KERTAS 2

BAHAGIAN A
SOALAN 1

TOTAL
Marks

12

SOALAN 2

SOALAN 3

SOALAN 4

SOALAN 5
Num
5(a)

Mark Scheme
Able to name corectly R dan S

Mark

Answer:
R : Tendon
S : Ball and socket joint
5(b)

1
1

Able to explain the function of X muscle, Y muscle and R in

action to straighten the arm
Suggested answer:
F : Muscle X and muscle Y act as an antogonistic pair
P1 : Muscle Y / triseps contract while muscle X / biseps was
relaxes
P2 : to transfer the force by tendon / R tissue to the bone
P3: (Tendon is inelastic and tough) pulled the ulna bone
downward (and caused the forearm is straighten)

5 (c)

1
1

Max
3

1
1

Able to state the importance of skeletal part in movement

Suggested answer:
P1: provides surface area for muscle attachment
P2: form the joints that enable the bone to move and allowing
movement
P3: support the body / forearm weight

5( e )

1
1

Able to explain why muscle work in pairs to produced movement

Suggested answer:
F: The muscle can only contract / pull out
P: It has to be extended back to it original lenght (to contract
again) by the contraction of another muscle

5 (d)

1
1
1

Max
2

1
1
1

Able to explain what happened if the tissue R torn

Suggested answer :
F: the forearm cannot bend / straightens
P1: when the muscle X or Y contract
P2: the pulling force (produced by contraction of muscle) is not
transmit to the radius / ulna
Jumlah

12

BAHAGIAN B
SOALAN 6

SOALAN 7
7

(a
)

(b
)

(c
)

P1: Nerve impulses arrive at the axon terminal of

(presynaptic) neurones.
P2: Causes the synaptic vesicles to move towards the
(presynaptic) membrane and fuse with the membrane.
P3: Neurotransmitters/ acetylcholine (examples)
molecules are released from synaptic vesicles.
P4: (The neurotransmitter molecules) diffuse across the
synaptic cleft into the postsynaptic knob/ dendrite/ cell
body of neighbouring neurone.
P5: The neurotransmitter molecules bind to specific
receptor sites in the postsynaptic knob.
P6: The binding triggers/ generates new nerve impulses.
P7: The impulses then move along the postsynaptic
neurone.
P8: The release of neurotransmitter is in one direction,
from the synaptic knob to the postsynaptic neurone.
P9: Mitochondria in the synaptic knob generate ATP/
energy to synthesis neurotransmitter molecules.
Any 6
P1: The receptor at the terminal X stimulated by the heat.
P2: The receptor generates a nerve impulse.
P3: The nerve impulse travels along X/ afferent neurone
to the spinal cord.
P4: In the spinal cord, the nerve impulse is transmitted to
an interneurone.
P5: From the interneurone, the nerve impulse is
transmitted to an efferent neurone/ neurone Y.
P6: Nerve impulse travels along efferent neurone/ Y and
reach the effector/ muscle tissue/ fingers.
P7: Muscles contract to withdraw the hand/ finger.
Any 4
P1: The receptors in the eyes detect the dog.
P2: Nerve impulses are generated and transmitted to the
brain via the afferent neurone.
P3: The hypothalamus in the brain is stimulated.
P4: It actives the sympathetic nervous system to
generate nerve impulses.
P5: Nerve impulses are transmitted to the adrenal
medulla to stimulate secretion of adrenaline.
P6: Adrenaline carried/ transported by blood circulatory
system to the targeted organs.
P7: (Adrenaline) promotes the breakdown of glycogen to
glucose.
P8: (Adrenaline) increases the breathing rate.
P9: More oxygen will be taken into the body.
P10: (Adrenaline) increases the rate of heartbeat/ blood
pressure.
P11: Rate of the blood flow increase.
P12: More glucose and oxygen will be supplied to the
muscles.
P13: More energy produced by the muscles. // Metabolic
rate increase.
P14: Body has enough energy to face the fight or flight
situation.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ma
x6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Ma
x4

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Ma
x
10

Any 10
Tota
l

20

SOALAN 8
Ques

Criteria

8 (a)

Marks

Able to explain the energy flow in the food chain.

Sample answer:

P1: Aquatic plants convert solar energy into chemical energy

1
P2: chemical energy stored in organic molecules during
1
photosynthesis
1
P3: when primary consumer/herbivore feeds on/consume the
1
producer/aquatic plant
P4: the energy in the plant is transferred to the primary
1
consumer/herbivore
1
P5: the energy is then transferred to the secondary
1
consumer/carnivore
P6 : not all energy in the food is transferred to the consumers
1
P7 : some energy is lost during respiration/defecation
1
/reproduction // 90% of the energy lost to the environment
P8: 10% is converted into new tissue and storage material
1
P9 : the last consumer receives the least energy
1
P10 : the plant / producer receives the most energy
1
Any four
(b) Able to explain the prey-predator interaction
Prey-predator interaction
F1: When the population of a predator (wolf) is high, the population of its
prey (rabbit) decreases
E1: because the prey is eaten by the predator
F2: When the population of the prey falls, there is insufficient food for the
predator
E2: results in a decline of the predator population
F3: When the population of predator is low, the prey recovers and its
population increases
E3: result in an increase in the population of the predator (have enough
food)

(c)

P1
P2
P3

Colonisation is a process whereby a species colonises

in a newly
formed area/pond
Succession is a process whereby one species of
organism /
a community changes the environment/habitat
which results in the species/organism being replaced
by other species
Activities of pioneer species(submerge plants )/
examples causes a change in the environments/
habitat
The remains of plants/ decayed bodies deposited to
the pond bed
Pond become shallower

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(Max 6)

1
1
1
2m

1
1
1

P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P1
0
P1
1

(also) add nutrients to pond water

Promotes the growth of floating plants/examples to
replace
the pioneer species/submerged plants
Floating plants covers water surface, preventing light
from penetrating the water/causes less rate of plants
photosynthesis in the pond
Results in greater rate of plants death which sink to
the bottom of pond
Making the pond more shallower
Floating plants are gradually replaced by amphibious
plants/successor
The successor causes further changes to the
habitat/pond, make it unfavourable for the
emergent/amphibian plants to grow
Amphibious plants are replace by land/terrestrial
community which dominates the area.
[maximum 8 marks]

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Total marks

8m
20 m

SOALAN 9
9(a) Able to describe the effect of the thinning of the ozone layer

on the environment and living organisms on earth, and

suggest different ways to solve this problem.
The Effects
E1 - More UV rays / ultraviolet radiation reaches the earth's
surface.
E2 - Increase of temperature
E3 - UV ray will deteriorate / weaken the humans body
immune system.
E4 - An increase in the number of people suffering from
skin cancer,
malanoma and cataract.
E5 - High UV rays destroy microorganisms and
phytoplanktons (the producer of marine food chain).
E6 - Rate of photosynthesis decrease
E7 - High level of UV rays can damage the eggs of certain
amphibians.
Steps To Solve The Problem
E1 - Reduce / stop using CFCs
E2 - Replace CFCs with HCFCs.
E3 - Use wrapping papers instead of polystyrene boxes.
E4 - Patch up the holes in the ozone layer by firing frozen
ozone balls into the atmosphere

Max10

9(b)

Able to discuss the good and bad effects of

the activity on the human and ecosystem
Able to name the activity.
Sample answer:
N: Deforestation
Able to discuss the good effect of
development
Sample answer:
P1: Build / Develop residence to accommodate the
increase in population.
P2: Industrial / agriculture / factory to increase job
opportunities / increase the income.
P3: Develop road system to shorten travelling time /
reduce traffic jam.
P4: Restructuring of infrastructure facilities /
upgrade the infrastructure./can give examples
Able to discuss the bad effect of development
Sample answer:
Fact
Explanation
F1: Causes land to be E1: Flash flood//
exposed to agents of landslides//shallowin
erosion//the lost of
g of rivers//infertile
nutrient
soil// loosen soil
resources//the lost of structure//soil erosion
catchment area for
the rain water
F2: Destroy natural
E2: Extinction of
habitats of
organism //the lost of
organisms// destroy
certain animal and
the ecosystem of
plant species
organisms
F3: Causes the
E3: Green house
increasing of carbon
effect// temperature
dioxide content in
increase// global
atmosphere
warming

Total

1
1
1
1
1

Any 4
4mark
s

2
6
2
Max
10
20

KERTAS 3
SOALAN 1
KB0603 Measuring using numbers
Qtn.

Answer

Mark

Able to record all the initial and final temperaturein the space
providedaccurately
Sample answers :

(a)

Food sample
Cashew nut
Ground nut
Dried fish

3
Initial temperature
31C
31C
31C

Final temperature
98C
52 C
44 C

Able to record any 5 readings accurately.

Able to record any 4 readings accurately.
No response or 3 reading correct

2
1
0

KB0601 Observation
Qtn.
b(i).

Answer
Able to state any two observations correctly based on the following criteria :
P1- food sample is completely burnt
P2 - final / maximum temperature of the distilled water
P3 temperautre value with unit
Sample Answer :
Horizontal observation:
1 When the cashew nut is completely burnt the final / maximum temperature
of the distilled water is 98C
2 When the ground nut is completely burnt the final / maximum temperature
of the distilled water is 52 C
3 When the dried fish is completely burnt the final / maximum temperature of
the distilled water is 44 C
Vertical observation :
The final / maximum temperature of distilled water when cashew nut is
completely burnt is higher than the biscuit / dried fish // Inversely

Mark
3

Able to state one correct observation andone inaccurate observation //

Able to state any two inaccurate observations .
Able to state two observation at idea level
No respond or wrong respond.

2
1
0

KB0604 Making inferences

Qtn Answer
.

Mark

Able to make one accurate inference for each observation based on two
criteria:
1. food sample release heat
2. heat transfer to distilled water
3. temperature increase
Sample Answer
Horizontal observation
1. When the cashew nut is completely burnt heat is released and transferred to
the distilled water hence the temperature increases
b(ii
).

Vertical observation
2. More heat is released and transferred to the distilled water from the cashew
nut compared to ground nut /dried fish.
Notes :
The inferences should be correspond to the observations.
- inference 1observation 1
0 mark if not correspond
- inference 2observation 2
Able to make one accurate inference and one inaccurate inference corresponds
to the observation //
Able to make two inacurate inference corresponds to the observation
Able to make an idea of inference based on one criterion.
No respond or wrong respond.

2
1
0

KB0610 Variables
Qtn.
c.

Answer

Mark

Able to state all of the variables and method to handle the variables correctly.
Sample answer:
Variables

3
Method to handle the variables

Manipulated Variable:
Food samples

Prepare / Use three different food samples

// Used cashew nut, groundnut and dried fish.

Respond Variable:
Final temperature of
distilled water //
Change/ difference in
temperatures //
Calorific value

Observed and record the final temperature of

distilled water by using thermometer //
Calculate the change in temperature as ;
Final temperature initial temperature //
Calculate the calorific value by using the fomula :

Constant Variable:
Volume of distilled
water

Fix the volume of distilled water at 40 ml.

Initial temperature not

accepted.
Able to state 4 5 of the variables and the method to handle the variable
correctly

Able to state 1 3 of the variables and the method to handle the variable
correctly

No respond or wrong respond.

KB0611 Making Hypothesis

Qtn.
d.

Answer
Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between the manipulated
variable and responding variable and the hypothesis can be validated based on
3 criteria:
P1 Manipulated variable
P2 Responding variable
P3 Relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable

Mark

The final temperature of distilled water is at its highest when cashew nut is burnt
completely compared to ground nut and dried fish //
Cashew nut contain the most calorie compared to ground nut and dried fish

Able to state less accurate hypothesis

. Able to state hypothesis at idea level.

No respond or wrong respond.

KB0606 Communicating
Qtn.

Answer

Mark

Able to construct table and fill in the data accurately with three correct titles and
units:
Based on 3 criteria
Title , T
Data , D
Calculation , C
Food samples
e(i).

Cashew nut
Groundnut
Dried fish

Increase in water
temperatures (C)
67
21
13

Energy value (kJg-1)

9.38 // 9380 Jg-1

5.04 // 5040 Jg-1
1.82 // 1820 Jg-1

Calculation;
Cashew nut = 40 g X 4.2 Jg-1 C X 67 C
1.2 g
Able to tabulate a table based on two criteria
Able to tabulate a table based on one criteria
No respond or wrong respond.

2
1
0

KB0608 Space and time relationship

Qtn.
e(ii).

Answer
Able to draw a bar chart of the calorific value against type of food samples
based on 3 criteria
Axis Y & X with correct scale, unit, title & about 2/3 of graph paper
Correct coordinate (length & width)
Bar with equal size; connected or separated with equal length

Mark
3

10
8
6
4
2
0
Cas he w nut

Groundnut

Dried fish

Able to draw a bar chart of the calorific value against type of food samples
based on any 2 criteria

Able to draw a bar chart of the calorific value against type of food samples
based on any 1 criteria

No respond or wrong respond.

KB0608 Interpreting Data

Qtn.

Answer

Mark

Able to interpret data correctly and explain the relationship between the final
temperatures of distilled water and the type of food in this experiment based
on the following aspect:
1. Relationship between food sample and final temperature of distilled water //
Change/ difference in temperatures // Calorific value
2. class food
f.

Sample answer:
1. The food sample which has the highest final temperature of distilled water /
change/ difference in temperatures / calorific value is from the class food of lipid
.
Able to interpret data correctly and explain the relationship based on any two
criteria
Able to interpret data correctly and explain the relationship based on any one
criteria
No respond or wrong respond.

KB0605 - Predicting
Qtn. Answer
g.
Able to predict the result accurately based on the criteria.
Based on 3 criteria
Prediction (P) caloric value lower than ground nut
Reason (R) food class is carbohydrate

2
1
0
Mark
3

Effect (E) less heat is release

Able to predict the result less accurately based on any 2 criteria.

Able to give idea of the result

No respond or wrong respond.

KB0609 Defining by operation

Qtn.

Answer

Mark

Able to define calorific value based on the experiment correctly based on 3

criteria
Heat release
Increases temperature
Food sample is burnt

h.

Sample answer:
The amount of heat that release
Cause increase in the temperature of distilled water
When certain mass of the food sample is burnt completely
Able to define calorific value based on the experiment less accurately correctly
based on 2 criteria
Able to define calorific value based on the experiment less accurately correctly
based on 1 criteria
No respond or wrong respond.

1
0

KB0602 Classifying
Qtn.
i.

Answer

Mark
3

Able to classify all different food into its correct classes

Sample answer:
Carbohydrate
Karbohidrat
rice
noodles

Protein
Protein
Milk powder
Meat

Lipid
Lipid
butter
Coconut oil

Sweet potato
Able to classify any 5 food sample correctly
Able to classify any 4 food sample correctly
Only 3 food sample correct or wrong response.

SOALAN 2

2
1
0