GUIA N 1

ALGUNOS MTODOS DE FACTORIZACIN

ELABORADO POR: Rolando Murillo G.
NOTA: Recordemos algunas frmulas que ayudan en el proceso de
factorizacin.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

(a + b )2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a b )2 = a 2 2ab + b 2
(a + b )(a b ) = a 2 b 2
(a + b )(a 2 ab + b 2 ) = a 3 + b 3
(a b )(a 2 ab + b 2 ) = a 3 b 3

EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS SOBRE FACTORIZACIN:

1) FACTORICE LAS EXPRESIONES SIGUIENTES:
1)

(3x ) (2 x 3)
(3x + 2 x 3)(3x
(5x 3)(x + 3)
2 2
2

2)

3)

=
2
2x 2 + 3 =

4m 2 25 x 2 + 9n 2 12mn =
4m 2 12mn + 9n 2 25 x 2 =
(2m 3n )2 25 x 2 =
(2m 3n + 5 x )(2m 3n 5 x ) =

(4 x 9 x ) =
x (4 9 x ) =
3

x 3 (2 3 x )(2 + 3x ) =

4)

5)

3xy 3x + 3 y 2 3 y =
3(xy x + y 2 y ) =
3[x( y 1) + y ( y 1)] =
3( y 1)( x + y )
b 5 (a b ) b 4 (a b ) =
3

b 4 (a b ) [b (a b )] =
3

b 4 (a b ) (2b a )
3

6)

4n 6n =

(2 ) (3 2)
2 n

2n

3 2 =
n

(2 )

3n 2 n =
2 n 2 n 3n
n

7)

x 12 y 12 =

(x ) (y ) =
(x y )[x + x y + y ]=
(x + y )(x y )(x + x y + y ) =
(x + y )(x + y )(x y )(x + x y + y )
4 3

8)

4 3

125 x 3 + (5 x 2 y ) =

(5 x )3 + (5 x 2 y )3 =
(5 x + 5 x 2 y )[(5 x 2 ) 5 x(5 x 2 y ) + (5 x 2 y )2 ]=
(10 x 2 y )[25 x 2 25 x 2 + 10 xy + 25 x 2 20 xy + 4 y 2 ]
(10 x 2 y )(25 x 2 10 xy + 4 y 2 )

2) SIMPLIFIQUE LA EXPRESIN

1)

x 3 1
=
x 2 1

(x 1)(x 2 + x + 1) =
(x + 1)(x 1)
x 2 + x +1
x +1
2)

a 2 + 2ab + b 2 x 2
=
a 2 (b + x) 2

(a + b )2 x 2 =
(a + b + x )(a b x )
(a + b + x )(a + b x ) =
(a + b + x )(a b x )
a+b x
a b x

x3 +1
=
x2 x 2

3)

(x + 1)(x 2 x + 1) =
(x 2)(x + 1)
x 2 x +1
x2

EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
1) FACTORICE LAS EXPRESIONES SIGUIENTES:
1)

x 3a + 2 + x 3a +1 =

2) a 2 a 3 + a 1 =
3)

x2 a2x a2 + x =

4)

x 6 y 3 1=

5)

x 6 x 3 =

6)

x 2 + 2 xy 35 y 2 3x + 15 y =

7) 4 x 2 y 2 2 x y =
8) 2 x 2 + 5 xy 3 y 2 + 8 x 3 y 3 =
9) a 2 b 2 3a 3b =
10) 27 m 3 (3n + 2) =
3

2) SIMPLIFIQUE LAS EXPRESIONES SIGUIENTES:

1)

2)

a 2 + 2ab + b 2 x 2
a 2 (b + x )

3x 2
=
3x( x 1) 2( x 1)

n3 n
3) 2
=
n 5n 6

4)

8 x3
=
x 2 + 2x 8

3) EJERCICIOS DEL TEMA RELACIONADOS CON CLCULO:

CALCULE EN CASO DE SER POSIBLE, LOS LMITES SIGUIENTES:
1)

x 5

lim

( x 5) =
(x + 5)(x 5)

lim

x2 + x 2
=
x 2 1

x 5

2)

x 5
=
x 2 25

lim

x 1

(x + 2)(x 1) =
x 1 ( x 1)( x + 1)

lim

3)

2
(
x + x ) x 2
lim

lim

x 0

4)

x 0

lim
x 5

1
1
=
(x + 5) 10

(x + 2) =
x 1 ( x + 1)

lim

3
2

(x + x x )(x + x + x ) =

x( x + x + x )
= lim (2 x + x ) = 2 x
x 0
x 0
x

lim

3
(
x + x ) x 3
lim
=

x 0

2
(
[
x + x x )(
x + x ) + x( x + x ) + x 2 ]
=
lim

x
(x )(x + x ) + x(x + x ) + x 2 =
lim
x 0
x
x 0

lim ( x + x ) + x( x + x ) + x 2 = x 2 + x 2 + x 2 = 3x 2

x 0

5)

x3 + 8
=
x 2 x + 2

lim

(x + 2)(x 2 2 x + 4) =
x 2
(x + 2)
lim

lim x 2 2 x + 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12

x 2

6)

2x 2 x 3
x 1
x +1
lim

lim

x 1

7)

(1 + h )2 1 =

lim

(1 + h + 1)(1 + h 1) =

h 0

lim
x2

lim
x2

9)

lim (2 x 3) = -5

x 1

lim

h 0

8)

(2 x 3)(x + 1) =
(x + 1)
h

lim
h 0

(h + 2)h =
h

lim(h + 2) = 2
h 0

x 2 + 4 x 12
=
x 4 16

(x + 6)(x 2)

(x

4)(x + 4)
2

(x + 6)(x 2) =
x 2 ( x + 2 )( x 2 )(x 2 + 4 )

= lim

(x + 6) =
x 2 ( x + 2 )(x 2 + 4 )

lim

8
1
=
32
4

x4 1
lim
x 1 x 1
lim
x 1

(x

)(

(x + 1)(x 1) x 2 + 1 = lim(x + 1) x 2 + 1 = 2 2 = 4
1 x2 +1
= lim
x 1
x 1
(x 1)
(x 1)