71.

beta-carotene vitamin A

carotenoid
carotenoids
all-trans beta-carotene


retinol
beta-carotene
beta-carotene dioxygenase

Retinaldehyde (Retinal)

Retinol Retinoic acid

3 Retinaldehyde , Retinol
Retinoic acid

Reference: Jaypees Review of Med. Biochemistry.

Jaypee Brothers Publishers; 2005. 436 p.
72. vitamin A

2 rod cell
cone cell
rhodopsin
visual purple rod cell visual violet cone cell
Rhodopsin rod cell
ratinal retinal-opsin complex
11-cis retinal rhodopsin
11-cis retinal alltrans retinal
rhodopsin

(optic nerve ending)

all-trans retinal
11-cis retinal

Reference: The Mechanism for Vitamin A

Improvements in Night Vision [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jun
13]. Available from:
http://www.ebmconsult.com/articles/vitamin-a-eyevision-mechanism
74. rose hip
Rose hip
GOPO
Galacotolipid (glycoside of mono and diglycerol)

( Reduce MMP expression)

(Reduce COX-II expression)



82% 3 (Winther et al.
Scand J Rheumatol 2005 ; 34:302-308)

Reference: Rose Hip

: Nutramedica []. [ 13
2016]. : http://www.nutramedica.co.th/healthnews/general-health/rose-hip%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%
E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E

0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%
E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD
%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB/

75. Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Bilberry

(macula)



2.0-6.9


lutein zeaxanthin
carotenoids retina
macula lutein
zeaxanthin
ligh-induced oxidative damage
(age-related macular degeneration)

 lutein zeaxanthin 6
mg/day
Bilberry Anthocyanin
antiocidant

reactive oxygen species

NF-kappa8 redox sensitive transcription
factor retina
Reference:
-

Miyake S, Takahashi N, Sasaki M, Kobayashi S,

Kazuo Tsubota K, Ozawa Y. Vision preservation
during retinal inflammation by anthocyanin-rich
bilberry extract: cellular and molecular mechanism.
Laboratory Investigation. 2012;92(1):1029

- Carotenoids | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State

University [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jun 13]. Available
from: http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietaryfactors/phytochemicals/carotenoids
- (Lutein) ? | []. [ 13
2016]. : http://

.com/
%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%
B5%E0%B8%99-lutein%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD
%E0%B8%AD
%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3/