
be found. The process for enamelling cast iron bathtubs
was invented by the Scottish-born American David Dunbar Buick.

Traditional bathtub (19th century) from Italy

as far as around 3300 BC with the discovery of copper

water pipes beneath a palace in the Indus Valley Civilization of ancient India; see sanitation of the Indus Valley
Civilization. Evidence of the earliest surviving personal
sized bath tub was found on the Isle of Crete where a 5foot (1.5 m) long pedestal tub was found built from hardened pottery.

Two main styles of bathtub are common:

The clawfoot tub, which reached the apex of its popularity in the late 19th century; had its origins in the mid
18th century, where the ball and claw design originated
Western style bathtubs in which the bather lies
in Holland, possibly artistically inspired by the Chinese
down. These baths are typically shallow and long.
motif of a dragon holding a precious stone. The design
spread to England where it found much popularity among
the aristocracy, just as bathing was becoming increasingly
Eastern style bathtubs in which the bather sits up. fashionable. Early bathtubs in England tended to be made
These are known as ofuro in Japan and are typically of cast iron, or even tin and copper with a face of paint
short and deep.
applied that tended to peel with time.[1]
1

The Scottish-born inventor David Buick invented a process for bonding porcelain enamel to cast iron in the
1880s while working for the Alexander Manufacturing
Company in Detroit. The company, as well as others including Kohler Company and J. L. Mott Iron Works, began successfully marketing porcelain enameled cast-iron
bathtubs, a process that remains broadly the same to this
day. Far from the ornate feet and luxury most associated
with clawfoot tubs, an early Kohler example was advertised as a horse trough/hog scalder, when furnished with
four legs will serve as a bathtub. The items use as hog
scalder was considered a more important marketing point
than its ability to function as a bathtub.[1]
In the latter half of the 20th century, the once popular
clawfoot tub morphed into a built-in tub with a small
apron front. This enclosed style aorded easier maintenance and, with the emergence of colored sanitary ware,
more design options for the homeowner. The Crane
Company introduced colored bathroom xtures to the US
market in 1928, and slowly this inux of design options
and easier cleaning and care led to the near demise of
clawfoot-style tubs.

2
2.1

HOT TUBS

classic roll rim tubs, also called roll top tubs or

at rim tubs as seen in the picture above.
slipper tubs - where one end is raised and sloped
creating a more comfortable lounging position.
double slipper tubs - where both ends are raised
and sloped.
double ended tubs - where both ends of the tub are
rounded. Notice how one end of the classic tub is
rounded and one is fairly at.

2.2 Pedestal tubs

Pedestal tubs rests on a pedestal in what most would term
an art deco style. Evidence of pedestal tubs dates back to
the Isle of Crete in 1000 BC.

3 Baby bathtub

Elevated tub
Clawfoot tub

Wooden bathtubs for children and infants in Haikou, Hainan,

China
Slipper tub

A baby bathtub is one used for bathing infants, especially

those not yet old enough to sit up on their own. These can
be either a small, stand-alone bath that is lled with water
from another source, or a device for supporting the baby
that is placed in a standard bathtub. Many are designed
to allow the baby to recline while keeping its head out of
the water.

The clawfoot tub or claw-foot tub was considered a luxury item in the late 19th century, originally made from
cast iron and lined with porcelain. Modern technology
has contributed to a drop in the price of clawfoot tubs,
which may now be made of berglass, acrylic or other
modern materials. Clawfoot tubs usually require more
water than a standard bathtub, because generally they are
larger. While true antique clawfoot tubs are still considered collectible items, new reproduction clawfoot tubs 4 Hot tubs
are chosen by remodellers and new home builders[2] and
much like the Western-style bathtubs, clawfoot tubs can Hot tubs are common heated pools used for relaxation and
also include a variety of shower head options.
sometimes for therapy. The hippie era (19671980)
Clawfoot tubs come in 4 major styles:
popularized them in America in songs and movies.

Whirlpool tubs

Jacuzzi whirlpool bathtub

Whirlpool tubs rst became popular in America during

the 1960s and 70s. A spa or hot tub is also called a
jacuzzi since the word became a generic after plumbing component manufacturer Jacuzzi introduced the Spa
Whirlpool in 1968. Air bubbles may be introduced into
the nozzles via an air-bleed venturi pump.

See also
Accessible bathtub
Bathroom
Bathtub hoax
Bathtub renishing
Furo
Hot tub
Jacuzzi
Sauna
Steam shower
Turkish bath
Walk-in bathtub
Plug (sanitation)
Shower

References

[1] Footed In Style: The Clawfoot Tub.

[2] 5 Points to Ponder When Choosing a Clawfoot Tub.

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1

Text

Bathtub Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathtub?oldid=706950424 Contributors: William Avery, Llywrch, Lexor, Ellywa, Angela, Robbot, JosephBarillari, Modulatum, Mayooranathan, Ianb, Koba-chan, Ashley Y, Meelar, Wereon, Xanzzibar, Tobias Bergemann, Christopher Parham, Lucky 6.9, Masterhomer, Antandrus, JoJan, Kar98, Joyous!, Imjustmatthew, Random contributor, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Vsmith, Florian Blaschke, Quistnix, AnonymousTag, MisterSheik, Zenohockey, Kwamikagami, Deathawk, Remuel, L33tminion, Kappa, Alansohn, Atlant, Andrewpmk, AzaToth, Malo, Snowolf, Wtmitchell, Kazvorpal, Wyvern, Dennis Bratland,
Woohookitty, Twinjalanugraha, Carcharoth, WadeSimMiser, Fred J, Terence, Isnow, Wgsimon, Graham87, BD2412, Sj, Rui Silva,
Cactus.man, RussBot, Ytrottier, Pseudomonas, NawlinWiki, Johnbojaen~enwiki, Aeusoes1, SigPig, CecilWard, Mgcsinc, Lipothymia,
Wknight94, WAS 4.250, Zzuuzz, Balloonfarm, GraemeL, Mais oui!, Spliy, Tom Morris, Yvwv, SmackBot, Jagged 85, Stephensuleeman, DWaterson, Finavon, Edgar181, Ga, Gilliam, Hmains, Betacommand, Jimmy-james, JMSwtlk, Oli Filth, Rorybowman, Yidisheryid, COMPFUNK2, Flyguy649, Zaytran, Nakon, Monotonehell, Je Wheeler, Just plain Bill, Zzorse, Evlekis, Lph, LDHan, Soap,
AnonEMouse, Angrynight, 041744, 16@r, Noah Salzman, Ahering@cogeco.ca, Caiaa, Hetar, CapitalR, Phoenixrod, Linkspamremover, Tawkerbot2, ChrisCork, CmdrObot, Gogo Dodo, Dancter, John Lake, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Mojo Hand, Marek69, Dfrg.msc,
MichaelMaggs, Scottandrewhutchins, RoboServien, Liquid-aim-bot, JAnDbot, Deective, Husond, Senalishia, Joshua, Bongwarrior,
Esanchez7587, Vintagetub, MartinBot, Arjun01, J.delanoy, Admira Bang, Trusilver, Rose Palmer, Acalamari, AlienZen, Tannkremen,
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Namazu-tron, Excirial, Eeekster, Tnxman307, Achilles.g, Dekisugi, ChrisHodgesUK, Socks 01, BlueDevil, XLinkBot, David Delony,
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HOME EXPERT, Anna Frodesiak, Saemiaa, GrouchoBot, Melvin feliz12, RibotBOT, Spiderwriter, Bubaroo343, KCA 2002, Sesu Prime,
JMS Old Al, Ionutzmovie, Pinethicket, I dream of horses, LittleWink, Eagles247, Tinton5, Thetehror, A8UDI, Fartsallot, ItsZippy, Gregcohen79, Lotje, Batternut, Kaleoisdabomb, Tbhotch, TjBot, Pspman222, Batherbath, EmausBot, Revisdead, Antalg, Wikipelli, K6ka,
Ida Shaw, SporkBot, Optical all-seeing double-decker bus, Noodleki, ElockidAlternate, ClueBot NG, Jbwalla, KuroOolong, Cntras, Strike
Eagle, M0rphzone, Iselilja, Hallows AG, Djuanjudson, Glacialfox, Riley Huntley, MahdiBot, The Illusive Man, Indigo-Lion, JZNIOSH, Aymankamelwiki, Hitithard100, Lugia2453, Frosty, 93, Dolphinshavefur, Bigdavey6969, Jamesrider1964, Editmaster510, Pugexa, Greedo8,
Cameronwil, Steam Train Coon, Peter238, KH-1, Idontcariel, Milkc and Anonymous: 199

8.2

Images

File:Cervo089.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Cervo089.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own

photoby uploader Original artist: Georges Jansoone (JoJan)
File:Clawfoot_bathtub.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Clawfoot_bathtub.jpg License: CC-BYSA-3.0 Contributors: No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims). Original artist: No machinereadable author provided. Ytrottier assumed (based on copyright claims).
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File:Slipper_bathtub_in_Amsterdam_store_window.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Slipper_
bathtub_in_Amsterdam_store_window.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Slipper Back Self-Portrait Original artist: Erik Ogan
from San Francisco, CA, USA
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File:Wooden_bathtubs_for_children_and_infants_-_06.JPG Source:
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Wooden_bathtubs_for_children_and_infants_-_06.JPG License: CC0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Anna Frodesiak

8.3

Content license

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