CARA MEMBACA KODE BEARING

Sebenarnya, materi berikut untuk konsumsi materi training kami tapi coba saya sajikan
mudah-mudahan berguna.
Coba kita lihat angka-angka di bearing. Ada yang dicetak di punggung atau di lingkar luar.
Yang jelas, itu bukan kode buntut, tetapi punya makna alias mengandung arti. Bahkan
ditentukan berdasarkan standar ISO (International Standard Organisation).
Misalkan di laher SKF tertera kode 6301 RSl/C3 MT47. Secara internasional, angka 6
menyatakan laher itu pakai tipe ball bearing (laher model bola),
Lalu, angka 3 menerangkan seri dimensinya. Angka ini menunjukkan 3 hal: diameter, tebal
dan tinggi. Untuk kode contoh di atas, berarti, laher itu berdiameter luar 37 mm dan tebal
punggung 12 mm.
Kemudian angka 01, menunjukkan ukuran lingkar dalam laher 12 mm. Jika ada laher lain
angka ini 00, artinya diameter lingkar dalamnya 10 mm, 01 (12 mm), 02 (15 mm), 03 (17
mm), 04 (20), dan 05 (25 mm).
Rangkaian huruf RS, singkatan dari rubber seal. Artinya, penutup laher yang digunakan
pabriknya, terbuat dari karet. Andai hurufnya Z, berarti penutup dari bahan metal. Diambil
dari simbol Zn. Artinya Zinc alias seng,
Nah, jika laher dilindungi penutup kiri-kanan, di depan huruf tersebut dicantumkan angka
2. Misalnya 2RS atau 2Z. Beberapa laher bikinan Jepang, jenis penutupnya ditandai dengan
huruf LLU. Cuma pihak pabrikannya yang tahu,
Berikutnya kode C3. Simbol ini menandai kerenggangan antara pelor dan dinding punggung
bagian dalam. C3 cocok untuk motor harian,. Makin besar angkanya, berarti toleransi
kerenggangan antarkomponen bearing makin besar pula. Misalkan C3, jika digoyang lebih
ngoklok dibanding C2.
Angka kerenggangan tercantum dari C2, tanpa tanda (kosong), dan sampai C5. Motor
dengan putaran mesin tinggi sebaiknya menggunakan laher dengan kerenggangan C5. Kan
temperatur motor balap jauh lebih tinggi dibanding motor harian. Ketika suhu memuncak,
bola-bola memuai. Posisi menggelinding jadi pas. Tidak sampai macet.
Satuan kerenggangan atau clearance adalah mikron. Satu mikron sama dengan 1/1.000 mm.
Pembanding paling gampang, seperti sehelai rambut dibelah 4,
Terakhir, huruf dan angka menunjukkan jenis pelumas yang pantas dipakai. Misalnya, kode
MT47 seperti pada laher roda. MT singkatan Medium Temperatur. Kemampuan pelumas
bisa bertahan pada suhu 300 sampai 1100 C. Pelumas Shell khusus bearing, unjuk
kerjanya sama dengan kode MT47,. Kalau tidak ada pelumasnya berarti tidak wajib
dilumasi.

memahami arti kode kode pada bearing

Sering kali kita kesulitan menentukan jenis bearing yang akan dipakai untuk motor kita. Ini
dikarenakan banyaknya jenis bearing terdapat pada motor. Untuk memudahkan dalam
pemilihan bearing, maka produsen bearing membuat standar ukuran bearing melalui kode
tertentu. Berikut ini akan dibahas secara singkat mengenai kode yang terdapat pada bearing.
Pada bearing biasanya tertera kode kombinasi antara angka dan huruf. misalnya pada
bearing SKF yang tertera kode 6301 RSI/C3 MT47. Kode tersebut tidak sembarang tulis,
karena ditentukan menggunakan standar ISO.
Angka pertama yaitu "6" mempunyai arti bahwa bearing itu memakai tipe "single row deep
groove ball bearing". Perlu diingat bahwa bila kode pertama adalah angka, berarti bahwa
satuan yang dipakai merupakan satuan metrik, sedangkan bila menggunakan huruf, berarti
menggunakan satuan non metrik (inchi).
Daftar arti kode pertama(jenis bearing):
-untuk satuan metrik
1= self-aligning ball bearing

2= spherical roller bearing

3= double-row angular contact ball bearing
4= double-row ball bearing
5= thrust ball bearing
6= single-row deep groove ball bearing
7= single row angular contact bearing
8= felt seal
32= tapered roller bearing
-untuk satuan non metrik
N= cylindrical roller bearing
NN= double-row roller bearing
NA= needle roller bearing
Sedangkan "3" pada angka kedua menunjukkan dimensi, yaitu diameter, tebal, dan tinggi.
dua angka berikutnya "01" adalah kode dari diameter bagian dalam bearing tersebut.
daftar arti kode ketiga(diameter sisi dalam bearing):
00= 10 mm
01= 12 mm
02= 15 mm
03= 17 mm
04= 20 mm
05= 25 mm
Untuk huruf berikutnya "RSI" adalah simbol bagi penutup yang dipakai.
Daftar arti kode keempat(jenis penutup yang digunakan pada bearing):
Z= zinc(single seal)
2Z= zinc(double seal)
RS= rubber(single seal)
2RS= rubber(double seal)
V= single non-contact seal
VV= double non-contact seal
DDU= double contact seal
NR= snap ring and groove
M= brass cage
Berikutnya adalah kode "C3" ini mengacu pada kerenggangan antara bola baja dan dinding
punggung bagian dalam. Semakin tinggi kode angka yang tertera berarti semakin besar
kerenggangannya.
"MT47" merupakan jenis pelumas yang digunakan pada bearing tersebut.
Demikian yang bisa saya sajikan mudah-mudahan bermanfa'at.
http://fatullahtekno.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/cara-membaca-kode-bearing.html

Ball bearing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For individual balls that are sometimes incorrectly called "ball bearings", see Ball (bearing).

Working principle for a ball bearing (red dots show direction of rotation. It's cageless, but a ball is a noncontact ideal figure.)

A 4-point angular contact ball bearing

A ball bearing with a semi transparent cage

Wingquist's a self-aligning ball bearing

A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation
between the bearing races.
The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. It
achieves this by using at least two races to contain the balls and transmit the loads through the
balls. In most applications, one race is stationary and the other is attached to the rotating
assembly (e.g., a hub or shaft). As one of the bearing races rotates it causes the balls to rotate
as well. Because the balls are rolling they have a much lower coefficient of friction than if two flat
surfaces were sliding against each other.
Ball bearings tend to have lower load capacity for their size than other kinds of rolling-element
bearings due to the smaller contact area between the balls and races. However, they can
tolerate some misalignment of the inner and outer races.
Contents
[hide]

1 History

2 Common designs
o

2.1 Angular contact

2.2 Axial

2.3 Deep-groove

3 Construction types
o

3.1 Conrad

3.2 Slot-fill

3.3 Relieved Race

3.4 Fractured Race

3.5 Rows

3.6 Flanged

3.7 Caged

3.8 Hybrid ball bearings using ceramic balls

3.9 Self-aligning
4 Operating conditions

4.1 Lifespan

4.2 Failure modes

4.3 Maximum load

4.4 Lubrication

4.5 Direction of load

4.6 Avoiding undesirable axial load

4.7 Fit

4.8 Avoiding torsional loads

5 Applications

6 Designation

7 See also

8 References

9 External links

History[edit]
Main article: History of bearings
Although roller bearings had been developed since ancient times, the first modern
recorded patent on ball bearings was awarded to Philip Vaughan, a Welsh inventor
and ironmaster who created the first design for a ball bearing in Carmarthen in 1794. His was the
first modern ball-bearing design, with the ball running along a groove in the axle assembly.[1]
Jules Suriray, a Parisian bicycle mechanic, designed the first radial style ball bearing in 1869,
[2]
which was then fitted to the winning bicycle ridden by James Moore in the world's first bicycle
road race, Paris-Rouen, in November 1869.[3]

Common designs[edit]
There are several common designs of ball bearing, each offering various trade-offs. They can be
made from many different materials, including: stainless steel, chrome steel, and ceramic (silicon
nitride (Si3N4)). A hybrid ball bearing is a bearing with ceramic balls and races of metal.

Angular contact[edit]
An angular contact ball bearing uses axially asymmetric races. An axial load passes in a straight
line through the bearing, whereas a radial load takes an oblique path that tends to want to
separate the races axially. So the angle of contact on the inner race is the same as that on the
outer race. Angular contact bearings better support "combined loads" (loading in both the radial

and axial directions) and the contact angle of the bearing should be matched to the relative
proportions of each. The larger the contact angle (typically in the range 10 to 45 degrees), the
higher the axial load supported, but the lower the radial load. In high speed applications, such as
turbines, jet engines, and dentistry equipment, the centrifugal forces generated by the balls
changes the contact angle at the inner and outer race. Ceramics such as silicon nitride are now
regularly used in such applications due to their low density (40% of steel). These materials
significantly reduce centrifugal force and function well in high temperature environments. They
also tend to wear in a similar way to bearing steelrather than cracking or shattering like glass
or porcelain.
Most bicycles use angular-contact bearings in the headsets because the forces on these
bearings are in both the radial and axial direction.

Axial[edit]
An axial ball bearing uses side-by-side races. An axial load is transmitted directly through the
bearing, while a radial load is poorly supported and tends to separate the races,so that a larger
radial load is likely to damage the bearing.

Deep-groove[edit]
In a deep-groove radial bearing, the race dimensions are close to the dimensions of the balls that
run in it. Deep-groove bearings can support higher loads.

Construction types[edit]
Conrad[edit]
The Conrad-style ball bearing is named after its inventor, Robert Conrad, who was awarded
British patent 12,206 in 1903 and U.S. patent 822,723 in 1906. These bearings are assembled
by placing the inner ring into an eccentric position relative to the outer ring, with the two rings in
contact at one point, resulting in a large gap opposite the point of contact. The balls are inserted
through the gap and then evenly distributed around the bearing assembly, causing the rings to
become concentric. Assembly is completed by fitting a cage to the balls to maintain their
positions relative to each other. Without the cage, the balls would eventually drift out of position
during operation, causing the bearing to fail. The cage carries no load and serves only to
maintain ball position.
Conrad bearings have the advantage that they are able to withstand both radial and axial loads,
but have the disadvantage of lower load capacity due to the limited number of balls that can be
loaded into the bearing assembly. Probably the most familiar industrial ball bearing is the deepgroove Conrad style. The bearing is used in most of the mechanical industries.

Slot-fill[edit]
In a slot-fill radial bearing, the inner and outer races are notched on one face so that when the
notches are aligned, balls can be slipped in the resulting slot to assemble the bearing. A slot-fill
bearing has the advantage that more balls can be assembled (even allowing a full

complement design), resulting in a higher radial load capacity than a Conrad bearing of the same
dimensions and material type. However, a slot-fill bearing cannot carry a significant axial load,
and the slots cause a discontinuity in the races that can have a small but adverse effect on
strength.

Relieved Race[edit]
Relieved race ball bearings are 'relieved' as the name suggests by basically have either the OD
of the inner ring reduced on one side, or the ID of the outer ring increased on one side. This
allows a greater number of balls to be assembled into either the inner or outer race, and then
press fit over the relief. Sometimes the outer ring will be heated to facilitate assembly. Like the
slot-fill construction, relieved race construction allows a greater number of balls than Conrad
construction, up to and including full complement, and the extra ball count gives extra load
capacity. However, a relieved race bearing can only support significant axial loads in one
direction ('away from' the relieved race).

Fractured Race[edit]
Another way of fitting more balls into a radial ball bearing is by radially 'fracturing' (slicing) one of
the rings all the way through, loading the balls in, re-assembling the fractured portion, and then
using a pair of steel bands to hold the fractured ring sections together in alignment. Again, this
allows more balls, including full ball complement, however unlike with either slot fill or relieved
race constructions, it can support significant axial loading in either direction.

Rows[edit]
There are two row designs: single-row bearings and double-row bearings. Most ball bearings are
a single-row design, which means there is one row of bearing balls. This design works with radial
and thrust loads.[4]
A double-row design has two rows of bearing balls. Their disadvantage is they need better
alignment than single-row bearings.

Flanged[edit]
Bearings with a flange on the outer ring simplify axial location. The housing for such bearings can
consist of a through-hole of uniform diameter, but the entry face of the housing (which may be
either the outer or inner face) must be machined truly normal to the hole axis. However such
flanges are very expensive to manufacture. A more cost effective arrangement of the bearing
outer ring, with similar benefits, is a snap ring groove at either or both ends of the outside
diameter. The snap ring assumes the function of a flange.

Caged[edit]
Cages are typically used to secure the balls in a Conrad-style ball bearing. In other construction
types they may decrease the number of balls depending on the specific cage shape, and thus
reduce the load capacity. Without cages the tangential position is stabilized by sliding of two
convex surfaces on each other. With a cage the tangential position is stabilized by a sliding of a
convex surface in a matched concave surface, which avoids dents in the balls and has lower

friction. Caged roller bearings were invented by John Harrison in the mid-18th century as part of
his work on chronographs.[5] Caged bearings were used more frequently during wartime steel
shortages for bicycle wheel bearings married to replaceable cups.

Hybrid ball bearings using ceramic balls[edit]

Ceramic bearing balls can weigh up to 40% less than steel ones, depending on size and
material. This reduces centrifugal loading and skidding, so hybrid ceramic bearings can operate
20% to 40% faster than conventional bearings. This means that the outer race groove exerts less
force inward against the ball as the bearing spins. This reduction in force reduces the friction and
rolling resistance. The lighter balls allow the bearing to spin faster, and uses less energy to
maintain its speed.
While ceramic hybrid bearings use ceramic balls in place of steel ones, they are constructed with
steel inner and outer rings; hence the hybrid designation. While the ceramic material itself is
stronger than steel, it is also stiffer, which results in increased stresses on the rings, and hence
decreased load capacity. Ceramic balls are electrically insulating, which can prevent 'arcing'
failures if current should be passed through the bearing. Ceramic balls can also be effective in
environments where lubrication may not be available (such as in space applications).

Self-aligning[edit]

Wingquist developed self-aligning ball bearing

Self-aligning ball bearings, such as the Wingquist bearing shown in the picture, are constructed
with the inner ring and ball assembly contained within an outer ring that has a spherical raceway.
This construction allows the bearing to tolerate a small angular misalignment resulting from shaft
or housing deflections or improper mounting. The bearing was used mainly in bearing
arrangements with very long shafts, such as transmission shafts in textile factories. [6] One
drawback of the self-aligning ball bearings is a limited load rating, as the outer raceway has very
low osculation (radius is much larger than ball radius). This led to the invention of the spherical
roller bearing, which has a similar design, but use rollers instead of balls. Also the spherical roller
thrust bearing is an invention that derives from the findings byWingquist.

Operating conditions[edit]
Lifespan[edit]
For more details on this topic, see Rolling-element_bearing Bearing_failure.
The calculated life for a bearing is based on the load it carries and its operating speed. The
industry standard usable bearing lifespan is inversely proportional to the bearing load cubed. [citation
needed]
Nominal maximum load of a bearing, is for a lifespan of 1 million rotations, which at 50 Hz
(i.e., 3000 RPM) is a lifespan of 5.5 working hours. 90% of bearings of that type have at least
that lifespan, and 50% of bearings have a lifespan at least 5 times as long. [7]

The industry standard life calculation is based upon the work of Lundberg and Palmgren
performed in 1947. The formula assumes the life to be limited by metal fatigue and that the life
distribution can be described by a Weibull distribution. Many variations of the formula exist that
include factors for material properties, lubrication, and loading. Factoring for loading may be
viewed as a tacit admission that modern materials demonstrate a different relationship between
load and life than Lundberg and Palmgren determined . [7]

Failure modes[edit]
If a bearing is not rotating, maximum load is determined by force that causes plastic deformation
of elements or raceways. The indentations caused by the elements can concentrate stresses and
generate cracks at the components. Maximum load for not or very slowly rotating bearings is
called "static" maximum load.[7]
Also if a bearing is not rotating, oscillating forces on the bearing can cause impact damage to the
bearing race or the rolling elements, known as brinelling. A second lesser form called false
brinelling occurs if the bearing only rotates across a short arc and pushes lubricant out away
from the rolling elements.
For a rotating bearing, the dynamic load capacity indicates the load to which the bearing endures
1,000,000 cycles.
If a bearing is rotating, but experiences heavy load that lasts shorter than one revolution, static
max load must be used in computations, since the bearing does not rotate during the maximum
load.[7]
If a sideways torque is applied to a deep groove radial bearing, an uneven force in the shape of
an ellipse is applied on the outer ring by the rolling elements, concentrating in two regions on
opposite sides of the outer ring. If the outer ring is not strong enough, or if it is not sufficiently
braced by the supporting structure, the outer ring will deform into an oval shape from the
sideways torque stress, until the gap is large enough for the rolling elements to escape. The
inner ring then pops out and the bearing structurally collapses.
A sideways torque on a radial bearing also applies pressure to the cage that holds the rolling
elements at equal distances, due to the rolling elements trying to all slide together at the location
of highest sideways torque. If the cage collapses or breaks apart, the rolling elements group
together, the inner ring loses support, and may pop out of the center.

Maximum load[edit]
In general, maximum load on a ball bearing is proportional to outer diameter of the bearing times
width of bearing (where width is measured in direction of axle).[7]
Bearings have static load ratings. These are based on not exceeding a certain amount of plastic
deformation in the raceway. These ratings may be exceeded by a large amount for certain
applications.

Lubrication[edit]

For a bearing to operate properly, it needs to be lubricated. In most cases the lubricant is based
on elastohydrodynamic effect (by oil or grease) but working at extreme temperatures dry
lubricated bearings are also available.
For a bearing to have its nominal lifespan at its nominal maximum load, it must be lubricated with
a lubricant (oil or grease) that has at least the minimum dynamic viscosity (usually denoted with
the Greek letter ) recommended for that bearing.[7]
The recommended dynamic viscosity is inversely proportional to diameter of bearing. [7]
The recommended dynamic viscosity decreases with rotating frequency. As a rough indication:
for less than 3000 RPM, recommended viscosity increases with factor 6 for a factor 10 decrease
in speed, and for more than 3000 RPM, recommended viscosity decreases with factor 3 for a
factor 10 increase in speed.[7]
For a bearing where average of outer diameter of bearing and diameter of axle hole is 50 mm,
and that is rotating at 3000 RPM, recommended dynamic viscosity is 12 mm/s.[7]
Note that dynamic viscosity of oil varies strongly with temperature: a temperature increase of 50
70 C causes the viscosity to decrease by factor 10.[7]
If the viscosity of lubricant is higher than recommended, lifespan of bearing increases, roughly
proportional to square root of viscosity. If the viscosity of the lubricant is lower than
recommended, the lifespan of the bearing decreases, and by how much depends on which type
of oil being used. For oils with EP ('extreme pressure') additives, the lifespan is proportional to
the square root of dynamic viscosity, just as it was for too high viscosity, while for ordinary oil's
lifespan is proportional to the square of the viscosity if a lower-than-recommended viscosity is
used.[7]
Lubrication can be done with a grease, which has advantages that grease is normally held within
the bearing releasing the lubricant oil as it is compressed by the balls. It provides a protective
barrier for the bearing metal from the environment, but has disadvantages that this grease must
be replaced periodically, and maximum load of bearing decreases (because if bearing gets too
warm, grease melts and runs out of bearing). Time between grease replacements decreases
very strongly with diameter of bearing: for a 40 mmbearing, grease should be replaced every
5000 working hours, while for a 100 mm bearing it should be replaced every 500 working hours.[7]
Lubrication can also be done with an oil, which has advantage of higher maximum load, but
needs some way to keep oil in bearing, as it normally tends to run out of it. For oil lubrication it is
recommended that for applications where oil does not become warmer than 50 C, oil should be
replaced once a year, while for applications where oil does not become warmer than 100 C, oil
should be replaced 4 times per year. For car engines, oil becomes 100 C but the engine has an
oil filter to continually improve oil quality; therefore, the oil is usually changed less frequently than
the oil in bearings.[7]

Direction of load[edit]
Most bearings are meant for supporting loads perpendicular to axle ("radial loads"). Whether they
can also bear axial loads, and if so, how much, depends on the type of bearing.Thrust
bearings (commonly found on lazy susans) are specifically designed for axial loads.[7]

For single-row deep-groove ball bearings, SKF's documentation says that maximum axial load is
circa 50% of maximum radial load, but it also says that "light" and/or "small" bearings can take
axial loads that are 25% of maximum radial load.[7]
For single-row edge-contact ball bearings, axial load can be circa 2 times max radial load, and
for cone-bearings maximum axial load is between 1 and 2 times maximum radial load. [7]
Often Conrad style ball bearings will exhibit contact ellipse truncation under axial load. What that
means is that either the ID of the outer ring is large enough, or the OD of the inner ring is small
enough, so as to reduce the area of contact between the balls and raceway. When this is the
case, it can significantly increase the stresses in the bearing, often invalidating general rules of
thumb regarding relationships between radial and axial load capacity. With construction types
other than Conrad, one can further decrease the outer ring ID and increase the inner ring OD to
guard against this.
If both axial and radial loads are present, they can be added vectorially, to result in total load on
bearing, which in combination with nominal maximum load can be used to predict lifespan.
[7]
However, in order to correctly predict the rating life of ball bearings the ISO/TS 16281 should
be used with the help of a calculation software.

Avoiding undesirable axial load[edit]

The part of a bearing that rotates (either axle hole or outer circumference) must be fixed, while
for a part that does not rotate this is not necessary (so it can be allowed to slide). If a bearing is
loaded axially, both sides must be fixed.[7]
If an axle has two bearings, and temperature varies, axle shrinks or expands, therefore it is not
admissible for both bearings to be fixed on both their sides, since expansion of axle would exert
axial forces that would destroy these bearings. Therefore, at least one of bearings must be able
to slide.[7]
A 'freely sliding fit' is one where there is at least a 4 m clearance, presumably because surfaceroughness of a surface made on a lathe is normally between 1.6 and 3.2 m.[7]

Fit[edit]
Bearings can withstand their maximum load only if the mating parts are properly sized. Bearing
manufacturers supply tolerances for the fit of the shaft and the housing so that this can be
achieved. The material and hardness may also be specified.[7]
Fittings that are not allowed to slip are made to diameters that prevent slipping and consequently
the mating surfaces cannot be brought into position without force. For small bearings this is best
done with a press because tapping with a hammer damages both bearing and shaft, while for
large bearings the necessary forces are so great that there is no alternative to heating one part
before fitting, so that thermal expansion allows a temporary sliding fit. [7]

Avoiding torsional loads[edit]

If a shaft is supported by two bearings, and the center-lines of rotation of these bearings are not
the same, then large forces are exerted on the bearing that may destroy it. Some very small
amount of misalignment is acceptable, and how much depends on type of bearing. For bearings
that are specifically made to be 'self-aligning', acceptable misalignment is between 1.5 and 3
degrees of arc. Bearings that are not designed to be self-aligning can accept misalignment of
only 210 minutes of arc.[7]

Applications[edit]
In general, ball bearings are used in most applications that involve moving parts. Some of these
applications have specific features and requirements:

Hard drive bearings used to be highly spherical, and were said to be the best spherical
manufactured shapes, but this is no longer true, and more and more are being replaced
with fluid bearings.

German ball bearing factories were often a target of allied aerial bombings during World
War II; such was the importance of the ball bearing to the German war industry.[8]

In horology, the company Jean Lassale designed a watch movement that used ball
bearings to reduce the thickness of the movement. Using 0.20 mm balls, the Calibre 1200
was only 1.2 mm thick, which still is the thinnest mechanical watch movement.[9]

Aerospace bearings are used in many applications on commercial, private and military
aircraft including pulleys, gearboxes and jet engine shafts. Materials include M50 tool steel
(AMS6491), Carbon chrome steel (AMS6444), the corrosion resistant AMS5930, 440C
stainless steel, silicon nitride (ceramic) and titanium carbide-coated 440C.

Skateboard wheels each contain two bearings, which are subject to both axial and radial
time-varying loads. Most commonly bearing 608-2Z is used (a deep groove ball bearing from
series 60 with 8 mm bore diameter)

Yo-Yos, there are ball bearings in the center of many new, ranging from beginner to
professional or competition grade Yo-Yos.

Designation[edit]
Main article: Rolling-element bearing > Designation
The ball size increases as the series increases, for any given inner diameter or outer diameter
(not both). The larger the ball the greater the load carrying capacity. Series 200 and 300 are the
most common.[4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_bearing

Spherical roller bearing

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Spherical roller bearing with a brass cage in a cut-through view.

A spherical roller bearing is a rolling-element bearing that permits rotation with low friction, and
permits angular misalignment. Typically these bearings support a rotating shaft in the [bore] of
the inner ring that may be misaligned in respect to the outer ring. The misalignment is possible
due to the spherical internal shape of the outer ring and spherical rollers. [1]Despite what their
name may imply, spherical roller bearings are not truly spherical in shape. The rolling elements of
spherical roller bearings are mainly cylindrical in shape, but have a profile that makes them
appear like cylinders that have been slightly over inflated. [2]
Contents
[hide]

1 Construction

2 History

3 Designs

4 Dimensions

5 Materials

6 Manufacturers

7 Applications

8 See also

9 References

Construction[edit]
Spherical roller bearings consist of an inner ring with two raceways inclined at an angle to the
bearing axis, an outer ring with a common spherical raceway, spherical rollers, cages and, in
certain designs, also internal guide rings or center rings. The bearings can also be sealed.

History[edit]
The spherical roller bearing was invented by engineer Arvid Palmgren [3] and was introduced on
the market 1919 by SKF.[4] The design of the bearing that Arvid Palmgren invented is similar to
the design that is still in use in modern machines.

Designs[edit]

Two row-spherical roller bearing with central flange

Single row-spherical roller bearing (Barrel bearing)

Most spherical roller bearings are designed with two rows of rollers, allowing them to take very
heavy radial loads and heavy axial loads. There are also designs with one row of rollers, suitable
for lower radial loads and virtually no axial load. These are also called "barrel roller bearings" or
"Tonnenlager" and are typically available in the 202- and 203-series. [5]
The internal design of the bearing is not standardised by ISO, so it varies between different
manufacturers and different series. Some features that may or may not exist in different bearings
are:

Lubrication features in inner or outer ring

Central flange

Guide ring or center ring

Integrated seals

Cage

Dimensions[edit]
External dimensions of spherical roller bearings are standardised by ISO in the standard ISO
15:1998. [6] Some of the common series of spherical roller bearings are: [7]

213

222

223

230

231

232

238

239

240

241

248

249

Materials[edit]
Bearing rings and rolling elements can be made of a number of different materials, but the most
common is "chrome steel", (High carbon chromium) a material with approximately 1.5% chrome
content. Such "chrome steel" has been standardized by a number of authorities, and there are
therefore a number of similar materials, such as: AISI 52100 (USA), 100CR6 (Germany), SUJ2
(Japan) and GCR15 (China).[8]
Some common materials for bearing cages:[9]

Sheet steel (stamped or laser-cut)

Polyamide (injection molded)

Brass (stamped or machined)

Steel (machined)

The choice of material is mainly done by the manufacturing volume and method. For largevolume bearings, cages are often of stamped sheet-metal or injection molded polyamide,
whereas low volume manufacturers or low volume series often have cages of machined brass or
machined steel. For some specific application, special material for coating (e.g. PTFE coated
cylindrical bore for vibratory application) is adopted.

Manufacturers[edit]
Some manufacturers of spherical roller bearings are SKF, Schaeffler, Timken Company, NSK
Ltd., NTN Corporation and JTEKT.
Since SKF introduced the spherical roller bearing in 1919, spherical roller bearing manufacturers
have purposefully been refined through the decades to improve carrying capacity and to reduce
operational fricition. This has been possible by playing with a palette of parameters such as
materials, internal geometry, tolerance and lubricant. Nowadays, spherical roller bearing
manufacturers are striving to refine the bearing knowledge towards more environmentallyfriendly and energy-efficient solution.

Applications[edit]
Spherical bearings are used in countless industrial applications, where there are heavy loads,
moderate speeds and possibly misalignment. Some common application areas are: [4][10]

Gearboxes

Wind turbines

Continuous casting machines

Material handling

Pumps

Mechanical fans and blowers

Mining and construction equipment

Pulp and paper processing equipment

Marine propulsion and offshore drilling

Off highway vehicle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_roller_bearing

Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearings

Double Row Angular Contact ball bearings have two rows of balls
arranged back-to-back. The lines of action of the load at the contact between balls
and raceways (load lines) diverge at the bearing axis and form an angle of 30 to the
radial plane. In essence, they work similarly to having a matched pair of Single Row
Angular Contact ball bearings either face-to-face or back-to-back. The difference is
that Double Row Angular Contact ball bearings can take a bi-directional axial load
in one bearing where it takes a matched pair otherwise. This means the bearings are
particularly suitable for accommodating simultaneously acting radial load and axial
load in both directions. They are also available with seals or shields.
Double Row Angular Contact ball bearings may offer some economic benefits as well
as handling and mounting benefits versus pairs of Single Row Angular Contact ball
bearings; however, they may offer less design flexibility and performance in some
cases.
Double Row Angular Contact ball bearings are available in two numerical series:

5200 Series Lighter load, higher speed, more/smaller balls per bore
diameter.

5300 Series Heavier load, slower speed, fewer/larger balls per bore
diameter.

If you need help in selecting the best products for your particular application, please
remember that design engineering and application assistance are available from AST
as part of our value-added services designed to make your job easier.
Click here to go to our online catalog and product specifier for Double Row Angular
Contact Bearings including free CAD downloads.

http://www.astbearings.com/double-row-angular-contact.html

Double row ball bearings

When a single row isnt enough

Featuring deep uninterrupted raceways and high conformity between the balls and raceways, SKF double
row deep groove ball bearings can carry radial and axial loads in both directions.
When load-carrying capacity of a single row bearing is inadequate, SKF double row deep groove ball
bearings offer a highly suitable alternative. While they have the same outside and bore diameters as
single row bearings, these double row bearings are slightly wider and offer considerably higher load
carrying capacity than single row bearings.

http://www.skf.com/pk/industry-solutions/cars-and-light-trucks/engine/engineblock/double-row-ball-bearings/index.html

Thrust ball bearings

SKF thrust ball bearings are manufactured as single direction or double direction thrust ball bearings.
They are designed to accommodate axial loads only and must not be subjected to any radial load.
SKF thrust ball bearings are separable, i.e. the shaft washer, housing washer(s), ball and cage
assembly(s) can be mounted separately.
Shaft washers have a ground bore to enable an interference fit. The bore of the housing washer is
turned and always larger than the shaft washer bore.

Single direction thrust ball bearings

Single direction thrust ball bearing

SKF single direction thrust ball bearings consist of a shaft washer, a housing washer and a ball and cage
assembly (fig. 1). As their name implies, single direction thrust ball bearings can accommodate axial
loads and locate a shaft axially, in one direction only.

fig. 1

Double direction thrust ball bearings

Double direction thrust ball bearing

SKF double direction thrust ball bearings consist of one shaft washer, two housing washers and two ball
and cage assemblies (fig. 2). The housing washers and ball and cage assemblies of double direction
bearings are identical to those used in single direction bearings. Double direction thrust ball bearings can
accommodate axial loads and locate a shaft axially, in both directions.

fig. 2

Cages
Depending on their series and size, SKF thrust ball bearings are fitted with one of the cages shown
in table 1.
The lubricants generally used for rolling bearings do not have a detrimental effect on cage properties.
For additional information about the suitability of cages, refer to Cages and Cage materials.

Bearings with sphered housing washers

To accommodate initial misalignment between the shaft and housing, SKF supplies both single and
double direction thrust ball bearings with sphered seat surfaces on the housing washers (fig. 3). They
can be used together with a sphered seat washer adjacent to the housing washer (fig. 4 and fig. 5) or
adjacent to a machine component manufactured with a sphered surface.

fig. 3

fig. 4

fig. 5

Appropriate sphered seat washers must be ordered separately ( product tables). Depending on the
bearing series, they have the basic designation U 2, U 3 or U 4 followed by a two-digit number, which
identifies the size (e.g. sphered seat washer U 320 for bearing 53320).

http://www.skf.com/in/products/bearings-units-housings/ball-bearings/thrust-ballbearings/index.html

pics
http://www.cnsbearings.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=538634732
http://www.weiku.com/products/9516560/SKF_Thrust_ball_bearings_51114.html
http://www.gizmology.net/bearings.htm