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TheDisasterManagementCycle
CorinaWarfield
Disastermanagementaimstoreduce,oravoid, GoalsofDisasterManagement:
thepotentiallossesfromhazards,assure
promptandappropriateassistancetovictimsof (1)Reduce,oravoid,lossesfrom
disaster,andachieverapidandeffective
hazards
[Link]
(2)Assurepromptassistanceto
victims
illustratestheongoingprocessbywhich
governments,businesses,andcivilsocietyplan (3)Achieverapidandeffective
recovery.
forandreducetheimpactofdisasters,react
duringandimmediatelyfollowingadisaster,
[Link]
allpointsinthecycleleadtogreaterpreparedness,betterwarnings,reduced
vulnerabilityorthepreventionofdisastersduringthenextiterationofthe
[Link]
policiesandplansthateithermodifythecausesofdisastersormitigatetheir
effectsonpeople,property,andinfrastructure.
Themitigationandpreparednessphasesoccurasdisastermanagement
[Link]
considerationsplayakeyroleincontributingtothemitigationandpreparation
[Link],disaster
managementactors,inparticularhumanitarianorganizations,become
[Link]
disastermanagementphasesillustratedheredonotalways,orevengenerally,
[Link]
andthelengthofeachphasegreatlydependsontheseverityofthedisaster.
MitigationMinimizingtheeffectsofdisaster.
Examples:buildingcodesandzoningvulnerabilityanalysespublic
education.
PreparednessPlanninghowtorespond.
Examples:preparednessplansemergencyexercises/trainingwarning
systems.
ResponseEffortstominimizethehazardscreatedbyadisaster.
Examples:searchandrescueemergencyrelief.
RecoveryReturningthecommunitytonormal.
Examples:temporaryhousinggrantsmedicalcare.
SustainableDevelopment
Developmentalconsiderationscontributetoallaspectsofthedisaster
[Link],andoneof
[Link]
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itsstrongestlinkswithdevelopment,isthepromotionofsustainable
livelihoodsandtheirprotectionandrecoveryduringdisastersand
[Link],peoplehaveagreatercapacityto
[Link]
developmentorienteddisastermanagementapproach,theobjectivesareto
reducehazards,preventdisasters,[Link],
developmentalconsiderationsarestronglyrepresentedinthemitigationand
[Link]
developmentprocessescanleadtoincreasedvulnerabilitytodisastersandloss
ofpreparednessforemergencysituations.
Mitigation
Mitigationactivitiesactuallyeliminateorreducetheprobabilityofdisaster
occurrence,[Link]
measuresincludebuildingcodesvulnerabilityanalysesupdateszoningand
landusemanagementbuildinguseregulationsandsafetycodespreventive
healthcareandpubliceducation.
Mitigationwilldependontheincorporationofappropriatemeasuresin
[Link]
ontheavailabilityofinformationonhazards,emergencyrisks,andthe
[Link],andindeedthewhole
disastermanagementcycle,includestheshapingofpublicpoliciesandplans
thateithermodifythecausesofdisastersormitigatetheireffectsonpeople,
property,andinfrastructure.
Preparedness
Thegoalofemergencypreparednessprogramsistoachieveasatisfactory
levelofreadinesstorespondtoanyemergencysituationthroughprograms
thatstrengthenthetechnicalandmanagerialcapacityofgovernments,
organizations,[Link]
readinesstodealwithdisastersandcanbeenhancedbyhavingresponse
mechanismsandprocedures,rehearsals,developinglongtermandshortterm
strategies,[Link]
canalsotaketheformofensuringthatstrategicreservesoffood,equipment,
water,medicinesandotheressentialsaremaintainedincasesofnationalor
localcatastrophes.
Duringthepreparednessphase,governments,organizations,andindividuals
developplanstosavelives,minimizedisasterdamage,andenhancedisaster
[Link]
emergencyexercises/trainingwarningsystemsemergencycommunications
systemsevacuationsplansandtrainingresourceinventoriesemergency
personnel/contactlistsmutualaidagreementsandpublic
information/[Link],preparednessactions
dependontheincorporationofappropriatemeasuresinnationalandregional
[Link],theireffectivenessdependsontheavailability
ofinformationonhazards,emergencyrisksandthecountermeasurestobe
taken,andonthedegreetowhichgovernmentagencies,nongovernmental
[Link]
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organizationsandthegeneralpublicareabletomakeuseofthisinformation.
HumanitarianAction
Duringadisaster,humanitarianagenciesareoftencalledupontodealwith
[Link],these
agenciesmusthaveexperiencedleaders,trainedpersonnel,adequatetransport
andlogisticsupport,appropriatecommunications,andguidelinesforworking
[Link],the
humanitarianagencieswillnotbeabletomeettheimmediateneedsofthe
people.
Response
Theaimofemergencyresponseistoprovideimmediateassistancetomaintain
life,[Link]
assistancemayrangefromprovidingspecificbutlimitedaid,suchasassisting
refugeeswithtransport,temporaryshelter,andfood,toestablishingsemi
[Link]
[Link]
meetingthebasicneedsofthepeopleuntilmorepermanentandsustainable
[Link]
inthisphaseofthedisastermanagementcycle.
Recovery
Astheemergencyisbroughtundercontrol,theaffectedpopulationiscapable
ofundertakingagrowingnumberofactivitiesaimedatrestoringtheirlives
[Link]
immediatereliefchangesintorecoveryandthenintolongtermsustainable
[Link]
enhancepreventionandincreasepreparedness,thusreducingvulnerability.
Ideally,thereshouldbeasmoothtransitionfromrecoverytoongoing
development.
Recoveryactivitiescontinueuntilallsystemsreturntonormalorbetter.
Recoverymeasures,bothshortandlongterm,includereturningvitallife
supportsystemstominimumoperatingstandardstemporaryhousingpublic
informationhealthandsafetyeducationreconstructioncounseling
[Link]
includedatacollectionrelatedtorebuilding,anddocumentationoflessons
learned.
References
Environmentalhealthinemergenciesanddisasters:Apracticalguide.
WHO,2002.
DisasterHelp,USDepartmentofHomelandSecurity.
GreenPaperonDisasterManagement,DepartmentofProvincialand
LocalGovernment,SouthAfrica
[Link]
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Doyouhaveanysuggestionsoradditionstomakeontheaboveinformation?Pleasesendanemailto
HariSrinivasathsrinivas@[Link]
ReturntoDisasterManagement
Contact:HariSrinivashsrinivas@[Link]
[Link]
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