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2007, Ethertronics
4,000,000
WiFi
GPS
3,500,000
Bluetooth
Main Cellular
3,000,000
WiFi
U n it V o lu m e
2,500,000
2,000,000
Most popular
features with
highest attach rates
Bluetooth - 50%
GPS - 25%
GPS
1,500,000
Bluetooth
1,000,000
Main Cellular
500,000
Source Gartner
2005
2007, Ethertronics
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
71 cubic cm
75 cubic cm
56 cubic cm
55 cubic cm
Industry Trendline
Cell Phone Volumes
2004
2005
2006
Avg Phone
Volume
131 cu.cm
122 cu.cm
106 cu.cm
2007, Ethertronics
Design Challenges
WCDMA antenna
Cell antenna
BT antenna
WLAN antenna
Antenna collocation
Diversity or different applications
Example: Bluetooth and WiFi integration
2007, Ethertronics
Antenna Requirements
2007, Ethertronics
Return
Loss
Benchmark phone
required 25 dB of
isolation to meet
OEM performance
specifications
Isolation
GPS
2007, Ethertronics
Bluetooth
7
f
antenna mode volume
= K
3
f
(radio wavelength)
Given constraints on design space, how should one compare
two antennas when their antenna mode volume will
become altered as part of the mechanical design?
How close is the nearest metal object?
Should coupling effects and consequences be considered?
2007, Ethertronics
Antenna Requirements
Smaller antennas in close proximity
With high efficiency above 40% threshold
Well-controlled radiation resist performance changes
(good for customer as well as designer)
Immunity to other frequencies or diversity antennas
GPS separation from UMTS-1700, sharing of 2.4 GHz
Key Factors
2007, Ethertronics
Isolation
Selectivity
9
2007, Ethertronics
10
11
efficiency, %
100
Ethertronics
90
Sample 1
80
Sample 2
70
Sample 3
60
50
Problem Area
Overlap with UMTS,
AWS Band
40
30
20
10
0
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
1650
1675
1700
frequency, MHz
12
Ceramic
GPS Antenna
Test Bed
2007, Ethertronics
13
At 3 distances
3, 6 and 9mm apart
Calculate Volume/Area
Device size
3mm
6mm
9mm
shield can
separation
Keep-out zone is 3D
2007, Ethertronics
15
70
60
50
40
30
Ethertronics
20
Sample 1
Sample 2
10
Sample 3
0
0
12
15
16
Efficiency
15%
150
125
Ethertronics
100
Sample 1
75
Sample 2
Sample 3
50
70%
25
40%
60%
0
0
12
15
17
2007, Ethertronics
Position 4
Position 2
Position 3
Position 1
Board Area
40mm x 80mm
18
100
90
80
efficiency, %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
frequency, MHz
19
Ethertronics - Position 1
90
80
efficiency, %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
frequency, MHz
ro
un
d
C
le
To
ar
ta
an
lP
ce
C
B
(G
Sh
A
C
r
)
ie
ea
ld
R
ea Ca
lP nO
C
B ffse
A
A
re t
nt
a
en
na
's
Vo
M
lu
ea
m
su
e
re
d
Ef
fic
ie
nc
y
W1
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
10
20
1.5
ET BT & GPS
ET GPS only
14
1.3
10
1.3
L1
96
60
48
336
1,344
156
624
70
105
80
60
140
182
112
146
65%
77%
46%
Observations
Limited Isolation from its environment; significant perf changes
High Gain, but poor GPS band selectivity; need BPF
Low Efficiency, stable performance, single location usage
68%
68%
Use L2 and W 2
W2
L2
Keep-out
Area
Antenna L
1
W1
Samples 1 & 2
H
ET & Sample 3
Circuit Board
4.5mm gap
Quad Band Antenna
Peak Efficiency
GPS over 68%
Bluetooth over 50%
2007, Ethertronics
Ceramic version
improves key results
by approx 4 dB
GPS isolation
2007, Ethertronics
Conclusion
Smaller and more complex phone designs make
antenna design more challenging.
IMD technology allows smaller designs and better
performance in densely populated volumes.
IMDs isolation and selectivity allow integration of
multiple antennas in a single ceramic block.
Ceramic IMD antennas demonstrate ideal
characteristics for next-generation products.
2007, Ethertronics
25