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Linhkienkhac PDF
Linhkienkhac PDF
H Nng Lm
Chng 8
Mt s linh kin in t khc
8.1. SCR (Thyristor).
a. Cu to v hot ng
SCR c cu to bi 4 lp bn dn PNPN (c 3 ni PN). Nh tn gi ta thy
SCR l mt diode chnh lu c kim sot bi cng silicium. Cc tip xc kim loi
c to ra cc cc Anod A, Catot K v cng G.
Hnh 8.1
Nu ta mc mt ngun in mt chiu VAA vo SCR nh hnh sau. mt dng in
nh IG kch vo cc cng G s lm ni PN gia cc cng G v catot K dn pht khi
dng in anod IA qua SCR ln hn nhiu. Nu ta i chiu ngun VAA (cc dng
ni vi catod, cc m ni vi anod) s khng c dng in qua SCR cho d c dng
GV: ThS. Nguyn B Vng
Gio trnh: in t c bn
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Hnh 8.2
Ta thy SCR c th coi nh tng ng vi hai transistor PNP v NPN lin kt
nhau qua ng nn v thu. Khi c mt dng in nh IG kch vo cc nn ca Transistor
NPN T1 tc cng G ca SCR. Dng in IG s to ra dng cc thu IC1 ln hn, m IC1
li chnh l dng nn IB2 ca transistor PNP T2 nn to ra dng thu IC2 li ln hn
trc Hin tng ny c tip tc nn c hai transistor nhanh chng tr nn bo ha.
Dng bo ha qua hai transistor chnh l dng anod ca SCR. Dng in ny ty thuc
vo VAA v in tr ti RA.
C ch hot ng nh trn ca SCR cho thy dng IG khng cn ln v ch cn
tn ti trong thi gian ngn. Khi SCR dn in, nu ta ngt b IG th SCR vn tip
tc dn in, ngha l ta khng th ngt SCR bng cc cng, y cng l mt nhc
im ca SCR so vi transistor.
Ngi ta ch c th ngt SCR bng cch ct ngun VAA hoc gim VAA sao cho dng
in qua SCR nh hn mt tr s no (ty thuc vo tng SCR) gi l dng in
duy tr IH (hodding current).
Gio trnh: in t c bn
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Gio trnh: in t c bn
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Cch (1) v cch (3) nhy nht, k n l cch (2) v cch (4). Do tnh cht dn in c
hai chiu, Triac dng trong mng in xoay chiu thun li hn SCR. Th d sau y
cho thy ng dng ca Triac trong mng in xoay chiu.
8.4. Relay
Cu to:
Gio trnh: in t c bn
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a)
b)
Hnh 8.6: Hnh dng ca quang in tr; a) Hnh dng tht, b) K hiu.
Nguyn l lm vic ca quang in tr l khi nh sng chiu vo cht bn dn (c
th l Cadmium sulfide CdS, Cadmium selenide CdSe) lm pht sinh cc in t t
do, tc s dn in tng ln v lm gim in tr ca cht bn dn. Cc c tnh in
v nhy ca quang in tr d nhin ty thuc vo vt liu dng trong ch to.
Gio trnh: in t c bn
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Gio trnh: in t c bn
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Gio trnh: in t c bn
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Gio trnh: in t c bn
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b) ng hay tt Relay:
Trong mch ng relay, khi quang transistor c chiu sng n dn in lm T1
thng, Relay hot ng. Ngc li trong mch tt relay, trng thi thng trc quang
transistor khng c chiu sng nn quang transistor ngng v T1 lun thng, Relay
trng thi ng. Khi c chiu sng, quang transistor dn mnh lm T1 ngng,
Relay khng hot ng ( trng thi tt).
Gio trnh: in t c bn
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