Exercise skills 13-14

1. Salah. Was seharusnya dihilangkan sehingga bentuk kalimatnya setelah direduced adalah
though surprised. Reduced clause = though was surprised.
2. Benar. Reduced clause = wearing only a slight sweater.
3. Benar. Reduced clause = while driving across the country.
4. Salah. Needed seharusnya dibuat needing. Reduced clause = needed a vacation.
5. Benar. Reduced clause = when applying for the job.
6. Salah. Kalimat sudah meiliki subject = she dan verb = looked. Bentuk klausa selanjutnya
harus direduced karena tidak ada connector, maka was seharusnya dihilangkan sehingga
hanya digunakan filled. Reduced clause = was filled with dark thunderclouds.
7. Benar. Reduced clause = feeling weak after a long illness.
8. Salah. Reduced clause = before decided to have surgery. Decided seharusnya dibuat
deciding.
9. Benar. Reduced clause = a rather grainy type of wood.
10. Benar. Reduced clause = if submitted by the fifteenth of the month.

Exercise skills 13-14 pilihan ganda

1. A. Connector = when. Setelah connector tidak ada subject dan verb. Kemudian, subject dna
verb utama adalah Canadian geese dan are. Berarti kalimat membutuhkan subject dan verb,
tetapi dipilihan tidak ada yang menawarkan subject, maka kalimat ini pasti dalam bentuk
reduced form present participle, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah building. Kalimat aslinya when
Canadian geese build nests Dalam bentuk reduced form present participle, subject
dihilangkan dan verb dirubah kedalam bentuk verb-ing.
2. A. Subject = Calvin. Verb = made. Kalimat sudah memiliki s dan v, berarti hanya dibutuhkan
sebuah noun phrase.
3. B. Subject = Kokanee salmon. Verb = begin. Semua pilihan menawarkan verb spawn, berarti
dibutuhkan connector. Pilihan yang tidak memiliki connector salah. Pilihan B benar karena ini
bentuk reduced form present participle.
4. B. Kalimat membutuhkan appositive yang terbentuk dari reduced form past participle.
5. D. Kalimat memiliki connector until. Dilihat dari pilihan, setelah connector dibutuhkan bentuk
reduced form past participle. Subject dan to be dihilangkan, hanya tinggal verb 3 proven.
Kalimat aslinya: Until astronomers have recently been proven subject dan to be dihilangkan.
6. D. Kalimat membutuhkan appositive yang terbentuk dari reduced form past participle.

7. B. Kalimat membutuhkan connector. Kalimat aslinya; while she was in subject dan to be
dihilangkan (bentuk reduced form).
8. D. Subject = national restaurant. Verb = says. Connector = that. Subject dan verb kedua
adalah federal efforts dan would limit. Kalimat mebutuhkan appositive bentuk reduced form past
participle, yang nanti akan memisahkan subject dan verb dengan koma, karena posisi
appositive ditengah.
9. B. Kalimat ini membutuhkan appositive bentuk reduced form dari past participle, karena
makna yang diinginkan adalh pertama kali dilihat. Tetapi, pilihan yang ada first sighting, maka
pilihan B lebih tepat dengan penambahan connector tetapi dalam bentuk reduced form past
participle.
10. B. Dibutuhkan bentuk reduced form past participle called = disebut.

Exercise review exercise 1-14

1. D. Kalimat membutuhkan verb.
2. A. Kalimat sudah memiliki subject dan verb. Dibutuhkan keterangan jumlah tambahan saja.
3. D. Dibutuhkan connector dan auxiliary verb untuk present perfect.
4. B. Dibutuhkan subject dan verb setelah connector until.
5. D. Dibutuhkan noun clause yang berfungsi sbeagai subject.
6. B. Dibutuhkan subject dan verb.
7. C. Dibutuhkan noun clause setelah preposition on.
8. D. Dibutuhkan noun clause yang berfungsi sebagai subject.
9. A. Subject kalimat ini adalah one. Kemudian, dibentuk klausa baru setelah connector that dan
klausa yang terbentuk memiliki connector yang menunjukkan makna berlawanan.
10. D. Dibutuhkan connector yang direduced.

Questions of the Week (QOW) 8

1. Sometimes__________to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.
(A) difficult
(B) is difficult
(C) it is difficult
(D) that it is difficult
Jawaban: C. Kalimat membutuhkan subject dan verb.
2. Martha Graham, __________, has run her own dance company for half a century.
(A) is the great modern choreographer

(B) one of the great modern choreographers

(C) that the great modern choreographers
(D) the modern choreographers were great
Jawaban: B. Dibutuhkan appositive. Kalimat sudha memiliki subject = Martha Graham dan verb
= has run.
3. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, __________communicate
through facial expressions and by making noises.
(A) however
(B) they
(C) furthermore
(D) who
Jawaban: B. Kalimat membutuhkan subject karena hanya memiliki verb = communicate.
4. The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged __________to produce the desired
blend of sounds from the various musical sections .
(A) the conductor of
(B) from the conductor
(C) the conductor and
(D) by the conductor
Jawaban: D. Dibutuhkan pelengkap kalimat pasif yang menggunakan by dan pelaku.
5. The worldwide race to develop an affordable synthetic fuel has so far consumed billions of
dollars and __________ few results.
(A) yielded
(B) yielding
(C) yield ha
(D) has a yield of
Jawaban: A. Kalimat memiliki and yang menunjukkan klausa sebelum dan sesudah and harus
dalam bentuk yang parallel. Dalam soal ini yang parallel adalah bentuk kata kerja: has
consumed and has yielded. Tetapi, has yang kedu aboleh tidka ditulis lagi karena sudha
disebutkan sebelumnya.
6. Experiments in the photography of moving objects __________ in both the United States and
Europe well before 1900.
(A) have been conducting
(B) were conducting
(C) had been conducted
(D) being conducted
Jawaban: C. Ada keterangan waktu bentuk past, maka pilihan C hanya tenses yang berbentuk

past, yaitu past perfect.

7. The University of Georgia, __________ in 1785, was the first state supported university in the
United States.
(A) chartered
(B) was chartered
(C) it was chartered
(D) to be chartered
Jawaban: A. DIbutuhkan appositive atau reduced adjective clause. Bentuk aslinya: which was
chartered. Connector dan to benya dihilangkan dam bentuk reduced form.
8. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once __________
cacti and sagebrush could live.
(A) nor
(B) not the
(C) none other
(D) nothing but
Jawaban: D. Setelah connector where terbentuk klausa baru. Bentuk penulisan pada klausa ini
ada terjadi reduced. Bnetuk aslinya: ..where once there was nothing but cacti and sagebrush
could live.
9. __________, in the late 1800s, some libraries had to keep as many as twenty to thirty copies
of each of Mary Jane Holmess books on hand.
(A) Inventories showing
(B) That show inventories
(C) Inventories show that
(D) Showing the inventories
Jawaban: C. Dibutuhkan subject dan vebr utama kalimat.
10. The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and
validity of what __________.
(A) it is known as human knowledge
(B) is known as human knowledge
(C) known human knowledge
(D) is human knowledge known
Jawaban: B. Ada kata what yang menunjukkan bentuak noun clause. Didepannya diikuti oleh
verb langsung karena subjectnya sama dnegan yang disebutkan sebelumnya.
11. Because of the Aleuts constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized
__________ .

(A) and body needs to be fat

(B) body needs the fat
(C) how fat the body needs
(D) the bodys need for fat
Jawaban: D. Dibutuhkan object.
12. Almost all economists agree __________ by trading with one another.
(A) nations that are gained
(B) nations they gain
(C) gaining nations
(D) that nations gain
Jawaban: D. Dibutuhkan connector, subject dan verb.
13. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for __________ with which
to regulate them.
(A) more accurate than sundials
(B) more accurate sundials
(C) sundials more accurately
(D) more accurately than sundials
Jawaban: B. Menunjukkan comparative tetapi tidak menggunakan than, karena tidak langsung
membandingkan dengan yang lain.
14. Anthropology is a science __________anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and
techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
(A) in that
(B) that in
(C) that
(D) in
Jawaban: A. Dibutuhkan connector karena setelah titik-titik ada subject dan verb.
15. Quasars __________ emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation.
(A) Star-like objects are
(B) Star-like, they are objects
(C) are star-like objects
(D) are they star-like objects
Jawaban: C. Dibutuhkan verb