Civ2810 - Concrete

Stage
Design

Construction Sequence

Tasks Options - Factors

Design for Dead and Live Loads
Design includes Dimensions, Reinforcement,
Concrete Strength
An understanding of the design process helps in
construction

Components and End Products

Drawings showing
Reinf Bar Type, Diameters and Spacing,
Cover, Lap Lengths, Lay Sequence
Concrete Strength (at 28 Days)

Steel Scheduling
and Processing

Can be done by either designer, contractor or steel

supplier

Schedule specifies N,R bars

Sometimes S Bars
Processing = bending plus cogs, hooks,
cranks, joggles

Formwork

Separate topic

Frame, Jack, Bearer, Joist

Form, Waler, Soldier, Brace, Shore, Trishore

Reinforcement
Steel Fixing

Reinf Chairs
Reinf Steel incl
Beam Top & Btm Steel plus Beam Ties
Slab Top & Btm Steel
Column Main Steel & Ties

Pour concrete

Test

needs adequate cover to reinf for durability BUT

also effective depth of concrete (top for +ve
bending bottom for ve bending)
needs adequate lap lengths

Mix on site
Shute from Truck
Pump via hose minimum 50mm internal
diameter
Boom Pump
Vibration, Screeding, Float,

Test (optional dependent on project)

For Exam purposes - Construction phase tasks are items 2,3,4,5. and you should know
(1) what is involved in each task
(2) what equipment is involved in each task
(3) what materials are generally required at each stage and the function of each material

Engineer Duties
Design

Inspection what to look

for ?
The purpose of inspection
is to cause the
construction to satisfy the
intent of the designer

Types of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Built in Materials
Slab on Ground
(incl integrated beams)

Suspended Slab &

Suspended Beams

(see typical Dwgs and Photos)

Equipment & Materials

(not built in)
Form

Comments & Notes

Frame Supports (eg. Shore

Formwork designed for strength to support wet concrete and

Reinforcing Mesh (Typical

SL82,SL81,Trench Mesh eg 8TM4)

Reinforcing Bars (N bars)
Ligatures/Fitments (N and R bars)
Chairs (Plastic and Steel)
Builders Plastic (eg.200micron)
Granular sublayer

Reinforcing Mesh (egSL82,SL81)

Main Reinforcing Bars (N bars)
Ligatures/Fitments (N and R bars)
Chairs (Plastic and Steel)

Frames)
Jacks (Top U Head &
Bottom Baseplate)
Bearers & Joists
Formply
Props

construction load incl vibration.

Bottom & top cover to reinforcement for durability (corrosion

resistance).
Bottom & top cover for strength design compliance (effective depth

measured from reinf steel to outer face of compression zone see

classroom explanation)
- Positive Moment = Compression zone is above reinf steel
- Negative Moment = Compression Zone is below reinf steel
May require pre-camber (hog)

Columns (Cylindrical,
Square or Rectangular)

Main Reinforcing Bars (N bars)

Fitments (N and R bars may be

Column form

Formwork (high pressure at base)

Cover to reinforcement

Formply
Walers
Soldiers

Formwork (high pressure at base)

Cover to reinforcement

helical for Cylindrical Columns)

Chairs (Plastic and Steel)

Walls

Reinforcing Bars (N & R bars)

Chairs (Steel Preferred)
Wall Ties

Miscellaneous Notes: In all structures . Cover Distance , Lap/Splice Length, Tension Development Length, Minimum Bar Spacing

For Exam purposes - You should know

(1) the construction materials involved in each task and the function of each material
(2) the construction equipment involved in each task