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1.
(a)
(i)
(b)
(ii)
OR
(i)
(ii)
increase in temperature:
(position of ) equilibrium goes to the right (1)
as endothermic left to right (1)
on the addition of sodium propanaoate
the position of equilibrium goes to left (1)
higher concentration of / more propanoate ions
or
sodium propanoate produces propanoate ions (1)
14
start pH 2 to 4 (1)
12
(i)
at 25 cm3 (1)
10
(ii)
20
30
40
50
(d)
(i)
(ii)
2
[19]
et
2.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
C2 H6 (g) + (302 )
H=heat of formation
(iii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iv)
(d)
one electron goes to the carbon atom (to form a radical) (1)
the other goes to form a bond with the chlorine atom (1)
The second point could be shown on the diagram on the question paper
Cl + Cl Cl2
or CH3CH2 + CH3CH2 C4H10
or Cl + CH3CH2 CH3CH2Cl (1)
break CH
+ 412
make HBr
366 (1)
H = + 46 (kJ mol1) (1)
Correct answer with no working (2)
et
(e)
(from expt 1 & 2:/ [CN] const ) [C2H5Br] doubles, rate doubles
1st order wrt C2H5Br (1)
(from expt 1 & 3:/ [C2H5Br] const) [CN] doubles, rate doubles
1st order wrt CN (1)
Rate = k[CN][C2H5Br] (1)
The rate equation is consequential on the answers to the first part of the section
(f)
(i)
Uncatalysed
Catalysed
reactants
(ii)
products
3
[24]
3.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
KOH/NaOH (1)
ethanol/alcoholic/ specified alcohol (1)
heat (under reflux) (1)
If use aqueous maximum 1 mark
If use aqueous alcohol max 2 marks
LiAlH4 (1)
dry ether (1)
(iii)
(i)
2,4d n.p. ; carbonyl/ C=O group / aldehyde and ketone / aldehyde or ketone (1)
not just aldehyde or just ketone
Ag+/NH3 ; aldehyde /CHO group (1)
PCl5 ; OH group /.acid and alcohol / acid or alcohol (1)
not just alcohol
Br2 (aq);
(c)
(i)
CH 3CH 2 CH 2 CHO
CH 3CHCH 3
CHO
P
(1)
(1)
et
CH
CH 2
(ii)
H 2C
CH
C
Q
CH 3
H
C
OH
CH 3
HO
CH 3
COOH
C
S
H
CH 3
H
C
COOH
2
[17]
et