OBJECTIVE

To identify the research approach and methods that is often used in

psychological researches.
PROCEDURE
Forty research studies from psychology journals were examined.
DATA TABLE
The following table shows the significant details of the 40 research studies
that were analysed.

S.
No

Author(
s)
Name

Title of
the
Resear
ch
Study

Journ
al
Name,
Volum
e&
Page
No.

Year
of
Publ
icatio
n

Sample
Size &
Sampling
Frame

1.

Catalina
L. Toma
and
Jeffrey T.
Hancock

SelfAffirma
tion
Underli
es
Facebo
ok Use

Person
ality
and
Social
Psycho
logy
Bulleti
n, Vol.
39,
321331

Janu Undergrad
ary
uate
2013 students
of a Northeastern
University.
Purposive
sampling

2.

Stephan
ie A.
Kazanas
, Kendra
M. Van
Valkenb
urg, and
Jeanette
Altarriba

Surviva
l
Process
ing and
the
Stroop
Task:
Does
the
Surviva

Journal
of
Evoluti
onary
Psycho
logy,
Vol. 13
, 1-8

Octo 130
ber,
Undergrad
2015 uate
students at
University
at
Albany.
Random
Sampling.

Methodo
logy
Used
[Quantit
ative/Qu
alitative
/
Mixed]
Quantitat
ive
using
questionn
aire and
a rating
scale.

Quantitat
ive 5
experime
ntal
condition
s.

Treatm
ent of
the
Data

Mean,
S.D.
Study 1

ANOVA,
Study 2
ChiSquare,
Linear
model
Analysi
s
Mean,
S.D ,
One
way
ANOVA

3.

Laura M.
Justice,
Jessica
A. R.
Logan1,
Tzu-Jung
Lin,
and Joan
N.
Kaderav
ek

4.

Nicole
M.
Monteiro
and
Shyngle
K.
Balogun

l
Advant
age
Depend
on
Deeper
Process
ing
During
Encodin
g?
Peer
Effects
in Early
Childho
od
Educati
on:
Testing
the
Assump
tions of
SpecialEducati
on
Inclusio
n
Psycho
social
Predict
ors of
Relatio
nship
Conflict
Styles
as
Mediat
ed by
Emotio
nal
Intellig
ence: A
Study

Psycho
logical
Scienc
e, Vol.
25,
1722
1729

2014 670
preschoolage
children
enrolled in
83 ECSE
classrooms
. Purposive
sampling

Quantitat
ive

Sage
journal
, Vol.
15, 111.

2015 152
Quantitat
participant ive
s(students)
from
.
the
University
of
Botswana.
(males=27
and
females=1
21).
Purposive
sampling

Mean,
S.D., ttest.

Mean,
S.D., ttest,
ANOVA,
Multipl
e
Regres
sion
Analysi
s

5.

6.

7.

Harold
Pashler
and
Ling-po
Shiu

Sarah
Gomillio
n, Shira
Gabriel
and
Sandra
L.
Murray

of
Botswa
na
Adults
Do
images
involun
tarily
trigger
search?
A test
of
Pillsbur
y's
hypoth
esis

A
Friend
of Yours
Is No
Friend
of Mine:
Jealous
y
Toward
a
Romant
ic
Partner
s
Friends
Skott E. Revisiti
Freedma ng
n,
neighb
Meredit
orhood
h
density:
Gennaro Adult
,
percept
and
ion of
Amanda phonol
Ditomas ogical
o
similari

1999 Undergrad
Psycho
uate
nomic
students
Bulleti
University
n and
of
Review
California.
, Vol.
Random
6,445sampling
448

Journal June
of
2014
Social
Psycho
logical
and
Person
ality
Scienc
e, Vol.
5, 636643

Applie
d
Psycho
linguis
tics,
Vol.
19, 1
-16,

250
undergrad
uate
students in
a romantic
relationshi
ps - at
the
University
at Buffalo.
Purposive
sampling.

2014 Fifty adult

participant
s (native
English
speakers )
were
recruited
from
undergrad
uate
courses at

Quantitat
ive
A visual
cue
followed
by a
visual
presentat
ion and
target
identifica
tion task.
Quantitat
ive
various
personalit
y and
relationsh
ip
measures
were
used.

Percent
age, ttest,
ANOVA

Study 1
t-test
and
regress
ion
analysi
s,
Study 2
ANOVA

Quantatai Mean,
ve.the
S.D., Texperime test,
nt sessin
consisite
d of CVC
nonwords as
stimuli

ty

8.

9.

10.

Ithaca
College
Melanie Female Journal 2015 145 female
Li-Wen
Mate
of
participant
Long
Choice: Evoluti
s aged 18
and
A
onary
23 years
Anne
Compar Psycho
from
Campbe ison
logy,
various
ll
Betwee Vol.
British
n
13, 1-6
universitie
Accepts.
theBest
and
RejecttheWorst
Strategi
es
in
Sequen
tial
Decisio
n
Making
Alyson
Lexical Journal June 238
D. Abel retrieva of
2014 undergrad
Mandy J. l of
Psycho
uate
Maguire nouns
linguis
students.
Fizza
and
tic
Random
M. Naqvi verbs in Resear
Sampling.

a
ch,
Angela
sentenc Vol.
Y. Kim
e
44,
comple 545tion
553
task
Heidi M. Being
Psycho 2014 17 selfLevitt
Transge logy of
identified
and
nder:
Wome
transgend
Maria R. Navigat n
er
Ippolito
ing
Quarte
participant
Minorit rly,
s. (age

Quantitat
ive.
Participan
ts were
randomly
assigned
to one of
the two
experime
ntal
condition
s.

Mean,
S.D., Ttest,
Multipl
e
regress
ion

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D., ttest,
Sentence ANOVA
completio and
n task.
Multipl
e
regress
ion
analysi
s
Qualitativ
e
Interview

Ground
ed
theory
Analysi
s

11.

12.

Ryo
Oda,
Yuta
Kato,
and Kai
Hiraishi

Regina
Stoutjes
dijk1,
Evert M.
Scholte1
, and
Hanna
Swaab1

y
Stresso
rs and
Develo
ping
Authent
ic
SelfPresent
ation
The
Watchi
ng-Eye
Effect
on
Prosoci
al Lying

Vol.
38, 4664

Special
Needs
Charact
eristics
of
Childre
n With
Emotio
nal and
Behavi
oral
Disorde
rs That
Affect
Inclusio
n in
Regular
Educati
on

Journal
of
Emotio
nal
and
Behavi
oral
Disord
ers,
Vol.
20, 92104

Journal
of
Evoluti
onary
Psycho
logy,
Vol.
13, 1-5

range :
1863)
.
Theoretical
sampling.

Sept
emb
er,
2015

199
Japanese
undergrad
uate
students(1
14 men
and 85
women),
from
two
universitie
s.
Purposive
sampling.
2012 The
sample
consisted
of 346
children in
total with
EBD
Purposive
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Chisquare

Experime
nt
consisted
of a task
administe
red to an
experime
ntal and
a control
group.
Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D., ttest,
Regres
sion
Analysi
s.

13.

14.

15.

Daniel J.
Olson

The
gradien
t effect
of
context
on
langua
ge
switchi
ng and
lexical
access
in
bilingua
l
product
ion
Michelle Effects
Tornquis of
t and
Humor
Dan
Product
Chiappe ion,
Humor
Recepti
vity,
and
Physica
l
Attracti
veness
on
Partner
Desirab
ility
Rebecca The
R. Kehoe Impact
Patrick
of HighM.
Perform
Wright
ance
Human
Resourc
e
Practice

Applie 2015 18
d
Spanish
Psycho
English
linguis
bilinguals
tics,Vol
of the
. 20, 1
University
32.
of Texas at
Austin.
Purposive
sampling

Quantitat
ive

Journal
of
Evoluti
onary
Psycho
logy,
Vol.
13, 113

Sept
emb
er,
2015

Onehundred
and
thirteen
undergrad
uate
students
(54 women
and 59
men) from
California
State
University

Quantitat
ive. The
experime
nt
consisted
of a task
which
included
humorstyle
vignettes
and facial
stimuli.

Mean,
S.D.,
mixed
factor
ANOVA.

Journal
of
Manag
ement
Vol. 39
No. 2,
366391

Febr Data were

uary collected
2013 from
employees
in a large
food
service
organizatio
n

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D.,
ANOVA.

Experime
nt
consisted
of a cued
picture
naming
task

Mean,
S.D., ttest,
ANOVA,
Linear
mixed
model.

16.

17.

Daphna
Heller ,
Craig G.
Chambe
rs

Betsy
Sparrow
, Jenny
Liu,
Daniel
M.
Wegner

s on
Employ
ees
Attitude
s and
Behavi
ors
Would
a blue
kite by
any
other
name
be just
as
blue?
Effects
of
descrip
tive
choices
on
subseq
uent
referent
ial
behavio
r
Google
Effects
on
Memory
:
Cogniti
ve
Conseq
uences
of
Having
Informa
tion at
Our
Fingerti

Journal
of
Memor
y and
Langu
age,
Vol.
70,
5367

2014 Thirty-two
native
English
speakers
from the
student
community
at the
University
of Toronto.
Purposive
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Scienc
e
(publis
hed by
Americ
an
Associ
ation
for the
Advan
cemen
t of
Scienc
e), Vol.
333

April undergrad
2011 uate
students
at Harvard
University.
Random
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Sixteen
experime
ntal
displays
were
used.

Modified
Stroop
task and
4
experime
ntal
condition
s.

Mixedeffects
logistic
regress
ion
models

t-test,
ANOVA

18.

Lawrenc
e Ian
Reed,
Paul
Deutch
man,
and
Karen L.
Schmidt

ps
Effects
of
Tearing
on the
Percept
ion
of
Facial
Express
ions of
Emotio
n

19.

Samant
ha N.
Emerso
n, Seyda
o
Zcaliska
n,
and
Gwen A.
Frishkoff

Effects
of
motion
type
and
modalit
y
on
word
learnin
g in
English

20.

Laura
Boubert
and
James
Barnes

Pheno
menolo
gy of
Visual
Halluci
nations
and
Their
Relatio
nship

Journal April, One

of
2015 hundred
Evoluti
eight
onary
participant
Psycho
s (62
logy,
males and
Vol.
46
13, 1-5
females)
were
recruited
an online
crowdsourcing
website.
Random
sampling.
Applie April, 83 adult
d
2015 native
Psycho
speakers
linguis
of English,
tics,
all college
Vol.
students.
20, 1(males=16
29,
,
females=6
7).
Purposive
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Sage
2015 The
journal
sample
, Vol.
consisted
15, 1-7
of 55
patients.
Purposive
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D., ttest.

Two video
clips
were
shown to
the
participa
nts and
there
were two
experime
ntal
condition
s.
Quantitat Mean,
ive
S.D., ttest,
Participan Spearm
ts were
an
randomly Correla
assigned tion
to one of
the two
experime
ntal
condition
s
(path/ma
nner).
Mean,
S.D.,
ANOVA

21.

22.

to
Cogniti
ve
Profile
in
Parkins
ons
Disease
Patients
:
Prelimi
nary
Observ
ations
Lisa M.
Barriers
Hagerm to
oser
Implem
Sanetti, enting
and
Treatm
Florence ent
D.
Integrit
DiGenna y
ro Reed Proced
ures in
School
Psychol
ogy
Researc
h:
Survey
of
Treatm
ent
Outcom
e
Researc
hers
Gillian
Early
van der memori
Watt,
es:
David
Clinical
Coall
relevan
ce

Assess 2012 210

Quantitat
ment
authors of
ive.
for
psychology
Effecti
journals
ve
Interve
ntion
vol.
30, 1
8

Mean,
S.D. , ttest

Austral
asian
Psychi
atry
, Vol
24(1)

Themat
ic
analysi
s

2015 50 patients
with
anxiety,
depression
or a
psychotic

Qualiatati
ve.
Semistructure
d intrview

and
signific
ance
23.

24.

25.

HumorWellenzo based
online
hn, Ren
positive
T. Proyer
psychol
&
ogy
Willibald interve
ntions:
Ruch
A
random
ized
placebo
controll
ed
longterm
trial
Laida
Authent
Agote,
ic
Nekane
Leaders
Arambur hip
u, and
Percept
Rune
ion,
Lines
Trust in
the
Leader,
and
Followe
rs
Emotio
ns in
Organiz
ational
Change
Process
es
Diana
Relatio
Fishbein nships
Sara

34
38

Journal
of
Positiv
e
Psycho
logy,
Vol.30,
10-13

disorder
were
interviewe
d
2015 632 adults
having
clinical
symptoms

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D.,
ANOVA

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
s.d.,
ANOVA

Interna 2015 correctiona Quantiati

tional
l inmates
ve.

Mean,
S.D., t-

The
Journal
of
Applie
d
Behavi
oral
Scienc
eVol.
52,
35
63

2015 102
Spanish
human
resource
managers

, Jacinda
K.
Dariotis,
Pamela
L.
Ferguso
n, and
E.
Elisabet
h
Pickelsi
mer

26.

27.

Harold
Pashler
and
Ling-po
Shiu

Ryo
Oda,
Yuta
Kato,
and Kai
Hiraishi

Betwee
n
Trauma
tic
Brain
Injury
and
Illicit
Drug
Use
and
Their
Associa
tion
With
Aggress
ion
in
Inmate
s
Do
images
involun
tarily
trigger
search?
A test
of
Pillsbur
y's
hypoth
esis

Journal
of
Offend
er
Therap
y and
Compa
rative
Crimin
ology
, Vol.
60(5)
575
597

The
Watchi
ng-Eye
Effect
on
Prosoci
al Lying

Journal
of
Evoluti
onary
Psycho
logy,
Vol.
13, 1-5

Psycho
nomic
Bulleti
n and
Review
, Vol.
6,445448

in South
Carolina
Males (n =
320) and
females (n
= 316)

1999 Undergrad
uate
students
University
of
California.
Random
sampling

Sept
emb
er,
2015

199
Japanese
undergrad
uate
students(1
14 men
and 85
women),
from
two

test,
Regres
sion

Quantitat
ive
A visual
cue
followed
by a
visual
presentat
ion and
target
identifica
tion task.
Quantitat
ive
Experime
nt
consisted
of a task
administe
red to an
experime

Percent
age, ttest,
ANOVA

Chisquare

28.

Stephan
ie A.
Robinso
n,Elizab
eth H.
Rickenb
ach,
and
Margie
E.
Lachma
n

29.

Astha
Sharma,
Vibha
Sharma
and Tej
Bahadur
Singh

universitie
s.
Purposive
sampling.
SelfInterna 2014 Participant
regulat tional
s (n =145,
ory
Journal
ages 22 to
strategi of
94)
es in
Behavi
daily
oral
life:
Develo
Selectio pment,
n,
Vol.
optimiz 40
ation,
126
and
136
compe
nsation
and
everyd
ay
memor
y
proble
ms
A Study Indian 2012 90
of
Journal
participant
Triguna of
s. Age
s and
Positiv
range : 20Colour
e
40 years.
Prefere Psycho
nces
logy,
Purposive
among Vol.3,
Sampling.
patient 58-61
s of
Depres
sion
and
Obsessi
ve
Compul
sive
Disorde

ntal and
a control
group.
Quantitat
ive.

Mean,
S.D.,
multile
vel
modelli
ng

Quantitat
ive

Percent
age,
Mean,
S.D.,
ANOVA

30.

Meera
Padhy,
Kavya
Chelli,
and
Ruth
Angiel
Padiri

31.

S. N.
Dubey

32.

Kanika
Malik &
Naveen
Grover

r
Optimis
m and
Psychol
ogical
WellBeing
of
Police
Officers
With
Differen
t Work
Experie
nces
Impact
of Yogic
Practice
s on
some
Psychol
ogical
variabl
es
among
Adolesc
ents
An
Explora
tion of
Trainee
s
Percept
ion of
Clinical
Psychol
ogy
Training
in
India: A
Qualitat
ive
Analysi

Sage
journal
, Vol.
15, 2532

Indian
Journal
of
Comm
unity
Psycho
logy,
Vol. 7,
1-7

Psycho
logical
Studie
s, Vol.
59,
260267

2015 60 police
officers
(male=30 ;
female=30
) from a
particular
district in
Odisha,
India. Age
range -27
to 56
years.
Purposive
sampling.
2011 50
adolescent
s (30 boys
and 20
girls) aged
between
16 to 18
years.
Purposive
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D., t
test,
Pearso
ns r,
Cohen
s d and
Simple
Linear
Regres
sion
Analysi
s

Mixed
method.

Percent
age,
Mean,
S.D., ttest,
content
analysi
s.

2014 20
(female=1
8; male=2)
trainees
enrolled in
full time
MPhil
Clinical
psychology
.

Qualitativ
e Semistructure
d
Interview

Purposive
sampling.

Structure
d
Interview

Conten
t
Analysi
s

33.

34.

35.

36.

Abhay
Pratap
Singh

s
A Study
on
Organiz
ational
Commit
ment of
Police
Employ
ees

The
Interna
tional
Journal
of
Indian
Psycho
logy,
Vol. 3 ,
5-15
Shobhna SelfJournal
Joshi
esteem of the
and
and
Indian
Rekha
Acade
Acade
Srivasta mic
my of
va
Achieve Applie
ment of d
Adolesc Psycho
ents
logy
, Vol.
35,
Special
Issue,
33-39.
Girishwa The
Journal
r Mishra Changi of the
and
ng
Indian
Neeti
Images Acade
Sachdev of
my of
a
Parenti Applie
ng in
d
the
Psycho
Three
logy,
Subcult Vol.
ures of 34,
India
Special
Issue,
16-23.
Anvar
Caregiv Journal
Sadath , ing and of
D.
Help
Psycho
Muralidh Seeking social

2015 240 male

police
employees
from
Eastern
U.P.
Stratified
random
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D. ,
ANOVA

Octo 200 urban

ber,
and rural
2009 adolescent
s
adolescent
s of
Varanasi
Purposive
sampling.

Quantitat
ive

Percent
age,
Mean,
S.D.,
ANOVA

April 135
2008 mothers
(60
mothers,
30
grandmoth
ers,30
fathers
and 15
grandfathe
rs)
.
Purposive
sampling.
2014 11 carers
of patients
with FEP
(First

Qualitativ
e method
open
ended
interview

Conten
t
Analysi
s

Qualitativ
e.
Sociodemogra

Conten
t
Analysi
s.

37.

ar ,
Shivara
ma
Varamb
ally ,
Justin P.
Jose ,
B. N.
Gangad
har
Nidhi
Gupta

38.

Pooja
Yadav
and
Naved
Iqbal

39.

S. John
Michael
Ra and
Cicilia
Chettiar

in First
Episode
Psycho
sis:
A
Qualitat
ive
Study

Rehabi
liation
and
Mental
Health,
Vol. 1,
47-53

Episode
Psychosis)
Purposive
sampling.

phic data
sheet and
In-depth
Interview
s.

Physica
l and
Psychol
ogical
Health
of Older
Women
in
Urban
India
Impact
of Life
Skill
Training
on Selfesteem
,
Adjust
ment
and
Empath
y
among
Adolesc
ents
Need
satisfac
tion,
goal
content
and
subjecti
ve well-

Sage
journal
, Vol.
29,
2345

2015 450 older

women
across
three class
groups
stratified
sampling
technique.

Quantitat
ive

Journal Octo
of the
ber,
Indian 2009
Acade
my of
Applie
d
Psycho
logy,
Vol.
35,
Special
Issue,
61-70.
Indian
Journal
of
Positiv
e
Psycho
logy,
Vol.3,

60
students
(30 males
and 30
females)
from a
school.
Age range
-15 to 17
years.
Convenien
t sampling.

2012 100
employed
participant
s
(female=4
8,
male=52)
from

Percent
age, Bivariate
An
analysi
interview s and
using a
Multiva
structure riate
d
analysi
questionn s
aire.
Quantitat Percent
ive
age,
Mean,
S.D., ttest.

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D.,AN
OVA

40.

Ambree
n
Afshan,
Iman
Askari,
and
Leister
Sam
Sudheer
Manicka
m

RESULTS

being.

10-13

Shynes
s, SelfConstru
al,
Extrave
rsion
Introver
sion,
Neuroti
cism,
and
Psychot
icism: A
CrossCultural
Compar
ison
Among
College
Student
s

Sage
journal
,
Vol.15,
40-48

Goregaon,
Mumbai.
Purposive
sampling.
2015 A total of
200
participant
s
(male=100
;
female=10
0) from
five
different
cultural
groups
colleges of
Mysore.
Purposive
sapling.

Quantitat
ive

Mean,
S.D. ,
ANOVA

Research approach

Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed

32 are Quantitative, 6 are Qualitative and 2 are Mixed Method.

Statistical Techniques
30
25
20
Statistical Techniques
15
10
5
0
Mean

S.D.

t-test

ANOVA

Regression

CONCLUSION
From our data analysis, we can say that Quantitative method is more
often used in psychological researches. It has been used exclusively in 32
out of 40 research studies.
The statistical techniques commonly used are Mean, S.D., t-test and
ANOVA.