FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PAHANG

LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE

CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIAL

LABORATORY

COURSE CODE

ECS256

LEVEL OF OPENNESS

CATEGORY

PARTIALLY OPEN ENDED

DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED
(%)

33

PERIOD OF ACTIVITY

1 WEEK

TITLE
PREAMBLE

DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE AND

TEN PER CENT FINES VALUE
1.1 Introduction
Level 1 laboratory activity refers to condition where the problem and ways &
means are guided and given to the students. However the answers to the
assignment are left to the students to solve using the group creativity and
innovativeness. The activity is hoping to slowly introduce and inculcates
independent learning amongst students and prepare them for a much
harder task of open-ended laboratory activities.
In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the usage of the vicat
apparatus to determine the standard consistency of cement paste.

1.2 Objective
The objective of the test is:
1) To determine the aggregate crushing value
2) To determine the ten per cent fines value
.
1.3 Learning Outcomes
At the end of the laboratory activity, students would be able to:
1. Find out the ACV and TFV of given sample.
2. Analyze data correctly and present in typical format.
3. Work in a group to produce technical report.

1.4 Theoretical Background

The ACV gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to
crushing under a gradually applied compressive load. With aggregates of
ACV 30 or higher, the result may be a anomalous and in such cases the
FKA, UiTM,PAHANG

Dis 2014

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PAHANG

LABORATORY MANUAL

TFV should be determined and used instead. The standard aggregate

crushing test is made on aggregate passing a 12.5 mm Sieve and retained
on 10mm Sieve. If required, or if the standard size is not available, other
sizes up to 25 mm may be tested. But owing to the nonhomogeneety of
aggregates the result will not be comparable with those obtained in the
standard test.

The group must carry out the test following the procedures outline and

PROBLEM
STATEMENT

subsequently analyse the data and present it in a proper technical format.

WAYS & MEANS

3.1

Apparatus
1. Aggregate crushing value apparatus
2. Ten per cent fines value apparatus

3.2 Procedures
3.2.1 ACV
1.

About 6.5 kg material consisting of aggregates passing 12.5 mm

and retained on 10 mm sieve is taken.

2. The aggregate in a surface dry condition is filled into the standard
cylindrical measure in three layers approximately of equal depth.
3. Each layer is tamped 25 times with the tamping rod and finally
leveled off using the tamping rod as straight edge.
4. The weight of the sample contained in the cylinder measure is
taken.(A)
5. The same weight of the sample is taken for the subsequent repeat
test.
6. The cylinder of the test apparatus with aggregate filled in a
standard manner is put in position on the base plate and the
aggregate is carefully leveled and the plunger inserted horizontally
on this surface. The plunger should nit jam in the cylinder.
7. The test sample is placed on the compression testing machine and
is loaded uniformly up to a total load of 40 tons in 10 minutes time.
The load is then released and the whole of the material removed
from the cylinder and sieved on a 2.36 mm Sieve. The fraction
passing the sieve is weighed. (B)
4.
3.2.2 TFV
FKA, UiTM,PAHANG

Dis 2014

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PAHANG

LABORATORY MANUAL

1. The sample needs to be prepared as in ACV.

2. The apparatus, with the test sample and plunger in position is
placed in the compression testing machine.
3. The load is applied at a uniform rate so as to cause a total
penetration of the plunger in 10 minutes of about:
15mm for rounded or partially rounded aggregates,20 mm for
normal crushed aggregates and 24 mm for honeycombed
aggregates.
4. After reaching the max penetration, the load is released and the
whole of the material removed from the cylinder and sieved on a
2.36mm Sieve.
5. The fines passing the sieve are weighed and the weight is
expressed as a percentage of the weight of the test sample. This
percentage would fall within the range 7.5 to 12.6.
6. Repeat the test to 3 times.

3.2

Data Acquisition

All data collected from the tests may be calculated as below:

1. The ACV = B/A X100;
B= weight of fraction passing 2.36 mm sieve
A= weight of surface dry sample taken in mould
2. The TFV = (14 X A)/ (B +4)
A= load in tons, causing 7.5 to 12.5 per cent fines.
B= mean percentage fines from three test at A tons load.

4.0 Results, Analysis and Conclusion

The group is required to submit the technical report of the laboratory results
RESULTS

highlighting the ACV and TFV.

The format of the report is left to the creativity and discretion of the group.
The report must be submitted 7 days after the completion of the test.

FKA, UiTM,PAHANG

Dis 2014

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PAHANG

FKA, UiTM,PAHANG

LABORATORY MANUAL

Dis 2014