Acid-Base balance

The hydrogen ions are released free single proton of the hydrogen atom .
Molecules that contain hydrogen atoms which can release ions in the solution are
known as acid , while that can accept hydrogen ions called bases. The concentration
of hydrogen ions expressed by pH , when the low is called acidosis and high when
called alkalosis . Mechanisms to prevent acidosis or alkalois performed by a system
specific regulator , namely :
1. System buffer ( buffer ) acid-base that is soon joined by any acid or base is
then prevent any change to excessive concentration of hydrogen ions ,
2. Then , if the hydrogen ion concentration is changed, then the respiratory
center will be stimulated to change the speed of ventilation of the lungs,
resulting in a change of pace expenditure carbon dioxide from body fluids will
cause the hydrogen ion concentration back to normal .
3. causes the kidneys excrete urine is acidic or alkaline , which helps the
hydrogen ion concentration of extracellular fluids of the body back to normal .
Buffer system can work can work in a fraction of a second to prevent changes
in hydrogen ion concentration is excessive. In contrast, the respiratory system takes
1-3 minutes to readjust the hydrogen ion concentration after the occurrence of a
sudden change. Then, kidney which is a component of acid-base regulator
strongest, may take several hours to more than 24 hours to readjust the ion
concentration
Strong acid is an acid that berdosiasi quickly and especially to release a large
number of H + ions in solution, while the weak acid memeiliki a slight tendency for
ion- mendisosiasikan so less strong ionic release of H +. Strong base is a base that
react quickly and strongly with H +. and quickly removes H + from solution. Typical
weak bases are HCO3-, because HCO3- bind to H + is weaker than OH-.
Most acids in extracellular fluid associated with normal acid-base regulation are
weak acids and bases.
Acid -base balance in the body will interact with each other through the cell
membrane and capillary membrane , as well as the interaction of the three body
compartments . CO2 diffusion through the membrane very easily and quickly so
that any changes in pCO2 will be quickly resolved by changes in ventilation .
Consequences far is :
1. Consequences of H + in all body fluid compartments easily changed or
adjusted .
2. Changes to pCO2 will not cause differences in the concentration of H + of
each compartment .
The most abundant protein in the intracellular and plasma . Albumin as large
molecular unable to pass through the membrane except in certain circumstances ,
such as leaks or damage to the membrane . Based on this, then any change in the
concentration of H + across the membrane is clearly not derived from the
movement of the protein

Reference : http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/1911