What is the difference between BIOS & CMOS?

The BIOS and CMOS are often times thought to be the same thing,
but they are not. They are two different components of a computer,
but they do work together to make the computer function properly.

The BIOS is a computer chip on the motherboard that resembles the

picture above. This chip contains a special program that helps the computer processor interact
and control the other components in the computer. These other components include disc drives,
video cards, sound cards, network cards, floppy drives, USB ports, hard drives, and others.
Without the BIOS, the processor would not know how to interact or interface with the computer
components, and the computer would not be able to function.
The CMOS is also a computer chip on the motherboard, but more specifically, it is a
RAM chip. This is a type of memory chip which stores information about the
computer components, as well as settings for those components. However, normal
RAM chips lose the information stored in them when power is no longer supplied to
them. To retain the information in the CMOS chip, a CMOS battery on the
motherboard supplies constant power to that CMOS chip. If the battery is removed
from the motherboard or runs out of juice (e.g. a dead CMOS battery), the CMOS would lose the
information stored in it. Any settings you made in the CMOS setup would be lost, and you would
need to make those settings changes again after a new CMOS battery was put on the
motherboard. For example, with a dead CMOS battery the time and date will reset back to the
manufactured date if it has been off for a long period of time.
The BIOS program on the BIOS chip reads information from the CMOS chip when the computer
is starting up, during the boot up process. You may notice on the initial start up screen, called the
POST screen, an option is available to enter the BIOS or CMOS setup. When you enter this
setup area, you are entering the CMOS setup, not the BIOS setup. The BIOS chip and program
cannot be updated directly by a user. The only way to update the BIOS is using a BIOS flash
program called a BIOS update, which updates the BIOS to a different version. These updates
usually are provided by either the motherboard manufacturer or the computer manufacturer.
The CMOS setup lets you change the time and date and settings for how devices are loaded at
start up, like hard drives, disc drives, and floppy drives. The CMOS setup lets you enable and
disable various hardware devices, including USB ports, the onboard video card and sound card
(if present), parallel and serial ports, and other devices

>> INSTALLING WIN XP IN 10 MINUTES! <<

As We all know that During Formatting a Computer After the File Copying is Completed
then windows Require 39 Minutes Time...But What Extreme In It.... Yes We can Bypass
this faking Time .... How TO DO IT??? So read On..
I have Included Snaps Shots That will help you.
STEP1 : After the Copy Part is Over ... System is Rebooted as we all know In general
Foramatting Procedure...
Now After Reboot The Below Image Will Appear...
STEP 2: Now As This Image APPEARS You Have to Press "Shift + F10 " . This Will Open
The command Prompt... Now type taskmgr in it. This will open the Task manager .
STEP 3 : After The task Manager Opens Goto Processes ... And Find "Setup.exe" process
and Right CLICK on It.... and set the Priority to Highest....
STEP 4: Now Just Watch the Set It will take around 9 minutes and 2 minutes for
Tolerance(depends System to system

Can Chat With Command Prompt THrough So Here IS A Trick.....

1) All you need is your friend's IP Address and your Command Prompt.
2) Open Notepad and write this code as it is.....!
@echo off
:A
Cls
echo MESSENGER
set /p n=User:
set /p m=Message:
net send %n% %m%
Pause
Goto A
3) Now save this as "Messenger.Bat".
4) Open Command Prompt.
5) Drag this file (.bat file) over to Command Prompt and press Enter.
6) You would then see something like this:

7) Now, type the IP Address of the computer you want to contact and press enter
You will see something like this:
8) Now all you need to do is type your message and press Enter.
Start Chatting.......!

Create Windows 10/8 Bootable USB Drive with AOMEI Partition Assistant

With time goes by, users's demand for BYOD have become more and more common. In order to
satisfy user's requirement, Microsoft has released a new feature called Windows To Go in the
Enterprise Edition of Windows 10 and Windows 8/8.1. This new feature allows users to boot
Windows 10/8/8.1 from a certified USB flash drive. In this way, users can deploy their own work
environment at any computer. Therefore, users can make Windows 10/8 bootable USB easily
with this fantastic function offered by Microsoft.
However, if you are not a user of Windows 10/8/8.1 Enterprise Edition, you aren't able to benefit
from Windows To Go. Fortunately, AOMEI Partition Assistant enables users to create a bootable
USB flash drive from Windows 10/8 ISO or ESD file even you have neither Enterprise of
Windows 10/8/8.1 nor certified USB.

Things You Need to Prepare

Before guiding you through the process of how to create a Windows 10/8 bootable USB drive,
you need to know some requirements and tips listed below:

You need to prepare a 13 GB or larger USB drive. Also, it could be external

USB hard drive or SSD.

You need to prepare a Windows 10 or Windows 8 installation disc, ISO file, or

ESD file.

Tips:

You can create a Windows 10/8 to go bootable usb on any computer installed
Windows operating system. NO need Windows 10/8 Enterprise Edition.

The larger the USB drive is, the better the result will be. Meanwhile, certified
USB 3.0 drives coming from vendors like IronKey, Kingston, Spyrus and others
are recommended.

If you have a Windows 10 or Windows 8 installation disc, you can directly

insert it in CD/DVD-ROM and then continue.

If you have a Windows 10 or Windows 8 ISO/ESD installation file, please

extract it to a proper place with WinRAR or WinZIP, or mount it as virtual drive
by using third-party ISO mounting or burning software such as DAEMON Tools
Lite.

Step by Step Guide to Install Windows 10/8 on USB Drive

Step 1: Plug the USB drive into a USB 3.0 or USB 2.0 port on the computer. Make sure that it is
detected by your machine.
Step 2: Download, install, and launch AOMEI Partition Assistant. The program will
automatically display your USB drive, and here is Disk 4. Then, click "Windows To Go
Creator" in the left side.

Step 3: In the pop-up window, click "Browse" button to select Windows 10 or Windows 8
installation file or ISO file. If the program doesnt detect it automatically, please click "Browse"
to select manually. After that, click "OK" to continue.

Step 4: Click "Proceed". The program will inform you about something important. The data on
this USB drive will be deleted and the partition on USB drive will be formatted as NTFS file
system. To back up data, free backup software, like AOMEI Backupper Standard, is
recommended. After clicking "Yes", creating Windows 10/8 bootable USB drive will begin.

When the task is completed, you can plug the Windows 10 or Windows 8 bootable USB drive
into any computer with any operating system at anywhere, enter BIOS setting, and change
the firmware boot order to USB first and save. After that, you will boot into Windows 10 or
Windows 8. By the way, AOMEI Windows To Go Creator also supports installing Windows 8.1
on USB drive.
In a word, to enjoy portable workspace, if you are Windows 10, 8 or 8.1 Enterprise Edition user,
just use built-in Windows To Go to create Windows 10/8 bootable USB drive easily; if not, you
can try AOMEI Partition Assistant. No matter which one you choose, Windows 10/8 bootable
USB makes BYOD possible

How to troubleshoot operating system problems and tools used

As a matter of fact, operating systems are not designed to utmost perfection since at times they
suffer from a number of problems. Such problems can be very inconveniencing if one are not
familiar with the troubleshooting tools. Hence one should be aware of all these techniques which
can resolve the problem so one can continue working without any problems. Below are some of
the common operating problems and their troubleshooting tools.
Common symptoms
BSOD

The blue screen of death is a Windows stop error that clearly points onto hardware malfunction
or spoilt device drivers. One may decide to start in safe mode or carry out some System Restore.

Failure to boot

Failure of one's computer to boot can be as a result of a corrupt operating system or some
possible changes in one's system's boot order. One can go to the BIOS setup and try to look at the

boot sequence. If that does not work, then one should consider reinstalling the Windows
operating system since the problem could be far much serious.

Improper shutdown

At times, one's computer may shutdown improperly due to instances of power loss or crushing.
In case of such an incidence, restarting the computer might not take one directly to Windows and
therefore one should run Windows Error Recovery which automatically checks the file system
and drives for any problems. With that, all system files are placed in their right positions and
Windows now starts without any problems.

Spontaneous shutdown/restart

This is a problem that mostly occurs in instances where one's computer keeps looping over the
start-up process where it appears to be starting and then restarts. In such a case, the first step
should be to try and establish the occurrence point of the problem either in the course of the
BIOS check where the Power on Self-test is undergoing among some other possible reasons.
Once that is established, then one can easily decide if the problem is hardware related or related
to the Windows configuration.

RAID not detected during installation

This is an error message that tends to appear when one are installing an operating system and
some of the files required are not found. In such a case, one might open the registry in safe mode
to check for the files or restart the installation process with a new installation media.

Device fails to start

Failure of one's device can be very frustrating. In most cases, it normally results from a computer
crush or some other hardware related problems. In such a case, try to carry out hardware
diagnostics so as to try and establish the problem. One can also decide to boot the computer from
a Windows installation media to try and get one's computer to restart.

Missing dll message

The missing dll message mainly appears when the dynamic link libraries are missing. This could
be as a result of using many third party applications leading to much redundancy in all the
applications. Dlls have many different versions and therefore a lack of update can lead to such a
pop-up message. Overwriting older versions with new versions can be very dangerous since
there can be some possible malfunction.

Services fail to start

At times, starting one's system might become a problem due to the fact that one can receive a
pop-up message informing one that there is a failure in the starting of one or more services. Since
it is very difficult to establish the problem, some information should be collected. One can
manually start services at the Windows services so as to see if any of them will fail.

In addition to manually starting the services, try to look at processes the services depend on since
the process may have to start so that the service can also begin running. One might also need to
install a special type of software that will manage the service, rebuilt it and reconfigure it so that
every inch of that service starts properly.

Compatibility error

The Windows operating system compatibility error mainly appears when some of the old
application versions are not working properly after a windows upgrade. In such cases, Windows
has an in-built capability that allows one to change the compatibility of the applications. One can
also choose to run the program in its compatibility mode so as to choose the most appropriate
operating system for the application. In some cases, the old and out-dated applications can also
run in a new version of Windows as long as they are in their compatibility mode.

Slow system performance

A slow system performance is a problem that can be fixed by making sure that onehas installed
the latest versions of all items running in one's computer system such as the operating system,
drivers and applications. All security patches should be up to date and all Windows updates
should functional. Slow system performance could be as a result of some in-built configurations
such as running the CPU slowly when on battery and not on power. Malicious software could
also be a cause of slow system performance hence a computer scan can be very essential.

Boots to safe mode

The safe mode boot option is one that is usually available prior to starting the operating system.
When onepresses F8, onereceives a menu of advanced options from where one can choose to
boot one's computer in safe mode. By using the safe mode boot for one's operating system, one
should be in a position to enable network drivers among some many other functions. In addition,
booting through the safe mode may not boot the desktop but takes one directly to the command
prompt rather than heading to the graphics display.

File fails to open

In a Windows operating system, all files normally have distinct file extensions such as .docs
and .ppt. A file with a specific file extension can only be opened by an application designed to
open it. Trying to open a file whose file extension is not compatible with a certain program can
result into an error message of the file failing to open.Installation of the specific application to
open specific file extensions can be a solution. In other cases, some modifications can be made
on the applications inside Windows.

Missing NTLDR

Missing NTLDR message is one that is very common on older versions of Windows such as the
Windows XP operating system. NTLDR files are very crucial and highly important boot files for
one's computer and their deletion means that one's system will not start. To deal with this, one
should start the computer with a boot disk so that one can copy back the deleted files onto the
hard drive, then carry out a system restart and the Windows operating system begins to run.

Missing Boot.ini

The missing operating system message mainly appears in instances where oneis trying to access
a drive that is configured as a boot device but with the absence of a boot loader in one's
computer. With such an error message, one may need to get into the recovery console
environment and run the check disk command to check if the OS is in one's computer. In other

case, one should only carry out updates on the Master Boot Record and everything gets right on
track.

Missing operating system

When the operating system isn't installed or it is corrupted, then this message appears and this
message indicated that one has to do something about the installation of new windows.

Missing Graphical Interface

The missing graphical interface normally results into a dark screen that appears in instances
where Windows does not start up. User interfaces and login screens are absent and therefore
there could be a problem with the video system. One should try to update the video driver or start
the system in graphics mode for lower resolution graphics so as to get to a point of loading the
new drivers.

Graphical Interface fails to load

The graphical interface probably fails to load due to the absence of the necessary graphics
drivers or a problem with the video hardware. In such a case, try updating the video drivers or
install a new version of the drivers.

Invalid boot disk

The invalid boot disk error message mainly appears when there is a problem with one's operating
system's boot order. On receiving such a message, make sure that no USB device is plugged in
since the BIOS might be configured to boot from external USB devices instead of the local drive.
In addition, one can make modifications onto the BIOS configuration so as to modify the devices
that should boot first on one's computer.

Tools
Here are the tools sued for the fixation;

Fixboot

Fixboot command is used when one want to create a new boot sector for the operating system.
By using this command, one might want to write some new booting sector in a particular

partition. When using this command, one might also require using the DISKPART command so
as to identify the part or section of the disk onewants to write the new boot sector.

Recovery console

This is a powerful troubleshooting tool that gives one the mandate to change things on the
operating system without having to start windows. It is however a very dangerous commands to
use. This is a command that gives one complete control of the operating system in such a manner
that one can make changes to it before it starts.

Fixmbr

The Fixmbr command is one that one can access from the command prompt. This is a
troubleshooting command that one should use when the need to build another Master Boot
Record arises. One can also make changes on the drive's configurations, repartitions and
reformats.

Sfc

The SFC operating system troubleshooting tool is one that one should prior to using one's system
again in case one have ever been a victim of malware infection or hard drive corruption. This is
the System File Checker command which is able to carry out integrity scans on all the system
files so as to check the validity of the operating system files. In case some malware infection
replaced or brought about some damage to one of the system files, the System File Checker will
identify it and prompt one to recover the file so as to put the appropriate one in place.

Repair disks

The system repair disk is a troubleshooting environment that is available for windows where
onereceives the option to create a system recovery option, backup and restore options. There are
many options normally available in this such as repair/start-up, system restore, image recovery
among many others. In the repair disk option, one can also launch the system recovery options
and commence all one's troubleshooting.

Pre-installation environments

The pre-installed windows environment is an option that is mainly used when going through
some recovery options or when setting up windows vista and 7. This is an environment where the
desktop is usually unavailable. One can easily come up with one's own windows pre-installation

environment. In addition, some of these PE tools can be downloaded and burnt onto a DVD
ROM hence no need to come up with one.

MSCONFIG

The MSCONFIG troubleshooting tool is an acronym for the Microsoft System Configuration
Utility. This is a troubleshooting utility that one should use in instances where one's operating
system is experiencing start-up problems, if the desktop is not loading or some possible
malfunction of some applications. With this utility, one are in a position to carry out some
diagnostic activities through which all processes are broken down so as to establish where the
problem is. This is a utility that gives one the ability to control all the boot process activities such
as enabling and disabling the loading of some applications. In addition, one can make
modifications and changes to some operating services if onedoes not want them to load when the
operating system starts.

DEFRAG

The DEFRAG tool is another important operating system troubleshooting tool. This mainly
stands for defragmentation which means putting files and folders in a proper order. Through
defragmentation, one is able to bring many split files into one location for continuous viewing.
This is a troubleshooting tool that one should use when one are encountering problems with
accessing hard drive files especially if the files are stored in different locations on the hard drive
thus making the process of reading each file a challenge. This is a process that one can set to
occur automatically using the task scheduler.

REGSRV32

The regsvr32 also known as the Microsoft Registry Server is a troubleshooting utility that tends
to alter contents of the registry. With this application, one can easily make some DLL registration
in addition to deregistration from the operating system. The Microsoft Registry Server performs
registry updates when one are troubleshooting problems related to dynamic link libraries that are
used by the Windows operating system. . Once it updates, it informs the operating system of the
DLL's location, its version among other information required by the application so as to use the
dynamic link library.

REGEDIT

With the computer registry being an important aspect of the operating system, it is one of the
most important places one should not miss when carrying out operating system troubleshooting.

This is because it is in the registry where much information concerning applications, system
configurations, services and running drivers is stored making it a very large and important
database. In the registry, there is a program known as regedit or Registry Editor where one can
gain full access to edit registry information. One can back up registry information, add keys and
also delete keys.

Event viewer

The event viewer is somewhat a special troubleshooting tool in that it is the one that enables one
to see activities that are happening simultaneously in the OS. Since it's very difficult to establish
all that's happening in the OS, the event viewer is a place where one are able to see all that's
happening in the operating system. For instance, one may have a driver that is not properly
functional and one can easily view it at the event viewer. The event viewer also keeps track of
information on activities that occurred some period ago.

Safe mode

The safe mode boot option is one that is usually available prior to starting the operating system.
When onepresses F8, onereceives a menu of advanced options from where one can choose to
boot one's computer in safe mode. By using the safe mode boot for one's operating system, one
should be in a position to enable network drivers among some many other functions. In addition,
booting through the safe mode may not boot the desktop but takes one directly to the command
prompt rather than heading to the graphics display.

Command prompt

The command prompt is considered to be one of the most powerful OS troubleshooting tools.
The command prompt is a platform that can be accessed without necessarily having to start the
operating system. In Windows XP version, one can access it from the installation media while in
Windows & and Vista one can use the system recovery options to get to the command prompt. In
the command prompt, one can make modifications to the operating system only if oneis
conversant with the modifications oneis making. It can be very dangerous to go to the command
prompt, make some alterations on operating files or even delete them and then recovering them
becomes a problem. Through the command prompt, one have complete control of the operating
system since one can replace OS files and move them around since the OS is not yet booted.

Emergency repair disk

Emergency repair disk should be carried out when there is an urgent need to carry out diagnosis
on a drive that is not properly functional. One should use the system recovery option or repair
disk option for this.

Automated system recovery

An automated system recovery can be induced by running one's computer in safe mode and then
selecting the system recovery option and the operating system moves to a specific restoration
point.

Generally, troubleshooting of operating system problems is an easy activity only when the right
troubleshooting tools are used. It is therefore important that oneis familiar with all the
troubleshooting tools.
How to Solve "The Selected Disk is of the GPT Partition Style" Problem With the
Simplest Way?

Tips: AOMEI Partition Assistant is an all-in-one and reliable MBR/GPT disk converter and
management software, Which enables you to convert disk partition style between MBR and GPT
without losing data.

When will we meet with this situation?

There are many discussions about this in PC forum. Now I take some for examples:

I'm trying to install Windows 7 on a separate 100GB partition beside my

Windows 8 partition (dual boot). The disc boots fine, but I can't select my
partition (Disk 0 part 5) because of the error: "The selected disk is of the GPT
partition style".

I tried to install Windows Server 2008 R2 on my partition. When I select the

partition, I got the error message: "Windows cannot be installed on this disk.
The selected disk is of the GPT partition style".

While trying to Wipe Windows 7 and install Windows 8 on my Zenbook, I have

encountered an annoying error message: "Windows cannot be installed to
this disk. The selected disk is of the GPT partition style". No other information
is given.

Now we see people will come to the question about "the selected disk is of the GPT partition
style" when they reinstall Windows system. Before we analyze this problem, we have to clarify
some definitions. First, we need to know that there are two partition styles: GPT and MBR.

About GPT and MBR

MBR and GPT are the format of hard disk. MBR is the abbreviation of master bootable record,
and it only supports the maximum capacity with 2TB, up to four primary partitions, or three
primary partitions plus one extended partition. Most of personal computers motherboard only
supports BIOS and it is installed with MBR, so, for many users, they always install windows
system on the MBR disk.
GPT is abbreviation of GUID partition table. It is a part of EFI, which is port between operating
system and platform firmware. GPT can make use of a very large space that is more than 2TB
limit of MBR disks. GPT disks allow an almost unlimited number of partitions. Each GPT
partition has a unique identification GUID and a partition content type. And you can have more
primary partitions. However, the Windows implementation restricts this to 128 partitions.
In terms of the description above, it seems that GPT disk is better than MBR, Unfortunately, the
seldom of computers have EFI motherboard, not even mention make use of GPT disk. In the
context of specific case, that may be the greatest of shortages in GPT disk. As mentioned above,
many people cant install windows system on GPT disk.
Why does such question happening? Based on what we analyze above, in order to boot Windows
from GPT, our motherboard should support UEFI (EFI-boot & BIOS-boot), otherwise we should
use MBR to boot from. More information please visit: http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc738081(WS.10).aspx

How to Solve This Problem with the Simplest Way?

Notice that I said "the Simplest Way". Although there are many solutions we can find from the
forum, Id like to suggest you use the simplest way: convert GPT to MBR disk.

Convert GPT to MBR with Diskpart

In some technology or computer forum, some technicians give some advice that convert GPT to
MBR with Diskpart, which is run by program code. The specific steps are following below:

Enter system installing interface by using Win 7 disc or USB hard drive boot.
and then press Shift+F10 to open the command prompt.

Input Diskpart (do not input quotation mark, the following as well), and
then press Enterto enter operating interface.

Input list disk: to check hard disk properties. Pay more attention to capacity
of hard disk to select. Usually, disk 0 is hard disk, and disk 1 is the usb dirve
where wins 7 install.

Input select disk 0: to select disk 0 as the disk that is operating.

Input clean: to clean up current hard disks partition.

Input convert mbr: to convert GPT into MBR.

Input create partition primary size = xxx: to create the size of primary
partition.

Input format fs = ntfs quickly: to format disk to NTFS quickly.

Input exit: to finish operating.

Input exit: to shut down the command prompt.

After finishing operating, shut down the command prompt and install windows system on
computer in normal way. The steps seems be concise, but the greatest shortage is that all data and
files will be clean up. If you dont have backup files in GPT disk, you will be crying and anxious
for that. And if you dont have some professional knowledge about program, this way is not
recommended.

Convert GPT to MBR with the third-party software

To some users who is a lack of computer professional knowledge, it is a good way that convert
GPT to MBR with a third-party software. Of many kinds of third-party software, AOMEI
Partition Assistant is a not bad tool to help user to convert disk. Its the greatest strengthen is to
convert disk from GPT to MBR without data loss.
How? With the help of AOMEI Partition Assistant Professional Edition, it is easy to do. Because
AOMEI Partition Assistant Professional Edition has a powerful feature named Convert GPT to
MBR or MBR to GPT. Step by Step Guide to convert GPT to MBR:
Step 1: Download, install, and launch AOMEI Partition Assistant. (see picture, below)

Step 2: Select the disk we want to convert, right click and select Convert to MBR Disk.

Click OK in the pop-up window:

Step 3: Back to the main menu, we can see the pending operations and click Apply to commit
the changes.

Wasn't this process a piece of cake? With this powerful partition converter, we can optimize our
partition easily. We can convert primary to logical partition, convert FAT/FAT 32 to NTFS,
migrate OS to SDD and so on. We can even make a portable Windows 8 by using the function of
Windows To Go Creator. Whats a powerful disk partition converter it

If we are not able to install dot net

framework 4.0 on windows 7 how to install
dotnet framework 4.0 on windows 7