Workshop on

Transportation of OIL & GAS through Pipelines

PRESENTATION ON

FLOW OF PRESENTATION
Over view of safety of pipeline

Design codes/standards/safety guidelines

followed in Petroleum Pipelines

M.R.DWIBEDY
SPJM(HSE),IOCL PL, NOIDA

Advantages of Pipeline Transportation

Lower cost of transportation

Lower transit losses

Lower energy intensiveness

Economies of scale

Safety and Reliability - minimum disruptions

Environment friendliness

Multi-product handling

Stationary carrier

Augmentation at low cost

Minimal land costs

Decongestion of surface transport systems

Codes / Standards / guidelines to

be followed/to be complied in
Oil/Gas pipeline

Codes & Standards being followed

Sl.
No

Standard

Description

Usage

01

ANSI B31.4

Pipeline Transportation System for Liquid

Hydrocarbons and other liquids

To Estblish Requirement
for safe Design

02

OISD 118

Layouts for Oil & Gas Installation

Lay out various blocks

of station

03

OISD 117

Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum

Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations
and Lube Oil Installations

F/F Facility

04

API 5L

Specification for Line Pipes

M/L Pipe

05

ASTM A106 Gr.B

Station Pipes

06

ASTM A53 Gr.B

Station Pipes

07

IS 3589

Codes & Standards being followed

Sl.
No

Standard

14

API 610

Centrifugal Pumps for

Petroleum, Petrochemical
and Natural Gas Industries

MLPU, BPU

09

API 650

Welded Steel Tanks for Oil

Storage

Tanks

10

BS 5355

Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines

Engines

11

API 6D

Pipeline
Transportation Valves
System -Pipeline Valves

12

API 600

Gate Valves

13

BS 1868

Swing Check Valves

Station Pipes

Std.

Description

Usages

Design ASME Section VIII,

QOC- BS EN 10222
Door Closure BS PD 5500

Barrels

15

Design ASME Section VIII Div-I

Sump Tank

16

Material- ASTM A 234 WPB, MSS SP 75 WPHY 52,65

Dimension- ANSI 16.25, MSS SP75
Inspection ANSI B16.9, MSS SP 75

Fittings

17

Material- ASTM A 105,

Mfg/Dimension- ANSI B16. 5, MSS SP 44, API 605

Flanges

18

API 1589, API 1581

Separator Filter
Elements

19

Usages

08

Codes & Standards being followed

S.N.

Description

Material- ASTM A 216 WCB,

Design- ANSI B16 104, ANSI B 16.5,

Control Valves

Codes & Standards being followed

Sl.
No

Standard

Description

Usages

21

API -1104

Welding of Pipeline and related

Facilities

Welding

22

IS- 5120
BS- 5514

Pump Design
Engine Testing

Fire Fighting Pumping

Units

23

ASME Section
VIII Div-I

24

API Standard
601

Metallic Gasket for Raised-Face Pipe

Flanges and Flanged Connections
(Double-Jacketed Corrugated and
spiral-wound)

Gaskets

25

API Standard
526

Flanged Steel Pressure Relief valves

Relief Valves

26

ANSI/API
Standard 602

Steel Gate, Globe and Check Valves for

sizes DN 100 and smaller for the
petroleum and Natural gas Industries

27

API Standard
2510

Design and Construction of LPG

installations

Insulating Coupling

Codes & Standards being followed

Sl.
No

Standard

Description

28

OISD-STANDARD214

Cross Country LPG Pipelines

29

ASME B 31.8-2003

Gas Transmission and Distribution

Piping System

30

API 520, 526, 527,

ASME section VIII

Pressure Relieving devices

31

BS 1873

Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD)

Usages

TRVs
Globe Valves

OISD : Function
 Formulation of New Standards & Upgrading the existing standards OISD constitutes number of functional committees comprising of
experts nominated from industry to draw up standards various topics
like layout of installations, design, engineering, maintenance,
operations etc. There are more than100 standards.
 Training & Development- Workshops, Seminar & Publications etc
 External Safety Audit- Safety Audit of various facilities in upstream and
down stream oil sector
 Safety Performance Evaluation/Safety Awards
OISD safety awards were instituted in order to inculcate
competitiveness among oil companies to improve their safety
performance.

Safety performance is evaluated considering total loss concept i.e,
fatalities, fires, lost time, direct & indirect losses etc. And also the
hazard potentials.

OISD (Oil industry safety directorate) , set up in 1986, is

technical directorate under the Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural gas that formulates and co-ordinates the
implementation of a series of self regulatory measures
aimed at enhancing the safety in the oil & gas industry
in India.

OISD : Function
 Safety Performance Evaluation/Safety Awards
OISD safety awards were instituted in order to inculcate
competitiveness among oil companies to improve their safety
performance.

Safety performance is evaluated considering total loss concept
i.e, fatalities, fires, lost time, direct & indirect losses etc. And also
the hazard potentials.
 Assisting Safety Council of MOP&NG - Appraisal on monitoring
of implementation of ESA recommendation, Safety performance
evaluation, Accident reporting, Investigation & analysis, Training
programs/workshops, Ratification of amendments of standards,
Adoption of standards etc.
 Steering
Committee
meeting
with
principal
panellistAmendments of standards, Identification of subjects for
preparation of standards, monitoring of implementation ESA
recommendation,Various items for Industry

OISD : Function
 Assisting Safety Council of MOP&NG - Appraisal on monitoring of
implementation of ESA recommendation, Safety performance
evaluation, Accident reporting, Investigation & analysis, Training
programs/workshops, Ratification of amendments of standards,
Adoption of standards etc.
 Steering Committee meeting with principal panellist- Amendments of
standards, Identification of subjects for preparation of standards,
monitoring of implementation ESA recommendation,

OISD Standards (Applicable for Pipelines)

STANDARDS

SUBJECT

OISD -Std-105
OISD -GDN-115
OISD -Std-117
OISD -Std-118
OISD -Std-130
OISD -Std-132
OISD -Std-137
OISD -Std-138
OISD -Std-139
OISD -Std-140
OISD -Std-141

Work Permit System

Guideline for fire fighting equipment
Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depots and Terminals
Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations
Inspection pipes, valves and fittings
Inspection of pressure relieving devices
Inspection of electrical equipment
Inspection of cross country pipelines Onshore
Inspection of pipelines Offshore
Inspection of jetty pipelines
Design and Construction requirements for cross country
hydrocarbon pipelines
Inspection of fire fighting equipments and systems
Guidelines on Internal Safety Audits (Procedures and
Checklist)

OISD -Std-142
OISD -GDN-145

OISD Standards (Applicable for Pipelines)

OISD Standards(Incorporated in Petroleum Rules, 2002)

STANDARDS

SUBJECT

Standards

Subjects

OISD -Std-149
OISD -Std-154
OISD -Std-155

Design aspects for safety in electrical systems

Safety aspects in functional training
Personnel Protective Equipment
Part I Non-respiratory equipment
Part II Respiratory Equipment
Guidelines for Occupational Health Monitoring in Oil and
Gas Industry
Fire Protection System for Electrical Installations
Safety practice during construction
Guidelines for development of contingency plan for oil Spill
Response
Guidelines on Safety Management System in Petroleum
Industry.
Guidelines on Environmental Audit (Internal) in down stream
petroleum sector

OISD-STD-105
OISD-STD-116

Work permit system

Fire protection facilities for petroleum refineries and
oil/gas processing plants
Fire protection facilities for petroleum depots, terminals
and pipeline
Layout of oil & gas installations
Design & Construction requirements for Cross Country
hydrocarbon pipeline
Fire fighting facilities for Port Oil Terminals

OISD -GDN-166
OISD -Std-173
OISD -GDN-192
OISD -GDN-200
OISD-GDN-206
OISD GDN 212

OISD-STD-117
OISD-STD-118
OISD-STD-141
OISD-STD-156

More OISD standards may be included in Act / Rules

OISD-STD-117:

Fire protection facilities for petroleum

Depots, Terminals and Pipeline

OISD-STD-117:

Fire protection facilities for petroleum

Depots, Terminals and Pipeline

Scope : Fire protection facilities in petroleum Depots, Terminals and

Pipeline installation with or without storage Central Tank Farms
(CTF). Lube Oil Installations, Grease Manufacturing & Filling
Facilities.
Design criteria: One single largest risk for installation with storage capacity
up to 30000 kl and Double fire Risk for storage capacity
more than 30000 kl.

Fire water system

Flow rate

Fire water distribution net work

Hydrants and Monitors

Material Specifications

Fixed Water Spray System

Foam system

Halon protection system

First Aid fire fighting equipment

Header Pressure

Storage

Hoses, nozzles & Accessories

Fire Pumps

Mobile fire equipments

Jockey pumps

Communication

Fire Safety Training

OISD-STD-118: Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations

OISD-STD-118: Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations

Minimum requirements of layouts within the plant boundary for

petroleum refineries, oil/ gas production and processing plant.

 Lay out of Blocks/Facilities

Plant Layout Philosophy:

Basic information

 Layout of Process Units

Blocks

Roads

Erection and maintenance

Scope :

General considerations

Inter distances

Process Equipment

Control Room and Sub station

Equipment Spacing within process units

 Layout of Storage tanks

Dyked enclosures

Grouping

Fire Walls

Inter - Distances for Tanks/Offsite facilities

MINIMUM INTERDISTANCES BETWEEN

BLOCKS/FACILITIES
S.No.

From \ To

S.No. From \ To

11. Boiler House/

heaters

45

30

90

90

90

30

30

50

12. Rail spur

30

30

30

30

50

13. Boundary fence 60

around installation

30

T6

T6

30

30

50

T8

45

30

60

14. Service buildings 60

15

60

30

90

90

90

90

30

30

30

30

150

150

150

150

15. Cooling towers,

water storage,
nitrogen plant

30

50

30

50

50

90

16. API Separators/

oil sludge pit

90

30

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1.

Process Units

36

***

30

45

30

60

90

150

45

60

45

30

60

60

30

90

2.

Process Control
Room

***

**

45

30

60

90

150

45

30

30

30

15

30

3.

Storage Tank
Class A

30

**

T3 &
T5

T3 &
T5

T3 &
T5

30

90

150

30

60

90

30

T6

60

4.

Storage Tank
Class B

45

45

T3 &
T5

T3 &
T5

T3 &
T5

30

90

150

30

60

90

30

T6

30

5.

Storage Tank
Class C

30

30

T3 &
T5

T3 &
T5

T3 &
T5

30

90

150

30

60

90

30

T6

6.

Storage Vessels
60
(Pressure) LPG/Other

60

30

30

30

T7

90

150

30

90

90

30

7.

Flares-elevated

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

150

90

90

90

90

8.

Flares-ground

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

9.

Bulk loading racks

(rail/road) LPG/POL

45

45

30

30

30

30

90

150

T7 90/60

30

60

30

60

60

60

90

90

150 90/60

10. Fire stations/

First aid centre

T7 T6/T760

30

30

12

12

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

90

90 150

30

30

15

50

30

30

90

30

30

90 150

T7

30

15

30

15

50

T6

T8

90 150 T6/T7 12

50

30

30

50

30

45

90 150

60

12

30

30

50

30

30

90 150

30

30

30

15

30

30

15

50

60

90 150

50

90

90

50

50

50

15

TABLE-2
MINIMUM INTERDISTANCES BETWEEN EQUIPMENTS WITHIN PROCESS UNIT
This table could be used by the oil companies as a guideline for their projects. These could be suitably modified as required to suit space constraints and relevant engineering
practices. NOTE 1
S.No.

From \ To

1. Fired heaters/
any fired equip.

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

- 15 15 15 22.5 15 15 20 15

15 1516/30 15

- 18 15

20

6 30 15

15

2. Reactors

15

7 15

3 16

- 15

5 15

3 15 15

3. Distillation
columns

15

4 7.5

5 15

3 20

- 15

3 15

3 15 15

5 15

4. Accumulators
(Hydrocarbon)
5. Gas compressors
(Hydrocarbon)

15
22.5

3 20

- 15

3 15

3 15 15

8 7.5

3 7.5 15 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 16

- 15

4 15

3 20 15

7.5

5 7.5

- 15

3 15

- 15 15

- 15 15 15

- 15 15

15

6. Hot oil transfer

pumps

15

7. Fuel Oil Day tank

15 15 15 15 15 7.5

8. Pump for Class A &

all products above
auto-ignition temp.

20

4 7.5

1 15

2 16

- 15

3 15

- 15 15

9. Pumps - other
Hydrocarbon

15

4 7.5

1 15

2 16

- 15

3 15

- 15 15

10. Heat Exchanger Hydrocarbon

15

2 7.5

2 15

2 16

- 15

2 15

2 15 15

11. Air Fin CoolersHydrocarbon

15

3 7.5

2 15

- 16

- 15

2 15

- 15 15

12. Control room

13. Snuffing/purging
steam isolation
valve
14. Fired heaters
control panel (local)

1 7.51

1 1

2 16

2 15 15 15 15 16

16/30 16 20 20 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
15

- 16 20 16
2

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20

15. Pressure Vessel/

Drums
(Hydrocarbon)

18

3 15

16. Fire water

hydrants/monitors

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

17. Pipe rack (main)

3 - -

2 16

- 16

2 10

2 15

- 15 15
-

3 15 15

- 15 15 -

3 15

- 15 15

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

20. Structural main

(Technological
platforms)

15

- 15 15

- 10 15

19. Water spray

Deluge valve

16

- 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 20

- 15 5

30 15 15 15 20 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 15 15 15 15 15

18. Blow down facility

(pumps, drums,
stacks)

- 16 16 5

- 16

TABLE - 2 (Contd...)
S.No.From \ To

3 7.5

- 15

2 16

- 15

15

5 15 15

- 15 15 -

- 15 -

Layout for oil and Gas Installation

Layout for oil and Gas Installation

Storage tanks

control room

Control room should be located distinctly in the process
block and should at a safe distance where protection to
instrument and personal is ensured.. It should have
alternate means of exist with doors opening to outside.
Door should be of fire proof materials

Control should
occupancy.

be

designed

to

cater

minimum

Transformer should be located on open area on the rear

side of sub station. Each transformer shall be isolated
from other by a brick wall.. Approach road should be
made to facilitate crane movement for maintenance and
erection.

Dyked enclosure

Petroleum storage tanks shall be located in dyked
enclosure with road al around the enclosure

Aggregate capacity of tanks located in one dyked
enclosure shall not exceed the following values

for group of floating tanks - 120,000 CU.M.

for group of fixed roof tanks - 60,000 CU.M.

If a group of tanks contain both fixed and floating roof
tanks then it shall be trated as a group of fixed roof tank
for the purpose of above limits.

Layout for oil and Gas Installation - Storage tanks

INTERDISTANCES BETWEEN STORAGE TANKS/OFFSITE FACILITIES

Dyked enclosure should be able to contain the complete

contents of the largest tank in the tank farm in case of
emergency

S.No.

From \ To

9
15

1.

Storage tank for petroleum

class A

T5

T5

T5

15

15

15

15

2.

Storage tank for petroleum

class B

T5

T5

T5

15

15

15

15

15

3.

Storage tank for petroleum

class C

T5

T5

T5

15

4.

Storage / filling shed for

petroleum class A or
class B

15

15

15

15

15

15

5.

Storage/filling shed for

petroleum class C

15

15

6.

Tank vehicle loading/

unloading area for
petroleum class A or B

15

15

15

15

Smoking Booth

7.

Tank vehicle loading/

unloading area for
petroleum class C

15

15

15

Smoking booths shall be located at least 30mt away

from any hydrocarbon sources/ facility and preferably
upwind.

8.

Flame proof electric pump

motor

9.

Non-flame proof electric

pump motor

15

15

15

15

Enclosure capacity shall be calculated after deducting

the volume of the tanks( other than the largest tank )
up to the height of the enclosure.

A free board of 200 mm above the calculated liquid level
shall be considered for fixing the height of the dyke.

INTERDISTANCES BETWEEN STORAGE TANKS

Sl. Item
No.

1.

2.

Floating Roof Fixed Roof Class C

Tanks Tanks (Class Petroleum
A & B Petroleum

All tanks with diameters

upto 50 metres

(D + D) / 4

All tanks with diameters

exceeding 50 metres

(D + d) / 4

(D + d) / 4

(D + d) / 6

(D + d) / 3

(D + d) / 4

DISTANCES FROM BOUNDARY FENCING

S.No.

1.

Storage tank for Petroleum Class A

**

2.

Storage tank for Petroleum Class B

**

3.

Storage tank for Petroleum Class C

**

4.

Storage/filling shed for Petroleum

Class A or Class B

15

5.

Storage/filling shed for Petroleum

Class C

10

6.

Tank vehicle loading/unloading area

for class A & B petroleum

20

7.

Tank vehicle loading/unloading area

for class C petroleum

10

INTERDISTANCES FOR LPG FACILITIES

S.No.

From \ To

LPG Storage vessels

T8

30

30

30

15

60

2.

Boundary/property line/
group of buildings, not
associated with LPG plant

T8

30

30

30

30

**

3.

Shed-LPG/Cold repair shed/

cylinder evacuation facilities

30

30

15

30

30

15

60

4.

Tank Wagon Gantry

Tank Truck Gantry

30

30

30

50

50

30

60

5.

Rail spurs

30

30

30

50

50

30

60

6.

Pump house/Comp.
house(LPG)

15

30

15

30

30

60

Fire Pump house

60

7.

**

60

60

60

60

Notes :
1.

2.

3.

INTERDISTANCES BETWEEN LPG STORAGE VESSELS AND

BOUNDARY / PROPERTY LINE / GROUP OF BUILDINGS
NOT ASSOCIATED WITH LPG FACILITIES

1.

All distances are in metres.

Notation:
T8 Refer Table - 8
* 1/4 of sum of diameters of adjacent vessels or half the diameter of the larger of the two adjacent vessels whichever is
greater.
** Any distance for operational convenience.
Distance of stabling line shall be as per minimum Railway Standards.

Minimum Distance
from Boundary
fencing around
Installation

Installation

S.No.

Capacity of
Each Vessel
(Cum.M. of water)

Distance

1.

10 - 20

15

2.

21 - 40

20

3.

41. 350

30

4.

351 - 450

40

5.

451 - 750

60

6.

751 - 3800

90

OISD-STD-141: Design and construction requirements for

cross country hydrocarbon pipelines

Contd.

Valves

Bends

Scope :Minimum requirements for design, materials, construction,

assembly, inspection, testing and safety aspects of operation
and maintenance.

Design

 Materials
 Construction, Welding and Assembly

Dynamic effects

Weight effects

Zone location

Allowable stress value

Corrosion

Pressure design

Location

Bends

Handling, hauling, Stringing and Storing

Ditching

Installation of pipe in ditch

Special Crossing

Advantages of Pipeline Transportation

Contd
 Block valves and Isolating valves
 Pump station, Tank farm and Terminal
construction.
 Inspection and Testing

Type and Extent of Examination required

Testing

 Commissioning
 Operation and Maintenance procedures
 Corrosion control

Protective coating

Cathodic protection system

Lower cost of transportation

Lower transit losses

Lower energy intensiveness

Economies of scale

Safety and Reliability - minimum disruptions

Environment friendliness

Multi-product handling

Stationary carrier

Augmentation at low cost

Minimal land costs

Decongestion of surface transport systems