1.

ASSIGNMENT : C++ PROGRAMMING

WHO IS WRITTEN THE C++ ?

Bjarne Stroustrup was born in Aarhus, Denmark, in 1950. He received a master's in
mathematics from Aarhus University in 1975 and a PhD in computer science from
Cambridge University in 1979.
Stroustrup then joined Bell Labs' Computer Science Research Center in Murray Hill,
New Jersey, where he designed and implemented C++. This language, based on C
and inspired by Simula, provides a set of general and flexible abstraction mechanisms
that can be mapped directly and efficiently onto computer hardware. C++
revolutionized the software industry by enabling a variety of software development
techniques-including object-oriented programming, generic programming, and
general resource management-to be deployed at scale. For more than two decades,
C++ has been among the most widely used programming languages, with
applications in areas including general systems programming, communications,
computer graphics, games, user-interfaces, embedded systems, financial systems,
avionics, and scientific computation. The influence of C++ and the ideas it pioneered
and popularized are clearly visible far beyond the C++ community.
Over the next decades, Stroustrup guided the further evolution of C++ through his
involvement in its ISO standards effort, his books, and his many academic and
popular papers.
Stroustrup is a managing director in the technology division of Morgan Stanley in New
York City, a visiting professor at Columbia University, and a Distinguished Research
Professor at Texas A&M University (where he taught for a decade). His research
interests include design, programming techniques, distributed systems, performance,
reliability, and maintainability.
His honors include: ACM's Grace Murray Hopper Award (1993), member of the US
National Academy of Engineering (2004), Sigma Xi's William Procter Prize for
Scientific Achievement (2005), and Aarhus University's Rigmor og Carl HolstKnudsens Videnskapspris (2010). He is a Fellow of IEEE and ACM.

Design and programming are human activities; forget that and all is lost.

2. STATE STATEMENTS BELOW AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE APPLICATION IN C++

a. GO TO
THE GO TO STATEMENT UNCONDITIONALLY TRANSFERS CONTROL TO THE
STATEMENT LABELED BY THE SPECIFIED INDENTIFIER. THE LABEL MUST BE IN THE
CURRENT FUNCTION. ALL INDENTIFIER NAME ARE MEMBERS OF INTERNAL
NAMESPACE ANF THEREFORE DO NOT INTERFERE WITH OTHER IDENTIFIERS.
EXAMPLE: SYNTAX goto indentifier;
b. WHILE
EXECUTES STATEMENT REPEATEDLY UNTIL EXPRESSION EVALUATES TO
ZERO.EXAMPLE: SYNTAX
while (expression )
statement
c. BREAK AND CONTINUE
BREAK STATEMENT ENDS EXECUTION OF THE NEAREST ENCLOSING LOOP OR
CONDITIONAL STATEMENT IN WHICH IT APPEARS. CONTROL PASSES TO TE
STATEMENT THAT FOLLLOWS THE END OF THE STATEMENT, IF ANY.EXAMPLE:
SYNTAX break;
CONTINUE STATEMENT FORCES TRANSFER OF CONTROL TO THE CONTROLLING
EXPRESSION OF THE SMALLEST ENCLOSING do, for, OR while LOOP.EXAMPLE:
SYNTAX continue;
d. WHILE TRUE
WHILE TRUE MEANS THAT THE LOOP WILL LITERATE FOREVER, UNLESS SOME
COMMAND INSIDE THE LOOP FORCES THE LOOP TO END.
e. DO/WHILE
IN A DO OR WHILE LOOP, THE NEXT ITERATION STARTS BY REEVALUATING THE
CONTROLLING EXPRESSION OF THE DO OR WHILE STATEMENT.
f. JUMP/LOOP
JUMP STATEMENT PERFORMS AN IMMEDIATE LOCAL TRANSFER OF
CONTROL.EXAMPLE: SYNTAX return [expression];
LOOP STATEMENT REPEATEDLY EXCUTES A TARGET STATEMENT AS LONG AS A
GIVEN CONDITION IS TRUE.EXAMPLE: SYNTAX
while(condition)
{
Statement(s);
}
g. IF/ELSE
IF TO SPECIFY THE CONDITION YOU SIMPLY WRITE ONE VALUE (EITHER A VARIABLE
OR CONSTANT), THEN THE COMPARISON OPERATOR YOU WANT TO COMPARE THEM
WITH.