Previous

Home

Next

MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS
CMR 187/MMR 177
1. FencingTo obviate unnecessary reference in this respect, it is desirable that a standard
procedure is followed in constructing fences for various purposes. Appendix I give the
details of different types of fences, while Appendix II gives the situations in which the
different types of fences should be used. Fences provided in mines should generally
conform to these requirements.
APPENDIX I
Types of Fences
Type
S1

Particulars of construction of fence

0.40 metre thick brick all in lime mortar not less than 1.20
metres high with a barbed wire fence not less than 0.60 metre
high (with wires not mroe than 0.25 metre apart) on top.

S2

0.40 metre thick brick wall in lime mortar not less than
1.50 metres high, with a parapet top or 0.75 metre thick stone
wall in lime mortar not less than 1.50 metres high.

S3

Gl

Wire ropes, wire rope strands or barbed wire supported by

movable post-stands (wooden, iron or concrete), the gap
between adjacent members being not less than 0.30 metre
and the bottom- most member not more than 0.25 metre and
the top-most member not less than 1.00 metre from ground
level.
Rigid steel fencing, vertical members being not more than
3.00 metres apart and the gap between adjacent horizontal
members not more than 0.25 metre, the bottom-most member
being not more than 0.15 metre and the top most member not
less than 1.00 metre from ground level.
The vertical members of the fencing should consist of girders,
channels or angle irons not less than 5x5 cm in cross-section
or rails not less than 10 kg, weight per metre, steel pipes not
less than 7.6 cm in diameter; or reinforced concrete posts not
less than 15x15 cm section.
The horizontal members of the fencing should consist of
expanded metal sheets with holes not greater than 10 cm size,
of steel pipes not less than 2.5 cm diameter, of solid rods not
less than 2 cm. diameter, of strap iron not less than 2.5 : 0.6
cm in size.

G2

G3

Barbed wire fencing, with specifications similar to Gl except

that the horizontal member should consist of barbed wire.
0.50 metre thick stonewall in lime mortar, not less than one
metre high.
or
Wire ropes with pillars, vertical members being not more than
3.0 metres apart, and the gap between adjacent horizontal
members not more than 0.25 metre, the bottom-most member
being not more than 0.15 metre and the top-most member not
less than one metre from ground level.
The verticle members of the fencing should consist of
props,not less than 13 cm in diameter, of iron pipes not less
than 10 cm in dia; of girders not less than 5x5 cm or rails not
less than 10 kg weight per metre; of concrete pillars;
or of brick or stone in lime mortar. The horizontal members
of the fencing should consist of wire ropes or wire rope
strands of barbed wire.

G4

G5

Ul

U2

Rigid wooden fencing, vertical members being not more

than 1.50 metres apart; and the gap between adjacent
horizontal members not more than 0.25 metre, the bottommost member being not more than 0,15 metre and the topmost member not less than one metre from ground level. The
vertical members should not be less than 5 cm in diameter.

Metallic guards of sheet metal or of wire mesh or of expanded

metal.
Wire ropes, wire rope strands or barbed wire or wooden
rollas nailed or fitted on vertical props set flush on the sides
of the gallery and also in the middle of the gallery if
necessary; the gap between the adjacent members being not
more than 0.30 metre, and bottom-most member should not
be more than 0.25 metre and the top-most member not less
than one metre from ground level.
Two wire ropes, wire rope strands, barbed wire or wooden
rollas fixed (preferably with cement or lime mortar) in the
sides of the pillars across the gallery, at a height of about
0.60 and 1.0 metre respectively.

APPENDIX II
Uses of various types of Fences

Situations
1. Storage tanks for water to be used in

Type of Fencing to be used

Sl with suitable gate (with

connected

locking any operation

with mining

arrangements) for authorised entry

2. Top of abandoned shafts or inclines

3. Top of working inclines

4. Top of storage bunkers for sand etc.

5. (a) Top of abandoned

quarries and Sl or S2
subsided areas and tramlines
if lying with 100 ft. of
residential building etc.
(b) Top of other abandoned quarries

6. Subsided surface. Surface

likely to subside;
surface above
underground fire etc.
7. Top of working quarry:

S2

S2
Sl and S2 or G2

S2 or G 1 if fencing within 5
metres from edge and G3 or G4 if
the fencing is at a distance greater
than 5 metres from the edge.

Natural growth of thorny bushes

may also be used for the purpose.

S3 or G2 As in situation 5 above

(a) moving fronts

(b) others
8. Tops of underground
staple pits, sumps and
insets and mid-landing
in shaft

S2 or G1

9. Open tops of drifts

S2, G1 or G4

10. Top of working shaft

G1

11. Moving & dangerous parts of Machinery

G1 or G5

12. Tramline bridges and gantries

G2

13. Moving shafts, couplings and gears of

machinery

G1 or G5

14. Entrance to the site of an accident or to a

place where inflammable or noxious gas has
been found (or where there is some other
danger) and the danger has not yet been
removed

U1

15. Entrance to goaves

Ul to be provided out bye the

first support at the goafedge
U2

16. Disused galleries

(Cir. 11/1959)
2. A design of temporary fencing around working quarriesA suitable method whereby
a temporary fencing may be created wherever necessary is shown as in sketch under Reg. 112.
(DGMS Departmental Instruction dt. 21.11.45)
3. Accidents in discontinued/abandoned workingsEvery year some unauthorised persons
or villagers get involved in accidents while surreptitiously working in an abandoned/discontinued
mine. They have occasionally to pay the supreme price of such a folly with their lives or get
maimed for life, but this does not in any way absolve a mine management from discharging its
Obligations under law to keep the entrances to all such workings adequately fenced or blocked off.
Recently a fatal accident occurred in a mine when six villagers went to an abandoned quarry to cut
coal surreptitiously when a mass of overburden measuring about 4.2 m x 3.6 m fell from a height of
about 3.6 m killing one of them (a boy aged 12 years) on the spot and injuring three others. Such
instances occur every now and then, be it a coalmine or a metalliferous mine.
This is, therefore, to remind to get the fencings of all such places checked up and put them in order
wherever there be any deficiency. Suitable steps should also be taken to ensure that the fencing
remains intact and secure.
(Cir. 22/1974)
CMR 190/MMR 181
1. Preventing entry of children in mine premises and fencing of abandoned installations
While four boys were taking shelter underneath an abandoned haulage foundation, the foundation
collapsed injuring all the four boys one of them succumbed to his injuries in the hospital.
Entry of persons below/ eighteen years of age in any part of the mine is prohibited under section 45
of the Mines Act 1952.
It is therefore recommended that:

(i) any part of the equipment or installation not being used for the mining purpose currently shall be
totally dismantled, or properly, adequately and duly fenced off effectively. If any covering is to be
done, it should be done in a permanent safe way;
(ii) mine management should ensure that children do not enter the mine premises/workings (current
or abandoned) so as to endanger their lives.
(Cir. Tech. Sapicom 1/1997)
2. Unauthorised dwellings over dangerous workings Several unauthorised dwellings have
sprung up over areas already depillared or where depillaring is in progress. Dwellings have also been
constructed over disused workings of mines, which are either waterlogged or not accessible for
inspection due to the entrance having been destroyed. As such unauthorised dwellings may collapse and
cause danger to the persons living therein. It has been suggested to the management that whenever any
such dwellings are being constructed the local authorities may be informed to stop construction in time
They may also be able to render some assistance in the interest of the management to stop construction
of such unauthorised dwellings in the premises of the mine.
(Cir. 1/1955)
3. Safety CampaignAs the mining industry is expanding considerably and as mining is becoming
more intensive and more hazardous because easy coal and minerals in the development stages of the
working mines have been exhausted, it is necessary that a serious campaign for safety should be
instituted by mine managements with a view to improve the present working conditions. For this
purpose :
(1) The management of every mine should arrange and conduct safety classes for the supervising staff,
various categories of skilled labour, miners and other workers, illustrating the most efficient and safest
method in which work and the duties allotted to the workers should be carried out. These classes should
be complemented by audio-visual instructions.
(2) The lectures on general safety may include:
(a) good practices in supporting roadways and workings under various conditions.
(b) how common and typical accidents occur and how they can be avoided.
(c) the use and handling of explosives.
(d) dealing with coal dust.
(e) travelling of men in shafts.
(f) practice of handling and attending haulage and pumping machines.
(3) Such classes should be held separate for different categories of workers impressing the different
hazards and dangers to which workers are exposed and the best way to avoid them.
(4) The attendance at the classes be encouraged by giving preference to the regular attendants while
considering promotions to higher grades.
(5) No recruitment of different categories of skilled labour should be made except from those who
have grasped the rudiments of their jobs from these classes. As far as possible none should be
allowed to work underground, till he had some initial training in general safety.
In addition. Safety Weeks should be observed in every mine at intervals not exceeding 3 months
with a view to ensure that good practices described in safety classes are followed. During the Safety
Week all operations in the mine should be carried out with a great stress on safety.

Periodical reports of safety classes and safety weeks may please be sent to the JDMS concerned to
enable him to watch the progress. .
(Cir. 15/1956)
4. Plan for safety and healthAt the 31st session of the State Labour Ministers Conference held at
New Delhi on the 19th & 20th of July, 1980 the question of safety measures in factories and mines
like chemicals and textiles. Iron ore mines etc. was discussed and the following recommendation
was made :
"The occupier of every factory and the owner of every mine should set out in writing his plan
and arrangements in the field of safety and health and the various responsibilities exercised under
these arrangements, and bring this information to the notice of every employee."
The above recommendation is brought to your notice for immediate compliance.
(Cir. Genl. 3/1980)
5. Constitution of Pit Safety CommitteesThe Pit Safety Committee should be constituted and
should function at every mine in accordance with the rules given in the Appendix. Where the Safety
Committee has already been formed, its constitution should be modified to fall in line with the said
rules.
Surveyor should also be a member of the Committee.
Appendix
Pit Safety Committee
1. Formation
At every mine employing 100 persons and above, a Pit Safety Committee shall be formed.
2. Composition
(1) The following shall be the members of the committee in a gassy mine employing 500 persons and
above :
1. Manager
1 11. Shot-firer/Blaster
2. Assistant Manager
1 12. Fitter
1
3. Ventilation Officer
1 13. Timberman
1
4. Engineer
1 14. Line Mistry
1
5. Safety Officer
15. A trammerpreferably
underground trammer
1
6. Welfare Officer
1 16. Engine Driver
1
7. Medical Officer
1 17. Face workers preferably
safe workers only
1
8. Overman/Foreman
1 18. One from each shift
3
9. Sirdar/Mate
1 19. Surveyor
1
10. Dust Incharge
1
(2) In any other mine employing more than 100 persons the number of members of the committee
may be varied keeping in view the general composition given in sub-clause (1) above and, as far as
possible ensuring representation of all major categories of workers employed at the mine.
3. Term of office
The term of office of the members of the Pit Safety Committee shall be one year.

Provided that except for manager, welfare officer, safety officer, ventilation officer, engineer,
assistant manager (if there is only one) all other members shall be rotated after a year, as far as
possible in order of seniority.
Provided further that in case efface workers, the safe worker of the previous year who has been a
member of the committee once shall not be eligible to become member again.
4. Scope
The Pit Safety Committee shall consider and discuss all matters brought before it concerning
safety at the mine but shall not deal with matters relating to wages, wage-rates, labour disputes etc.
ExplanationThe idea is that all the efforts of the committee should be directed only to the safety
aspect of the employees.
5. Functions
The following shall be functions of the Pit Safety Committee
(1) Visit surface and underground parts of mine on a fixed day in a month with a view to meeting the
workers on spot to talk to them on matters of safety, inviting suggestions on safety and for checking
general standards of safety of the section visited.
(2) Invite and consider suggestions for safety.
(3) Review minor, serious and fatal accidents at the mine during the previous month and suggest extra
measures that may be taken to prevent recurrence of accidents.
(4) Enquire independently into all serious accidents, and such minor accidents that may be referred to
the Pit Safety Committee by the manager for inquiry.
(5) Discuss recommendations of Inspector of Mines on matters of safety, and such extracts from the
violation letter of Inspector of Mines that may be placed by the manager before the committee for
information and such actions as may be considered necessary.
(6) Take active part in organising and observing Mines Safety Weeks.
(7) Undertake publicity and propaganda work at the mine for creating safety consciousness amongst
the workers and assist all other bodies engaged in this type of work.
(8) Promote safe practices and lend active support to all measures intended for furthering the cause of
safety in the mine.
6. Quorum and Meetings
(1) 60% of the total membership shall constitute a quorum. Provided that if a meeting is postponed due
to lack of quorum, the next meeting shall be held irrespective to the quorum.
(2) The manager shall preside over every meeting of the Pit Safety Committee. In his absence, the next
senior-most person of the managerial staff shall take the Chair.
(3) The Safety Officer shall act as the Secretary of the Committee. Provided that the assistant manager
or overman (if there is no assistant manager) shall act as the Secretary until a Safety Officer is
appointed at the mine.
(4) The committee shall hold at least one meeting in every month.
(5) The Director/Assistant Director of the National Council for Safety in Mines and an Inspector of
Mines may occasionally attend the meeting of the Committee.
7. Recommendations and Implementation
(1) The management shall take early action on the recommendations of the Pit Safety Committee.

(2) Disciplinary action, if any, recommended by the Committee for negligence resulting in an accident
at the mine shall be in accordance with the Standing Orders of the mine.
8. Accident Enquiry Sub-Committee
(1) The Pit Safety Committee shall appoint a Sub-Committee to enquire into every serious accident
and such minor accidents at the mine that may be referred to the Pit Safety Committee by the manager
for inquiry. The Sub Committee shall consist of the following members of the Committee :
(i) Safety Officer or where there is no Safety Officer, an Assistant Manager, if appointed.
(ii) Engineer or Assistant Engineer, if employed.
(iii) Overman/Foreman
(iv) Sirdar/Mate
(v) Worker's representative on the Pit Safety Committee from the same category to which injured
person(s) belong(s).
(2) The Sub-Committee may co-opt any person employed at the mine to assist in the enquiry.
9. Minutes of the Meetings
A record of the minutes of the meeting of the Pit Safety Committee shall be kept. A copy of the
minutes shall be sent to the Director, National Council for Safety in Mines and the Regional Inspector
of Mines.
(Cir. 49/1964 and 21/1966)
6. Activating of pit safety committeesThe Jeetpur Court of Inquiry in its report has made the
following pertinent observations in respect of Pit Safety Committees with a view to enlisting active cooperation and participation of workers in matters of safety :
"Safety to be effective should be based on safety consciousness of all those engaged in the work of
production. This would include the workers who are only engaged to do such work but in fact suffer
most when accidents occur. A deliberate attempt should, therefore, be made to enlist the co-operation
of workers and their unions and to create interest in safety matters amongst them. A serious attempt
should be made by the management concerned with the help of safety offices to revive, where
necessary, and generally to activate the Pit Safety Committee for this purpose. Enquiry reports on fatal
accidents, as well as general reports by the Safety Officers or by the DGMS on Standards of Safety
followed in the collieries, should not only be made available to the Pit Safety Committees, but actually
discussed in depth at their meetings. A feeling of involvement should be created where both
management and workers get equally involved in the matter of observing safety standards."
2.0 It may be recalled that guidelines for the constitution and functioning of Pit Safety Committees
were spelled out in Circular No. 49 of 1964. The Second Safety Conference while taking note of this
circular had recommended that a representative of workers unions should also be a member of
Committee. Accordingly, vide Circular No. 90 of 1966, the mine managements were advised to
reconstitute the Pit Safety Committees. Although formation of Pit Safety Committee is now only
voluntary, it is proposed to make it a statutory requirement after an enabling clause is incorporated in
the Mines Act as provided in the Mines (Amendment) Bill, 1972 which is now before the parliament.
3.0 The question of activating Pit Safety Committees was also discussed at the recently
Concluded Third Conference on Safety in Mines (Calcutta: 14-15 July, 1973), when it was
unanimously agreed that Pit Safety Committees should be suitably activated so that they play a
positive role and make a fruitful contribution to accident prevention at mines.

4.0 This is therefore, to request you to take suitable steps in order to ensure that activities of
the Pit Safety Committees formed at mine(s) under your control are so directed, and regulated that
maximum benefit can be derived from their work in the interest of raising general safety standards at
the mine(s). The concerned Joint Director and/or the Director of Mines Safety in charge of the zone
may also be consulted in implementing the recommendation of the Third Safety Conference.
(Cir. 49/1973)
7. Recommendation of the Silewara Court of Inquiry : functions of the Pit Safety Committee
The Court of Inquiry into the causes and circumstances attending the accident, which occurred in the
Silewara Colliery on 19.11.75 resulting in the loss of 10 lives due to sudden inrush of water, in its
report has made the following observations regarding functioning of the Pit Safety Committee at the
mine :
"The meetings were usually held once a month; some were cancelled for want of quorum or other
unstated reasons. The minutes show that the Committee functioned mostly as a forum for education of
workers with regard to mine safety. It is difficult to say that the subordinate staff took the Committee
and its meetings very seriously. They might have done so if there were a separate Safety Officer
functioning as Secretary of the Committee unburdened with other responsibilities; this unfortunately
was not the case. Under the stimulus of positive initiative of such Secretary the subordinate staff might
have felt themselves encouraged to talk about the aspects of the mine workings, which posed threats of
danger. Apart from the education of workers, these meetings seem to have been largely taken up with
requests for various kinds of facilities to workers working underground. The minutes show that
matters relating to serious dangers in the underground were not at all raised or discussed."
The Court of Inquiry has made the following recommendations in this respect
"The scope of the functions of the Pit Safety Committee to be enlarged to include consideration
and discussion of matters relating to existing danger in the underground workings of the mine."
Attention is also invited to DGMS Circular No. 49 of 1973 whereby the measures for activating Pit
Safety Committees at mines in the light of the recommendation made by the Jeetpur Court of Inquiry,
were specific for suitable action.
It has been realised by all concerned, particularly during the Safety Conference, that the Pit
Safety Committee must make a positive contribution towards prevention of accidents. Therefore, the
observations made by the Silewara court of Inquiry as mentioned above are naturally a matter of great
concern. Admittedly, a renewed bid should be made to make the Pit Safety Committee function in a
purposeful manner.
Suitable steps as recommended should be taken in consultation with the National Council for Safety
in Mines and the concerned Director of Mines Safety.
(Cir. Tech. 15/1979)
8. The need for good construction of high wallsIn a fatal accident a 18m long x 4.5m high x
38cm thick wall on one side of an incline cutting collapsed after two weeks of its construction on a
loader. The wall was made up of brick in cement mortar of a ratio 1: 8 and was built on the stone floor
of the incline cutting. The space between the back of walls and sides of the cutting was filled with
sand and weep holes were also provided in the brickwork.

The basic defect that led to collapse of the wall was lack of deep and secure foundation
commensurate to the total height. Further as a good civil engineering principle, the ratio of cement to
sand should not have been less than 1: 4.
Constructing high walls without proper and secure foundation and with poor cement: sand ratio mortar
is hazardous. This may be noted and it may always be ensured that such construction is under
supervision and control of a competent and qualified (civil) engineer.
(Cir. 40/1971)
CMR 191 /MMR 182
1. Use of synthetic fiber clothes and non-conducting footwear by shot firers/ blasters and their
helpersStatic charge can be generated and stored on bodies of persons wearing synthetic fiber
clothes and/or socks and non-conducting shoes or boots. It is learnt that the potential of such charge
during dry months may go upto 60,000 volts, especially on a cold day in a dry climate. This can
discharge through the detonator wire insulation to the ground if the wires touch the charged body and
may lead to firing of the detonator with dangerous results.
It is, therefore, advisable to ensure that blasters/shot firers and their helpers do not wear synthetic fiber
clothes and socks whilst on duty. It should also be ensured that they are provided with and wear only
non-conducting type of shoes or boots, e.g. leather sole footwear.
(Cir. Tech. 1/1985)
2. Protection of workers against Noise and Vibration in the working environmentUnlike
other major countries practically no work has been done in Indian mines so far to study the hazards of
noise and vibration in the working environment. There can, however, be no doubt that we have to
tackle this problem with the increasing mechanisation of mining operations. Probably, this problem
already exists in the following situations, amongst others
(1) while operating pneumatic drills etc,
(2) near Heavy Earth Moving machinery,
(3) in locations housing continuously operated machinery like surface mechanical ventilator, surface
screening plants, underground main pumps etc,
(4) during operation of Anderton Shearer machine etc.
2.1 It is known that exposure to noise may interfere with speech communication, cause
annoyance and distraction. It has been reported that it may also reduce output and efficiency and
cause fatigue apart from various health disorders unrelated to the effects on the hearing.
2.2.1 It is often asserted that noise reduces output and efficiency and affects morale. A change
in noise level, up or down, from those to which persons are accustomed may cause adverse effects,
which quickly subside. It is difficult to demonstrate any prolonged effect on performance or working
efficiency but in as much as sound can cause annoyance, difficulty in communication etc. this may
become a factor for absenteeism etc.
2.2.2 Fatigue may result from having to talk loudly or from extra effort caused by
misunderstandinga matter difficult to assess objectively. It has been claimed that many noisy
occupations cause nervous irritability and strain but the reaction varies greatly in different
individuals.

2.2.3 In certain circumstances, noise may cause a decreased electrical resistance in the skin,
reduction of gastric activity, or electro-myographic evidence of increased muscle tension.
2.2.4 All the above consequences are leading to even fatal/serious accidents in mines.
3.1 It is felt that a time has come when some noise limits should be indicated as a goal to be
achieved, the main objectives in this regard being:
(a) to prevent a risk of hearing impairment;
(b) to prevent interference of communication essential for safety purposes;
and
(c) to eliminate nervous fatigue with due consideration to the work to be done.
Recommended Noise Standards3.2 Based on the recent ILO Code of Practice* the following
standards and guidelines are provisionally recommended for attainment, as far as practicable:
3.2.1 A warning limit value of 85 dB (A) may be set as the level below which very little risk to an
unprotected ear, of hearing impairment exists for an eight hour exposure.
3.2.2 The danger limit value shall be 90 dB (A), above which the danger of hearing impairment and
deafness may result from an unprotected ear:
Provided that during emergencies, or because of unforeseen technical reasons, a worker may be
temporarily authorised to exceed the daily dose, but only if on the next day he recuperates so that the
maximum weekly dose does not exceed the value specified above.
3.2.3 A worker should not be allowed to enter, without appropriate ear protection, an area in which the
noise level is 115 dB (A) or more.
3.2.4 Personal protective equipment shall be worn, if there are single isolated outbursts of noise which
can go above 130 dB (A) Impulse or 120 dB (A) Fast.
3.2.5 No worker shall be allowed to enter an area where the noise level exceeds 140dB(A).
Identification and marking of Risk Areas4.1 In order to identify risk areas, noise
levels should be measured where;
(a) an inspection discloses that such risk may exists;
(b) the workers complain that they are subject to an uncomfortable or disturbing level of noise; or
(c) speech intelligibility is impaired (in a normal voice) at a distance of 50 centimeters (20 inches) or
less;
4.2 Marking of the following risk areas and equipment should be done so as to:
(a) indicate clearly equipment producing noise in excess of 85 dB(A);
(b) display prominently a suitable sign forbidding entry to all except those wearing appropriate
means of protection.
Measurement of Noise Level5.1 Noise should be measured whenever speech intelligibility is
impaired (in a normal voice) at a distance of 50 centimeters (20 inches) or less. Measurement of
noise may be made in one of the following ways:
(a) at the level of the worker's head in his ordinary working posture; or
(b) with the microphone at 1 metre away from the worker's head in this position, and on both
sides. Should the figures obtained vary from one place to another, the highest value ought to be
taken.

5.2 The persons responsible for monitoring noise and vibration in the working environment
should have received appropriate training in the measurement and control of noise and vibration.
They should be equipped with suitable instruments to do the job.
5.3 It is no doubt important to ascertain whether the technical preventive measures remain
effective. For this purpose, there should be periodical inspections and checks of the risk areas and
equipment. For this purpose, a systematic programme of assessment of noise levels should be
undertaken.
Protective measures and technical control6.1 Use of following protective equipment may be
considered in appropriate cases :
(a) ear-plugs, which can be used more than once;
(b) disposable ear-plugs (ear-plugs made of ordinary cotton wool are prohibited);
(c) ear-muffs; and
(d) helmets and other specialized ear-protectors.
6.2 Needless to say, personal hearing protection should on no account be in lieu of technical
prevention. Appropriate measures to prevent generation, transmission, amplification, and reverberation
of noise and vibration should therefore be taken when machinery and equipment is being designed.
Noise and vibration levels should also be amongst the factors to be taken into account when any
machinery or equipment is to be ordered. Accordingly, there should be a close liaison with
manufacturers with a view to reducing noise and vibration emission of such machines and equipment.
Obviously, it is preferable to purchase quieter equipment, or which produces less vibration than to be
compelled later on to take steps against excessive noise and vibration.
6.3 When neither by suitable design of equipment nor by their installation, noise and vibration levels
can be brought below the danger limits, the following protective measures may be considered :
(a) enabling workers to have easy access to soundproof booths either totally or
partially enclosed;
(b) providing workers with adequate hearing protection and anti-vibration devices;
(c) providing workers with anti-vibration working platforms; or
(d) limiting time of exposure to excessive noise or vibration.
Vibration Limits7.1 As for the vibration limits, aim should be to take appropriate steps which will
ensure desirable degree of comfort and protection required especially against:
(a) vibrations affecting the hands and arms (vibrating tools); and
(b) whole body vibration transmitted through the supporting surface.
7.2 No specific vibration limits are indicated because available scientific data is inadequate. However,
for a continuous exposure maximum permissible levels of vibration, depending on daily exposure,
should be laid down, in the light of current scientific knowledge, technical progress, and possibilities
of prevention.
Action8.11 shall be pleased if suitable steps are taken by you to reduce, by all appropriate means,
the exposure of workers to any excessive noise and vibration. The DGMS may please be kept
informed of the action taken in this regard.
(Cir. Tech. 18/1975)

3. Protection of workers against noiseBased on the ILO Code of Practice certain standards and
guidelines were provisionally recommended vide Cir. (Tech.) 18 of 1975 for protection of workers
against noise.
2.0 Recent surveys in some mines have shown that operators of pneumatic jack hammer drills,
rock breakers, rocker shovel, mechanical loader, shovels, dragline and other heavy earth moving
machines and other persons working m the vicinity thereof are getting exposed to sound levels higher
than those recommended in the above circular.
The surveys indicated the following noise levels near different machinery :
2.1 In an underground metalliferous mine
(i) jack hammer drills
(ii) rock breaker
(iii) rocker shovel

106dB(A)
106dB(A)
104dB(A)

2.2 In an underground coal mine,

(i) near shearer
(ii) transfer point
(iii) tail end of belt conveyors
(iv) power pack of pump
(v) drive head of AFC
2.3 In an opencast mine,
(i) near drill
(ii) in dumper cabin while moving

96dB(A)
99dB(A)
89 dB(A)
91 dB(A)
96dB(A)
111 dB(A)
103dB(A)
89dB(A)

(iii) diesel shovel(in cabin)

3.0 Such high noise levels are likely to affect not only the safety of persons exposed to noise but also
their productivity. It is, therefore, recommended that immediate steps be taken to control noise level
and afford necessary protection to workers against noise. Given below are some suggestions for noise
control and ear protection:
3.1 Noise exposure is the product of the noise level and the exposure duration and hence may be
controlled by reducing either. However limiting noise level reaching the ear by noise reduction at the
sources is by far the most cost effective and positive approach whereas reduction of exposure duration,
the common administrative action of personnel rotation to spread the exposure amongst several
workers should be resorted to in special situations only when noise control is impractical or not
feasible.
3.1.1 The first method of noise control is to plan work areas, so that employees and noise sources are
kept as far apart as is practicable.
3.1.2 Control can be also affected at the source by engineering design of the machine or equipment
and its proper installation and maintenance e.g. damping impact noise, noise insulation by sound
absorbing materials, acoustic barriers or enclosures etc.
3.2 In situations where noise control at source is just not possible and purely as a temporary measure
while engineering work is being undertaken, personal ear-protection should be used.
3.2.1 The actual ear protection is a function of construction of the defender, frequency of noise and the
fit of the device to the subject and differs widely with different manufacturers. Attenuation quoted by
the suppliers is the average of change in hearing threshold obtained on a number of subjects when the

protector is correctly fitted. The assumed protection is also frequency dependenttypically the
attention provided goes from little or nothing at low frequency upto 35 to 40 dB (A) at high frequency.
3.2.2 The normal range of hearing of a healthy young person extends from approximately 20 Hz
to 20 kHz. The human ear is most sensitive to sound between 2 kHz and 5 kHz and less sensitive
at higher and lower frequency. In terms of sound pressure level (SPL), audible sound ranges
from the threshold of hearing at 0 dB (A) to the threshold of pain which can be over 130 dB (A)
3.2.3 It is necessary to consider design of protection against the frequency spectrum of the noise
in question in order to calculate dB (A) level inside the ear canal. Since protection is
afforded only if the defender is worn properly, it is advisable to choose a device with lower
performance if its comfort factor is significantly better than the heavy duty type.
On the basis of acoustic measurement, different types of hearing protectors can be placed in
one of the following categories of protection
Lowfor noise level
85
100dB(A)
Medium-do100
110dB(A)
High-do110
120dB(A)
Extra High-doabove
120dB(A)
3.2.4 A list of different types of hearing defenders in use in British coal mines is given in the
Appendix.
4.0 Effective personal hearing protection programme essentially comprises of the following
constituents
(i) assessment of noise exposure level.
(ii) determination of level of residual protection after implementation of reasonably practicable
noise control measures.
(iii) selection of protectors to give the required attention.
(iv) worker's perception of the consequences of not wearing protector correctly.
(v) selection of protector acceptable to the individual worker for the period of required use.
(vi) selection of mutually compatible item of other personal protective equipment required.
(vii) training of wearers to ensure that they know how, where and when protectors should be
fitted.
(viii) demarcation of the work locations where protector should be worn.
(ix) adequate supervision to ensure protectors are worn correctly, when and where required.
(x) maintenance of protector in an efficient and hygienic condition.

5.0 Early steps may please be taken

(i) to reduce, by the appropriate means, the exposure of workers to any excessive noise
and
(ii) to procure suitable sound level meters and conduct noise level surveys in the manner
recommended in DGMS Cir. (Tech.) 18 of 1975.
Appendix I
HEARING PROTECTORS-APPLICATION

Level of protection: Low; L - for noise levels 85-100 dB (A)

Medium: M - for noise levels 100-110 dB (A)
High: H - for noise levels 110-120 dB (A)
Extra High: X - for noise levels above 120 dB (A)
Typical
Protection Type
Protection Possible application
Reduction
level
dB(A)
(a) Earmuffs
Air stream Helmet
Mounted
Recal Quick Snop
Helmet mounted
SuperC
Belcap L
Recal Quick Snap
Silenta Super
Special helmet
mounted
Thereford Type E
Headband mounted
Bilson Loton
Recal Ultra moff 2
Ear 1000
(b) Ear plugs
Bilson Soft
Ear Foam
(c) Earmuffand
Earplug combined
Ear 1000 Muff
EarPlug

From to
M

Dint Header operator

95-70

L
L
M
H

Road Header operator

Road Header operator
Working near Auxiliary Pan
Air leg Borer operator

97-85
97-84
115-85
118-89

Semi-automatic welder

92-69

L
M
H

Planer operator
98-73
Wire Brush operator
106-89
Nylon hand grinder operator 114-86

L
L

Profile Burner operator

Methane Drainage pump

93-68
93-70

L
*

3 Air Leg Borer operator

Drop Hammer operator

123-85
114-78

*For use with standard safety helmets incorporating welding shields for face.

(Cir. Tech. 5/1990)

CMR 191 A/MMR 182 A
1. Use of safety helmets and protective footwear by workmenIt has been found that some
workmen go into a mine without wearing safety helmets and protective footwear provided to
them by the management. This shows that adequate steps are not taken at such mines to ensure
strict compliance with the statutory requirements according to which no person shall go into or
work, or be allowed to go or work in a mine unless he wears the said protective equipment.
It is apparent that some persons should be specially deputed by the manager for a check at
the pit-top or at mine entrance.
This duty may be entrusted either to a body checker or banksman or any other suitable
person, who should be appointed in writing for this work, in addition to his other duties
whenever possible.
(Cir. 74/1973)

2. Use of safety helmets by loadersSome difficulty has been experienced to enforce

statutory requirements in case of loaders, who carry loaded baskets on heads. Loaders seem to
find it difficult to adopt themselves to the helmets with the head loads.
There appear to be following three alternatives to solve the problem of loaders:
(1) Loaders should be provided with helmets fitted with adjustable chinstraps. They should put
on the helmet when actually not carrying a head load, but while they are engaged in carrying
such loads, they may remove the helmet from the head and throw it over on to their backs.
(2) The loaders change the mode of carrying the load by putting it on their shoulders, and wear
the helmet with a chinstrap to permit it from falling off their head while carrying the shoulder
loads.
(3) The head load to be carried over top of the head with a ring type of padding permanently
fixed to the helmet (by means of soft wire like used detonator leads) serving to provide a 'seat'
for the basket. In this case, a band of cloth may be tied around the forehead to provide a
cushion between the helmet and the forehead.
One of the above mentioned three alternatives may be adopted whichever is preferred by the
loaders. Method of serial No. 2 would appear to be particularly suitable for thin seams. Practice
at serial No. 3 has been actually adopted at some of the mines with complete success. The
ring is made locally by the loaders and it is of the same design as is at present commonly
used by persons while carrying head loads.
(Cir. 72/1967)
3. Interval for free supply of helmets to mine workersFrom time to time requests are
received from the mine managements asking for extension of the interval of free supply of
helmets to the mine workers. The matter has been carefully considered and by virtue of powers
under Reg. 191A(2) of CMR 1957 and 182A(2) of MMR 1961, the DGMS has permitted the
supply and use of approved helmets for a period not exceeding five years in respect of the
following
(i) workers employed in opencast workings.
(ii) workers employed on the surface of the mines.
This permission is granted only on trial basis and may be amended or withdrawn if
considered necessary in the interest of safety.
Notwithstanding anything contained in para I, the interval of supply of helmets to the
underground workers of the mines shall not exceed three years as laid down in sub-regulation
(2) of Reg. 191A of CMR 1957 and 182A of MMR 1961.
(Cir. Legis. 2/1975)
4. Replacement of harness of safety helmetsSafety helmets manufactured according to IS :
2925 and having IS Certification mark license are approved by this Directorate for use in
mines. According to the regulations, helmets are to be supplied free of charge, at intervals not
exceeding three years. While the life of a helmet is 3 years, its harness consisting of a
headband, inner cushioning and crown straps is subject to damage and deterioration at a fast
rate requiring frequent replacement.

The head-band and crown straps have specified widths and the harness has to be so attached
that the lower edge of the headband is level with the lower edge of the shell of the helmet. Also
the strap shall ensure a clearance of at least 30 mm. between the top of the wearer's head and
inside of the top of the helmet crown at the smallest size adjustment of the headband. As per
specifications, harness of the same sizes of helmets shall be interchangeable between shells of
the same size.
In view of the above important factor involving safety of the wearer, it is essential that a
harness must be replaced by one of correct size and dimensions. It is, therefore, advised that
harness for such replacement must be obtained from the manufacturer of the particular type of
helmet or otherwise approved. Also such replacement should preferably be made once in every
six months.
(Cir. 32/1974)
CMR191 B/MMR182B
1. Use and supply of protective goggles or shields to the workers to prevent eye
injuriesOwner, Agent and Manager of every mine is required to provide the following
classes of persons with protective goggles or shields fitted with unsplinterable glass or other
suitable material so as to prevent eye injuries:
1. persons engaged in breaking, chipping or dressing stone, ore or any other mineral.
2. persons engaged in workshop on jobs involving work of cutting, chipping, grinding or
drilling, ore, mineral or such other substance.
3. welders and their helpers, and
4. persons who are engaged in any operation in which they are exposed to the risk of injury to
their eyes due to flying fragments of any substance or otherwise.
(Cir. 29/1974)
2. Use of glovesTrammers and persons handling machinery are exposed to the hazard of
injuries to hands. In some of the cases gloves are being used by these categories of workers.
Experience in these mines indicated that rate of accident involving hands (including fingers)
could be brought down considerably by use of suitable types of gloves. In one mine, such
accidents were brought down by nearly 30% by use of gloves in one year.
Accidents not only cause hardship to the injured persons but also affect productivity. In
order to reduce accidents to hands, it is proposed to issue shortly a notification under Reg.
191B of the CMR, 1957 and Reg. 182B of the MMR, 1961, requiring the use of gloves by all
trammers and persons handling machinery in mines. Pending issue of such a notification you
are advised to take action to provide suitable types of gloves to these categories of persons
immediately.
As per information available from the mines where gloves are being used, a list of
manufacturers of gloves is enclosed for your guidance. Some of the mines are procuring gloves
from local sources. You may procure gloves from any of the sources but the same should be of
good quality and suitable for use under mining conditions.
I trust you will take immediate action to comply with this directive.

(Cir. Tech. 1/1983)

ANNEXURE
LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF GLOVES FOR USE IN MINES
1. M/s. Berco Welding & Electrical Private Ltd., Jullunder.
2. M/s. Associated Mechanical Industries, Belgaum.
3. M/s. Sersenraj Enterprise,
C/o Mr. S.K. Jain, Nag Nagar, Dhanbad.
4. M/s. Industrial Protective Equipments, 62, Bentink Street, Calcutta-700 069.
5. M/s. Mohsin & Co., Madras.
6. M/s. Swastik Enterprises, Bangalore.
7. All India Women's Conference, Kalyan Niketan Road, No. 19FArea, Jamshedpur.
3. Accidents caused by jerks during cutting timber by power operated high speed saw
Investigation into a fatal accident caused by jerk of a circular saw revealed that during cutting
of timbers in power operated saws, a severe jerk is felt when some knot or any other
unforeseen defect remains in the timber as the saw of the speed is very high.
To prevent such accidents
(1) the operator should wear goggles and leather hand-gloves,
(2) suitable padded leather shield should be provided to protect the abdomen and the
chest,
(3) feeding of timber into the saw should be done by the pressure of hand only and a high
fence should be provided in between the timber and body of the operator so that in
case of any back thrust, the fence can absorb the momentum.
The fence should be either hinged type or shielding type so that it is opened only when
the timber is placed in the machine.
(Cir. Tech. 3/1977)
4. Use of line-men's safety beltThat a safety belt should be used whenever electricians or
competent persons are required to work at the top of an overhead line pole is a recognised good
practice which should not normally need a reminder. However, it appears that there are still
some lapses as was seen when an accident occurred in a mine recently when an electrician fell
from the top of an overhead pole and received fatal injuries. The mishap could have been easily
avoided if only the electrician had been provided with and used a lineman's safety belt (made
to IS: 3521-1955 Specifications for Lineman's Safety Belt and Strap).
(Cir. 28/1967)
CMR191D/MMR182D
3. Supply of Self-rescuersIt may be recalled that the Jeetpur Colliery Court of Inquiry had
recommended, inter alias, that the use of self-rescuers should be popularized and introduced on
compulsory basis. The matter was discussed at the Third Conference on Safety in Mines
(Calcutta: 14-15 July 1973) when it was agreed that self-rescuers should be introduced early.

Use of self-rescuers is compulsory in a number of other countries like UK, France, West
Germany, Poland and USSR. The question of providing self-rescuers to workers employed in
mines in our country too has been under consideration of DGMS for quite sometime. The main
difficulty has been lack of indigenous equipment. Notwithstanding the same, it is now
considered desirable that the introduction of self-rescuers in Indian mines should not be
delayed any further even if it becomes necessary to import this essential piece of safety
equipment in the interest of safety of workers employed belowground in coal mines.
A programme of phased supply of self-rescuers to persons employed belowground has
therefore been drawn up spread over a period of three years as indicated below:
Period
(1) Up to 31.12.1975

To be supplied to all underground employees in:

all Degree III gassy mines, and other underground mines
specially liable to spontaneous heating and fires.

(2) Up to 30.9.1976
(3) Up to 30.9.1977

all Degree II gassy mines

all Degree I gassy mines.

The above decision was communicated in August 1974 to the Chairmen/ Chairman-cumManaging Directors of all Public Sector Undertakings and all other concerned mine
managements. It is expected that necessary arrangements for providing self-rescuers in
accordance with the above phased programme has already been initiated and will be complied
within the stipulated periods.
(Cir. Legis. 8/1975)
4. Maintenance and use of self-rescuersYour attention is drawn to this Directorate's
Circular No. 8 (Legis) of 1975 regarding introduction of self-rescuers in coalmines in a phased
manner. The Court of Inquiry into the causes of and circumstances attending ignition of
inflammable gas which occurred on the 22nd Jan., 1979 at Baragolai Colliery has also
recommended, inter-alias, that self-rescuers should be issued to all underground workers.
Self-rescuer is a life saving equipment. It is, therefore, of utmost importance that the
equipment is maintained in working order. Training should be given to all workers in their use
and those who have been issued self-rescuers must be persuaded to carry them,
The following aspects relating to maintenance and use of self-rescuers need particular
attention
1. Written instructions regarding care and maintenance issued by the manufacturers or
suppliers of self-rescuers should be fully implemented.
2. A competent person should be made responsible for examination and maintenance of selfrescuers.
|
3. Each self-rescuer should be serially numbered and the same self-rescuer should be issued to
a person everyday.
I
4. Self-rescuers should be stored in the lamp room or in an adjacent well ventilated room on
suitably constructed racks and arranged serially,
5. A card for recording details like results of periodic weighments and physical condition etc.
should be made out for each self-rescuer. The card should be filled ii and signed by the

competent person responsible for examination and maintenance of self-rescuers. In addition,

check inspections of a few self-rescuers selected at random may be made by an official of
the rank of at least Assistant Manager who should also countersign the card.
6. It should be ensured that each worker carrying a self-rescuer is fully trained in the use of the
same. Besides the actual use in emergency he may be briefed about the following
(a) How to carry the equipment.
(b) The circumstances under which a self-rescuer should be used and when should it be
taken off.
(c) After putting on a self-rescuer, what a person should not do.
(d) During actual use, the self-rescuer is likely to get hot. It should neither be removed
nor pass breathing be resorted too.
For the purpose of training of personnel, assistance from the manufactures/suppliers
should be taken. Use should be made of training model self-rescuers, audio-visual means like
slide with recorded commentary, films etc. available with the manufacturers/suppliers of the
self-rescuer.
(Cir. Tech. 7/1982)
3. Proper quality assurance, storage, maintenance & use of Filter Self RescuersSelfrescuer is essentially a life saving escape type of protective equipment used in emergency for
escaping to safety through an irrespirable atmosphere containing highly toxic carbon monoxide
gas. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to ensure that the same should be of proper design,
construction and quality as per specified standards. While in use, it should be properly stored,
maintained and handled with care so that it provides adequate protection in emergency.
The importance of the self-rescuer as a life saving equipment, the need for maintaining the
same to the highest degree of availability and important issues connected with use and
maintenance of filter self-rescuers had been brought to the attention of the industry vide
DGMS (Tech.) Circular No. 7 of 1982.
The importance of providing, maintaining and proper storage of filter self rescuers also
came to sharp focus after an occurrence of the disaster due to fire in New Kenda Colliery of
M/s. E.C.L. on 24.01,1994.
The testing of filter self rescuers came into prominence when a few of the samples of filter
self-rescuers collected from the mines by DGMS officials and subjected to Break-through Test
in the Artificial Lung Simulator Machine provided at DGMS, Dhanbad failed. Since the
samples tested were drawn from those actually being used in the mines, the matter gained
greater seriousness. It was felt that proper quality of such life saving products was not checked
by the user.
Till recent past, facilities for testing of FSRs as per BIS specifications was provided with
manufacturers only. No National Test House Laboratories had such facilities. The need for
having testing facilities with an independent agency was long felt. Testing facility was
developed at CMRI, Dhanbad in 1996. However none of the coal companies including Coal
India Ltd. who are the main users of the FSRs, have any testing facilities as yet.

In view of the above, a committee was set up by the undersigned to look into the use of
filter self-rescuers with a view to determine whether self-rescuers adhere to the prescribed
standards and approved design, assess their quality and condition and review the existing
quality control, testing and maintenance procedure by users and suggest remedial measures to
ensure their sustained availability with proper quality.
The Committee during enquiry observed that storage, maintenance and use of filter selfrescuers in coalmines was far from satisfactory. Filter self-rescuers were not being generally
weighed at regular intervals in most of the mines. Moreover, accurate weighing machines were
not available in most of the mines. From the data submitted by coal companies, it revealed that
substantial number of filter self-rescuers had gained weight beyond the permissible limit and
were therefore unfit for use in mines. The mine management however remained oblivious of
this fact. It reveals that standard of maintenance of the self-rescuers in the mines in generally
not satisfactory at all.
Proper storage and use of filter self-rescuers is particularly important as the life of filter
self-rescuers depends on the same. Improper storage and use may lead to damage of outer
container and consequent ingress of moisture, which will render the catalyst of filter selfrescuer ineffective. The ineffectiveness of the catalyst is reflected by gain in weight. Therefore,
as a check for effectiveness of the filter self-rescuers, periodic weighing in sensitive and
accurate weighing machine is essential and this forms the most important feature of the regular
maintenance schedule.
Regarding 'shelf life' of filter rescuers, BIS 9563: 1980 states as follows:
"The filter self-rescuers shall at no time gain in mass by more than 12 grams at which
stage it shall be considered to have lost its effectiveness. This gain in mass shall not take place
in less than 4 years from the date of manufacturing.
Note -1: Further, if a vacuum sealed self-rescuer is found to have opened, it shall be weighed
immediately, and if found within the limits, then it should be resealed as per manufacturer's
instructions."
The committee observed that most of the instructions of DGMS (tech.) No. 7 of 1982 were
not being complied with. Therefore, the chance of ineffective filter self-rescuers continued to
be used by the mine workers, always remain high. It is necessary to ensure that the aforesaid
recommendations of circular are strictly complied with. The existing maintenance, checking,
testing and use of filter self-rescuers at the mine level, gives enough scope for improvement.
Measures and suggestions to improve the same are given below:
1. It is necessary for all coal mining companies having belowground mines to have their own
quality control and testing facilities for filter self-rescuers possibly at appex level i.e. ISO,
Rescue Stations, CMPDIL etc. A system shall be established for quality assurance at the user
end. The quality control and sample checks should be carried out at the procurement stage and
then periodically during its use in the mines.
2. A thorough check shall be carried out of all self-rescuers being used in belowground coal
mines to ensure that these are as per prescribed standard IS;
9563-1980 and of proper quality. In case any sub-standard or defective equipment is detected,
the same shall be immediately removed from the mine and replaced by proper one.

3. Most of the mines don't have a system for weighing of FSR. In some mines, where it is
provided, it is by grocers pan and weight, which cannot measure gain in weight upto 12 g
accurately. Suitable sensitive type of balance shall be used for accurate weighing of the selfrescuers. Moreover, filter self-rescuers should be weighed at least every three month to
determine the gain in mass. Filter self-rescuers shall at no time gain in mass by more than 12
grams at which stage it shall be considered to have lost its effectiveness.
4. Filter self-rescuer is essentially an escape type of personal protective equipment. It should
not be used for purposes other than escaping to safety through an irrespirable atmosphere
containing CO. The practice of dealing fires using filter self-rescuers should be discontinued.
5. Filter self-rescuers shall be carried by each person going belowground and shall be kept with
him while at work. Sufficient number of filter self-rescuers shall be provided at the mines in
good condition so that the same can be issued to individual persons by name, which will
improve maintenance, upkeep and proper usage.
6. In respect of care, maintenance and use of self-rescuers a detailed circular was issued to the
industries in 1982 bearing DGMS (Tech.) Circular No. 7 of 1982. Recommendations of this
circular shall be strictly complied with.
Defective filter self-rescuers may create false sense of security to the mines with serious
consequences. It would be prudent on the part of the user to maintain a vigilant eye on the
quality and upkeep of filter self rescuers in the interest of safety of persons employed in the
underground coal mines. Correct action in this regard shall be taken at the earliest.
(Cir. Tech. 7/1999)
CMR199A/190A
1. Marking of escape routes for emergencyAt times an eventuality may arise in an
emergency, when some miners might have to walk out of the mine workings unattended or
unescorted by mine officials. It therefore appears necessary that escape routes from different
sections or parts of the mine, where workers are engaged on work, should be prominently
designated by suitable markings, which are clearly visible underground. This simple measure is
also recommended for implementation in addition to the usual mock rehearsals once at least in
a quarter.
(Cir. 10/1973)
2. Model standing orders in the event of a Fire. see circular 59/1967 under Reg. 120.
Previous

Home

Next