Additional LET

Geography Hall of Fame
Largest Continent:
Asia, 17,212,000 square miles
Smallest Continent:
Australia, 3,132,000 square miles
Highest Mountain:
Mount Everest, Himalayan Mountains, Nepal-Tibet, 29,035 feet above

sea level
Lowest Point on
Land:
The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, water surface 1,349 feet below sea level
Deepest Underwater
Trench:
Mariana Trench, 200 miles southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean,

36,198 feet below the ocean surface
Largest Sea:
The Mediterranean Sea, 1,144,800 square miles
Highest Lake:
The highest navigable lake is Lake Titicaca in Peru, 12,500 feet above
sea level
Lowest Lake:
The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, surface of water 1,349 feet below sea
level
Largest Lake:
Caspian Sea, 152,239 square miles
Largest Freshwater
Lake:
Lake Superior, U.S.-Canada, 31,820 square miles
Deepest Ocean:
Pacific Ocean, average depth 13,215 feet
Largest Ocean:
Pacific Ocean, 60,060,700 square miles
Smallest Ocean:
Arctic Ocean, 5,427,000 square miles
Largest Gulf:
Gulf of Mexico, 615,000 square miles
Largest Bay:
The Bay of Bengal, 1,300,000 square miles
Largest Island:
Greenland, 839,999 square miles
Largest Peninsula:
Arabia, 1,250,000 square miles
Largest Archipelago:
Indonesia, 3,500-mile stretch of 17,000 islands
Largest Gorge:
Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona, U.S., 217 miles long, 418
miles wide, 1 mile deep
Deepest Gorge:
Hells Canyon, Snake River, Idaho, 7,900 feet deep
Longest Mountain
Range:
The Andes of South America, 5,000 miles
Longest River:
The Nile, Africa, 4,180 miles
Shortest River:
The Roe, Montana, U.S., 200 feet long
Largest River:
The Amazon, South America, basin of 2,500,000 square miles
Longest Estuary:
Ob River, Russia, 550 miles long, up to 50 miles wide
Largest Lagoon:
Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil, 150 miles long, 4,500 square miles
Largest Waterfall:
Angel Falls, Venezuela, 3,212 feet high
Filipino Writers
(pseudonyms / pen names)
311
Antonio K. Abad
Akasia
Jose Abreu
Kaibigan
Macario Adriatico
Amaori, C. Amabri and Felipe Malayo
Faustino Aguilar
Sinag-Ina
Emilio Aguinaldo
Magdalo
Virgilio Almario
Rio Alma
Pascual Alvarez
Bagongbuhay
Aurelio Alvero
Magtanggul Asa
Cecilio Apostol
Catulo, Calipso and Calypso
Francisco Arcellana
Franz Arcellana
Pedro de Govantes de Azcarraga

Conde de Albay
Francisco dela Cruz Balagtas

Francisco Baltazar
Asuncion Lopez Bantug (Rizals grand niece)

Apo ni Dimas
Jose Ma. Basa

Isaac Fernando delos Rios
Bautista
Ba Basiong
Gen. Vito Belarmino

Blind Veteran
Andres Bonifacio
Agapito Bagumbayan, while his inspiring Katipunan name was Maypagasa
Felipe Calderon
Simoun and Elias (names from Rizals novels)
Jos Corazn de Jess

Huseng Batute
Jose dela Cruz

Huseng Sisiw
Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Plaridel, Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat,Siling
Labuyo, Kupang, Haitalaga, Patos,Carmelo, D.A. Murgas, L.O. Crame D.M.
Calero, Hilario, and M. Dati.
Severino de las Alas

Di-kilala
Epifanio delos Santos

G. Solon
Valeriano Hernandez Pea

Ahas na Tulog, Anong, Damulag, Dating Alba, Isang
Dukha, Kalampag and Kintin Kulirat
Severino Reyes
Lola Basyang
Mariano del Rosario

Tito-Tato
Salvador Vivencio del Rosario

X and Juan Tagalo
Domingo Gomez
Romero Franco
Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez

N.V.M. Gonzalez
Fernando Ma. Guerrero

Fluvio Gil
Amado Hernandez
Amante Ernani, Herininia de la Riva andJulio Abril
Emilio Jacinto
Dimas-ilaw and his Katipunan name wasPingkian
Nick Joaquin
Quijano de Manila
Jesus Lava
B. Ambrosio Rianzares
Sixto Lopez
Batulaw
Gen. Antonio Luna

Taga-Ilog
Juan Luna
J.B. and Buan (a translation of his surname Luna which means moon)
Apolinario Mabini
Bini and Paralitico
Jose Palma
Ana-haw, Esteban Estebanes and Gan Hantik
Rafael Palma
Hapon and Dapit-Hapon
Jose Maria Panganiban

Jomapa and J.M.P.
Pascual H. Poblete
Anak-Bayan
Mariano Ponce
Naning, Tikbalang, and Kalipulako
Dr. Jos Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

Jos Rizal, Dimas-alang (Tagalog for Touch me not), Laong-Laan (which
means Ever-prepared), Agno and Calambeo
Hugo Salazar
Ambut
Moises Salvador
Araw
Jose Turiano Santiago

Tiktik
Lope K. Santos
Anak-Bayan and Doctor Lukas
Juan Crisostomo Soto
Crissot
Luis Taruc
Alipato (which means spark that spreads a fire and one of Rizals pet dogs)
Jose Ma. Sison

Amado Guerrero
Dr. Pio Valenzuela

Madlang-Away
Clemente Jose Zulueta

M. Kaun
J. Zulueta
Juan Toto
Presidents of the Philippines: Their

Achievements and Contributions
Updated on March 11, 2015
Since independence in 1898 and the ratification of the Philippine Constitution in the First Republic,
there have been 15 presidents. Starting with General Emilio Aguinaldo all the way to current
president Benigno Aquino, this article details each president's particular contributions and
achievements while in office.
1. Emilio Aguinaldo 1899-1901
One way to remember the first president of the Philippines First Republic is to look at the five peso
coin. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's face used to grace the five peso bill (which is not used anymore). The
back of the bill shows him holding the Philippine flag at the celebration of the Philippine
Independence Day.
Contributions and Achievements:
first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolo Republic)
signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and Philippine
revolutionaries
known as the President of the Revolutionary Government
led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-Philippine War
youngest president, taking office at age 28
longest-lived president, passing away at 94
2. Manuel L. Quezon, 1935-1944
After 34 years of Insular Government under American rule, Philippine voters elected Manuel Luis
Quezon first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He is known as the Father of
National Language (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa). He died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New
York.
first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines
first president elected through a national election
first president under the Commonwealth
created National Council of Education
initiated womens suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth
approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines
appears on the twenty-peso bill
a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are named after him
his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle
3. Jos P. Laurel, 1943-1945
Jos P. Laurel's presidency is controversial. He was officially the government's caretaker during the
Japanese occupation of World War II. Criticized as a traitor by some, his indictment for treason was
superseded later by an amnesty proclamation in 1948.
since the early 1960s, Laurel considered a legitimate president of the Philippines
organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or Association for

Service to the New Philippines), a provisional government during Japanese occupation
declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in 1944
with his family, established the Lyceum of the Philippines
4. Sergio Osmea, 1944-1946
Sergio Osmea was the second president of the Commonwealth. During his presidency, the
Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund.
became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold office
first Visayan to become president
joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of
Philippine freedom after Japanese occupation
Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary
Fund during his presidency
Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his presidency
appears on the 50-peso bill
5. Manuel Roxas, 1946-1948
Manuel Roxas was the fifth president of the Philippines: the third (and last) president under the
Commonwealth, and the first president of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He held office for
only one year, 10 months, and 18 days.
inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II
reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his presidency
under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted
by Congress
appears on the 100-peso bill
6. Elpidio Quirino, 1948-1953
Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino
became president.
Hukbalahap guerrilla movement active during his presidency
created Social Security Commission
created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption
Quezon City became capital of the Philippines in 1948
7. Ramon Magsaysay, 1953-1957
Ramon Magsaysay was born in Iba, Zambales. He was a military governor and an engineer. He died
in an aircraft disaster while boarding the presidential plane.
Hukbalahap movement quelled during his presidency
chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla Affairs
first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog during inauguration
presidency referred to as the Philippines' "Golden Years" for its lack of corruption
Philippines was ranked second in Asias clean and well-governed countries during his
presidency
established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among other

agrarian reforms
8. Carlos P. Garcia, 1957-1961
A lawyer, poet, and teacher, Carlos P. Garcia also served as a guerrilla leader during the Pacific War.
Born in Bohol, Garcia serviced as vice president under Ramon Magsaysay and as secretary of
Foreign Affairs for four years. He became president when Magsaysay died in 1957.
known for Filipino First Policy, which favored Filipino businesses over foreign investors
established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce
known as the Prince of Visayan Poets and the Bard from Bohol
cultural arts was revived during his term
was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
9. Diosdado Macapagal, 1961-1965
Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal was a lawyer and professor. His daughter Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, and second female, president of the Philippines.
established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase of private farmland to be
distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the landless
placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market
declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines Independence Day
signed the Minimum Wage Law
created the Philippine Veterans Bank
10. Ferdinand Marcos, 1965-1886
Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate President for three
years. He was president for 21 years. He ruled under martial law and his dictatorship was known for
its corruption and brutality. Marcos was removed from office after the People Power Revolution.
first president to win a second term
declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972
increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces
by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times greater than 1972
by 1986 the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia
built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other infrastructure than all former
presidents combined
the only president whose remains are interred inside a refrigerated crypt
11. Corazon Aquino, 1986-1992
The first woman president of the Philippines and the first woman to become president of an Asian
country, Corazon Aquino was born in Paniqui, Tarlac. She was a prominent figure in the People
Power Revolution that brought down Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship. Her husband, Benigno Aquino
Jr., was a senator during the Marcos regime and its strongest critic. He was assassinated while
Marcos was still in power.
first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian country
restored democracy
abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the new Constitution of the
Philippines
reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government
signed the Family Code of 1987, a major civil law reform, and 1191 Local Government Code,
which reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government
initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy
named Woman of the Year in 1986 by Time magazine
on the new 500-peso bill together with her husband Benigno Aquino
Received honors and awards including:
100 Women Who Shaped World History
20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century
65 Great Asian Heroes
J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding
12. Fidel V. Ramos, 1992-1998
Fidel V. Ramos was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines before he became
president. He was also a civil engineer. As president, he restored economic growth and stability in
the country, even during the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. He is the first, and so far the only, nonCatholic president of the Philippines.
oversaw Philippine economic growth
presided over celebrations of Philippine Independence Centennial in 1998
received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand
Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George)
hosted the fourth Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Leader's Summit in the Philippines in
1996
Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during his presidency
death penalty reinstated while he was in office
signed peace agreement with the rebel Moro National Liberation Front
13. Joseph Estrada, 1998-2001
Known as Erap, Joseph Estrada was the first president who had been a famous film actor. His
presidency was controversial. During his years in office economic growth was slow and he faced
impeachment proceedings. He was ousted from the presidency in 2001. He was later convicted of
stealing from the government but was pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010.
during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and camps were captured
joined other leaders and politicians to try to amend the 1987 Constitution
cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989
among the Magnificent 12 who voted to terminate the agreement that allows for U.S.
control of Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base
14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001-2010
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, president of the Philippines (and the second female
president). The Oakwood Mutiny occurred during her term. Arroyo oversaw road and infrastructure
improvements and higher economic growth that presidents before her, but there was also
controversy. The so-called "Hello Garci" controversy involved recordings that allegedly captured
Arroyo ordering the rigging of the election that put her in office. In 2005 Arroyo faced impeachment
proceedings related to the recordings but the impeachment failed. After she had left office Arroyo
faced additional charges of election fraud and misuse of state funds.
second female president of the country
first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far
first president to take oath outside Luzon
former Economics professor at the Ateneo de Manila University, where current president
Benigno Aquino III was one of her students
ex-classmate of former U.S. President Bill Clinton at Georgetown Universitys Walsh School
of Foreign Service, where she maintained Deans list status
oversaw higher economic growth than the past three presidents before her
peso became the best-performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007
eVAT Law was implemented under her term
currently on the 200-peso bill
15. Benigno Aquino III, 2010-present
Benigno Aquino III joined the House of Representatives and the Senate before his presidency. He is
the first president who is a bachelor; he is unmarried and has no children.
created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy
appointed statesman Jesse Robredo to serve as secretary of Interior and Local Government
in 2010, where Robredo served until his death in 2012
initiated K-12 education in the Philippines
renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to Presidential Communications Operations Office
and appointed new officers
suspended allowances and bonuses to Government Owed and Controlled Corporation and
Government Financial Institution board members
oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012
There are 18 regions of The Philippines as of May 2015

17 regions as of June 2009
Added an extra region in 2015: read about it
A "Region" is not a Constitutional form of government and is used only for administrative management or
statistics reference by the Executive branch.
National Capital Region (NCR)
Code: 130000000
No. of Provinces 0
No. of Cities 17
1.
Caloocan City, Philippines
2.
Las Pias City, Philippines
3.
Makati City, Philippines
4.
Malabon City, Philippines
5.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines
6.
Manila City, Philippines
7.
Marikina City, Philippines
8.
Muntinlupa City, Philippines
9.
Navotas City, Philippines
10.
Paraaque City, Philippines
11.
Pasay City, Philippines
12.
Pasig City, Philippines
13.
Pateros City, Philippines
14.
Quezon City, Philippines
15.
San Juan City, Philippines
16.
Taguig City, Philippines
17.
Valenzuela City, Philippines
No. of Barangays 1,695
Registered Voters (2009): 5,999,706
Population (as of Aug 1, 2007): 11,553,427
Luzon REGION I (Ilocos Region)

Code: 010000000
No. of Provinces 4
1. Ilocos Norte Province, Philippines
2. Ilocos Sur Province, Philippines
3. La Union Province, Philippines
4. Pangasinan Province, Philippines
No. of Cities 9 No. of Municipalities 116 No. of Barangays 3,265
Luzon REGION II (Cagayan Valley)

Code: 020000000
No. of Provinces 5
1. Batanes Province, Philippines
2. Cagayan Province, Philippines
3. Isabela Province, Philippines
4. Nueva Vizcaya Province, Philippines
5. Quirino Province, Philippines
Luzon REGION III (Central Luzon)

Code: 030000000
No. of Provinces 7
1. Aurora Province, Philippines
2. Bataan Province, Philippines
3. Bulacan Province, Philippines
4. Nueva Ecija Province, Philippines
5. Pampanga Province, Philippines
6. Tarlac Province, Philippines
7. Zambales Province, Philippines
Luzon REGION IV-A (CALABARZON)

Code: 040000000
No. of Provinces 5
1. Batangas Province, Philippines
2. Cavite Province, Philippines
3. Laguna Province, Philippines
4. Quezon Province, Philippines
5. Rizal Province, Philippines
REGION IV-B (MIMAROPA)

Code: 170000000
No. of Provinces 5
1. Marinduque Province, Philippines
2. Mindoro Occidental Province, Philippines
3. Mindoro Oriental Province, Philippines
4. Palawan Province, Philippines
5. Romblon Province, Philippines
REGION V (Bicol Region)

Code: 050000000
No. of Provinces 6
1. Albay Province, Philippines
2. Camarines Norte Province, Philippines
3. Camarines Sur Province, Philippines
4. Catanduanes Province, Philippines
5. Masbate Province, Philippines
6. Sorsogon Province, Philippines
REGION VI (Western Visayas)

Code: 060000000
No. of Provinces 6
1. Aklan Province, Philippines

2. Antique Province, Philippines
3. Capiz Province, Philippines
4. Iloilo Province, Philippines
5. Negros Occidental Province, Philippines
6. Guimaras Province, Philippines
REGION VII (Central Visayas)

Code: 070000000
No. of Provinces 4
1. Bohol Province, Philippines
2. Cebu Province, Philippines
3. Negros Oriental Province, Philippines
4. Siquijor Province, Philippines
REGION VIII (Eastern Visayas)

Code: 080000000
No. of Provinces 6
1. Eastern Samar Province, Philippines
2. Leyte Province, Philippines
3. Northern Samar Province, Philippines
4. Western Samar Province, Philippines

5. Southern Leyte Province, Philippines
6. Biliran Province, Philippines
REGION IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)

Code: 090000000
No. of Provinces 3
1. Zamboanga del Norte Province, Philippines
2. Zamboanga Sibugay Province, Philippines
3. Zamboanga del Sur Province, Philippines
Two Independent Cities:
1. Isabela City, province of Basilan, Philippines
2. Zamboanga City, Philippines
REGION X (Northern Mindanao)

Code: 100000000
No. of Provinces 5
1. Bukidnon Province, Philippines: Cities within the province of Bukidnon
2. Camiguin Province, Philippines
3. Lanao del Norte Province, Philippines
4. Misamis Occidental Province, Philippines
5. Misamis Oriental Province, Philippines

REGION XI (Davao Region)

Code: 110000000
No. of Provinces 4 and 1 independent city
1. Compostela Valley Province, Philippines
2. Davao del Norte Province, Philippines
3. Davao Occidental, Philippines
4. Davao Oriental Province, Philippines
5. Davao del Sur Province, Philippines
6. Davao_City,_Philippines
REGION XII (Soccsksargen)

Code: 120000000
No. of Provinces 4 and 1 independent City
1. Cotabato Province, Philippines
2. South Cotabato Province, Philippines
3. Sultan Kudarat Province, Philippines
4. Sarangani Province, Philippines
5. Cotabato City, Philippines

REGION XIII (CARAGA)

Code: 160000000
No. of Provinces 5
1. Agusan del Norte Province, Philippines
2. Agusan del Sur Province, Philippines
3. Surigao del Norte Province, Philippines
4. Surigao del Sur Province, Philippines
5. Dinagat Island Province, Philippines
Luzon REGION XIV Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)

Code: 140000000
No. of Provinces 6
1. Abra Province, Philippines
2. Apayao Province, Philippines
3. Benguet Province, Philippines
4. Ifugao Province, Philippines
5. Kalinga-Apayao Province, Philippines
6. Mountain Province, Philippines
Registered Voters (2009): 840,145
REGION XV - Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

Code: 150000000
No. of Provinces 5
1. Basilan Province, Philippines - Included in 2001 except for the city of Isabela which is part of Region IX
1. Lamitan City, Basilan, Philippines
2. Lanao del Sur Province, Philippines
1. Marawi City - included in 2001
3. Maguindanao Province, Philippines
4. Sulu Province, Philippines
5. Tawi-Tawi Province, Philippines
Region XVIII - NIR - Negros Island Region

Code: 180000000 No. of Provinces 2
1. Negros Occidental Province, Philippines
1st Class
19 Municipalities, 13 Cities, 662 Barangays
Reg Voters: 1,478,260
Population as of 2010(census): 2,396,039
2. Negros Oriental Province, Philippines
1st Class
19 Municipalities, 6 Cities, 557 Barangays)
Reg Voters: 606,634
Population as of 2010(census): 1,286,666

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Geography Hall of Fame

Asia, 17,212,000 square miles

Australia, 3,132,000 square miles

Mount Everest, Himalayan Mountains, Nepal-Tibet, 29,035 feet above

Mariana Trench, 200 miles southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean,

The Mediterranean Sea, 1,144,800 square miles

Caspian Sea, 152,239 square miles

Lake Superior, U.S.-Canada, 31,820 square miles

Pacific Ocean, average depth 13,215 feet

Pacific Ocean, 60,060,700 square miles

Arctic Ocean, 5,427,000 square miles

Gulf of Mexico, 615,000 square miles

The Bay of Bengal, 1,300,000 square miles

Greenland, 839,999 square miles

Arabia, 1,250,000 square miles

Indonesia, 3,500-mile stretch of 17,000 islands

Hells Canyon, Snake River, Idaho, 7,900 feet deep

The Andes of South America, 5,000 miles

The Nile, Africa, 4,180 miles

The Roe, Montana, U.S., 200 feet long

The Amazon, South America, basin of 2,500,000 square miles

Ob River, Russia, 550 miles long, up to 50 miles wide

Angel Falls, Venezuela, 3,212 feet high

Amaori, C. Amabri and Felipe Malayo

Pedro de Govantes de Azcarraga

Francisco dela Cruz Balagtas

Asuncion Lopez Bantug (Rizals grand niece)

Jose Ma. Basa

Gen. Vito Belarmino

Jos Corazn de Jess

Jose dela Cruz

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Severino de las Alas

Epifanio delos Santos

Valeriano Hernandez Pea

Mariano del Rosario

Salvador Vivencio del Rosario

Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez

Fernando Ma. Guerrero

Gen. Antonio Luna

Hapon and Dapit-Hapon

Jose Maria Panganiban

Dr. Jos Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

Jose Turiano Santiago

Juan Crisostomo Soto

Jose Ma. Sison

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

Clemente Jose Zulueta

Presidents of the Philippines: Their

1. Emilio Aguinaldo 1899-1901

first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolo Republic)

known as the President of the Revolutionary Government

youngest president, taking office at age 28

longest-lived president, passing away at 94

2. Manuel L. Quezon, 1935-1944

first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines

first president elected through a national election

first president under the Commonwealth

created National Council of Education

initiated womens suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth

approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines

appears on the twenty-peso bill

3. Jos P. Laurel, 1943-1945

organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or Association for