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(b) How has MB reacted to the changing world market for luxury automobiles?
Students should identify the following changes implemented by management at
Mercedes; try to get them to explain how different these approaches were from
traditional strategies at Mercedes:
many new product introductions;
partnering with suppliers;
reduced parts and system complexity;
new emphasis on cost control;
layers of management reduced;
lead time from concept to introduction reduced.
(c) Using Coopers cost, quality, functionality chart, discuss the factors on which
MB competes with other automobile producers such as Jeep, Ford, and GM. (If
the instructor wishes to give a brief mini-lecture on Robin Coopers survival
triplet and confrontation strategy,1 this is a good point in the case discussion to
do so.) The factors are:
priceat mid to upper range of zone;
qualityat upper range of zone;
functionalityat upper range of zone.
An interesting point to discuss is that Mercedes does not produce the most
expensive sports utility vehicle. This distinction is reserved for the Land Rover;
however, they strategically placed themselves toward the luxury end of the
spectrum. Also, unlike many Japanese examples, Mercedes does not use target
costing as a strict cost control mechanism to produce the lowest priced product
in its class.
Robin Cooper, When Lean Enterprises Collide, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1995.
(d) How does the AAV project link with MB strategy in terms of market coverage?
The new introductions expand the product line of the traditionally luxuryoriented manufacturer. Recent product introductions include the following:
A Class;
C Class;
SLK;
E Class;
M Class.
These new introductions include new sports cars and off-road vehicles. The C
Class is a mid-sized vehicle sometimes referred to as the baby-Benz.
Lets discuss the elements of the target costing model and how these
elements are developed.
At this point in the discussion I usually write the target costing formula on
the board and ask students to consider sources of various inputs:
target selling price;
target profit margin;
target cost.
What are the sources of input for the projected target selling price?
Students will most likely identify the following sources of information:
customer focus groups;
comparable products:
existing,
potential.
Stress the broad, cross-functional aspects of acquiring consumer
information. To compare products, the company had to evaluate existing
competitive vehicles as well as vehicles under development.
What factors are considered when developing the required target profit
margin?
This question provides a link to finance classes. Most students have studied
the concepts of weighted-average cost of capital. I recommend spending a
few minutes reviewing these concepts and linking cost of capital to net
present value (NPV) analysis. Because of the capital-intensive structure of
automobile manufacturing, production volume is a critical factor in
determining each models NPV. Students may identify the following points
for determining a required target profit margin.
long-run profitability;
cost of capital;
The MB case suggests the target cost is alive. Is this consistent with the
ideals of target costing?
I generally emphasize that Mercedes did not consider the target cost to be
locked in. It was a moving target. As engineering changes became
necessary, the target cost was allowed to move. However, before making a
change, market forces were considered. For example, changes included the
addition of side airbags. In addition, the European press was critical of a
simulated wood-grain part. Management decided the part would remain
plastic because costs could not be passed on to the consumer. The main
point to emphasize is the design of the vehicle is dynamic, thus costs must
evolve to reflect the changing design characteristics.
(e) Explain the process of developing an importance index for a function group or
component. How can such an index guide managers in making cost reduction
decisions?
The index development process has five steps, as follows: