104 ‘eal cmanc ocho Viney Land Wostok, MT. (1976). Coie net: method of content ‘his vet spe, ural of Peony Aan, a0-130 ook MT. (191) Posies metodo content af" Ya a nao nan onde onc, 8 jextbvonk Ma Vin the apc fone aay ato He set rear Aut Poco, 1-160 Young. 1-96} Ace poser In he Nai of Emon (MB iol), 222-297, amondewor Pngain, 10 The structure and meaningfulness of tacit construing Robert A. Neimeyer, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA “Apewon ot mcesaiy atte aout the contractions he aes won ‘Coil, Some ef cntiuetonrrenatsynbalzed by wordshe an ‘pe he ny in panto Even te demons wah ae construed may ve nwt hao by which they ean nanlpules andthe peson finds Fins sponding oben with pecs impulse, Thus, ning th Pesclogy of mathe pllnpher, we bust ken aecunt isabel [avers eprntation an constuction (Kelly 1955, page 10) aodueton “Toaghout he pesttton of hit syeholg Kely wat crf to aa con ‘ovng the inpresion tht conus nee esta expt oat’ aff hs thay np he ese nove eprops ied dcrmpttons ha eli uals atone sd percepon, which mayer may aot by apr ‘ned alguaaly in evmbae pec. Recon tht ‘here re grounds or inane tit apete mn on ie tht em to ee vtal expres (197, fans) Kely deve seneatietheoeta steno io oneal, on lime! and preva spect ofconetet tenn OF tee, Kal pte petet ‘tat pfeveralconssuct wach wee oneal exper conte tite lements of wai aunt could be var (1985, page 41). Hed allow, however, thn sch contin ay be desope afer end hs com” than otyordea fit sin th ee of he ‘pemon who lacs great sce UPS ‘romeo veal contacts ay be aborted ote pat whet they Hem tompetd ure yt evens the pst sophistaed sl (1988, pape 63), ‘Alton pve unertanding cay the conotton of being eveop- yen satu Hanh nolangoug counterparts he adult in rate Ait tented to as the ons ateschangey Ti aren of emanlogy Unfltunte nce it coal hur operant deel ewer ht ‘itn inn costuts tht nde he aeton fanned ‘noma egiveoe-deece patteas Which lak eral ymbalsaen. For ‘hte, pert eve the sue pve orderly pel {uscconetand veo the lane om alt comeing (Nene Tatts moe 81) odes all hoe onsrts hc ar ot veal clea, regret point emergence sn he dal Me spun. They may ot be sbi its on ana ally, lated perp ata hi th cost tac consi oa106 Perea comet co ‘yste theo pthaps it would warant th expla aegeet hat ever ies pilos (eg Bier aed Mat, 1968; Landed, 1977 Neseye, 197) have eva eso hrmiaon sed revatio ray ocupy pots honor plane nh economy of prs aan vas Rs sad the wor (mister and Ma, 1985, pas 29). Te cently of wt ont yw akong by Kel wh noted thatthe uperonatepemede Tate the stem may ot Be elie? (1985, pag 8). Wi yay ck the wmmutcabity of more expel vera desis, es unspoken hee fcr blest ny be pnts ene Sr whl nese (thant, 197, pope $7) The eho stale rela o ured costo al theme rg ont acowioge cll splficanc ofthe ac cei. Kel eee tt suk accuse consing wasted sept (1988, Pan 34) and dependency (1969, age 199), oen pinay cones he sco ferapeut oaext In at, bea he ents ance upon none sete Syne ten 0 perplexing torch herp, Kel ona otine the cia Mo pening he pcan ofc cettsctne (1935, poe 465). Orc Ista tht the ene dealing in om angae onc, the therpit ght ty rhs devtng word abso be more a et rm tons, rr oft ltr threat experitao nd vconteton| ly 1958, pe se 65:Nesmayer ape). erate be terapit an nt nih nec eaitand eis sh contact Us uve fovm, penaps heup the medum of arse actity (Key 1988, paps roor-fooa. Dust the inka lta of on git corstring the comply fd he Inv Peps er is reson ponering atten o map ot the tt ‘ha have ae lace experenta ttn that alo fo pester onl ‘de (1970 for xan devel» none Peaonl Conatucttesetoy” {ore oret ot ips oe rol stature governing hel eon 0 ‘ian eer The trea ve cote gue nit contig ae vii the eapondent ask to le ee rpostg hs ni aed wth ach igure ane, spouse’ Yael and he wor Beanie area of emp, au nn rad pose in th al, Rd ought gauge he way tat pendent id theron rete pion nthe terpenes ‘hate expense examined te cosy of sitar an yh conparion wih wath rade a nn gaycate mela patient, tener preocpton wth powe liane ands changing sens ol ‘Varn pore Bonn 171) prac the 49 era ‘enw on some afer medodlogel pepe. Lang te onhch and paral et fo crs he kd cach haan ona it toe wo cad fom on of hv ets, Wich, Ns 9 he ‘on fore contat The pele was epee wth He ein cs Tet oravhe 107 ‘hs contest and hoe na sil on formed rom the sae ct st by other see, then ete ed to anhor sv pent rating es. athe ‘epondet was intrstes to plc nc ofthe oar rm he romani SGatoncd ote totes pretence mri ‘ted y the arse Tieininglen supp to the "meninges te. pation of extome seal anys (Land 1967 Bona, 1971, 197) when ‘Se ctor ar ld coer etos ta sat elemont ot eel when the cosas of which th saa crete ae more esa sea ‘Thistoldewhetar th coostts iva aeopesete by for onset 1. Neayer (Reference Nts 1) followed a sar format i comparng he save meting of peta ta Somtactons oder fo ct vera enstct he resented student epondens ofboth sexe wh tds ets, ‘ach of wich ured a sgesertence stateneotculsig an nercton beeen eons Respondents were equa totale awa whch woof te su ‘oer wee una to cach tern eet fhe hs New te were smite uni he student he arteltedfeach eontt Ta dir Dhctopap of ierpensl Stains, ther than writen deri [aco ang thee lament dhe reppadent ws intte not to formulate the bai ‘senior fo the experinentr inst, he ptapgts he ‘ns wee ued sept the ndeing construct, Following this istation fh, he students wee df ste en legs (or eam, other, “puta pec’ on 21 at Liter Sales sched by thee reba and ‘enon eon dnersns Ratings wee fund fo esa extre= on he $80 tetsof dimendons,stagening ha equalent meaningless Iisclew that hese relmimryexpatons ore some rung eds to bow incl consis can be smbosed and eserhed Wht equally thea, however, he pay af sah estgntons i th ght of des of ‘tunes fing construing, Oe eason for is lpidednes of resarch Ines gested na sateen y Land (197, page 134) ‘although os esac on he personal construct hs fusion veal focal, Key sven aed tha eosin int tbe concunded ‘herbs formation” C1985, p51). Neverthe he contrite the Depry (ep) Tes forte igh etl vestry veal sgjets However Keli not ited tht he onstrate by ths itunent woul be sted the egulent al ertrst within he mh pep enn ae a a ‘ployed by that at al Tis eat en further weight by Epa, ‘wo cnt hat uct difaanes betwee speci rysen of onsets ‘em exten ly 1972, pe 123) Win sensed fete deeoynet ‘tee thie Ha oul Faia the botkation oftaa coste™ ‘ios aw fr te asestent fine truttl elanss tat ny Ine nus aio tepoken natn. Te tat Sonstige (HET repent ep tn ns eto,108 Poss om poo? ‘The Tce Comeraing Tectigu (TCT) Inenonc, the TCT comer heterogenous tf steal by msn of wich ‘nial ean repent noah het constructs. ae to gant sil atadetosuch mba exratny, tna he lowing ne. ert cnt papa nl evn ib kaa Sol The 38 ead dep persons leo i group ns rt fae ‘ns. Geomeone ds ead ety 21 dle soi we, yn a line qaty sy or xtapostion tone another. Colour dap carne out pate tenn taper diners, Pex ers cond AB torte ceca (og amteyer co lia) wikhetie a wide nage ine oper a aloe wo es proided materia (punted on nc ‘1 rote Sorting) the TET include modeling oly a wel ag pent, fos an loa Ba car Tse ie th entire spon ee per iyo usr unique corset destin ot cone athe standard mein he filing exploratory stay was conducted nave tote the easy of ng such natn dc extrapeteconstrston ns Repeiny Tet Ap a foot deal, be evepaton wat eine a esate poten Uinta feos betwee nt one nd ther veal bed outer Method Perino: Tree cot stent ln (4 1 el ge fs 18031 Yok part the tay Al volute rested puyol eas the for el partpatn Tee, rumen ooo completa! a motif vern of Kl’ (1955) ep te (Landil, TWP es 14 awh en oe gre ae placed en 1-paat seer sorrel by ten pron consucts. Thi fomat wa gaye or ot he eal ep est hd the TCT Ge now) to alow forrest copation of ngs ses, Tove ngs an on anpage cont! sans, Prints tok the Spey scaly est (140) asa rough inden of ‘hal vel aby. Proontre ects of poem poepion ‘readied the thee instrument indo won aig sprennatly 2S hou herman expect eandomly sgn} was present in erplan th naar he eveach Conde cave wa ac oni 109 shou th state's mj, habe and ose interes, emigrate fics ‘thse stead th contin with the dena the exgrinetl “Aeris comer, the respondent completed the tas conuring tehniue, faowedhy thera ep tartan nal th hey Ys et Thi ore of ‘mination wa seed hal partic sis ec sent ramen, ‘eng sent nite ha he on beer, ght hae contaminated the (Shue ens eq ater forming he verbal cones eqled by the ep es, ‘Spoons might ae fl conse ce the TT to proaice onl thee no ‘chaldimenton wich thy cold ave conned ready insole soe). ‘he sdnnstraton of tw TCT bon by asking te ounces spect fst anv often igen ey ied he owing rl or here (aigtd rom Rely 1988): (1) moths 2 titer) brother, 8 str) ‘pou (6) owes sat at ied, (7) dikes pron, (8) ucomferabl petson, (Shaping sector agunstene an (10k echt Once ts was one, he ‘poten tral drow te resondents tenon oo othe ele ‘outa ed um rhea pmb sng ya hse [TC] teal ‘Shoe apotant way nwhh the tofu ae oppst Te papa was ‘Sours spy tos trough the eoue meds ntl he or he discovered Sowing tat ened wigs eppopet to diate the onto ‘linnindan od ome at ak nguenet wr ode he ‘hpi formed toe mel onturts eens oro Bypotie {iki gucsin his or bar own ie. Foc nn, the experienter might ave tect an exception guy cr nds wy roophprined oe fom the extrdec, exp that he foie repeated Something the oth ‘ar ae eythane othe oarenes of e ies Atetiv eose gh ave shoe we plete’ ads oa wich “Snved the pproumer foe ofthe res oppose to Ue sca olation ‘te other lth bee expesieno e osomething about te Usk odour) coma sce, but repented pated nt the Gta tes binge ight or might not be cnveyed ie words The exponent mis {ilar ik wastmportan ony tat the symbole cee chose make cate Kin ses and tae notary to eg them weal to the experts i utp Ke he stk tn se nie sre mrmgedpaiy totus ast offer 3p ming so. Th espernenter Then narcted the dnt to think of ech clea "continous deco” ‘tpi nm on at pibol on he ae une tod oppo symbol on the ‘ier abt eho namber coeds to whet be ose woul lace ‘iho the encoleigueson tat inenon- A seeond denon thn was ted Wy conning asec pa of gts, ab bh of he en sees wate on ene danansn Ts equnce conto wn all fol ius a ben ated on "ola tn eon elites on langage costs ‘soon ate TET var sompeted the exermentar conducted be pox ‘ogi wa he wapondent an alten 0 uadentand bow the ate Ish ob tra. Td ig ede {ston sow dd you go about etn the msi yu sed Wold ie ten tae om what he irene between gues was awM0 Porn come rer {ite none symbol ier fom word for you? The partipant'acoets ‘verso by hand, er nich there lowed Sneek The erp {owing the cation of eth haptic epeate contort, Te sesion once withthe esgondent ang the Osten Shipley vray te. Rents 1nd Dicsion The Tihotmous Overp Rati Progam developed ty Landi ad his collages ee Note 2) mas ed compote, rom the salar eins onthe TCT ad Raa tna cae! rin pg wi egy Inter the sty owe hee Ring soul be comared ony tent, thee hemes ner of constructs elatod my tbe ally epestalve of ‘he reipondens al sytem Ge Roenbs, 1977), Neaninghnes ‘Atworvay ANOVA wih eye of astamsat (eal LMR ReC eer pe cnrstenerro erty Halt Gerry tersarran Ty nna trasebaen feet a an es a aerate Geniatent antet ont! ores trreiceetiy tates eae F acain pnts uot edie near ea rancher ae es me ae fetes es women easrsecswet oe suceee ratte cert fa trey lps wn scene en hots nba wrfteniet ate a Sasa Shelia man meateent pear, fea mueaniteel Creat yt net eine ten nen doi nee bethenrett meanness Ter tstty aanroncae Ne ae ee ate a et ene i ne reece Aa mea meen ere sre itn 8a data ae) a il ek (195, page 462) implication that even the moat verbally fluent Individual relies foci alee ae Sux derencesin he meaiagfulas of oostutaplation dd emer, however hones (Y= 3905, SD = 498) ating more exec tan males (Gr 3249, "363 aco he pols dmenson on th Wo uents Gin =13#1sp 2001) end onboth the TCT CP = 1189,~ <001) ad he ‘9622 aay) 1057, p 001), ake sep anctonaly Independent Cosco /F10) ‘As deus by Landi (1977), the FIC sere ests the are functionally ‘Rtependen ter of consevt within the pra abyste aos the (Ben the Fy the rete fresno compat ofthe system ‘Sing. nore fo ompate he relative diferente ofthe at and ‘or domain x oo-my ANOVA wih sx snd struneat peas Was ‘Smpetel, No ference caine betwee th FC sores on the TCT and he ‘ep te ay = 155) Rather tha oma cule and naeeated sab ‘eal ne appt ht tac costly my be fu 8 compen sens ‘tweed Sermons employed by he suse responds Trower gent intercon betwen sox and batument ype on FIC wat fund (ean 877.9 009), Whoa the les were sry difcetated intots saya Ulgaw =16, 8D" 14s "12, SD"13 P29) (85). toats assayed pater complet Inthe et oman an nt veal (fey = 85, SD°1 5: Mey 272,80 1858, 1.75 6 <0) seer thy upton th ie In eerinton otha aoe tes 12,p <5), whe ony equaling te the nga ren (ii =039;na), anu be noted at ths theory ugg Ann {st Ss maybe ore ample oem the we of nlngige cr acon) come to iit nt en excuse lage yon the conventional ‘eb ep te eabanced Theat for sontract? se esentilly a meas of he abety with hich any gen costs ppd to ange of le gre a uty whch (errs fnconing at elasly ore sponte or eleva wi the Inna’s pycholotal ono (Landi 1977 No sx Siferencs re ion tect ere dod by a tmoway ANOVA withvexandnarument po tacos (Fay 002 ad O00, rexpstne). However, bere ws eee ingle tht wpe tar of tn onatructone (= 25.4, SD= 38) Ite thse commanate im symbole peat (i =228, SD= 58; Fo, ag Typ ©001). Ths find eds npr aoe contatio ht wba htt onstrate ee sod in preventer. the uloatelypesonal [ov ore] ayes ofthese? (Nelneye, 1977, poe 81. Methodologeland Tort Implications he fovea demons the fey of wn ee Ne prove a oe 1 ie achat an unveralie omaats Ins Retry Tet12 ‘remnant peo at. Morons, hough hes material were empnyed independent of lagu nein the sve venation itm rove sel to suent Uinoonden’s fund of word beled dacrndatios wa i ye on ge stnent nee aw hn or er me Meusyf deapating Inport onstctos or sample, the rare respondent may eho to ‘pres nonverbal the mop ofan natal aia contac, mc ‘lsh tberie wou fal to ape on aeenton veal ep testa ke Thon, nial ight epeet a charts dsimition Wish mpd os perso r too sol endear Yo communes in words Th TCT se compare acinus may be of pati intent opysho lop rk with cl or eal popastions The ch alton etd Inte nba of spate speek nian to her opor may fot eae to convey the wseace es gen cantac by ating ae of ep rtels Furthermore eau enabling the tc expe sna pee penta feet ses may lp the etn psyche comune wo the hemp sunthng ofthe functonl ain fs there aint sonar, nly the aig of the resent yf ober, uy ad dtl to an ‘ont inary fat eonsring mbt in the wig of ahr oth Mi sont thoy (Kal, 1985; Ray, 1977) ad ute out dre (Png 1968 1967 placing the seta oe of sch art conto Honk ou ol uncean eed not py a ea of or by to ode us ‘perience iui ate tds ore roa our sym enacts frond hat ofthe formal inguge stn we inl, Acknonfedgnenss Lio expe my appecition co lant Ward or er adeitentve aie, Into Mk Ace snd Katy Story forthe rte of anes ah of he mre References Angier, (1970), Scene ho the aoking Bs Pops in Prod ‘init Thy (o ,Baner New Yor Aden ese Aner, Dan 1.1968) The Paro of Pra Cer, onan (977 Thenerton dof commit a 1976 Nebo Syma on Mortar (ot AW anid nd RCo) Linc, eva inert of Reba Pe Aon (1911). et Conse Thy on treme Reyonte Se ‘stam, eer an ager Ung 2) The aby of opie ces a ont scl se, nih Soa Sota ot Cl Pha, 2,121. GG (3 Ph mea ral ni, Ne Yt Nn aly {1909 tans on whos ep a a al ch. ‘ant Pra (Mae) New York Whey New Yok, Key 6. (1970). A brie ineoduson to pesal coset thor. la Popes ‘Prana Conuct Theory (ed. D- Batter) New York, Andes Ps anil, A (1967 Th extremity ingest within the context of personal Coaster Beh Joel of Soe and Cal Pho 6 13. andl, A. (197) aterrete man: Th ere ena In 976 Neraska ‘Yipaiton on Morvan (eA. W- Laban .K- Coe), Lean, Neb, Unt of Nets Ps Deteye (1977). Addendum aot on wit consrung. n1976 Nebraska ‘Sympasn on Monbaion eA. W, Lapel and 3K, Cole), Lina, ‘Nebr, Unverty of Nene Pee Naeger pres) George Key ar therapist A evi fi tape. Tal and L Ltn: (Es), Peron onsractArraache oPcothey ud Prva: New Yok, Weep, ‘dey (1960 Porson Rowe, New nk, Harper Pedy M196 Te Tact Dimes, Caden Cy, Douay oy, (197)- Lng th rz aD user (Ed) New Ponpcrer ‘Psa! Core Tor, New York, Acs Pres Rann N97), The hance nan metho for on-ay andtwooy elas of dabei 611 117-122 isl, W-W. (1970. aestiatin of personal eonsuctsthouph non et ‘aks, Abnormal Pychology, 16, 173179 Rosen, S(197), New appoases othe aaj of etna constrict a pn ecepton In 1976 eta Spout on Motto e. &W ‘Ghul and Cae, Linco, Nba, Unvorty of Nebraska Pets Shipley, W. (140) set-aminering efor mewn eet pale Tie end Serton uma of Pehl 9, 371-377 Wier (57) Sia ine spre Do, New Yor, eee Hale 1, .Xetenys (1979) ies nmpael os, Unpaid mune sg Bx aa ty 3 Tt popan tem A.W, Ladi of Pilg, 29 ar The tpt Ge Po mode ent of iss Raa, 197 whch et conpariss nang se cl a The ad ttf eine pote err aes sige fs hin cco ncn ig cotangent 197 pee soi 4 ota exteity ses aero yet inset ys te sae onl (fay 0010) hs adh eget wouy ANOVA on ost iis et npg ar og thctaed eter eal ones poseg ow een ta ee Ottenrol ig) wend ic Po tas endo rip ane Fanon ot te ems istry hth ppc pane mang i ntrpeaono thereat opal aro a