Mean,

Standard Deviation,
Graph Limits
tmin
tmax

-5
5

t
-5
-4.75
-4.5
-4.25
-4
-3.75
-3.5
-3.25

x
-5
-4.75
-4.5
-4.25
-4
-3.75
-3.5
-3.25

-3
-2.75
-2.5
-2.25
-2
-1.75
-1.5
-1.25
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5

-3
-2.75
-2.5
-2.25
-2
-1.75
-1.5
-1.25
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5

0
1

Generate Random Student-t Values

=t.inv(rand(),degrees of freedom)
#NAME?

=()/

f(x)
F(x)
7.89891E-005 3.43651E-005
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?
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#NAME?

Given df = 20 and P(t > |a|) = 5%, a = 2.085

P(t > |a|) = P(t < -2.085) + P(t > 2.085) = 5%
P(t < -2.085) = 2.5% and P(t > 2.085) = 2.5%
Settings
Degrees of freedom
t1 -2.08596
t2 2.085963
x1 -2.08596
x2 2.085963
P(t>|a|)
5.00%
P(t>a)
2.50%

20
95

-2.085
2.085
5.00 %
2.50 %

Degees of freedom:
-6

Percent:

Student-t Probability Distribution

Given df = 20 and P(t > |a|) = 5%, a = 2.085
P(t > |a|) = P(t < -2.085) + P(t > 2.085) = 5%
P(t < -2.085) = 2.5% and P(t > 2.085) = 2.5%

-6

-4

-2

Mean,
Standard Deviation,
Graph Limits
tmin
tmax

t
-4
-3.8
-3.6
-3.4
-3.2
-3
-2.8
-2.6

-4
4

x
-4
-3.8
-3.6
-3.4
-3.2
-3
-2.8
-2.6

-2.4
-2.4
-2.2
-2.2
-2
-2
-1.8
-1.8
-1.6
-1.6
-1.4
-1.4
-1.2
-1.2
-1
-1
-0.8
-0.8
-0.6
-0.6
-0.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.2
1.28E-015 1.28E-015
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
1
1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
2
2
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
3
3
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.8
4
4

0
1

Generate Random Student-t Values

=t.inv(rand(),degrees of freedom)
#NAME?

=()/

F(x)
f(x)
0.000822 0.000352
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
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Given df = 20 and P(-a < t < a) = 95%, a = 2.085

P(-a < t < a) = P(-2.085 < t < 2.085) = 95%
With % confidence, the interval is (-2.085, 2.085)
Settings
Degrees of freedom
t1 -2.08596
t2 2.085963
x1 -2.08596
x2 2.085963
P(-a<t<a) 95.00%
Degrees of freedom:

Percent:

20

-2.085
2.085
95 %

Student-t Probability Distribution

Given df = 20 and P(-a < t < a) = 95%, a = 2.085
P(-a < t < a) = P(-2.085 < t < 2.085) = 95%
With % confidence, the interval is (-2.085, 2.085)

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Degrees of freedom, v
Mean,
Standard Deviation,
Graph Limits
tmin
tmax

-4
4

t
x
-4
-4
-3.8
-3.8
-3.6
-3.6
-3.4
-3.4
-3.2
-3.2
-3
-3
-2.8
-2.8
-2.6
-2.6
-2.4
-2.4
-2.2
-2.2
-2
-2
-1.8
-1.8
-1.6
-1.6
-1.4
-1.4
-1.2
-1.2
-1
-1
-0.8
-0.8
-0.6
-0.6
-0.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.2
1.28E-015 1.28E-015
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
1
1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
2
2
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
3
3
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.8
4
4

10
0
1

Generate Random Student-t Values

=t.inv(rand(),degrees of freedom)
#NAME?

=()/

f(x)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

F(x)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
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Given df = 10 and P(t > a) = 10%, a = 1.325

P(t > a) = P(t > 1.325) = 10%
With 10% on the right-hand side, the region is (1.325, infinite)
Settings
Degrees of freedom
t 1.325341
x 1.325341
P(t>a) 10.00%

Degrees of freedom:

Percent:

20

1.325
10 %

Student-t Probability Distribution

Given df = 10 and P(t > a) = 10%, a = 1.325
P(t > a) = P(t > 1.325) = 10%
With 10% on the right-hand side, the region is (1.325, infinite)

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Degrees of freedom, v
Mean,
Standard Deviation,
Graph Limits
tmin
tmax

t
-4
-3.8
-3.6
-3.4
-3.2
-3
-2.8

-4
4

x
-4
-3.8
-3.6
-3.4
-3.2
-3
-2.8

-2.6
-2.6
-2.4
-2.4
-2.2
-2.2
-2
-2
-1.8
-1.8
-1.6
-1.6
-1.4
-1.4
-1.2
-1.2
-1
-1
-0.8
-0.8
-0.6
-0.6
-0.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.2
1.28E-015 1.28E-015
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
1
1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
2
2
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
3
3
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.8
4
4

10
0
1

Generate Random Student-t Values

=t.INV(rand(),degrees of freedom)
#NAME?

=()/

F(x)
f(x)
0.000822 0.000352
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?

Given df = 10 and P(t < a) = 12%, a = -1.211

P(t < a) = P(t < -1.211) = 12%
With 12% on the left-hand side, the region is (-infinite, -1.211)

With

Settings
Degrees of freedom
t -1.21103
x -1.21103
P(t<a) 12.00%

20

-1.211
12 %

Degrees of freedom:

Percent:
-5

-4

Student-t Probability Distribution

Given df = 10 and P(t < a) = 12%, a = -1.211
P(t < a) = P(t < -1.211) = 12%
With 12% on the left-hand side, the region is (-infinite, -1.211)

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

-3

-1.4

0.2

1.8

3.4

6.6

8.2

9.8

11.4

13

Normal Distribution

Wittwer, J. W., "Graphing a Normal Distribution in Excel" From Vertex42.com, November 1, 2004
http://vertex42.com/ExcelArticles/mc/NormalDistribution-Excel.html

2004 Vertex42 LLC