CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION
ROAD AND HIGHWAY INDUSTRY
India has a road network of over 4,689,842 kilometers (2,914,133) in 2013, the
second largest road network in the world. At 0.66 Km of road per square kilometer of
land, the quantitative density of Indias road network is similar to that of the United
States (0.65) and far higher than that of China (0.16) or Brazil (0.20). However,
qualitatively Indias roads are a mix of modern highways and nawwor, unpaved roads,
and are being improved. As of 2011, 54 percent- about 2.53 million kilometers of
Indian road were paved.
History:The Ruling emperors and monarchs of ancient India had constructed numerous brick
roads in the cities. One of the most famous highways of medieval India was the Grand
Trunk Road. The Grand trunk road built by sheer sure 1540 to 1545, began in
Sonargaon near Dhaka in Bangladesh and ended at Peshawar in modern-day Pakistan.
In India, it linked several important cities from Kolkata in the east to Amritsar in the
west, while passing through the cities of Patna, Varanasi, Kanpur, Agra, Delhi,
Panipat, Pilli, Tambala, Raipur, Ludhiana, and Jalandhar
Overview:Road transport is vital to Indias economy. It enables the countrys transportation
sector to contributed 4.7 Percent towards Indias gross domestic product, in
comparison to railway that contributed 1 percent, in 2009-2010. Road transport has
not gained in importance over the years despite significant barriers and inefficiencies
in inter- state freight and passenger movement compared to railways and air. The
government of India considers road network as critical to the countrys development,
social integration and security needs of the country.
Expressways:Expressways make up approximately 1,208 km of Indias roadwork, as of 2013.
These high-speed roads are four-lane or predominantly access controlled

National highways:The main highways running through the length and breadth of the country connecting
major ports, stats capital large industrial and tourist centers Etc. National highways in
India are designated as NH followed by the highway number Indian national
highways are further classified based on the width of carriageways of the highway.
The national Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is the authority responsible for the
development, maintenance and management of National Highways entrusted to it.
The NHAI is undertaking the development activities under National Highways
Development project in 5 phases. The NHAI is also responsible for implementing
other projects on National Highways, primarily road connectivity to major ports in
India.
State highways:The state Highways provide linkages with the National Highways, district
headquarters, important towns, tourist centers and minor ports and carry the traffic
along major centers within the state. These arterial routes provide connectivity to
important towns and cities within the state National Highways or State Highways of
the neighboring states. Their total length is about 137,712 km.
Rural and urban roads:These are important roads within a district connecting areas of production with
markets and connecting these with each other or with the State Highways & National
Highways. It also connects Taluka headquarters and rural areas to District
headquarters within the state.
The rural roads in India from a substantial portion of the Indian road network. These
roads are in poor shape, affecting the rural populations quality of life and Indian
farmers ability to transfer produce to market post-harvest. Over 30 percent of Indian
farmers harvest spoils post-harvest because of the poor infrastructure. Many rural
roads are of poor quality, potholed, and unable to withstand the loads of heavy farm
equipment. These roads are also far from all season, good quality 2-lane highways,
making economic resource flow slow, and logistical costs between different parts of
India one of highest in the world. Indias road network carries over 65 percent of its
fright and about 85 percent of passenger traffic.
2

CHAPTER II
SWOT AND PEST ANALYSIS
Strengths
Employment and training opportunities in the field of construction.
Private sector housing boom and commercial building demand construction of
the multi building projects on the feasible locations in the country.
Good structured national network facilitates the boom of construction industry.
Low cost well- educated and skilled labor force is now widely available across
the country.
Sufficient availability of raw material and natural resources in the country is
supportive for the industry.
Real estate development is on high and it is attracting the focus of the industry
towards construction.
Weakness
Distance between construction projects reduces business efficiency.
Training itself has become a challenge.
Changing skills requirement and an ageing workforce may emphasize the
skills gap.
Improvement in long-term career prospects is highly required to encourage
staff retention and new entrants.
External allocation of large contracts becomes difficult.
Lack of clearly defined processes and procedures for construction and its
management.
Huge amount of money needs to be invested in this industry.

Opportunities
Continuous private sector housing boom will create more construction
opportunities.

 Public sector projects through public private partnerships will bring further
opportunities.
Developing supply chain through involvement in large projects is likely to
enhance the chances in construction.
Renewable energy projects will offer opportunities to develop skills and
capacity in new markets.
More flexible training delivery techniques are now available.
Financial supports like loan and insurance and growth in income of people is
in support of construction industry.
Threats
Long term market instability and uncertainty may damage the opportunities
and prevent the expansion of training and development facilities.
Current economic situation may have an adverse impact on construction
industry.
Political and security conditions in the region and late legislative enforcement
measures are always threats to any industry in India.
Infrastructure safety is a challenging task in construction industry.
Lack of political willingness and support on promoting new strategies.
Natural abnormal casualties such as earth quake and floods are uncertain and
can prevent the construction boom.
Inefficient accessibility in planning and concerning the infrastructure.
Competitors are emerging in the industry by leaps and bounds.

PEST ANALYSIS
Political factors
State regulation of the public transport sector present many limitations
Possible negative impact of the public transport industry
Economic factors
4

 Petrol prices have on average been increasing and they are likely to grow until
the petrol run out.
Possible positive impact on the public transport industry
Consumer confidence has decreased as a result of the economic down turn and
people are seeking saving in their everyday life
Possible positive impact on the public transport industry.
Increase in the average disposable income of both families and individuals
indicates that more people can afford to buy and use a private car.
Possible negative impact on the transport industry.
Increase in number of people who own private cars.
Possible negative impact on the public transport industry.
Social factors
Growing population and number of visitors/tourists/immigrants imply
increasing demand for transport services.
Possible positive impact on the public transport industry.
Ageing of population partially caused by the baby boomer generation
entering the retirement stage will significantly influence the new trends as
transports an important means for elderly people to maintain mobility and
social contact ( House of representatives standing committee on health and
ageing 2055)
Possible positive impact on the public transport industry
Greater focus on environmental issues and sustainable development puts
environmentally friendly electric trains in an advantageous position
Possible positive impact on the public transport industry

Technological factors
Rapid development in communication and computer technologies, e.g
increasing use of video conferencing tele- working and the internet enables
people to work from home and not have to commute to the office (Australian
telework advisory committee(ATAC),2005)
Possible negative impact on the public transport industry.

CHAPTER - III
ANALYSIS FIVE COMPANIES

L & T COMPANY
GMR COMPANY
GVK COMPANY
HCC COMPANY
RELIANCE COMPANY

1. L&T COMPANY
6

Larsen & Toubro Limited also known as L & T is an Indian multinational

conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, it was founded by
Danish engineers taking refuge in India as well as an Indian financing partner. The
company has business interest in engineering, construction, manufacturing goods,
information technology, and financial services, and also has an office in the Middle
East and other parts of Asia.
L & T is Indias largest engineering and construction company considered to be the
bellwether largest engineering & construction sector, L & T was recognized as the
company of the year in economic times 2010 awards
History:A Company was founded in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1938 by two Danish engineers,
Henning Holck-Larsen and Soren Kristina Toubro. The company began as a
representative of Danish manufacturers of dairy equipment. However, with the start of
the second world war in 1939 and the resulting restriction on imports, the partners
started a small workshop to undertake jobs and provide service facilities
Germanys invasion of Denmark in 1940 stopped supplies of Danish product. The
war-time need to repair and refit ships offered L & Tan opportunity, and led to the
formation of a new company, Hilda Ltd to handle these operations. L&T also started
to repair and fabrication shops signaling the expansion of the company

Awards and recognition: In 1997, the Bangalore works division was best of all Rajiv Gandhi national
quality award
In 2014 Larsen &Toubro ranked 500 on Forbes list of 2000 worlds largest and
most powerful public companies based on revenues, profits, assets and market
value. 54 Indian companies made it to the prestigious list, and L&T is the
highest ranked company in the engineering and construction section and 10 th
among all Indian public and private sectors.

 According to the brand trust report 2012 published by trust research advisory,
a brand analytics company , L&T was positioned 47 th among Indias most
trusted brands. Subsequently, in brands in India while according to the brand
trust report 2014, L&T was elevated to the 38 th position among Indias most
trusted brands.
In 2013, L&T power received golden peacock Nations quality award-2012at
the 23rd world congress on Leadership &quality of governance.
In 2012, Forbes ranked L&T as 9th most innovative company in the world. L &
T was also featured in the Forbes Asias annual fabulous 50 list in 2010, for
the fifth time in a row.
In 2012, L&T was ranked 4th by news week in the global list of green
companies in the industrial sector.

2. GVK COMPANY
Dr. GVK Reddy is the founder chairman & managing director of GVK, a diversified
business conglomerate with interests across energy, resources, airports, Dr. Reddy has
established GVK as a key infrastructure player with interests in Indian and
international markets.
GVK is Indian conglomerate spanning across diverse sector including energy,
resources, airports, transportation, hospitality and life sciences. Having already
invested over Rs.24,000 core (US$4.3 BILLION), GVK has projects in pipeline worth
over another Rs.36,000 core (US$6.6 billion) in India
8

A pioneer, GVK set up Indias first independent power plant, first six- lane road
project and the first brown field airport under the public private partnership model.
Milestones:GVK Bio signs definitive agreement to acquire Vantaa bioscience. The acquisition
enables GVK bio to offer GLP toxicology services for pharmaceuticals,
agrochemicals, Nutraceuticals, and cosmetics.
GVK Hancock has been granted an environmental authority (clearance) for its alpha
coal project in the galilee basin in central Queensland
GVK CSIAs artsy infrastructure has helped the city of Mumbai rank as the 3 rd best
smart city across the world by national geographic traveler magazine. Mumbai is
the only city from India which has made it to the list
Awards: Panama GVK guest services has been bestowed with the century international
quality era award by (BID) Group one as recognition to the services combined
high delivery on customer- focused parameters such as quality, leadership,
technology, management, customer satisfaction, brand name and business
results.
GVK KIA, Bangalore has been adjudged best regional airport in central Asia
by SKYTRAX 2015.
GVK CSIA has won the best designed and developed landscape award at the
20th exhibition of plants & flowers organized by the municipal corporation of
greater Mumbai and tree authority.
GVK CSIA has been ranked among the top 5 airports worldwide in the 25-40
million passengers per the annual ACI airport council international in the
annual ACI airport service quality awards 2014.

3. GMR COMPANY
GMR Group is an infrastructural company headquartered in Bangalore. The company
was founded in 1978 by Gandhi Mallikarjuna Rao. Employing the public private
partnership model, the group has successfully implemented several iconic
infrastructure project in India. The Group also has a global presence with

infrastructure operating assets and project in several countries including turkey, South
Africa, Indonesia, Singapore, the Maldives and the Philippines
GMR infrastructure limited is the infrastructure holding company formed to fund the
capital requirements of various infrastructure projects across the sectors. It undertakes
the development of the infrastructure projects through its various subsidiaries.
Milestones
Gold member states for GMRAA - GMR aviation academy GMR AA was
accredited Gold member status for the prestigious ICAO Trainer plus
program. GMRAA was honored the status during the 2 nd international civil;
aviation organization (ICAO) Regional TRANINAIR PLUS Course
developers and instructors standardization meetings (CDI/STDs) for Asia
pacific region, from 2nd- 4th July, 2014, at Novato Hyderabad airport.
Transport system (MMTS)the consortium led by GMR infrastructure Limited
has won three construction packages of rail line doubling of multi dal phase
II works on Secunderabad division of south central railway in the state of
Andhra Pradesh, India. Rail Vikas Nigam limited has issued the letter of award
to the GMR consortium on 11th June 2014
GHIAL BAGS FICCI CSR AWARD -2012-13 GMR Hyderabad
international airport ltd (GHIAL) has bagged yet another prestigious award,
FICCI CSR Award -2012-13, for its CSR initiatives by FICCI Aditya Birla
CSR centre for excellence. The award, under the winner category in private
sector companies, was conferred based on the assessment by grant Thornton
(GT) and Birla institute of management technology (BIMTECH).
GMR Megawide consortium has been awarded the mactan Cebu airport
project
Awards
Presented the third edition of the GMR-IGI Airport awards at a glittering
ceremony held at the kingdom of dreams, Gurgaon, on 25th July

2014. The

awards have been instituted who work relentlessly to keep the airport
operations running 24X7. GMR IGI Award 2014 were given across 28
diversified categories with two special recognition awards.
10

 DIAL won the first prize in the CII 5S Excellence awards 2014 organized
by confederation of Indian industries (CII) northern region in the service
sector. The event was organized at Chandigarh on 29th August 2014.
Mr. Brijmohan Agrawal, honorable minister for agriculture, presented the
award at a glittering ceremony at hotel Babylon inn, Raipur, on 24 th august,
2014. The five member jury had a tough time deciding the winner. More Then
50 companies from Chhattisgarh competed for the award.

4. HCC COMPANY
Hindustan construction company (HCC) is headquartered in Mumbai, India. HCCs
businesses span the sectors of engineering & construction, real estate, infrastructure,
urban development & management. The HCC real estate ltd, HCC infrastructure co.
ltd, Lavasa corporation ltd, steiner AG in Switzerland and Highbar technologies ltd.
Founded by lndustrialist Seth watchband Harahan in 1926, HCC Ltd. Executes largescale civil engineering and infrastructure project such as hydel power plant, nuclear
power plant, expressways and highways, tunnels and bridges. HCC currently serves
the infrastructure sectors of transportation, power and water. HCC was the first
construction company in India to be certified for ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS
18001 for its quality, environmental and occupational health and safety management
system. The company is headed by AjitGulabchand, chairman and managing director.
HCC is also developed Lavasa, a planned hill city set in the Sahayadri mountains.
Lavasa is spread amidst 23,000 acres and located at a 3-hour drive from Mumbai and
11

an hours drive from Pune. The master plan for Lavasa has been developed by the
design consultant HOK international Limited, USA. Lavasa is slated to have 5towns
Dasve, Mugaon, Dhamanohol, Sakhari- Wadavali and the central business district
(CBD). The city is planned for a permanent population of 3 lake residents. The
integrated development at Lavasa city comprises apartments, retail, hotels, an
international convention centre, education, information technology, biotech parks,
sports and recreation facilities spread across its 5 towns

5. RELIANCE COMPANY
Reliance industries Limited (RIL) is an Indian conglomerate holding company
headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The company operates in five major
segments: exploration and production, refining and marketing, petrochemicals, retail
and telecommunications.
The group is present in many business sector across India including petrochemicals,
construction, communications, energy, health care, science and technology, natural
resources, retail, textiles, and logistics. RIL is the second largest publicly traded
company in India by market capitalization and is the second largest company is
ranked No.99 on the fortune global 500list of the worlds biggest corporations, as of
2013. RIL contributes approximately 14% of Indias total exports
Awards and recognition:-

12

International refiner of the year in 2013 at the HART Energys 27 th world

refining & fuel conference. This is the second time that RIL has received this

award for its Jamnagar refinery, the first being in 2005

According to survey conducted by brand finance in 2013, Reliance the second

most valuable brand in India.

The brand trust report ranked reliance industries as the 7 th most trusted brand

in India in 2013 and 9th in 2014.

RIL was certified as Responsible Care Company by the American chemistry

council in March, 2012.

RIL was ranked at 25th position across the world, on the basis of sales, in the

ICIS Top 100 chemicals company list in 2012.

RIL was awarded the national Golden peacock award 2011 for its contribution

in the field of corporate sustainability.

In 2009, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) named reliance industries as the
worlds fifth biggest sustainable value creator in a list of 25 top companies

globally in terms of investor returns over a decade.

The company was selected as one of the worlds 100 best managed companies
for the year 2000 by industry week magazine.
CHAPTER IV
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
1. GROSS PROFIT
Formula:- Gross Profit = Gross Profit / Net Sales*100

Table1:- Gross Profit Ratio of five companies from 2009 2010 to 2013 - 2014

GMR
L&T
GVK
HCC
RELIANC
E

2014
33.18
11.77
75
15.58
9.60

2013
25.18
10.52
46.9
9.49
7.91

2012
21.52
11.81
42.46
11.15
8.54

2011
32.93
12.84
13.23
13.24
10.12

2010
39.27
13.78
41.41
12.62
15.36

Fig1:-graphical representation of Gross Profit Ratio of five years

13

GROSS PROFIT RATIO

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

2014

2013
GMR

2012
L&T

GVK

HCC

2011

2010

RELIANCE

Interpretation:
As it can be clearly observered from the above analysis GMR group & GVK group
has the highest profits of 33.18% & 75% an the year 2014.
Where as L& T & HCC makes average profits of 11.77% & 15.88% & RELIANCE
stands last of all with only 9.6%.
2. NET PROFIT RATIO
Formula:- Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit/ Net Sales *100
Table2:-Net Profit Ratio of five companies from 2009 2010 to 2013 - 2014
GMR
L&T
GVK
HCC
RELIANC
E

2014
21.10
9.70
00
1.99
6.90

2013
3.73
8.06
00
00
5.63

2012
8.70
8.38
00
00
5.82

14

2011
8.09
9.01
164.6
1.73
6.07

2010
8.83
11.86
46.41
2.24
8.17

NET PROFIT RATIO

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

2014

2013
GMR

L&T

2012
GVK

HCC

2011

2010

RELIANCE

Fig2:graphical representation on Net Profit Ratio of five years

Interpretation:As it can be clearly observered from the above analysis GVK group has the highest
profits of 164.6% an the year 2011. Gmr is second highest profit of 21.10%
Where as L& T & HCC makes average profits of 11.86% & 8.17% & reliance stands
last of all with only 2.24%.

3. CURRENT PROFIT RATIO

Formula:- Current Profit Ratio = Current Assets/ Current Liabilities
Table3:- Current Profit Ratio of five companies from 2009 2010 to 2013 -2014
15

GMR
L&T
GVK
HCC
RELIANC
E

2014
0.12
0.82

2013
0.44
0.80

2012
1.08
0.70

2011
1.26
0.59

2010
0.82
0.70

0.27
1.40
0.61

3.84
1.58
1.12

8.63
1.22
1.30

1.48
1.67
1.42

1.95
1.83
1.14

Fig3:- graphical representation on Current Profit Ratio of five years

CURRENT PROFIT RATIO
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

2014

2013
GMR

2012
L&T

GVK

HCC

2011

2010

RELIANCE

Interpretation:As it can be clearly observered from the above analysis GVK group has the highest
profits of 8.63% an the year 2011. HCC is second highest profit of 1.58%
Where as RELIANCE & GMR makes average profits of 1.42% & 8.1.26% & L & T
stands last of all with only 0.80%.

4. DEBT EQUITY RATIO

Formula:- Debt Equity Ratio = Long Term Liabilities / Shareholder Funds
Table4:- Debt Equity Ratio of five companies from 2009 2010 to 2013 - 2014
GMR

2014
0.42

2013
0.52

2012
0.38
16

2011
0.32

2010
0.44

L&T
GVK
HCC
RELIANC
E

0.34
0.19
3.60
0.41

0.27
0.17
3.90
0.43

0.33
0.16
2.60
0.30

0.29
0.039
2.30
0.36

0.37
0.040
1.60
0.43

Fig4:- graphical representation on Debt Equity Ratio of five years

DEBT EQUITY RATIO
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

2014

2013
GMR

2012

L&T

GVK

HCC

2011

2010

RELIANCE

Interpretation:As it can be clearly observered from the above analysis. GMR & HCC group has the
highest profit of 0.52% & 3.90% in the years 2013.
Where as L & T &RELIANCE Makes average profits of 0.37% & 0.43% & GVK
stands last of all with only0.040%

5. RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Formula:- ROCE= Adjusted Net Profit / Capital Employed *100
Table5:-Return On Capital Employed of five companies from 2009 2010 to
2013 - 2014
GMR
L &T

2014
1.74
16.31

2013
0.74
16.85

2012
1.66
17.67
17

2011
0.82
18.12

2010
0.23
23.92

GVK
HCC
RELIANC
E

00
6.38
10.50

00
00
11.15

00
00
11.73

2.69
4.66
12.29

0.87
5.36
13.88

Fig5:- graphical representation on Return On Capital Employed of five years

RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

2014

2013
GMR

2012
L&T

GVK

HCC

2011

2010

RELIANCE

Interpretation:As it can be clearly observered from the above analysis. RELIANCE & L & T group
has the highest profit of 13.88% & 23.92 %in the years 2014.
Where as HCC & GVK Makes average profits of 6.38% & 2.69 %& GMR stands last
of all with only0.23%

CHAPTER V
MARKETING STRATEGIES
L&T COMPANY
Larsen & Toubro Limited also known as L & T is an Indian multinational
conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, it was founded in (1938)
by Danish engineers taking refuge in India as well as an Indian financing partner. The
company has business interest in engineering, construction, manufacturing goods,
information technology, and financial services, and also has an office in the Middle
East and other parts of Asia.
18

L & T is Indias largest engineering and construction company considered to be the

bellwether largest engineering & construction sector, L & T was recognized as the
company of the year in economic times 2010 awards.
Product
L&T company is offered by products & services like corporate, electrical &
automation, EWAC alloys, heavy engineering, hydrocarbon, It services, L&T
cassidian, L&T construction, L&T construction & mining machinery, L&T finance,
L&T infrastructure development project, L&T finance company, L&T institute of
project management, L&T insurance, L&T technology services, L&T metro rail, L&T
Kuwait construction.
L&T sector also include L&T mhps turbine generators, L&T mutual funds, L&T
Sargent & Lundy, L&T special steels and heavy forgings, power development
Place
L&T is a major technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and financial
services conglomerate, with global operations. L&T addresses critical needs in key
sectors- hydrocarbon, infrastructure, power, process industries and defense- for
customer in over 30 countries around the world.
The companys manufacturing footprint extends across eight (8) countries in addition
to India. L&T has several international offices and supply chain that extend around
the global.
It will be impossible to cover the number of cities and places that L&T company has
presence in across India. This statement it self gives you a point of view of the large
operations that are the foundation of L&T company
Price
The pricing policy of L&T company is different for different sectors. The policy for
sectors such as construction & mining, infrastructure development project, L&T
power development, manufacturing that are followed by the aggressive pricing
strategy.

19

The L&T aggressive pricing strategy to penetrate the space. this strategy may be
essential for L&T
If the aggressive pricing policy is in place, them automatically the volume will rise
and in turn, it will lead to better revenues for the L&T company.
Promotions
However, promotion is a big expense for most companies and hence L&T company is
spending less expense on promotions and reducing the prices so that customers are
attracted to the company. In the except for the developing project sector, hardly any
advertising is seen from L&T.
L&T company is used to the various promotional strategy like advertisement, news
papers advertisement, sponsor of sports activities, rehabilitation programs for the
downtrodden people.
The promotion strategy used to increase the sales and revenue for the business and
companies are provides for special discount to the products, their promotion
campaigns are clean, well made, trendy with an emotional touch and up to the mark to
attract the customers.

GMR COMPANY
GMR Group is an infrastructural company headquartered in Bangalore. The company
was founded in 1978 by Gandhi Mallikarjuna Rao. Employing the public private
partnership model, the group has successfully implemented several iconic
infrastructure project in India. The Group also has a global presence with
infrastructure operating assets and project in several countries including turkey, South
Africa, Indonesia, Singapore, the Maldives and the Philippines.
Product
The GMR company contribution to total exports is nearly 8%. The company is
present in different sectors like

20

Airports:-GMR group operates Indias busiest airport, the Indira Gandhi international
airport (IGIA) in new Delhi, Rajiv Gandhi international airport (RGIA) in Hyderabad
which is a gateway to south and central India.
Energy:-the group has 15 power generation assets of which 8 are operational and 7
are under various stages of development.
Transportation:-GMR groups transportation business has 6 operational highways
covering a total length of 2851 lane km.
Urban infrastructure:- the urban infrastructure sector was carved to manage the
groups foray into the business of special investment region(SIR), property
development and construction.
Sports:-GMR has forayed into sports by promoting the Indian premier League(IPL)
cricket team Delhi daredevils.
Place
GMR company has nearly 110 subsidiaries and 8 associate firms in the all over
sectors it is largest infrastructure company in India. All the outlets are located at prime
locations with trained and efficient staff to garner maximum consumer.
The GMR company locations are in the national and international and doing business
with different places like Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore, and Delhi etc.
Price
The GMR has offered superior customer value propositions in terms of product
quality with relevant consumer benefits and therefore prices the products at a
premium-to-market. It has also pioneered new distribution systems to make products
easily available to consumers. This is to ensure that consumers see GMR products as
good value for money.
Because the longer drain times, and evolution of more sophisticated infrastructure
demand for lubricant has declined. A shrinking market and competition have made
price undercutting the common strategy, both in automotive and industrial lubricant
segments.

21

Promotion
These are the activities conducted by GMR company to communicate the merits of
the infrastructural products in order to persuade their customers to buy it. gmr should
continue with their current promotional strategies such as memorable TV
advertisements, public relations, sponsoring and sales promotion to promote products
worldwide by localizing their promotional activities depending on the culture of the
respective target market. However, they should differentiate their promotional
strategies from that of its competitors. Engaging in various social network sites such
as twitter and Facebook should enhance Internet resources targeting customers
throughout the world. These should be used to promote the new products and generate
awareness of the products. Further, public relations activities should be increased with
more involvement in community activities in order to create goodwill and a positive
public perception. In terms of sponsorships.

GVK COMPANY
Dr. GVK Reddy is the founder chairman & managing director of GVK, a diversified
business conglomerate with interests across energy, resources, airports, Dr. Reddy has
established GVK as a key infrastructure player with interests in Indian and
international markets.
GVK is Indian conglomerate spanning across diverse sector including energy,
resources, airports, transportation, hospitality and life sciences. Having already
invested over Rs.24,000 core (US$4.3 BILLION), GVK has projects in pipeline worth
over another Rs.36,000 core (US$6.6 billion) in India.

22

Product
GVK company contribution to total Indian GDP is nearly 9%. GVK is a leading
Indian conglomerate with diversified interests across various sectors including energy,
resources, airport, transportation, hospitality and life sciences. It has taken pioneering
initiatives across many sector that it operates in and has overcome every challenge to
provide reliable infrastructure to contribute to the countrys growth.
The company is present in numerous sectors like logistics, retail, natural resources,
science and technology, health care, energy, communications, construction and
petrochemicals. GVK company is also the producers of Polyester Fiber, MonoEthylene Glycol (MEG), Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) and Polypropylene (PP).
Place
GVK Industries has nearly 156 subsidiaries and 10 associate firms. In the retail sector,
it is the largest retailer with nearly 1466 outlets in India. All the outlets are located at
prime locations with trained and efficient staff to garner maximum consumers.
It will be impossible to cover the number of cities and places that GVK industries has
presence in across India. This statement itself gives you a point of view of the large
operations that are the foundation of GVK industries.

Price
The pricing policy of GVK Industries is different for different sectors. The policy for
sectors such as airports, energy, hospitality and health care that are in direct contact
with the consumers is mainly penetration pricing. This is because most of these
sectors are question marks and their outcome is undetermined as of now. Energy and
airports both suffer huge losses but companies invest in them looking at the future.
GVK Industries has a special team of highly qualified individuals who are the main
determining factors behind every pricing policies and decisions and this is arrived
after a complete analysis and evaluation. In some sectors like GVK showrooms, it has
dropped the services of intermediaries and bought the items directly from its source
23

and hence has been able to lower the prices of the products, due to which the sale is
higher and it is able to survive in the tough business.
Promotion
However, promotions is a big expense for most companies and hence GVK relies
more on spending less on promotions and reducing the prices so that customers are
attracted to the company. In fact, except for the retail sector, hardly any advertising is
seen from GVK. And even if it uses advertising, it uses more of BTL then ATL.
It has been a regular sponsor of sports activities, It also holds various rehabilitation
programs for the downtrodden people.
GVK has eagerly utilized the available advertising tools so that the best marketing
strategies could be implemented. Their promotional campaigns are clean, well made,
trendy with an emotional touch and up to the mark to attract the consumers.

HCC COMPANY
Hindustan construction company (HCC) is headquartered in Mumbai, India. HCCs
businesses span the sectors of engineering & construction, real estate, infrastructure,
urban development & management. The HCC real estate ltd, HCC infrastructure co.
ltd, Lavasa corporation ltd, Steiner AG in Switzerland and High bar technologies ltd.
Product
HCC is a business group of global scale developing and building responsible
infrastructure through next practices. With a group turnover of rs.10,353 crore as on

24

march 2014-2015, its businesses span the sector of engineering &construction, real
estate, infrastructure, urban development & management.
The HCC group of companies comprise HCC ltd (engi& construction), and its
subsidiaries hcc infrastructure ltd, lavas a corporation ltd, high bar technologies and
Steiner AG to learn more about hccs companies.
Place
This includes all the activities carried out by HCC to make products available to their
target market. Their main distribution strategy of sales from global market should be
continued. Additionally, they should evaluate and increase the number of outlets and
locations where Guinness products can be purchased depending on customer
segments, which will improve accessibility. Furthermore, HCC should use direct and
indirect distribution methods such as supermarkets and convenience stores to sell the
new products. The same concept used by infrastructure in Dublin can be recreated in
the said markets, which will enable its loyal customers to trace the story of an icon
from its beginnings until the present day. In addition, customers can be given the
opportunity to experience the production process (brewing, tasting, etc) in order to
bring them closer to the products. Furthermore, facilities can be arranged for the
visitors to view the entire award winning advertisements.

Price
HCC company has offered superior customer value propositions in terms of product
quality with relevant consumer benefits and therefore prices the products at a
premium-to-market. It has also pioneered new distribution systems to make products
easily available to consumers. This is to ensure that consumers see in products as
good value for money.
HCC main competitions are the PSUs such as Indian infrastructure, BPCL etc.
Because the longer drain times, and evolution of more sophisticated engines demand
25

for lubricant has declined. A shrinking market and competition have made price
undercutting the common strategy, both in automotive and industrial lubricant
segments.
HCC company spends a good share in trade marketing too. A big part of the
promotional spending of the public sector lubricant makers goes into trade promotions
and price support mechanisms.
Promotion
As per the agreement signed in 1989, HCC infrastructure Ltd developed and launched
Lavasa corporation, in the different locations in India.
Their promotional campaigns are clean, well made, trendy with an emotional touch
and up to the mark to attract the consumers. HCC industries also announces discounts
and schemes for its consumers.
The HCC promotion will be through the online shopping, Facebook, TV channels,
advertiment and distribution to various promotional channels

RELIANCE COMPNAY
Reliance Industries is an Indian Multinational corporation with its headquarters in
Mumbai, India. This public company was founded in the year 1966 by
DhirubhaiAmbani and at present is headed by its MD and Chairman MukeshAmbani.
The operations of the company include dealings in petrochemicals, production and
exploration, retail, marketing and refining and telecommunications. Reliance
Industries is ranked second in India in terms of revenue collections and comes under
the hundred largest corporations in the world. In terms of market capitalization, RIL
26

comes second in the publicly traded sector.

Some of the companies that are

competitors of Reliance industries are as follows

Indian Oil Corporation in the petrochemical sector

Sahara Q in the retail sector

Airtel in Telecommunication sector

Product
Reliance Industries contribution to total Indian exports is nearly 14%. The company is
present in numerous sectors like logistics, textiles, retail, natural resources, science
and

technology,

health

care,

energy,

communications,

construction

and

petrochemicals. Reliance Industries is also the producers of Polyester Fibre, MonoEthylene Glycol (MEG), Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) and Polypropylene (PP).
Retail sector includes Reliance Fresh, Reliance Digital, Reliance Footprint, Reliance
Trends, Reliance Mart, Reliance Home Kitchens, Reliance Time Out, Reliance
Wellness, Reliance Autozone, Reliance Super, Reliance iStore, Reliance Market and
Reliance Jewel.
Reliance Life Sciences includes working around industrial and medicinal
Biotechnological opportunities. It focuses on the branding, manufacturing and
marketing of products that belong to Reliance Industries brand in clinical research and
bio pharmaceuticals.
Reliance Institute of Life Sciences is an institution that offers the chance for higher
studies in numerous fields of life science and technology.

Place
Reliance Industries has nearly 123 subsidiaries and 10 associate firms. In the retail
sector, it is the largest retailer with nearly 1466 outlets in India. All the outlets are
located at prime locations with trained and efficient staff to garner maximum
consumers.

27

It will be impossible to cover the number of cities and places that reliance industries
has presence in across India. This statement itself gives you a point of view of the
large operations that are the foundation of Reliance industries.
A fabric mill was established in the year 1966 at Naroda, Gujarat and this was the
starting point of Reliance Industries. It has manufacturing plants at various convenient
sites like Jamnagar. The petro chemical plant at Hazira was started in 1991.
The biggest Gas discovery was by Reliance Industriesat the Godavari- Krishna Basin.
Reliance Industries is a very old hand at each stage of circulation whether
manufacturing, or hiring wholesalers or contracting retailers. They have a wide
network already in place for every facet like channel, intermediary or distribution and
their sound mechanism has taken them to such unimaginable heights.

Price
The pricing policy of Reliance Industries is different for different sectors. The policy
for sectors such as retail, telecommunications and health care that are in direct contact
with the consumers is mainly penetration pricing. This is because most of these
sectors are question marks and their outcome is undetermined as of now. Retail and
telecommunication both suffer huge losses but companies invest in them looking at
the future.
If the fair pricing policy is in place, then automatically the volume will rise and in
turn, it will lead to better revenues. The policy for the sector petrochemicals is
different as it is dependent largely on the current global market, which is very
flexible. The various market conditions along with the costing and promotional
expenses determine the pricing policies of the company.
Reliance Industries has a special team of highly qualified individuals who are the
main determining factors behind every pricing policies and decisions and this is
arrived after a complete analysis and evaluation. In some sectors like Reliance Fresh
showrooms, it has dropped the services of intermediaries and bought the items
directly from its source and hence has been able to lower the prices of the products,
due to which the sale is higher and it is able to survive in the tough retail business.

Promotions
28

Reliance has eagerly utilized the available advertising tools so that the best marketing
strategies could be implemented. Their promotional campaigns are clean, well made,
trendy with an emotional touch and up to the mark to attract the consumers. Reliance
Industries also announces discounts and schemes for its consumers.
However, promotions is a big expense for most companies and hence Reliance relies
more on spending less on promotions and reducing the prices so that customers are
attracted to the company. In fact, except for the retail sector, hardly any advertising is
seen from Reliance. And even if it uses advertising, it uses more of BTL then ATL.
It has been a regular sponsor of sports activities and has bought an IPL (cricket team).
It also holds various rehabilitation programs for the downtrodden people

CHAPTER VI
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
L&T COMPANY
Human resource services

29

Choose only the services you want; we provide the process management, personnel
and IT expertise to deliver a full portfolio of services - including Workforce and
Leave Administration, Talent Management and Total Rewards. We have unique global
HR and payroll operation solutions to meet your requirements for a single view of
your workforce. In addition, with our technologies, we can help you meet todays
always-on workforce expectations for a high-quality, self-service functionality for HR
and payroll apps across multiple devices.
Recruitment:Once recruited, the company has holistic programmers, focusing on the specific needs
of the individuals and businesses/functions. It ensures that the new joiners feel
comfortable and are included in the organization as fact as possible.
In addition to hiring externally, the company has a robust process of internal
recruitments, wherein all open positions are first advertised to employees, who get the
first opportunity to apply against the positions reviewed by a cross-functional
selection panel.
Compensation:Employees get a competitive compensation package that includes salary, allowances,
bonuses, share plans and health and retirement provisions as well as other benefits.
The package structure is designed to attract and retain the quality employees to
continually develop their skills and enhance their contribution. Employees undergo an
annual salary review to ensure that it remains competitive. This is done by comparing
it with current levels of pay in the market and peers. The top-performers are
differentiated on rewards. The company rewards top

Payroll services
Improve the satisfaction levels of leaders and employees, increase transparency of
global payroll reporting, while reducing administrative costs and error rates, with
global end-to-end services. L&T Payroll Services provides global end-to-end
processes required for paying your active and retired workforce. Our objective is to
30

improve satisfaction levels of leaders and employees, and increase global payroll
reporting transparency, while reducing administrative costs and error rates.
Training delivery options
Virtual instructor led training (vilt)
L&T software Education's Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) classes are live,
instructor-led sessions that offer you the same benefit you would receive in one of our
traditional public classroom environments. Students connect to the virtual classroom
via their own computer and Internet connection, and are joined by the NP Certified
Instructor facilitating the live session for participants located around the globe.
Public training
L&T Software operates public training centers in the US and at facilities across the
globe. In addition, a network of Certified Training Partners (CTPs) also offer official
L&T Software courses. Each course provides students with hands-on experience and
is lab-based to keep learning practical. The class experience is designed to grant
students the opportunity to personally interact with instructors who have extensive
experience and industry knowledge. Our range of courses accommodate both
beginning and advanced students.
Onsite training
L&T Software Education Services can deliver standard and/or customized training
courses at your location that address your unique business needs. Our Onsite Training
program is designed to help you minimize your expenses, while providing you with
training programs that result in accelerated deployment times and more productive
users.

Web based training

L&T Software Web-Based Training (WBT) courses are designed for the Technical
User audience of our l&T products. These offerings focus on the technical aspects of
our products and often include an abbreviated version of the content found in our
31

Instructor-led courses. Our WBT provide the technical basics around the installation,
configuration, administration, and maintenance of HP Software products.
Features
Self-paced technical content
Instructor tutorials
Software demonstrations
very cost effective and provide multiple offerings to be suit your individual needs.
Have an online tool that is very helpful in determining cost and a...
Vacation & paid time off
3 weeks paid vacation the option to purchase an additional week and sick time is
paid outside of your vacation. yourvacation is completely separate

GMR COMPANY
Employee benefits
32

 Health Insurance
Dental Insurance
Flexible Spending Account (FSA)
Vision Insurance
Health Savings Account (HSA)
Life Insurance
Supplemental Life Insurance
Disability Insurance
Occupation Accident Insurance
Health Care On-Site
Mental Health Care
Retiree Health & Medical
Accidental Death & Dismemberment Insurance
Financial & retirement
Pension Plan
Retirement Plan
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Performance Bonus
Stock Options
Equity Incentive Plan
Supplemental Workers' Compensation
Charitable Gift Matching
Vacation & time off
Vacation & Paid Time Off
Sick Days
Paid Holidays
Volunteer Time Off
Sabbatical
Bereavement Leave
GMR policies and principles
33

Formal corporate policies issued by the GMR chief executive officer (or the senior
officer she directs) govern companywide actions within GMR and actions with all
third parties. Our corporate policies reflect GMR values and the resulting
management system within which our decisions are made. Their intent is to express
clear direction on the things that are fundamental, basic, most important and therefore
most enduring in our business.
Business conduct & ethics
GMR is committed to principles of business ethics and lawful conduct. It is GMR
policy to conduct itself ethically and lawfully in all matters and to maintain GMR
high standards of business integrity.
Employees must at all times comply with GMR business conduct and related
guidelines. Violation of any GMR guideline is cause for discipline, including
dismissal from the company. Employees should consult their management
immediately if they have any question whether their actions could violate an GMR
guideline.
Furthermore, it is GMR practice to voluntarily and promptly disclose known
violations of government procurement laws to appropriate officials of government. In
the event that GMR benefited economically from such known violations, it is our
practice to reimburse the government customer accordingly. GMR employees should
immediately make known to appropriate levels of management, either directly or
through the Open Door or Speak-Up programs, any and all allegations of violations in
connection with any government contract.
Reciprocity
It is GMR policy neither to buy nor to sell on a reciprocity basis.
To maintain the high performance standards of our products, we must base all our
purchases on quality, price and the supplier's reliability. To use reciprocity as a
purchasing consideration would limit our field of supply and could jeopardize our
product quality and price.

34

Workforce diversity
The employees of GMR represent a talented and diverse workforce. Achieving the
full potential of this diversity is a business priority that is fundamental to our
competitive success. A key element in our workforce diversity programs is GMR
long-standing commitment to equal opportunity.
GMR recruits at top programs throughout the US. On campus in Fall and Spring,
students can find us at career fairs and info sessions, leading classroom discussions,
participating in student organization events, and so on.
We typically conduct first-round interviews on campus. Second rounds, for
competitive students, may take place at one of our office locations. For candidates
who apply online at ibm.com/start, know that GMR does review ALL applications
and will reach out and interview candidates we think may make a strong fit. We
welcome any and all candidates to apply through our Web site.

GVK COMPANY
Human resource services
Choose only the services you want; we provide the process management, personnel
and IT expertise to deliver a full portfolio of servicesincluding Workforce and
Leave Administration, Talent Management and Total Rewards. We have unique global
HR and payroll operation solutions to meet your requirements for a single view of
your workforce. In addition, with our technologies, we can help you meet todays
always-on workforce expectations for a high-quality, self-service functionality for HR
and payroll apps across multiple devices.

35

Recruitment
Once recruited, the company has holistic programmers, focusing on the specific needs
of the individuals and businesses/functions. It ensures that the new joiners feel
comfortable and are included in the organization as fact as possible.
In addition to hiring externally, the company has a robust process of internal
recruitments, wherein all open positions are first advertised to employees, who get the
first opportunity to apply against the positions reviewed by a cross-functional
selection panel.
Qualifications
At least 4 years of project management in software development.
Outstanding communication and presentation skills, written and verbal, at
multiple levels of the organization.
Ability to participate in and possibly facilitate requirement brainstorming
session.
Strong technical proficiency server architecture and development, SQL, and
bonus for past programming experience
E-commerce and business experience: order, billing, tax, payment, invoicing,
royalties, licensing etc.
Digital media experience, SAP integration experience.

Payroll services
Improve the satisfaction levels of leaders and employees, increase transparency of
global payroll reporting, while reducing administrative costs and error rates, with
global end-to-end services. L&T Payroll Services provides global end-to-end
processes required for paying your active and retired workforce. Our objective is to
improve satisfaction levels of leaders and employees, and increase global payroll
reporting transparency, while reducing administrative costs and error rates.
Training delivery options
L&T software Education's Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) classes are live,
instructor-led sessions that offer you the same benefit you would receive in one of our
traditional public classroom environments. Students connect to the virtual classroom

36

via their own computer and Internet connection, and are joined by the NP Certified
Instructor facilitating the live session for participants located around the globe.

Public training
L&T Software operates public training centers in the US and at facilities across the
globe. In addition, a network of Certified Training Partners (CTPs) also offer official
L&T Software courses. Each course provides students with hands-on experience and
is lab-based to keep learning practical. The class experience is designed to grant
students the opportunity to personally interact with instructors who have extensive
experience and industry knowledge. Our range of courses accommodate both
beginning and advanced students.
Onsite training
L&T Software Education Services can deliver standard and/or customized training
courses at your location that address your unique business needs. Our Onsite Training
program is designed to help you minimize your expenses, while providing you with
training programs that result in accelerated deployment times and more productive
users.
Web based training
L&T Software Web-Based Training (WBT) courses are designed for the Technical
User audience of our l&T products. These offerings focus on the technical aspects of
our products and often include an abbreviated version of the content found in our
Instructor-led courses. Our WBT provide the technical basics around the installation,
configuration, administration, and maintenance of HP Software products.

37

HCC COMPANY
Training and development
The company has a number of structured interventions that are in place to support the
agenda of training and leadership development. The Castrol global leadership
framework focuses on valuing Expertise, Emerging people, acting decisively and
delivering results. There is a structured capability building agenda that is linked to
technical and core competencies.
The opportunities for training and learning range from on job assignments, project
roles, learning fairs, class room training, coaching and mentoring to develop special
skills, e- learning, shadow stints. These are offered in combination based on the
capability that needs to be developed.
The company invests hugely in identifying potential leaders through processes of
"personal Development Plans", and "Self Advocacy Forums" and then developing
them through emerging leaders and Career Advancement Programs (CAPs).
Recruitment:Once recruited, the company has holistic programmers, focusing on the specific needs
of the individuals and businesses/functions. It ensures that the new joiners feel
comfortable and are included in the organization as fact as possible.

38

In addition to hiring externally, the company has a robust process of internal

recruitments, wherein all open positions are first advertised to employees, who get the
first opportunity to apply against the positions reviewed by a cross-functional
selection panel.

Compensation
Employees get a competitive compensation package that includes salary, allowances,
bonuses, share plans and health and retirement provisions as well as other benefits.
The package structure is designed to attract and retain the quality employees to
continually develop their skills and enhance their contribution. Employees undergo an
annual salary review to ensure that it remains competitive. This is done by comparing
it with current levels of pay in the market and peers. The top-performers are
differentiated on rewards. The company rewards top
Other than the retrial benefits mentioned above, the company has some employeefriendly and progressive benefit offers. Flexible Work Hours, Career Breaks, Leave
(including paternity/Adoption Leave), an organization wide Fun and Fitness program
and an almost free lunch - Where healthy and hygienic food at highly subsidized rates
is provided to the employees. There is a comprehensive health and medical coverage
plan. Apart from a distinguishing group accident cover, Castrol offers domiciliary
medical insurance cover, a competitive hospitalization cover including an annual
health check-up offer. Sickness leave is provided on need basis.
Health and safety
Castrol maintains high level for Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE)
performance. it makes sure that all employees, contractor and others connected with
the company are well informed, well trained, engaged and committed to the HSE
39

improvement process through several initiatives throughout the year like safe to go,
go green, T 20 challenge and poster campaigns. Compliance to environmental laws
and regulatory standards on a worldwide basis is taken seriously. The HSSE stated
goals are;
i. no accidents
ii no harm to people
iii no damage to the environment

The company's road safety program has been successfully running for the past several
years and is now recognized as the benchmark on road safety initiatives in India. It
has a driving behavior monitoring program in place for all its drivers behavior
including third-party contractors. This has greatly helped improve the driving
behavior and in turn has positively impacted the company's road safety performance.
This and other road safety programs undertaken have been recognized externally, as
well as internally with in the BP Group.
Payroll services
Improve the satisfaction levels of leaders and employees, increase transparency of
global payroll reporting, while reducing administrative costs and error rates, with
global end-to-end services. HP Payroll Services provides global end-to-end processes
required for paying your active and retired workforce. Our objective is to improve
satisfaction levels of leaders and employees, and increase global payroll reporting
transparency, while reducing administrative costs and error rates.
Web based training
Software skills developed Web-Based Training (WBT) courses are designed for the
Technical User audience of our L&T Software products. These offerings focus on the
technical aspects of our products and often include an abbreviated version of the
content found in our Instructor-led courses. Our WBT provide the technical basics
40

around the installation, configuration, administration, and maintenance of L&T

Software products.

RELIANCE COMPANY
Human resource services
Choose only the services you want; we provide the process management, personnel
and IT expertise to deliver a full portfolio of servicesincluding Workforce and
Leave Administration, Talent Management and Total Rewards. We have unique global
HR and payroll operation solutions to meet your requirements for a single view of
your workforce. In addition, with our technologies, we can help you meet todays
always-on workforce expectations for a high-quality, self-service functionality for HR
and payroll apps across multiple devices.
Recruitment:Once recruited, the company has holistic programmers, focusing on the specific needs
of the individuals and businesses/functions. It ensures that the new joiners feel
comfortable and are included in the organization as fact as possible.
In addition to hiring externally, the company has a robust process of internal
recruitments, wherein all open positions are first advertised to employees, who get the
first opportunity to apply against the positions reviewed by a cross-functional
41

selection panel.
Qualifications: At least 4 years of project management in software development.
Outstanding communication and presentation skills, written and verbal, at
multiple levels of the organization.
Ability to participate in and possibly facilitate requirement brainstorming
session.
Strong technical proficiency server architecture and development, SQL, and
bonus for past programming experience
E-commerce and business experience: order, billing, tax, payment, invoicing,
royalties, licensing etc.
Digital media experience, SAP integration experience.

Compensation
Employees get a competitive compensation package that includes salary, allowances,
bonuses, share plans and health and retirement provisions as well as other benefits.
The package structure is designed to attract and retain the quality employees to
continually develop their skills and enhance their contribution. Employees undergo an
annual salary review to ensure that it remains competitive. This is done by comparing
it with current levels of pay in the market and peers. The top-performers are
differentiated on rewards. The company rewards top
Other than the retrial benefits mentioned above, the company has some employeefriendly and progressive benefit offers. Flexible Work Hours, Career Breaks, Leave
(including paternity/Adoption Leave), an organization wide Fun and Fitness program
and an almost free lunch - Where healthy and hygienic food at highly subsidized rates
is provided to the employees. There is a comprehensive health and medical coverage
plan. Apart from a distinguishing group accident cover, Castrol offers domiciliary
medical insurance cover, a competitive hospitalization cover including an annual
health check-up offer. Sickness leave is provided on need basis.

Health and safety

42

Castrol maintains high level for Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE)
performance. it makes sure that all employees, contractor and others connected with
the company are well informed, well trained, engaged and committed to the HSE
improvement process through several initiatives throughout the year like safe to go,
go green, T 20 challenge and poster campaigns. Compliance to environmental laws
and regulatory standards on a worldwide basis is taken seriously. The HSSE stated
goals are;
i. no accidents
ii no harm to people
iii no damage to the environment

Training and development

The company has a number of structured interventions that are in place to support the
agenda of training and leadership development. The Castrol global leadership
framework focuses on valuing Expertise, Emerging people, acting decisively and
delivering results. There is a structured capability building agenda that is linked to
technical and core competencies.
The opportunities for training and learning range from on job assignments, project
roles, learning fairs, class room training, coaching and mentoring to develop special
skills, e- learning, shadow stints. These are offered in combination based on the
capability that needs to be developed.
Responsibilities
Oversee all aspects of project information for multiple projects including timelines,
resource allocation, scope and definition
Drive business, functional, financial, and reporting requirements, often writing them
yourself
Own overall cross-functional project schedules including development on the iTunes
Store, back-end financial systems, and other Apple groups
43

 Collaborate with IS&T, Treasury, legal, Tax, finance, operations and other
organizations both within and outside of Apple to develop solutions for partnerships
and promotions and other new business.

CHAPTER VII
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
FINDINGS: The second largest road network in the world at 0.66 km of roads per square
kilometer of land.
As of 2011, 54 percent- about 2.53 million kilometers of Indian roads were
paved.
Road transport is vital to Indias economy. It enables the countrys
transportation sector to contributed 4.7 percent of Indias GDP.
The Indian roads are classified in to national, state, major and district and rural
roads
They have create employment to the people
Road industry has been one of the major contributors for the India GDP
Ratios show that the road industry companies are performing very better on
consistent basis.

44

SUGGESTIONS: The challenge now is to catch our infrastructure up to the demand and the
opportunity is to leapfrog the polluting industrial phase experienced in the
western world.
But the challenge in the India is more complex than inventing brilliant new
technologies. Indian faces issues in fuel infrastructure, road infrastructure and
price sensitivity.
One part of the solution is government legislation to support the nascent
sustainable transportation industry.
Private companies need to do their part too, both to take full advantage of govt
and market opportunities- and to create them.
The government is already discussing policies for fleet modernization and
vehicle inspection and certification with SIAM (society of Indian automobile
manufacturers)

CONCLUSION:The study suggests that the transport industry performs more poorly in a range of
areas than other industries which may contribute to the higher prevalence of
workplace injuries and fatalities. Many employers in the transport industry appear to
acknowledge that unsafe work practices and risk taking are leading to the high levels
of injuries and fatalities in the industry. This suggests that the design of work in the
transport industry needs examination to understand why unsafe work practices persist
and how they can be reduced. The higher acceptance of risk taking and rule breaking
in the transport industry compared to other industries is concerning. These may be key
factors driving the high levels of injuries and fatalities. More concerning is the
differing explanation for these behaviors by workers who are less likely to agree that
they ignore safety rules. The findings suggest that workplace conditions and to some
degree pressure from management stops workers from following safety practices
highlighting work design as a problem.

45

BIBLIOGRAPHY:Text Books

Narayana swamy, Financial Accounting & Analysis PHI 2012

G S Gupta, Management Economics, 2nd Edition, TMH 2012
Ramaswamy Namakumari , Marketing Management, THM 5th Edition 2013
Narender Singh , Human Resources Management, 2011

News Papers
The Times of India
The Hindu
Web sites
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro
http://www.gvk.com/aboutus/overview.asox
http:// mgmtfunda.com/pest-analysis-of-construction-industry
https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMR-Group
http://www.gmrgroup.in/awared-recognitions.aspx

46

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_construction_company
http://www.gmrgroup.in/home.aspx
http://india.recruit.net/search-reliance-construction-jobs
http://www.relianceconstrution.com/contact/employment/
http://www.hccindia.com/core_business_inner.php?id=16

47