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Application of Transformer according to Uses:

Step up Transformer: It should be Yd1 or Yd11.


Step down Transformer: It should be Dy1 or Dy11.
Grounding purpose Transformer: It should be Yz1 or Dz11.
Distribution Transformer: We can consider vector group of Dzn0 which
reduce the 75% of harmonics in secondary side.
Power Transformer: Vector group is deepen on application for Example :
Generating Transformer : Dyn1 , Furnace Transformer: Ynyn0.

Why when Generating Transformer is Yd1 then Distribution Transformer is


Dy11:

This is the HV Side or the Switchyard side of the Generator Transformer is


connected in Delta and the LV Side or the generator side of the GT is
connected in Star, with the Star side neutral brought out.
The LV side voltage will lag the HV side voltage by 30 degrees.
Thus, in a generating station we create a 30 degrees lagging voltage for
transmission, with respect to the generator voltage.
As we have created a 30 degrees lagging connection in the generating
station, it is advisable to create a 30 degrees leading connection in
distribution so that the user voltage is in phase with the generated voltage.
And, as the transmission side is Delta and the user might need three phase,
four-wire in the LV side for his single phase loads, the distribution
transformer is chosen as Dyn11.
There is magnetic coupling between HT and LT. When the load side (LT)
suffers some dip the LT current try to go out of phase with HT current, so 30
degree phase shift in Dyn-11 keeps the two currents in phase when there is
dip.
So the vector group at the generating station is important while selecting
distribution Transformer.

Vector Group in Generating-Transmission-Distribution System:

Generating TC is Yd1 transmitted power at 400KV, for 400KV to 220KV


Yy is used and by using Yd between e.g. 220 and 66 kV, then Dy from 66 to
11 kV so that their phase shifts can be cancelled out. And for LV
(400/230V) supplies at 50 Hz are usually 3 phase, earthed neutral, so a
Dyn LV winding is needed. Here GT side -30lag (Yd1) can be nullify +30
by using distribution Transformer of Dy11.

A reason for using Yd between e.g. 220 and 66 kV, then Dy from 66 to 11
kV is that their phase shifts can cancel out and It is then also possible to
parallel a 220/11 kV YY transformer, at 11 kV, with the 66/11 kV (a YY
transformer often has a third, delta, winding to reduce harmonics). If one
went Dy11 Dy11 from 220 to 11 kV, there would be a 60 degree shift,
which is not possible in one transformer. The standard transformer groups
in distribution avoid that kind of limitation, as a result of thought and
experience leading to lowest cost over many years.

Generator TC is Yd1, Can we use Distribution TC Dy5 instead of Dy11.

With regards to theory, there are no special advantages of Dyn11 over Dyn5.
In Isolation Application: In isolated applications there is no advantage or
disadvantage by using Dy5 or Dy11. If however we wish to interconnect the
secondary sides of different Dny transformers, we must have compatible
transformers, and that can be achieved if you have a Dyn11 among a group
of Dyn5s and vice versa.
In Parallel Connection: Practically, the relative places of the phases remain
same in Dyn11 compared to Dyn5.
If we use Yd1 Transformer on Generating Side and Distribution side Dy11
transformer than -30 lag of generating side (Yd1) is nullify by +30 Lead at
Receiving side Dy11) so no phase difference respect to generating Side and
if we are on the HV side of the Transformer, and if we denote the phases as
R- Y-B from left to right, the same phases on the LV side will be R- Y -B,
but from left to Right.
This will make the Transmission lines have same color (for identification)
whether it is input to or output from the Transformer.
If we use Yd1 Transformer on Generating Side and Distribution side Dy5
transformer than -30 lag of generating side (Yd1) is more lag by -150 Lag at
Receiving side (Dy5) so Total phase difference respect to generating Side is
180 deg (-30+-150=-180) and if we are on the HV side of the Transformer,
and if we denote the phases as R- Y-B from left to right, the same phases on
the LV side will be R- Y -B, but from Right to Left.
This will make the Transmission lines have No same color (for
identification) whether it is input to or output from the Transformer.
The difference in output between the Dyn11 and Dny5 and is therefore 180
degrees.

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