2015/2016

1
JDC Company
Irresponsible. Only After alerted to the defects, they recalled their products and
updated it to prevent further disadvantage.
Party #2:
Responsible. Despite not related to JDC, they found out about the mistake and
alerted HDC on it.
Integrity. As they do not benefit from the action, they can choose to ignore but they
chose not to and decided to report the matters to the public.
Party #3:
Not Applicable
Duty Ethics:
Party #1

Line Diagram:
PP: After alerted to the report, conduct test on own equipment to determine
whether it is true. Perform updates to correct any error found and recall the product
and alert the public of the issue immediately.
P1: Ignore HH worries and do nothing.
P2: Recall product after defects being publicize and issue update afterwards
NP: Do not issue product recall nor update despite knowing the existence of the
bug.

2
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

There is a bug but it will take more than a month to fix

Contract deadline is in 3 days
Due to increase in penalty, company is unwilling to sacrifice this project
The software is released as is and a fix is sent after a month.
Company adds hundred jobs more due to this work.

There is a bug in the software which will take more than a month to fix. However,
the contract deadline is in 3 days and there may be severe penalty imposed on the
company with the possibility of not able to bid on future projects by government if
this project is delayed. The final decision was made to send the software as is and

the bug was fixed in a future update. This results in hundreds of jobs saved and the
addition of more jobs by the company.
If Engineer A does not sign off the software, it might result in a loss of jobs and
penalty imposed on the company. This causes an ethical dilemma as engineer A
violates its duty to the company. The act utilitarian

Reference
Violation of Canon II.1b, II.1e, III.1a, statement 5 competitive bidding.

The fact that Company X has engaged in competitive bidding when it low-balled
its offer, which resulted in an understaffed and underfunded project is in violation of
NSPE statement 5 in which competitive bidding are prohibited and professional
engineering should strive to provide value added service to differentiate itself from
competitors. Engineer B, being the project manager, is in violation of its ethical
conduct in this sense. Although the project is
The

3
Ai)
Engineer A emphasizes on safety aspect of the flight whereas Engineer B represents
the practical impact of the launch.
For Engineer A, the potential problems may be due to cost. As each delay in launch
cost a substantial sum of money, it might not be financially feasible to wait until all
data is satisfied for the launch. Also the presence of the vice president who is a
strong supporter and the source of funding for NASA may be let down and may
withdraw his support and funds for NASA should there be a lot of delays.
For Engineer B, if data does not show it is unsafe, it might not be safe too. This will
result in potential loss of life on board of the astronauts who are flying off into space
in the shuttle. However, this would be more of a favored route for many who are
only concerned about results.
ii)
I agree with Engineer A although aspect of engineer B should be taken into account.
Although it may be very difficult to attain data that shows that it is safe to launch,
each launch can still be used as a testing ground to gather more data to certify the
flight condition. If only a few conditions for flight shows slight deviation from
certified safe values, the flight can still be allowed to proceed provided that the
astronauts are made known of the fact and willing to take the risk. Voluntary risk are
better than assumed risk. The ideal scenario would be to have all condition meet
the certified safety limits however, certain limits may be required to be relax in
order to meet the requirements.
b) Sustainable development is supported by the Golden Rule

Disagree. Although sustainable development now is gaining tract, it is mainly due to

economic benefits that can be gained from doing so. For example, companies are
adopting it due to meet government regulation, or to gain recognition as people are
becoming aware of sustainable development. If golden rule is applied on
sustainable development, the effect may be ignored as people do not experience
immediately the effect.
ii) Application of golden Rule can lead to paternalism

4)
a) Intellectual Property are creations from the mind which can be owned and
possessed, therefore legally protected.
b) It can be sold, assigned, licensed, mortgaged, consumed and destroyed.
c) When the profits gained is substantial and damages to own is hard to prove.
d)
CopyRight of artwork: Life of the author plus another 70 years thereafter
Sound recording: 70 years after release from end of year
Broadcast: 50 years from end of year after broadcast
Patent: 20 years from date of filing subject to annual renewables starting from end
of 4year
Registered trademarks
For artwork, register the artwork under a company as the life of a company does not
end
For patents, pay the fees for annual renewal from start of 4 year
For trademarks, renew every 10 years
e) it should not be disclosed in any way such as word of mouth, not be commercially
exploited, have not been featured in an article or advertised in press, have not been
demonstrated. If needed, disclose in confidentially agreement.
F) The patent is impractical for commercial purpose, the patent has been
superseded by a more superior process, for the greater good of the community

14/15 sem 2
1
Action
Rule Util

Private Company

Government of Country U

Rule U is satisfied as company

B has applied to the
government for license
according to the rules of the
country.

Rule U is violated as it violated the

treaty in 1967 as what company B
gains only benefits Country U while
it should be benefiting all
countries.
If the material mined can be
argued to be beneficial to all
countries as the material mined
can be sold to these country
allowing these country to obtain
additional source of resources
which would otherwise be still left
on Moon without the approval by
Country U.
Also satisfy Rule-U by making
employment available to Company
B as the excavation of resources
require manpower which company
B would have to employ thus
increasing the economic well-being
of the country

Rights Ethics
Rights of company to earn
money is satisfied as it is the
company rights to pursue
opportunity that can be
economically beneficial to
themselves

Rights is satisfied as it is still within

the country to authorize and
supervise the non-governmental
activities done by company B.
However, rights to the material
obtained by company can be
violated if the material is only
mined and used in only Country U.

Loyalty to country is satisfied

as Company B follows its own
country rules.

Responsibility to other country for

upholding the treaty is satisfied
only if the excavated resources are
also benefitting all country. This
can be in terms of allowing the
sale of resource excavated to the
country or addition of fees

Virtue Ethics

although this may be hard to

uphold.

Point
PP

P1

Sc2
NP

Description
Call a meeting for countries involved in treaty and proposed a
payment plan to an organized group such as UMNO which are
international and acceptable to all parties involved before
approving the application and continue the supervision of
Company B action on the Moon
Approve Company B application and follow just the law of
country U. This results in a lower score due to Company B action
may not necessary follow the purpose of the treaty they signed.
Thus they may violate their right ethics, rule utilitarian ethics
and duty to uphold their agreement to the treaty if they approve
without consideration of the benefits of other country

Score

Approve Company B application and allow Company B to conduct

their activities on the moon without supervision

2
Fact
a) Product is done to Company Y satisfaction
b) A small problem occurs was solved later but proposed solution requires
additional 3% cost
c) Design flaw is an oversight on Company X part

Reference
Principles 2: being honest and impartial
Principles 3: increase competence
Principle 2 states that Engineers have to be honest. Thus if this oversight is on
Company X part, they should immediately tell Company Y

3
4)
a)
Graphics such as pictures content, photographs
Compilation of the website pictures, layout
Source code
b)
No. The act of browsing does not involve intentional copying of the internet resource
into your hardisk.

ii) Generally, forwarding an email that contains copyright material without the
consent of the copyright owner is an infringement because copying is involved.
Unless the request to forward was stated, it constitute infringement of copyright.
c)
1) Search of prior art in patents and publication worldwide.
2) Submit for examination by examiner
3) Patent specification by a patent attorney which includes abstract, detailed
description of invention, drawings and claims
4) file an international application with the patent office in home country
e)
register under a different class from the similar trademark
ensure trademark contains distinctly different features
ensure trademark cause no confusion with similar trademark
ensure use of sign in relation would not indicate connection with the registered
trademark
check if trademark is in use for more than 5 years

1415/sem 1
1
Action
Duty Ethics

Management
Duty to ensure
profitability is satisfied as
it is the management job
to ensure that the
advertisement can be
targeted to increase
profits of the shops, thus
increasing the profits of
the mall.
Duty to ensure security is
not satisfied as minimum
supervision is imposed on
the independent
technology contractor.
The contractor should be
minimally be cleared for
security based job before

General Public

being allowed to operate

the surveillance to
prevent criminal,
terrorists from having a
chance to obtain easy
access to these data.
Rights Ethics
Rights to ensure safety is
satisfied. Real time
monitoring allows
management to provide
more security to popular
areas and deter potential
aggressor.
Rights to management is
satisfied as it is on their
own property that they
set up the surveillance
system.

Rights to privacy violated

due to real time
monitoring of their every
move. Even person
emotion of subject not
related to security are
being assessed and used
for management purpose.
Rights to safe
environment is also
violated due to minimum
supervision of technology
contractor who might use
it for ill intent.

b) Ethics Line
Point
s
PP

P1

Sc1
NP

Description
Ensure that the real time monitoring and surveillance system is only
directed at own premises and for security only purposes. The
operator has received proper training and clearance before allowing
it to monitor the system. Signs must be in prominent place to
inform the general public that the area is being monitored for
security purpose.
Deploy a suitable comprehensive real-time monitoring and
surveillance system which is installed and operated by an
independent technology contractor with rather minimum
supervision by the management of the mall. This unnecessary
intrude on customer privacy if the management also includes
assessing emotion of subject in reaction to the ads they place in the
mall.
Install real time monitoring and ensure that supervision of external
operator until security takes over.
Use the surveillance and real time monitoring system purely for
advertisement targeting purpose and management purpose not for
security and do not notify any people in the mall that there are
cameras in place

Scor
e
0/10

9/10

10/1
0

Virtue ethics
Action
Virtue ethics
Ensure that the real time
monitoring and
surveillance system is
only directed at own
premises and for security
only purposes. The
operator has received
proper training and
clearance before allowing
it to monitor the system.
Signs must be in
prominent place to inform
the general public that
the area is being
monitored for security
purpose.

Management

General public

Responsibility to ensure
secure environment for
customer is ensured.
Honesty to the public is
satisfied due to
prominent signs
informing public of the
existence of camera.

If public which are not

agreeable and kick up a
fuss, they are selfish as
they wish to compromise
the safety of the people
wishing to shop while
they could choose other
malls to go to.

2
3
4
b) I)
II)

Ideas are not protected

Works that are not converted to tangible medium such as books,
website, cd recording.
III)
Works that are not of original authorship
c) 1) Keep the invention a secret until the patent application has been
successfully made.
a. Search of prior art in patents and other publication worldwide
b. Submit for examination by examiner
c. Provide patent specification including abstract, detailed description of
invention, drawings claims
d. Disclose and describe
d) Trademark is done through Madrid Protocol while patent is through the patent
co-operation treaty.
a. Trademark must first be registered or applied for in the country of
origin before initating international application
b. Trademark application must be approved in home country.
c. Not mandatory to apply for application in home country

e) Failure to renew trademark registration can be registered again and paying

the required fees. However a failure to renew a patent will result in the patent
to be lost forever. This is because a patent requires the invention to be new
or novel. The new registered patent would not be new or novel due to the
existence of the previous expired patent. Practically, a patent can result in
loss of income due to competitors able to copy the design in their production
whereas trademark would have no consequence if the trademark is
reregistered.
f)