-

( ) f x A
y.
f x f( x).

y

f: A R
x f(x)
x,

, y f x,

.
!
!!
f :
1. .
2. .

y = f(x )
x
.
x, f (x)
.


f( x)= x + - 1 x - 1 ++ 1 x + 0
R .

(x)
f(x)=
P( x), Q( x)
Q(x)
Q (x) 0, R .

f(x)= h(x)
2 , *

h (x) 0.

f( x)= log h(x) 0< 1
x
h(x )>0 .

:
f(x)=
f(x )= log

g(x )

h(x
h(x))

0< g(x) 1 h(x)>0 .

1

:
f ( x )=

g(x )

h(x)
h( x) 0 2 g(x) * .

:
g ( x ) 0< 1
f ( x )=
)=
g(x).

:
f( x)=
[g( x)]
x )] h ( x )
x)=[g(
g( x)> 0 , g( x)1
h(x ) h .

f( x)= (x)
A= R
f( x )= (x )
A= R

f( x )= (x)
A={ x R/ x + , Z}
2
f( x )= (x)
A= {x R / x , Z}

f( x )= [g( x )]
f( x )= [g (x)]
f( x )= [g(x )]
f( x )= [g(x )]

, :
A f=A g
Af =A g

A= A g-{ x R/ g( x)= + , Z}
2
A=A g -{ x R / g( x)= , Z}

..

..

1
:
2x
) f( x )=
x 1 1
) f(x)= ln ( ln x -1 )
) f(x )= log 2 - x (4 - lx l )
x
1
) f(x )=
+
, x [0 ,2 ]
2x 1 x 1

)

2- x0
x 1 -1 0

2x
x 1 1

x2
x-1 1

l x l = x =
l x l x , > 0

x2

x-1 1 x -1 -1

x 2 x 0

:
0

Af=(- , 0) U(0 ,2 )
)

ln x -1 >0
x>0

lnx >1
x>0

lnx >lne
x>0

x>e

x>0

Af=( e , + )
)

4- x >0
2-x> 0
2-x 1

x <4 -4< x<4

x< 2
x 1

l x l < - < x <

l x l > x > x < -

-4

A f =(-4, 1) U(1, 2 )

2 x -1 0
x -1 0
0 x 2

1
2

x 1
0x2

5
x
6
6

5
x x
4
4
0x2

A f =[0,

5
5 5
5
)U ( , )U( ,
)U(
,
) U(
,2 ]
6
6 4
4 6
6 4
4

2
R ,
f(x)= ln ( x 2 +x+ )
R.

f R , x 2 + x+>0
x R .
>0 <0. :
1
1
1
1
<0 1-4 2 <0 4 2 >1 2 >
> > <4
2
2
2

1
2
1
1
> <2
2
>0 >

>

1
R .
2

-1 / 2

1/ 2

,
<0 . : , >0 <0
, <0 <0

y= f(x) x A,
f C f .

:
f xx
C f .
f yy
C f .
!
!!

( ).
4

f
g :

g( x)=
-f (x)
xx)=-f
)=-f
(x )
xx C f .
g ( x )= f (x)
C f
xx xx
.

g ( x )=
)=ff ( x )+
)+cc g ( x )=
)=ff ( x ))-cc , c>0
C f c
.

g ( x )=
)=ff ( x - c ) g ( x )=
)=ff ( x + c ), c>0
C f c
.

1- x, x2
f(x )=
x 2 -5, x> 2

) f(0 ), f(1 ), f(-1), f(2) f(3).

) f.

) : f(0 )=1 - 0=1
0< 2
f(1 )=1 - 1=0
1<2
f(-1 )= 1 -(- 1)=1+ 1=2
-1<2
f(2 )=1 - 2=-1
-2 2
2
f(3 )=3 -5 =9 -5= 4
3> 2
) C f (- ,2] .
. ,
(- 1, 2) (2,-1).
C f (2,+ )
y=x 2 -5 , (2,-1) (3,4).
,
.

2
2

-1

3
-1

f: A R
1
f ( g ( x ))=
h ( x ) (1)
f ( x )+
)+
))=h
(1 )
( f),
x g (x)
f(g
(x)
f( x)=
(x)
(x ) )+
f(g(x)
)+
x)=
(x ) (2)
(1)
(1 ) (2)
f(x),
(1).
(1 ).

f: A R
2
f ( h ( x ))=
f ( g ( x ))+
))+
))=tt ( x ) (1)
( f),
g(x ) x (2)
(2 )
.
(1)
(1 ) (2)
(2 ) f( x ).
4
f: R R
2f( x)-f (1-x )= x 2 +2x- 1
) f.
) g (x)= f(x-2).

) 2f(x )- f(1 - x )= x 2 +2 x-1 (1)
, f (x ) f(1- x). f(x).

x 1- x

. :
2 f(1- x )- f(x)=(1- x) 2 +2(1 - x )-1 2f(1- x )- f( x)=1 -2 x+x 2 +2-2 x-1
(2))
2f (1 -x) -f( x)=x 2 -4 x+2 (2
(1 ) (2
(2)) .
(1)
.
2
2

2 f( x )- f (1- x)= x +2 x-1

4f( x)- 2 f (1- x)=2 x 2 +4 x-2
2f(1- x )- f(x)= x 2 -4x+ 2
2f(1- x)- f(x)= x 2 -4x + 2
3f( x )=3x 2 f(x)= x 2
.
) Cg C f y=x 2 2
.

Cf

Cg

5
f: R R
f( x -3)-2 f(1 - x)= x 2 -2 x, x R
f.

x -3 = y x =y -3 . :
f( y )-2 f (1-y -3) =(y + 3 ) 2 -2 (y+3) f(y)-2f (-y - 2)=y 2 +6y+9- 2y-6
f(y )- 2f(- y-2)= y 2 +4y + 3
y x
f(x)- 2f(- x-2)= x 2 +4x+ 3 (1)
(1 )

.
.
x x-2 , :
f( -x -2 ) -2 f(x) =(- x-2 ) 2 +4(-x - 2)+3 f(-x-2) -2f( x)=x 2 +4x+4- 4x-8+3
(2))
f(-x - 2 )-2f (x )= x 2 -1 (2
(1 ) (2
(2)) .
(1)
f( x)-2 f (- x- 2 )= x 2 +4 x+3
f(- x- 2 )-2 f( x )= x 2 -1

f(x)=- x 2 -

.
2

f( x)- 2 f -x- 2 )= x 2 +4 x+3

2f( -x- 2 )-4 f( x)= 2 x 2 - 2
-3f (x )= 3x 2 +4x+1

4 1
x3 3

f A f
,
x A f -x A f :
f ((-xx )=
)=ff ( x ),
x A f

yy .

f A f
, x A f
- x A f
-f(x),
)=f ((-xx )=
)=-f
x A f

.

>0 ,

f A f
x Af
1. x +T A f ,
x-T Af
2. f( x+T)= f(x- T)= f(x)
>0

xx .
7

6

-2x+ 4,

x -1

f(x )=
-2 x-4, x1
.

f R x R -x R
x -1 x1 f(- x)=-2( - x)- 4=2 x-4= -(- 2 x+4)= - f(x)
x 1 x-1 f(- x )=-2( - x)+ 4 =2 x+4=- (-2 x-4)=- f(x)
.
7
f: R R
f( x+y )+ f(x - y)=2 f (x)+ f(y ), x, y R
f .

x= y =0
f( 0 )+f (0 )= 2 f(0)+ f(0 ) 2f (0)= 3f(0) f(0)= 0
f(0)=0 x=y
f( 0)=0
f( x +x )+ f(x- x)=2f (x )+ f(x ) f( 2x )+f (0)= 3 f(x)

f(2 x )= 3 f(x)
y =- x :
f (2 x)=3 f(x)
f( x - x )+f( x+x )= 2f(x) +f( -x ) f(0)+ f(2 x) =2f( x )+f (-x )
3f (x)= 2f(x) +f( -x) f (x )=- f( x)
f .

C f C g


:
f(x )= g( x),
x A f U Ag

C f

xx , :
f(x)=0,
x A f UAg
yy , x=0 :
y= f(x)
C f

xx
xx
C f
xx , :
f(x )>0 f( x)<0 ,
x Af
C f


C f Cg ,
:
f( x )> g (x) f (x)< g(x),
x A f UAg
8

f( x )= x 3 +2 x 2 -2 x g (x)= x 2 +2 x +2
: ) C f C g.
) C f
C g .

) A f = Ag = R

f( x )= g (x) x 3 +2 x 2 -2 x -2 = x 2 +2 x +2 x 3 +x 2 -4 x-4=0
x 2 ( x +1 )-4( x +1)= 0 (x+1)( x 2 -4)=0

x +1 =0
x 2 -4 =0

x=-1
x 2 =4

x=-1
x = 2
C f Cg (- 1, 1), (-1, 2) (2,10).
) :
f (x)> g( x) f(x)- g(x)>0
x 3 +2 x 2 -2 x -2 > x 2 +2 x+2 x 3 + x 2 -4 x-4>0
x 2 ( x +1 )-4( x +1)> 0 (x+1)( x 2 -4)>0
-

-2

-1

x +1

x 2 -4

( x +1 ) ( x 2 -4 )

x (- 2 , -1 ) (2 , + )

9
f : R R .
C f (- 1,6) , (1,0) (2, 0)
) f
) C f xx yy
) C f xx

C f f (x)= x 2 + x+

f (-1 )= 6 - + =6 (1 )
f (1) = 0 + + =0 (2 )
f (2) = 0 4 +2 + =0 (3 )
(1) (2)
-2 = 6 = -3
(1) (3 )
( 1)

+ =3
4 + =6

- - =-3
4+ =6
3 = 3
=1

(+)

= 2

f( x) = x 2 - 3x+2
) f (x) = 0
C f xx .
f( x) = 0 x 2 - 3x +2 = 0 x =1 x =1
(1 ,0 ) , (2 ,0) .
yy x=0
y = f(x ) y = 0 2 -3 i 0 + 2 y = 2 , x= 0
(0 , 2)
)
f( x )< 0 x 2 -3 x+2 < 0
( )
-

1
+

2
-

+
+

x (1 , 2)

10

.
:
y=f (x) x
. x A f
y
.




.

yy
.
10
10

:
) f( x )= 3 x
2x
) f(x )=
, x (0 ,1) U (1 ,3 )
x 1
) f( x )=l n (1- x)
x
) f(x )=
1+ x
) f( x )= 3 1 x
ex 1
) f( x )= x
e +1

) 3- x 0 x3
Af =( - ,3]
y= f(x )
y= 3 x

x Af
x 3

y 2 =( 3 x ) 2
x3
y0

,
,
y 0 .

y 2 =3- x
x 3
y 0

x= 3-y 2
x3 x3 3- y 2 3 -y 2 0 y 2 0
y 0

y R .
11

y0, f(A) =[0, + ].

) A f =(0, 1) U(1 ,3 )
2x
y=f (x) y=
y( x-1 )= 2x
x 1
(y-2)x = y

x=

yx - y= 2x yx - 2x =y

y
y2

(1))
y-2 0 y 2 (1

y
>0 y(y-2)>0
y2

x (0 ,3) x 1

+
y
0< x<3 0<
<3
y2

y (- ,0) U (2,+ ) (2)

(2 )

y
y
<3
-3<0
y2
y2

y 3y + 6
<0
y2

6 2y
<0
y2
2

(6-2 y)( y-2)< 0

-

y (- ,2) U(3, + ) (3)

(3 )

x 1

y
1 y y -2 0 -2
y2

y :
(1 )
y 2 (1)
(2))
y (- ,0 )U (2,+ ) (2
(3))
y (- ,2 )U (3,+ ) (3
( ).
-

f( A)= (- ,0 )U (3,+ )
) 1- x >0 x <1 A f =( - ,1)
y=f (x) y=l n(1- x ) e y =1-x x= 1-e y
x<1
12

x <1 1- e y <1 - e y <0 e y >0

y f(A)= R .
)
x
,
1 x

x A 1 =(- ,0)

f( x )=

A= A 1 UA 2 =R
x
, x A 2 =[0 + )
1+ x

y= f(x)

y=

x
1 x

y( 1-x)= x

x A1
y-yx = x

x< 0

y= yx +x

y=x( y+1)

x<0
x=

x<0

x< 0

x<0

y
1+ y

y +1 0

y -1 (1)
(1 )

x< 0
-1
y
x< 0
<0 y( 1+y)< 0
1+ y

0
-

(2))
y (-1 ,0 ) (2
(1)
(2
)
(1
)
(2)

(2): f(A 1 )= (-1 ,0) .

y= f(x)

y=

x
1+ x

x A2

x0

y= x -yx

x0
y
x=
1 y

x0

y+y x = x

y( 1+x)= x

y=x( 1-y)

x0

x0

y 1 (3)
(3 )

1- y0
x 0
0

y
0 y( 1-y ) 0
1 y
y [0 ,1] (4
(4))
) f(A 2 )= [0, 1).
(3 ) (4
(4)
(3)
(4):
f()= A 1 UA 2 =(-1, 0) U[0 ,1 ) =(- 1,1).
x 0

1
+

13

) 1- x0
y= f(x )
x 1

x1

y= 3 1 x
x 1

A f =(- ,1]

y 3 =[ 3 1 x ] 3
x 1
y0

,

, y 0 .

y 3 =1 -x x= 1 -y 3
x 1 1- y 3 1 -y 3 0 y 3 0 y0
y y0
f(A) =[0,+ ).
) A f =R
ex 1

y=f (x) y= x
e +1

y( e x +1)=e x -1 ye x +y= e x -1

ye x -e x = -y-1 e x (y -1)= -y -1 e x =
y -1 0
e x >0

y 1
y +1
ex=
y 1
1 y

(5))
y 1 (5
y +1
>0
1 y

(y +1 )( 1-y)> 0

-1
-

1
+

(6))
y (-1 ,1 ) (6
x R , y (5)
(5 ) (6)
(6 ), y
(-1 , 1) f (A)=(- 1, 1).

f g , :
1. A ,
2. x A f(x)= g (x)
!
!!
f : A R g: B R A B.
x f( x)= g( x ), f g
.

14

!
!!
f,g ,
A
f(x )= g (x ), x A.
!
!!
.

11
11
f g , .
. f g R
f= g .
) f( x )= x 2 2x + 1

g(x)= x 1

) f(x )= ln x 2

g(x)=2 ln x

) f(x )=

x2 4
x 2

) f(x )= ln

(x + 3)2
2x

g( x )= x +2

g(x)= 3 ln (x+3)- ln (2- x)

) x 2 -2 x +1 = (x-1 ) 2 0 x R
f = R .
x-1 0 x 1
x 1

g(x) = x 1 =
Ag = R
(x 1) x-1< 0 x<1

f( x )=

x 2 2x + 1 =

(x 1) 2 = x 1 = g ( x) x R

) x 2 >0 x 0 f = R *
x >0 x 0 g = R *
f(x )= ln x 2 = ln x
x2= x
)

= 2 ln x =g( x ) x R *

x -2 0 x 2 x 2

f = R { 2} g = R f g fg
= f g = R { 2}

2

x 22
( x 2)( x + 2)
x2 4
f( x)=
=
=
= x + 2 =g( x) x
x 2
x 2
x 2

15

x2= x

(x + 3)3
>0 ( x+3) 3 (2 - x) >0
2x
-
(x+3) 3
2- x
.

x (-3 , 2)

-3

+
+

+
-

A f = (-3 , 2)

x + 3 > 0
x > 3

x (-3 , 2)
2 x > 0
x<2

A g = (-3 , 2) = A f

12
12
f (x)=

x +1
2x 2 + 2x +
g(x)=
, R
x 1
2(x 2 1)

x >0 .
) f g.
) f= g;

) x >0 f
x -1 0 x 1 A f =(0, 1) U(1,+ )
g
x 2 -1 0 x 2 1 x 1

x>0
x 1 Ag =(0 ,1) U(1,+ )
A f =Ag
) A f = Ag
f( x )= g(x) . :
f( x )= g (x )

x +1
2x 2 + 2x +

=
x 1
2(x 2 1)

x +1
2x 2 + 2x +
=
1
2(x + 1)

(x 1)

2( x +1) 2 =2 x 2 +2 x+

2 x 2 +4 x +2= 2 x 2 +2 x+

x +1
2x 2 + 2x +
=
x 1
2(x 1)(x + 1)

4= 2

=2.

2=

16

:
f + g : (f +g )( x)= f(x)+ g(x),

f - g : (f- g )( x)= f( x)- g( x ),

f .g : ( f.g )( x)= f (x).g( x ),

f g : .

f
f
f (x)
: ( )( x )=
,
g
g
g(x)
x g (x)=0

,
.
,

.
, .

.
,


:
1. .
2.


.
3.
.
13
x 2 2x + 1
x+2
, g ( x) = 2
.
2
x 3x + 2
x 4
f
) (f + g )( x )
) (f g )( x )
) ( fg )( x)
)
(x)
g

f(x ) =

f x 2 -3 x +1 0 x1 x 2 A f = R {1,2}
17

f x 2 -4 0 x 2 4 x 2 A g = R {- 2 , 2 }
= = R - { -2 , 1 , 2 }
) (f + g) ( x) = f( x ) + g( x ) =

x 2 2x + 1
x+2
(x 1)2
1
x 1
1
x
+
=
+
=
+
=
(x 1)(x 2) (x + 2)(x 2) (x 1)(x 2) x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
x
=

) (f g) ( x ) = f( x ) - g( x ) =

) (f g ) ( x ) = f( x ) g ( x ) =

x 1
1
x2
=
= 1 ,
x 2
x2
x2

x 1
1
x 1

=
x 2 x 2 (x 2) 2

x 1
f
f (x)
(x 1)(x 2)
)
(x ) =
= x2 =
= x- 1
1
g
g(x)
x2
x2
x+2
x+2
1
g ( x) 0 2
0
0
0 1 0
x 4
(x 2)(x + 2)
x 2
.
14
14
f ( x ) = x 1

x 2 1 x 2
2x + 1 x< 2

, g( x) =

( f + g )( x)

f
( x ).
g

x 1 = f1 (x) x-1 0 x 1
f ( x ) =
-x+1 = f 2 (x) x-1<0 x < 1

x 2 1 = g1 (x) x 2
g(x ) =
2x + 1 = g 2 (x) x< 2

-
1
2
+
f( x )
f 2 (x )
f 1 (x)
f 1 (x)
g(x)

g 2 (x ) g 2 (x)

g 1 (x)

x <1
(f + g) ( x ) = f 2 (x ) + g 2 (x ) = -x + 1 + 2 x + 1 = x + 2

18

f
f (x)
x + 1
(x) = 2
=
g
g 2 (x)
2x + 1

x -

1
2

1 x <2
(f + g) ( x ) = f 1 (x ) + g 2 (x ) = x- 1 + 2 x + 1 = 3x

f
f (x)
x 1
(x) = 1
=
g
g 2 (x)
2x + 1

x -

1
2

x 2
(f + g) ( x ) = f 1 (x ) + g 1 (x ) = x- 1 + x 2 -1 = x 2 + x -2

f
f (x)
x 1
1
(x) = 1
= 2
=
g
g1 (x)
x 1
x +1

x -1

x + 2
x <1

(f + g) ( x ) = 3x
1 x<2
x 2 + x 2 x 2

x + 1
2x + 1

f
x 1
(x) =
g
2x + 1
1
x +1

1
- x<1
2
1 x < 2
x2

( ):
,
:
1. f + g= g+ f
2. f+(g +h)= (f +g)+ h
3. f+0 = f
4. f+(- f)= 0
5. f.g= g .f
6. (f .g) .h= f .(g .h)
7. 1 .f= f,
1( x)=1
8. f(g +h )= fg +fh
9. (f +g)= .f+ .g
10 ( + )f= f+ f
11 ( .) f= ( .f )
12 1.f= f

19

f g A f Ag.
f g g f
:
1. A g f ={ x A f f(x ) Ag}
2. ( g f )( x )= g(f (x))
!
!!

.
Ag = R Ag f =A f
f g g f , :
1. A f g ={ x A g g( x ) A f }
2. ( f g )( x )= f( g (x))
!
!!
.
f, g , h , (f g) h=f ( g h)
.

15
15
f (x )=2 x -1, x [-3, 3] g(x)=5 -2 x ,x [3,7].
f g g f.

A f =[-3, 3] Ag=[3, 7].
A f o g ={ x Ag g( x) A f }= { x [3,7] 5- 2 x [-3, 3]} =
={ x [3 ,7] x [- 1,4 ]}=[ 3 ,4]
1
-3 5- 2 x 3

-3 - 5 -2 x3- 5
( 2)

-8 -2 x-2

4x1

:
(f g )( x )= f(g( x)) =2 g (x)-1=2 ( 5-2 x )- 1=10 -4 x-1=9-4 x
g f . :
Ag f ={ x A f f (x ) Ag}= { x [- 3, 3] 2x -1 [3,7]}=
={ x [-3 ,3 ] x [2 ,4]}=[ 2 ,3]
-3
2 3
4
20

3 2 x -1 7 3+ 1 2x 7+ 1
4 2 x 8 2x4

:
(g f)( x )= g(f( x)) =5-2 f( x)= 5-2 (2 x-1)=5- 4 x+2=7- 4 x
f g g h .

16
16
f A f =( -1,2 ].
f (2 x-1 ).
) f g g f.
) ( f g)( x).( g h )( x)=-1 x -1,0,1

g(x )=2 x -1 Ag= R ,
h( x )=f (2 x -1 ) =f( g(x )) =(f g) (x)
A h =A f og ={x A g g( x) A f }= { x R 2x - 1 (- 1, 2]} =
3
3
={ x R x (0 , ]} =(0, ]
2
2
-1 <2 x -1 2 -1 +1 <2 x2+ 1 0<2 x3 0< x

3
2

17
17
1 x
1+ x
g(x)=
1+ x
1 x
) f g g f.
) ( f g)( x).( g h )( x)=-1 x -1,0,1
f (x )=

) A f =R -{ -1 } Ag= R -{1}
A f o g ={ x Ag g ( x) A f }= { x 1

1+ x
-1}= R-{1}
1 x

1+ x
-1 1+ x -1 + x 1 -1
1 x
1 + x 1 x 1 x
1
1 g(x)
2x(1 x)
1 x =
1 x
(f g) (x)= f(g( x ))=
=
=
=-x
1 + g(x) 1 + 1 + x 1 x + 1 + x
2(1 x)
1 x
1 x
1 x
, A g o f ={x A f f(x) Ag }= {x -1
1} =
1+ x
={x -1 x 0}= R-{ -1, 0}

21

1 x
1 1- x 1+ x 2x 0 x 0
1+ x
1 x 1+ x +1 x
1+
1 + f (x)
2(1 + x) 1
1+ x =
1+ x
(g f)(x ) =g(f (x)) =
=
=
=
1 f (x) 1 1 x 1 + x 1 + x 2x(1 + x) x
1+ x
1+ x
) x R -{ 0, -1, 1}
1
(f g)( x)( g h )( x)=(- x) . = -1
x

18
18
f
f(3 x +2)= 9 x 2 -3 x+1 x R
f .

3 x +2= w 3x= w-2 x=

w 2
, :
3

f(3 x +2 ) =9 x 2 -3 x+1
w 2 2
w 2
f(w) =9(
) -3 (
)+1
3
3
w 2 4w + 4
w 2
f(w) =9
-3
+1
9
3
f(w) =w 2 -4w+4- w+2 + 1
f(w) =w 2 -5w+7
f( x)= x 2 -5 x+7 x R .

19
19
f
(f g)( x )= x 2 +5 x -1, x R g (x)= x-2

(f g) (x)= x 2 +5 x-1 f( g (x)) x 2 +5x-1 f(x-2) =x 2 +5x-1
x -2= w x=w+2, :
f(x -2 ) =x 2 +5 x -1
f( w)= (w +2 ) 2 +5 (w +2 )-1
f( w)= w 2 +4 w+ 4+5w +10-1
f(w) =w 2 +9 w+ 13
f( x)= x 2 +9 x+13 x R .
20
20
f(x)=2 x +5 g (x)= x+ ,
:
f g= g f


f,g R,

f g g f

22

A f = Ag=R , A f o g =A g o f =R
: (f g)( x )=( g f)( x )
f( g (x))= g(f (x ))
2 g (x)+5= f (x )+
2( x+ )+5= (2 x+5)+ 2x+2 +5= 2x + 5+


2 =2
2 +5 =5 +

-5 +5=0

21
21
g f(g (x))= x 2 +4 x-2,

f(g ( x)) =2 g(x)-1

f(g(x ))= x 2 +4 x-2

f(x)=2 x-1.

2g(x)- 1= x 2 +4 x-2
2g(x)= x 2 +4 x-1
1
1
g(x)= x 2 +2 x2
2

22
22
f: R R (f f)( x)= 4 - x x R.
f(2 )=2 .

f(2)= . .
(f f)(x ) =4 -x f(f( x ))= 4 -x (1
(1))
x =2 (1) : f (f(2 ))= 4 -2 f (f(2))= 2 f ()=2
f()=2

x = (1) : f(f( ))=4-

f(2)=4-

=4-

2=4 =2
f(2)=2.
23
23

x 2 1 x 2
f( x )=
x + 1 x< 2

x 2 x x 3
g(x )=
x < 3
2x

f g.


23

x 2 1 = f1 (x)
f( x )=
x + 1 = f 2 (x)
f1 g1:

f1g1 ={ x

x 2
x< 2

x 2 x = g1 (x) x 3
g(x)=
x < 3
2x = g 2 (x)

Ag 1 g 1 ( x ) Af 1 }= { x<3 x 2 -x<2}=

={ x <3 -1 < x<2} =( -1 ,2 )

-1

x 2 -x <2 x 2 - x -2 <0 x (-1, 2)

2
-

+
+

:
(f 1 g 1 )( x)= f 1 (g 1 (x ))= g12 (x)-1 =( x 2 -x) 2 -1= x 4 -2 x 3 +x-1
f1 g2:
Af 1 g 2 ={ x Ag 2 g 2 ( x ) Af 1 }= { x3 2x <2}=
={ x 3 x<1} =
f 1 g 2
f2 g1:
Af 2 g 1 ={ x Ag 1 g 1 (x ) A f 2 }= { x <3 x 2 -x2} =
={ x <3 x (- ,-1] U [2 ,+ )}=(- ,-1] U[2,3)
-
-1
x 2 -x 2 x 2 - x -2 0 x (- ,-1] U[2,+ )

2
-

+
+

:
(f 2 g 1 )( x)= f 2 (g 1 (x ))= g 1 ( x)+ 1= x 2 -x+1
f2 g2:
Af 2 g 2 ={ x Ag 2 g 2 ( x ) Af 2 }= { x3 2x 2} =
={ x 3 x 1}= [3, + )
:
(f 2 g 2 )( x)= f 2 (g 2 (x ))= g 2 ( x)+ 1=2 x+1

:
x 4 -2 x 3 + x-1 ,
(f g )( x )= f(g( x )) =

x 2 -x+1,
2x+1,

x (-1, 2)
x (- ,-1] U[2,3)
x [3,+ )

//

f (x) x A1
g (x) x B1
f(x ) = 1
g(x)= 1
f 2 (x) x A 2
g 2 (x) x B2
fog

f 1 og 1 , f 1 og 2 , f 2 og 1 , f 2 og 2 .

24

24
24
f(x)=2 x -1 f (e g ( x ) )=2 x 2 +3 g (x).

f(e g ( x ) )=2 x 2 +3 2e g ( x ) -1 =2 x 2 +3 2e g ( x ) =2x 2 +4 e g ( x ) =x 2 +2
e g ( x ) >0 x 2 +2>0
g (x)= ln (x 2 +2) R .

25
25
g (x )= x +2 f(ln g ( x)) = x 2 -3 f( x ).

f(l n g (x )) =x 2 -3 f( ln( x+2)) =x 2 -3 (1)
(1 )
ln (x +2)= w x +2= e w x=e w -2
e w >0 x +2>0 x >-2
(1 ) :
(1)
f( w)=( e w -2 ) 2 -3 f (w )= e 2 w -4 e w +4-3 f(w )= e 2 w -4 e w +1
f( x )= e 2 x -4 e x +1
x>-2 e w -2 >-2 e w >0 .
R .

25