Hct.

(hematocrit)
The proportion of the blood that consists of packed red blood cells. The
hematocrit is expressed as a percentage by volume.
e.g.
The normal ranges for the hematocrit are dependant on the age, adolescence,
the sex of the individual.

HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn) o fetal

erythroblastosis

Abnormal breakup of red blood cells in the fetus or newborn.

e.g.
erythroblastosis fetalis are find hemolytic anemia in the fetus

Hirschsprung's disease or Hirschsprung disease (HD)

Hirschsprung's disease or Hirschsprung disease (HD), also called congenital
megacolon or congenital aganglionic megacolon, is a form of megacolon that
occurs when part or all of the large intestine or antecedent parts of the
gastrointestinal tract have no ganglion cells and therefore cannot function.
e.g.
the girl mara has Hirschsprung's disease

IEM (inborn error of metabolism)

Are rare genetic disorders in which the body cannot properly turn food into
energy
e.g.

Newborn screening tests can identify some of these disorders of IEM

IHPS (infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis)

is condition is caused by diffuse hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the smooth
muscle of the antrum of the stomach and pylorus. It usually occurs in infants
aged 2-8 weeks.
e.g.
IHPS has a incidence is variable.

IMCU (intermediate medical care unit)

A transitional unit for patients from critical care units that provides close
monitoring and provision of noncritical care before discharge.
e.g.
Rose's daughter is in the intermediate care unit

IPP (intermittent positive pressure)

A mechanical method for assisting pulmonary ventilation with a device that
administers air or oxygen for the inflation of the lungs under positive pressure.
Exhalation is usually passive.
e.g.
Lucia's son is connected to a ventilator for IPP

IRSD (infant respiratory distress syndrome)

also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, is a syndrome in premature
infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and
structural immaturity in the lungs.

e.g.
IRDS is leading cause of neonatal death that are provoked for

respiratory

distress.

IUD (intrauterine death)

Intrauterine fetal demise is the clinical term for the death of a baby in the uterus,
during pregnancy and before birth. The term is usually used for pregnancy
losses that happen after the 20th week of gestation.
e.g.
In intrauterine death may have growth restriction

IUGR (intra-uterine growth retardation)

refers to a condition in which an unborn baby is smaller than it should be
because it is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb.
e.g.
IUGR causes low birth weight in neonate

iv; o i/v; o IV (intravenous)

pertaining to, employed in, or administered by injection into a vein of
an intravenous solution.
e.g.

carla's son receives intravenous fluids

LBW (low birth weight)

is defined as a birth weight of a liveborn infant of less than 2,500 g regardless

of gestational age
e.g.
BPN we can find in children of underdeveloped countries

MAP (mean airway pressure)

MAP the average pressure generated during the respiratory cycle
e.g.
MAP can be by decreased cardiac output

MAS (meconium aspiration syndrome)

MAS occurs when a newborn baby breathes a mixture of meconium and
amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery. It is a serious condition.
e.g.
the meconium aspiration syndrome presents with symptoms of cyanosis and
difficulty breathing

MGV (midgut volvulus)

Midgut volvulus is a condition in which the intestine has become twisted as a
result of malrotation of the intestine during fetal development.
e.g.
Midgut volvulus

is produced in patients that are predisposed because of

congenital intestinal malrotation.

Microphthalmia:
Microphthalmia is an eye abnormality that arises before birth. In this condition,
one or both eyeballs are abnormally small.
e.g.
Microphthalmia may be caused by environmental factors

Mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse is a common cause of a heart murmur caused by a "leaky"
heart valve. Most cases of mitral valve prolapse are not serious and only need
to be monitored.
e.g.
child of mary has mitral valve prolapse
Ana and her son visit to the pediatrician by Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) in
Infants

MOF (multiple organ failure)

is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to
achieve homeostasis
e.g.
Multiple organ failure has mortality varies from 30% to 100%

NB; o nb (newborn)

Relating to the period immediately succeeding birth and continuing through the
first 28 days of extrauterine life.
e.g

Julio plots to send his newborn to a far-off planet

ND o NDD (neonatal death)
death of a liveborn infant within the first 28 days of life
e.g
Neonatal death and postneonatal mortality know the Infant Mortality Rate

Neonate
Relating to the period immediately succeeding birth and continuing through the
first 28 days of extrauterine life.
e.g.
Mary's baby is a neonate 12 days

neonatology
a branch of medicine concerned with the care, development, and diseases of
newborn infants
e.g.
John works in the area of neonatology

NGT; or NG tube (naso-gastric tube)

A tube that is passed through the nose and down through the nasopharynx and
esophagus into the stomach. Abbreviated NG tube.
e.g.
the NGT a tube inserted through the nose and extending into the stomach
NNE (neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis)

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory intestinal disease of

newborn infants.
e.g.
NEC have a Mortality rate around 20-30%
NPO (nulla per os)
is a medical instruction meaning to withhold oral food and fluids from a patient
for various reasons. It is a Latin phrase whose usual English expansion is
nothing by mouth.
e.g.
the son of John has as prescription NOP
NTD (neural tube defect)
any of various congenital defects (as anencephaly and spina bifida) caused by
incomplete closure of the neural tube during the early stages of embryonic
development
e.g.
Mario's son presents spina bifida as a neural tube defect
OFC (occipito-frontal circumference)
Head circumference is a measurement of a child's head around its largest area.
It measures the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the
back of the head.
e.g.
the OFC

measured the distance in centimeters or inches of the head of

children
OI (oxygenation index)

A measure of the efficiency of oxygen exchange by the lungs. The index is used
in critical care medicine to assess the severity of acute lung injury and to gauge
the effectiveness of ventilator management strategies.
e.g.
the calculate the OI given by FiO2, mean airway pressure and PaO2
ORT (oral rehydration therapy)

is a fluid replacement strategy used to prevent or treat dehydration. Dehydration

is most commonly caused by diarrhea
e.g.
school children receive oral rehydration therapy by gastroenteritis
PA (pulmonary atresia)
Pulmonary atresia is a form of heart disease that occurs from birth, in which the
pulmonary valve does not form properly.
e.g.
Pulmonary atresia may occur with or without a ventricular septal defect

PDA (patent ductus arteriosum)

PDA is a persistent opening between two major blood vessels leading from the
heart. The opening, It's called a patent ductus arteriosus.
e.g.
He son of John present ductus arteriosus

Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum (The peritoneum is the tissue layer of cells lining
the inner wall of the abdomen and pelvis).
e.g.
Alberto goes to the pediatrician for peritonitis
PKU (phenylketonuria)

A genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn

phenylalanine

into

tyrosine

results

in

an

accumulation

of

phenylalanine in the body fluids

e.g.
the phenylketonuria provokes various degrees of mental deficiency
PS (pulmonary stenosis)
Pulmonary valve stenosis usually occurs when the pulmonary valve doesn't
grow properly during fetal development
e.g.
Pulmonary stenosis have as cause that the pulmonary valve is too tight