Previous Years' Questions JEE Main and Advanced (2014-10) Sets, Relation-Function 1. IX =(4" -3n—1:n eN) and 3. Let R be the set of real numbers Y ={9(n-1):n EN}; where Nis Statement | the set of natural numbers, then A={(x, y) Rx R:y-xisan X UYis equal to [JEEMain 2014) integer} is an equivalence relation @N (bo) ¥-X onR. @x oy Statement Il Sol. (d) Ba{(x,y)eRx R:x =aytor X=(4" ~3n 1: eN} some rational number a} is an X= (0,954,243...) equivalence relation on R. [AIEEE2011) [putn = 42,3...) (a) Statement |is true, Statement Il is Y={9(-:ne ‘rue; Statement Ilis not a correct ¥=(0,1,1827,...) explanation of Statement | itis clear that Xc ¥. tement lis true, Statement Il is XuY=¥ (c) Statement lis false, Statement lis 2 1g isthe inverge of a function f true and f’ (x) =z, then g! (x) is (@ Statement lis true, Staternent Il is +x ‘rue; Statement Ilis a correct equal to [JEEMain 2014) explanation of Statement | (142° Condition for equivalence (b) 5x" relation A relation which is © symmetric, reflexive and transitive Power is equivalence relation (@) 1+ (9 @) Sol. (b) Statement | Sol. (d) Here, g is the inverse of f (x). A={(x y)eR xR: y— xis an integer} = fog (x) =x (a) Reflexive On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get xx : (x — x)is an integer. F{g (x)} xg" () ie. tue 1 tay Reflexive "j= ats (ge) TO Fey te (©) Symmetic yd fy: - yis an integer. P@)=— => ~(y—a)is an integer. > g'e)=14 {9 (e))? = (y—2)is an integer. = yRe SymmetricSol. (©) Transitive xy and yRz = (x y)is an integer and (y - z)is an integer. = (e-y)+(y—2)is an integer = (x - Z)is an integer. => aRe Transitive Hence, Ais an equivalence relation. Statement Il B={(x, y) eR xR: x = ay for some rational number a} It Z.then for reflexive, we have 1 aRx > x= which is not true, ¥ x < R — {0}. Bis not reflexive on R. Hence, Bis not an equivalence relation on. Hence, statement lis true, statement I is false. The domain of the function 1 ix) = Lis vlel-« @ (@.«) (e) -,0) (©) (-%, 20) £0} (a) (-%, 29) 1 (b) ye vial For domain, |x|-x>0 > [xl>x i.e. only possible, if x <0. x e(-%, 0) [AIEEE 2011] Consider the following relation R on the set of real square matrices of order 3. R={(A,B):A=P~ BP for some invertible matrix P} Statement! Ris an equivalence relation Statement Il For any two invertible 3x 3matrices M and N, (MIN)T = NM AIEEE 2011) Algebra (a) Statement |i false, Statement I is true {b) Statement |is true, Statement Ilis true; Statement Il is correct explanation of Statement | (c) Statement lis true, Statement Il is true; Statement Il is not a correct explanation of Statement | (6) Statement lis true, Statement Il is false Condition for equivalence relation A relation which is symmetric, reflexive and transitive is equivalence relation Sol, (c) Given, A ={(AB):A=P"' BP for some invertible matrix P} For Statement | () Reflexive ARA => A=P7'AP, which is true only, if P = 1. Since, A=P-'BP for some invertible matrix P, We can assume P =I > ARA => A=T'AL = A=A = Riis Reflexive Note Here, due to some invertible matrix, Pis used (reflexive) but it for all invertible matrix is used, then R is not reflexive, (i) Symmetric ARB => A=P-'BP => PAP"! =P(P“'Bp)P™! = PAP =(PP-') BPP“) B=PAP* Since, for some invertible matrix P, we can let Q=P" B= -1) APO = B=a' AQ = BRA = Ris symmetric.Previous Years' Questions Sol. (ii) Transitive ARB and BRC > A=P"BP and B=P"cP > A=P""(P“CP)P PPC (Py So, ARC, for some P? =P = Ris transitive So, Ris an equivalence relation For Statement Il Its always true that (My! = NM Hence, both statements are true but second is not the correct explanation of first. Let fora a, #0, f(x) =ax? + bx +c, Q(x) =a.x? +b, x +0, and px) = f(x) 9 (x) If p(x) = Oonly for x =—1and p(-2) =2, then the value of p(2) 's [AIEEE 2011] (a) 18 (0) 3 (9 (a) 6 (a) Given that p (x) =f (x) - g (x) has only one root —1 a) 2° + (bi) o,)has one root, — tonly, => p' (x)will also has root as — 1 = pl(x)=Oate=-1 = 2(a-a)x+(b-b)=0atx=-1 = -2(a-a)+(b-6)=0 =(o-b) > 2 (@-a) Now, p(x)=(@-a)x? + (b-b)x +€-c,) pl) 2, bob eo) ana ana aa p(-=0 o=C17- i. Sol. 3 [using Ea. ()] (i) Also, given that p (-2) =2 => 4(a-a)-2(b-b) + -c))=2 From Eqs. (), (i and (i), we have 4(a—a)-4(a—a) + (@—a)=2 > a-a,-2 (ii) On substituting a —a, =2 in Eq. (i), we get e-c=2 On substituting a — a, =2in Eq, (), we get b-b=4 Now, pQ)=4(a-a)+2(b-b)+e-c)) =4x242x442 =84+8+2=18 Let f be a function defined by f(x) =(x -1)? +1 (x 21), Statement I The set {xi f(x) =f (x)} = {12} Statement II fis bijection and "(e) =1+ fe 1 x 21 aleee2011) {a) Statement lis false, Statement Il is true (0) Statement lis true, Statement Il is true; Statement Ilis a correct explanation of Statement | (0) Statement lis true, Statement Il is true; Statement Il is not a correct explanation of Statement | (0) Statement lis true, Statement Il is false (b) fe (x- 1% + 1asx2t When fle)=f 2 f(x)=x > (e- P+ t=x > (x-1P =x-1 => (e--@-1=0 > @&-D{x-1-9=0Sol. > x12 {x f(@)= a} = {1.2} = or (x) =14 fx—7 So, both statements are correct and Statement Il is correct explanation of Statement | Consider the following relations R={(x, y) | x, yare real numbers and x = wy for some rational number w} \ s-(2.2 n'q)} integers such that n,q # Oand qm = pn}. Then, {AIEEE 2010] (@) Ris an equivalence relation but $ is not an equivalence relation (b) Neither R nor S is an equivalence relation (©) S's an equivalence relation but R is not an equivalence relation (d)R and S both are equivalence relations (©) Given, relation Fis defined as R={(x, y)| x, yare real numbers and x = wy for some rational number w} m,n, pandq are (i) Reflexive xRx => x =wx w The rel (i) Symmetric xRy = yRx as ORt But 180=> 1=w-(0) which is not true for any rational number. The relation Ris not symmetric. Thus, Ris not equivalence relation. rational number ion Ris reflexive, Algebra Now, for relation $ which is defined and q eintegers such that n, q #0 and gm = pn} (Reflexive AZ > mn=mn {true} The relation $s reflexive (i) Symmetric @A2 mq =np = np=mq > 2a@ qo The relation S is symmetric. (ii) Transitve “a2 ana 2. nq qs > mq = np and ps=1q => mg-ps=np-1q > ms = nr m mn > 2.l52 nos 7 The relation $ is transitive. Hence, the relation S is equivalence relation. Complex Numbers 1. If zis a complex number such that |z| 22,then the minimum value of le+3| zee 2 [EE Main2014] 5 (a) is equal to > (a) 2 (©) lies in the interval (1.2) (0)is strict greater than = (sty peat tanSbutss than 8 2Previous Years' Questions Sol. (b)|z|>2is the region on or outside circle whose centre is (0, 0) and radius is 2. 1 Minimum] z++]is distance of z, 2 which lie on the circle | 2] =2 from ;. (So 207 Minimum b+ 4 Distance of 2 (1 ( -$0) from (-2,0) (2 Geometrically Min ’ += 2 2. If zis a complex number of unit modulus and argument 0, then arg (142) Tog [Secu to ure mainzot3) (+2) -e b Z-6 @ oS oo (2-0 Sol. (c) Given, But 3. Itz 4 1and 2 is real, then the z-1 point represented by the complex number z lies (AleEE2012} (a) either on the real axis or on a circle passing through the origin (b) ona circle with centre at the origin 5 (0) either on the real axis or on a circle not passing through the origin (6) on the imaginary axis Sol. (a) Given A complex number is purely real To find The locus of the complex number z. Method 1 Since, purely real Rearranging the terms, we get z\[z[?-Z|zP=2?-27 > [zh @-2)=(2-22 +2) = |zP (¢-2)-(¢-2(Z+z)=0 => @-2[lzP-@+z)=0 Either (2-2)=0 or (12? -@+ 2-0 Now, z= 2= Locus of'z "is real axis and {|zP-@+z)}=0 = 2-(Z+2)=0 Hence, locus of 'z ‘is a circle passing through origin Method 2 Putz =x + iy,then 2 +i? (e+ y)-1 _ (xy) iay) @-+¥y 2 ) iteay) . e (x-)+ly (x-1)-y 2 Since, =. (2 # Nis purely real, hence, its imaginary part should be equal to zero.Sol. Sol. > @& VI) + (2ay)(x-1)=0 > yix? — y? + 2x—2x")-0 > yx? + y? -2x)=0 Either y=Oor x? + y? -2x=0 Now, y=0 => Locus of 'z ’is real axis and x+y 2x =0. = Locus of 'z ‘is a circle passing through origin. Hence, locus of ‘z ‘is either real axis or a circle passing through origin. Let a, Bbe real and zbe a complex number. If 2° + az +B =Ohas two distinct roots on the line Re z = 1, then it is necessary that (@BeC10) — (b)|B] = 1 fareee2011) (©Belt~) (AB <(0,1) (0) Let z=x + iy, given Re (z)=1 xsl => zaity Since, the complex roots are conjugate of each other. z=1+ iyand1- iy are two roots of 2 +0z+fp=0 Product of roots = B => 0+ W—0-W)=B = If @ (#1) is a cube root of unity and (1+ a)’ =A + Bo. Then, (A, B)is equal to (a) (1) {b) (1,0) [AIEEE 2011) ©C41) () (0,1) (@) (14 0)’ = A+ Bo, we know 1+@+0°=0 1+@=-0 > (- 0)’ =A+Bo > -o = A+ Bo > = 0° =A+ Bo [0 =0 -« > 1+@=A+Bo On comparing, we get A=1B=1 Sol. Algebra The number of complex numbers z such that |2—-1] =|z +1] =|z-iIis equal to [AIEEE 2010} (a) 0 b) 4 je (a) (b) We have,| 2-1] =|2+1] =|2-iI Clearly, z is the circumcentre of the triangle formed by the vertices (1, 0) and (0, 1) and (~1, 0)which is unique. Hence, the number of complex number z is one. ) Let z, ~e03( 2) (2) 10 isir( 2M \10 k=12,...9. [JEE Advanced 2014, Matching Type] For each z,, there equals to Sol. Column Column I () True exists az; Such thal ZZ a1 There exists ke (1.2,....9} such that solution 2 in the set of complex numbers (il) False [te 2)llt= 2a} Zal 10 equals to (iy “y coa( 2&2) 0 (wy 2 Codes Pars @o @ Gi) ww © @ O Gi) H oo @ @™ ti @@ O % (a) (P) e® 0 =e) 2k 0 21) Bien 2-2,-0/08)"-" Given, Z > Z; is 10th root of unity => Z, willalso be 10th root of unity.Previous Years' Questions Taking, Z, as Z,, we have Z, -Z) =1 (True) eo? ove. (@ =e @ For k=2;z=e © which is in the given set. (False) (R) () 1-cos 20=2 sin? 0 (i) sin 20 =2 sin @cos @and (cos 36° = (ivcos 108" = E+ 7 Healt zolodt= 201 70 (8) Sum of nth roots of unit Teata? +a? + 1-¥ cos 248-2 0 P= (i), Q (il), R= (iil), S (iv) 8. Let complex numbers a and 1/@ lies on circles (x ~ x9) +(¥- Yo) =r? and (x — x9) +(¥- Yo)? = 47? respectively. If 29 = x9 + iyo satisfies the equation 2|zol? =r? + 2, then |a|is equal to (JEE Advanced 2013, Single Option) 1 1 1 > () (d) 3 Sol. (c) Here, (x — Xo) + (y- Yo)" = and (x x9) + (y— yo)* = 4”? could be written as, 7 |z-29|? =r? and [2-29 |? = 4°? 1 Since, a and — lie on first and second, z respectively. Ja-2f@ =r? 1 Pige and = 2] =a" (i) = 1-2%- Fatal lz = 47/0 |?...(i) On subtracting Eq, (i) from Ea, (i), we get (la -1)+]20/ ¢-lal?) P -4aP) = (Ia? = 90-1209? )= 70-4] al?) Let o=e"* anda, b,c, x, y, zbe non-zero complex numbers such that at+b+c=x,a+botco =y, a+ bar+ cw =z,8 Then, the value of Ie? +lyP +12ZP lal’ +]? +|cF (IT JEE 2011 Integer Type] Sol. 2 tye aize [xP +1yl +121 Then, = 7 s la +b +lel 10. If zis any complex number satisfying | 2 - 3 -2i | <2, then the maximum value of |22—6 + 5i |is {NTJEE 2011, Integer Type] Given, |z-3-2i|<2 0 To find minimum of|2z - 6 + Si] or 5 a]ense [uero ml Sol. inequaity, be []2l-[20ll<12, + 221 2-3+3)| |z-a-21+21+2i| 2 2 j2z-6+5i|25 11. Let z, and z, be two distinct complex numbers and let 2=(1-t)z, +12, for some real number t with 0 AP 4+ BP = AB ie. [2-41 +12-Z01=12,-Zel => Option (a) is true and arg (z -2)) = arg (2) ~Z) =arg (22-2) = (b) is false and (d) is true. Also, arg (z—z,)=arg (2) -2)) > ara 24 =0 Z-% 2-2 So, 2-4: is purely real Z r-7, So, option (c) is correct. If @be the complex number an an cos — +/ sin —.Then, the 3 3 number of distinct complex number z satisfying z+1 @ o o z+o0 1 |=0is ow 1 ztal equal to [NT JEE 2010, IntegerType) fio & Let A=|@ o 1 oe 1 © fo 0 0] Now, A?=|0 0 O| and Tr (A) | =0,A]=0 @ slo zo 1 oe 1 zo =|Atz|=0 = z=0 => 2 =0, the number of z satisfying the given equation is 1Previous Years' Questions Matrices and Determinants 1. a, B¥O,f(n)=a" +p" 3 1480) 14 £2) and] 1+f() 1+) 1+1(3) 1442) 1+4(3) 1+ £(4) =K (1-0)? (1-p)? (a —B)?, then Kis equal to [JEEMain 2014] (2) op 1 (b) — () we (1 @-1 Two determinants can be multiplied row-to-row or row-to-column. f(n)=a" +B", (=a +p f)=a2 +B? F(3)= a8 + 8° H(4)= a4 +B 3 1+f() 144) 14m) 142) 1413) 1412) 14 (3) 1444) 3 Tea+p tta+B 1+a7+p tea? +p? tad ep? Sol. (c) Let A= = A= 1407 +p? 14 0°+ 6° t+ at+pt te ttett Tate Bet tea? + 1B? Vtetattp Vt watap 1+ a?-a+p?-B 114 1a? + 1-p? ttt aa? +B-f 114 a? a? + BB 14 o4ya 4 =|! a Bilt a Bp 1 a2 pe{lt a2 pe 11 4F -|1 a B 1 a? p? On expanding, we get A=(1-a) (1B (a -B") Hence, K (1- a}? (1-B)° (a —p)? =(1- ay (1B) (a - BP K=1 . If Aan 3x 3non-singular matrix such that AA'= A’A and B =A~'A’, then BB’ is equal to (JEEMain2014] (@) 1+B (oT () Bt @ ey (ABy =B'Al and A“A=1 [where, A’ = A’ =Transpose of A] J. (b) It Ais non-singular matrix, then |Al zo AAT = A’Aand B= AT BB = (AA) (AAT sata’ A(aly bays] laa iil pe AA APA] =A (Aly =A (ay (A Ay [+ (ABY = =l=I 3. The number of values of k, for which the system of equations (k+ 1)x+ 8y=4k ke + (k + 8)y = 3k -1 has no solution, is [JEEMain2013] fa) © (b) 1 (2 () 3 J. (b) Given equations can be written in matrix form AX=8 ket 8 where, A=)" * Lk ke and 8-[K | 3k-1 }10 For no solution, | A|= 0 and adj A)B +0 K+1 8 Now, \ai-| ‘ ed 0 = k++ 3-8 =0 > KP + dk + 3- 8k =0 > KP 4k +3 = (k -Nik-3)=0 = k+3 -8] Now, aaa[ weil Now, k+3 -810 4 wane-[9 cf | (k + 3) (4k) ~ 8(3k - 1) = 4k? + (k +1) (3k -1) [ae] KP 42k | fnot true] [a]! K - (ad) 4) =| 98 98+ 8) [Jee -9+6-1] > |-4 [true] Hence, required value of k is 1 Alternate Solution Condition for the system of equations has no solution => Ka ak+ => (k-Nk-3)=0 4, Sol. 5. Algebra Itk=1,then {not true] itk=3thon 8,43 {truco} 6°91 k=3 Hence, only one value of k exists. 1a 3 WP |1 3. 3fisthe adjoint of a 244 3x 3matrix Aand| A|=4, then a is equal to [JE Main 2013) fa) 4 (b) 17 (5 @o (b) If Ais matrix of order n , then Jaci Al =A" ta 3 Given, P=]1 3 3 44 ) = 2 [P |= 102 -12)-a (4-6)+ 3(4-6) =20-6 P =adj (A) iven] [P| =Laqj Al=| A)? = 16 = = [1 0 0 LetA=|2 1 0J.lfu, andu, {3 2 14 are column matrices such that 1 0) Au, =|0|and Au, =| 1), then 0 lo Uy + up is equal to [AIEEE 2012] =) “1 @]4 4 o} -] n | @ faPrevious Years' Questions Sol. (d) Given Matrices are fio 0 1 a=|2 1 0). Au,= °| Is 21 ° 0 and Au, =| 1 0 To Find Matrixu, + up Since, both Au, and Au, are given hence adding them, we get 1) fo Au, + Au, =|0]+] 1 o} Lo 1 > Aly +u)=] 1 0 Since, A is a non-singular matrix, ie., | A] #0, hence multiplying both sides by A™'(from RHS), we get 1 AAu, +u,)=A7] 4 +0 o+1 0 0 10 oF ft spuytur=|2 1 of x/1] 0 ls 2 a] lol 100 Now, |Al=|2 1 0 324 10 =i], |-o+0 by expanding the determinant along row 1] = IAl=1 Now, cofactor matrix of A (ie., the matrix in which every element is replaced by corresponding cotactor) io] 2 of j24 |: ‘| | ‘| |; 2 00 1 0] ft --|2 ‘| |: ‘| |; | o of Ji of to ral ol ie 1-201 0 1-2 o 0 1 From Ea, (i), we get 10 of fa uj+un=[2 1 of fa a2 i} lo 1 0 ol ft =|-2 1 ofx|1 1 -2 1 [o [iso+o] ft uy +u,=|-24140]=]-1 {1-240} [4 . Let P and Q be 3x 3matrices P#Q.IfP% =Q% and P°Q =Q’P, then determinant of (P? + Q?) is equal to {AIEEE 2012) (2) -2 (1 (eo (@-t12 Sol. Sol. Algebra (©) Given (0) Statement lis true, Statement I is (i) Two matrices P and Q of order 3 x 3 false such that P +. statement lis false, Staternent Il is (i) P® =Q° and P°Q =Q"P To find The value of determinant of {op Statements tue, Stetement P+? explanation of Statement I On subtracting the given equations, 7 we get p_p°9=93-a°P Sol. (a) Since, Aand B are symmetric > PP -Q)=Q7(Q-P) matrices. , = OVP? +02)=0 Al =Aand 8 =8 Now, since P20 [given| Now to check A (B4)is symmetric 5 P-a+0 Consider (A(BA)T = (BA) (AB)is symmetric, iff AB = BA (@) Since, equation has non-zero ie. AB commutative solution Hence, both the statements are true > A=0 but statement Ils not a correct 4k 2 explanation of statement | ko4 M=0 9. If the trivial solution is the only 221 solution of the system of => 4(4-2)-k k-2)+2@k-8)-0 equations => B-k? + 2k + 4k -16=0 x-ky+z=0, > Kk? - 6 +.8=0 ka + By—kz =0 = (2) -4)=0 and ae+y-z=0 - Then, the set of all values of k is Hence, number of values of k is two. IMeeE2011) Let A and B be two symmetric (a) {2,-3} (0) R-{2,—3} matrices of order 3 @R-(2} @R-{- Statement | A (BA) and (AB) Aare SO! (b) x- ky + 2 =O. + By ke =0 and symmetric malrices 3x + y~ 7 =Ohas trivial solution Statement II ABis symmetric 1k 4 matrix, if matrix multiplication of A = k 3 -kleo with Bis commutative. (AIEEE2011} 301-4 (a) Statement |is true, Statement Ils true; Statement Ilis not a correct SIC B+ ky +k Ck + ok) explanation of Statement | 41k -940Previous Years' Questions = k=-3+2k? +k-940 = 2k? +2k-1240 > Ke +k-640 > K+ 3k -2)40 k#2,-3 keR-{ } 10. Statement! Determinant of a skew- symmetric matrix of order 3 is zero Statement Il For any matrix A, det(A") =det(A) and det(-A) = - det(A). Then, (a) Statement | is true and Statement llis false (b) Both statements are true (c) Both statements are false (@) Statement is false and Statement lis true (a) Determinant of skew-symmetric matrix of odd order is zero and of even order is perfect square. So, Statement | is true. Now, det (A")=det (A) and det (- A)=(-1)" det (A) So, Statement II is false. Sol. 11. If + tis the complex cube root of o@ 0 unity and matrix H -| | then Oo H’° is equal to @H (b) 0 {aleeE 2011) ()-H (dH? Sol. (a) Here, w-[8 ‘| H[® fe o_o o lo wllo ol "fo & of 9 0 of [AIEEE2011] 12. Sol. 13 Consider the system of linear equations y+ 2x, +45 =3, 2x, + 3x, +05 -3 and 3x, +5x,+2x3=1 The system has [AIEEE 2010] (@) infinite number of solutions (0) exactly 3 solutions (c) aunique solution (@) no solution (d) The given system of linear equations can be put in the matrix form as [12 1][% [: 3 i}|x, Is 5 alles 1 2 tra ~fo -1 -1]/x, 0-1-1 UIs] 1-8) by Rp —> Ry-2R,, Ry Ry -3R, [1.2 Px] [3s -|s 1 a|}x]-[3 00 offs} [5 [by Ry —> Rs ~Ro] Clearly, the given system of equations has no solution. Alternate Solution Subtracting the addition of first two equations from third equation, we get 0=-5, which is an absurd resutt Hence, the given system of equations has no solution14 13. The number of 3 3 non-singular matrices, with four entries as 1 and all other entries as 0, is [AIEEE 2010} (a) less than 4 &) 5 (6 (d) atleast 7 tee Sol. (d) Consider f 1 +| Byplacing 1 se in anyone of the 6 * position and 0 elsewhere, we get 6 non-singular matrices. Wis J non-singular matrix Hence, we get atleast 7 non-singular matrix 14. Let A be 2 x 2 matrix with non-zero entries and A? =/,where lis 2x 2 identity matrix. Define tr (A) =Sum of diagonal elements of A and |A| Determinant of matrix A. Statement! tr(A) =0 Statement Il |A] = 1 true (b) Statement |is true, Statement Ilis true; Statement Ilis a correct explanation of Statement | (©) Statement | is true, Statement Il is true, Statement Ils not a correct explanation of Statement | (d) Statement lis true, Statement Ilis false Sol. (d) Asatisfies AP tr (A): As (det A) = ‘On comparing with A? — 1 = 0, we get tr(A)=0, | A] = -1 Therefore, Statement |is true but Statement Ilis false. [AIEEE 2010) (a) Statement lis false, Statement Il is Algebra Alternate Solution Let 2 _[a’+be ab+bd > &# 2] acted be+d and ab+bd =ac +ed =0 Also, c #0 and b+0 = ard =0,tr(A)= and |A| = ad -be =-a® Hence, Statement Is rue but Statement Ils false. +d =0 by 15. Let M be a2x2 symmetric matrix with integer entries. Then, M is invertible, if [JEE Advanced 2014, More than One Option] (2) the first column of M is the transpose of the second row of M (b) the second row of M is the transpose of the first column of M (©) Misa diagonal matrix with non-zero entries in the main diagonal (0) the product of entries in the main diagonal of M is not the square of an integer ab M= [ ¢| ° (@) Given that, ?) [? | Sol. (c,d) Let = asb=c=a let] > we ‘| = |M|=0 > Mis non-invertible (©) Given that, [b c]=[a 6] => a=b=c=a (lel) gain IMl= => Misnon-invertible,Previous Years' Questions 16. Sol. a As M= (©) As given [5 cl => [Ml=ac #0 [since, aand c are non-zero] => Mis invertible. ab Mle =>|M|=ac —b? #0 Since, ac is not equal to square of an integer, so M is invertible. Let M and N be two 3x 3matrices such that MN = NM. Further, if M#N? andM? =N‘, then JEE Advanced 2014, Single Option] (a) determinant of (M? + MNN2)is 0 (0) there is a 3x3non-zero matrix U such that (M? + MN?) U is zero matrix (¢) determinant of (M? + MN?) >1 (d) for a 3x3 matrix U, if (M? + MIN?) U ‘equals the zero matrix, then U is the zero matrix @ (i) If Aand Bare two non-zero matrices and AB = BA, then (A-B)(A+ 8) = A? -B? (ij) The determinant of the product of the matrices is equal to product of their individual determinants. i.e. [ABI =| AI18| Given, M?=N* => M?-N*=0 > (M-N*) (M+N?)=0 (as MN = NM) Also, M#N? = M+N' > Det (M+N*)=0 Also, Det (M? + MN?) = (Det M) (Det (M+ N?)= (Det M) (0)= 0 As, Dat (M? ++ MN*)=0 Thus, there exists non-zero matrix U such that (M? + MN?)U =0 lL (byeud) Here, P = [jh with py 15 17. Let wbe a complex cube root of unity with @# 1and P =[p, bea nx nmatrix with py =o! '!.Then, P® » 0,when nis equal to [JEEAdvanced2013, Morothan One Option} (@) 87 (©) 55 (©) 58 (@) 56 Whenn =1, P=[pyha =[W"] = P? =0,when n is multiple of 3. P? #0, when nis not a multiple of 3, => n=57 isnot possible. 1 = 55, 58 56is possible16 18. For 3x 3matrices Mand N, which of the following statement(s) is (are) not correct ? [JBE Advanced 2013, More than One Option} (a) N'MNis symmetric or skew-symmetric, according as Mis symmetric or skew-symmetric, (b) MN - NMis symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N (©) MNis symmettic for all symmetric matrices M and N (@) (adj M) ad N) = aaj (MIN) forall invertible matrices M and N (a) (NT MN = NIM (NT YE =NMN tence, N'MN is symmetric if M is symmetric and skew-symmetric, if M is skew-symmetric, (b) (MN — NM = (MINT — (NM =NM—MN = =(MN = NM) So, skew-symmetric, when M and N are symmetric. (©) (Ny = NM =NM MN So, not correct (2) (adj MN) = (adj N)- (acl) So, not correct. Sol. 19, Let Mbe a3 x 3matrix satisfying and M|1|=] 0 | a} [12 Then, the sum of the diagonal entries of M is [1TJEE2011, IntegerType] a a a M=)b, by by ©) Cp Oy Sol. Let 20. Sol. Algebra a +a +a,=0,b +b, cy +0, +0, =12 : a, =0,b,=2,c,=7 = Sum of diagonal elements: =04+2+7=9 Let Mand N be two 3x 3 non-singular skew-symmetric matrices such that MN = NM. If P™ denotes the transpose of P, then M?N?(M'N)(MN7~')! is equal to [NTJEE2011, Single Option] (@) MP (b) -N? (9 - (d) MN (©) Given, M’ = - M,N = — N and = MN = NM 0 PNP MTN) (MN NPNTMT NY MT = MP NUNN )(= MYT (= My = MP NIC MY NPE M) ==M? NMAIN" Mt == M-(MNJMN" Mt =~ MINM)M™'N~ Mb == MN(MM TNT ME =— MINN“) =- M?Previous Years' Questions 21. Let @# 1be a cube root of unity and $ be the set of all non-singular 1 ab matrices of the form] @ 1 c o o 1 where each of a, b andc is either « or «®. Then, the number of distint matrices in the set $ is [IIT JEE2011, Single Option] f@2 6 () 4 (d) 8 Sol. (a)| A] #0, as non-singular tab @ 1 cro eo 1 1(1-ce) - a(@—ca*) + b (w* — @7)4 0 > 1-co-aa+aco* 40 > (1- ca) (1- a0) +0 => atlice oe =o andbe{ao°} => 2 solutions 22. The number of 3x 3matrices A whose entries are either 0 or 1 and x] ft for which the system Al y | =|0 z| [0 has exactly two distinct solutions, is {1TJEE 2010, Single Option] fo (b) 2°-1 (©) 168 (@2 fx ft y|=| 0 is inear z} Lo equation in three variables and that could have only unique, no solution or infinitely many solutions. So, tis not possible to have two solutions. Hence, number of matrices Ais zero. Sol. (a) Since, A Sol. JAl=ek +1818 17 23. Let k be a positive real number and let 2k-1 2vK 2vK =|2vkK 1 -2k| and -2VK 2k 1 0 2k-1 Vk 1-2k 0 2VK -vk -2VK 0 If det (adj A) + detadjB) = 10°, then [k]is equal to [NTJEE2010, Integer Type] But det (adj A) = det (adj B) = 10° => ek +1) =10° = k=2 2 il=4 24, Let pbe an odd prime number and T, be the following set of 2 x 2 a bl] c al’ a,b, €{0,12,..., —th} [NTJEE2010, Passage Based] (i) The number of Ain, such that Ais either symmetric or skew-symmetric or both and det (A) is divisible by p matrices T, = fa | is (a) (p-9° (b) 2(p-1) (c) (p- +1 (d) 2p-1 a b) Sol. (d) Given, a? alr a.b,¢ €{0, 1,2,...,P=1} If Ais skew-symmetric matrix, then a=0,b=-c [Al =b* Thus, P divides | Al only when b=018 (ii) Sol. 25. Sol. Again, ifA is symmetric matrix, then b=c and | Al=a?—b? Thus, p divides | A] i either p divides (a—b)or p divides (a+ b). divides (@—b), only when a= b ie a=be{0,42,..., (0-1) ie. p choices a p divides (a+ b). => pchoices, including a = included in Eq, () So, total number of choices are (+ p-1)=2p-1 The number of A in 7,, such that the trace of Ais not divisible by p but det (A) is divisible by pis @) (p-ip*-p +1) (©) p?-(p-1)* ©) (p-1" (d) (p-1(p? -2) (c) Trace of A =2a, will be divisible by piff a=0. |A| =a? ~be, for (a? —be) to be divisible by p. There are exactly (p - 1) ordered pairs (b, c) for any value of a So, the required number is (p- 1? The number of Ain 7, such that det (A) is not divisible by p, is (@) 2p? (0) p°-5p (© p*-3p (d) p®-p” (d) The number of matrices for which p does not divide Tr (A) = (p-1)p” of these (p-1)? are such that p divides | Al. The number of matrices for which p divides Tr (A) and p does not divides [Al are (p -1), Required number =~ pr -(P-1P + (p—1F =p°-p* Algebra Permutations and Combinations 1. Let Aand Bbe two sets containing Sol, Sol. 2 elements and 4 elements, respectively. The number of subsets of Ax Bhaving 3 or more elements is [JEE Main 2013) (a) 256 (o) 220 (co) 219 (@ 211 (0) Given, n(A)=2 and n()=4 nlAxB)=8 The number of subsets of A x B having 3 or more elements = 80, + 8Cy +... + Cy =28 —%¢, - ®¢, - 8c, = 256 -1- 8-28=219 2" ="Cp + + Cp] Let T, be the number of all possible triangles formed by joining vertices of an n-sided regular polygon. If7,,; —T, =10, then the value of nis [JEEMain2013] 7 5 () 10 (8 (b) Given, 7, ="C, ~C, "IC, —"C, =10 given] = "C+ "C,-"C, =10 = °C, =10 n=5 ‘Assuming the balls to be identical except for difference in colours, the number of ways in which one or more balls can be selected from 10 white, 9 green and 7 black balls is [AIEEE 2012), (a) 880, (0) 629 (o) 630 (@) 879Previous Years' Questions Sol. (d) Given 10 identical white balls, 9 identical green balls and 7 identical black balls. To find The number of ways for selecting atleast one ball Number of ways to choose zero or more white balls = (1041) [since, all white balls are mutually identical] Number of ways to choose zero or more green balls =(9+1) [since, all green balls are mutually identical] Number of ways to choose zero or more black balls = (7 + 1)(since, all black balls are mutually identical] Hence, number of ways to choose zero of more balls of any colour 10+ 9+ (7 +1) Also, number of ways to choose a total of zero balls = 1 Hence, the number, if ways to choose atleast one ball (respective of any colour) =(10 + (8+ )(7 +1) -1=879 number of ways to select atleast one ball of each colour (in case there is some confusion) [10 x9x7- 4. Let X = (1,2, 3, 4,5}. The number of different ordered pairs (Y, Z) that can formed such that Yc X, Ze XandY¥ 7 Zis empty, is (AVEEE2012} (a & (0) 3 © 2 @ Sol. (b) Given Aset X={1.2,3.4 5} To find The number of different ordered pairs (Y, Z) such that Yc X, Zc Xand¥ nZ = 6 Since, YX, Zc X,hence we can only use the elements of X to construct sets Y and Z 19 Method 1 Number of | Number of ways to a(Y)) ways to make Z such that make Yoz=¢ 2 of 2 2 a 3 4 5 a Let us explain anyone of the above 6 rows say third row. In third row, Number of elements in ¥ =2 Number of ways to select ¥ ways Because any 2 elements of X can be part of ¥. Now, if¥ contains any 2 elements, then these 2 elements cannot be used in any way to construct Z, because we want ¥ 4 Z = @ And from the remaining 3 elements which are not present in ¥,2° subsets can be made each of which can be equal to Z and stil YZ = owill be true Hence, total number of ways to construct sets Y and Z such that Y¥AZ=6 = Cy x2° + 50, x25" beat 80s x2® ~ este Method 2 Sinoe, Yc X,Zc X,hence we can only use the elements of X to construct sets Yand Z. Every elements in X (say a) has four options (as far as going to Y and 7 is concerned). (@) acY,ie.'a is present in Y and a eZ, \e.'a'is present in Z. (0) ac, ie. ‘a’is present in Y and aZ,ie.'a isnot present in Z20 (©) ay, i.e. ‘a is not present in ¥ and aeZ,ie.‘a'is present in Z. (0) 2¢Y, ie.‘a'is not present in ¥ and a¢Z,ie.‘a'is not present in Z. Analysis of the above 4 cases (@ If'a'is presentin ¥ and also in Z, then it will be certainly present in ¥ 4 Z. (b) Il*a’is present in Y but not present in Z, then it will not be present in ¥ 9 Z. (6) I'ais not presentin ¥ but present in Z, then also it will not be present in Yaz. (@) If'aisnot presentin both of Yand Z, then it will not be presentin ¥ 0 Z. We want ¥ m Z = 6to which only case (@)is not favourable and remaining cases, i.e. cases (b), (c) and (d) are favourable. Hence, for every elements ‘a’ in X there ate 8 favourable ways such that Ynz=6 => Total number of ways =3x3x3x3x3=9° [as there are 5 elements in X and each of them have 3 options to go or not to goto Y and Z] Statement I The number of ways of distributing 10 identical balls in 4 distinct boxes such that no box is empty, is °C, Statement II The number of ways of choosing any 3 places from 9 different places is °C, {a) Statement | is true, Statement Il is true; Statement II is not a correct ‘explanation of Statement | (b) Statement | is true, Statement Il is false (c) Statement | is false, Statement Il is true (d) Statement | is true, Statement Il is true; Statement Ilis a correct ‘explanation of Statement | [AIEEE 2011] Algebra Sol. (a) Let the number of ways of distributing n identical objects among r persons such that each person gets atleast one object is same as the ‘number of ways of selecting (r - 1) places out of (n — 1) different places, fe, C4 Statement | Here, n= 10 andr = 4 Required number of ways = PC, = Cy Statement Il Required number of ways = °C, Hence, both the statements are true but Statement iis not a correct explanation of Statement | There are 10 points in a plane, out of these 6 are collinear. If Nis the number of triangles formed by joining these points, then [aleeez011) (@) N> 190 () N= 100 () 100 << 140 (6) 140 New equation will be ay tTt ty $24.4 ty + 5=20 ay + Xp ty + ty + te =20-15=5 Now, x Sx, Sy Sq 55Previous Years' Questions me |e | | te of ofojfoj]|s o|o}foj|i1|a o}o}o]e2)| a o}of4 1] 3 o}o}]1/]e2)|.e o | 4 1 1 | 2 1] 4 1 1 So, 7 possible cases will be there. Mathematical Induction 1. Statement! For each natural number n, (n +1)’ —n7 —1is aizvisible by 7. Statement Il For each natural number n,n’ —nis divisible by 7. {AIEEE2011] (a) Statement |is false, Statement Il is true (0) Statement lis true, Statement Il is true; Statement Ilis correct ‘explanation of Statement | (©) Statement |is true, Statement Ilis true; Statement Ils not a correct explanation of Statement (@) Statement |is true, Statement Ilis false Sol. (b) Let Pin)=(n)’-n By mathematical induction, Forn=1 P{1)= 0, which is divisible by 7. Forn= P(kj=k7 -k Let P(k) be divisible by 7. k! —k=73, for some A eN Forn=K +1 Pik + talk +1) -k +1) = (Cy kl + Ck8 + CR + Cy-k + 1C)-(k +1) (kT hk) t 7 {ke + RO 4 KE TAHT {KE + 3K +. + kK} (using Eq.(0)] => Divisible by 7. 21 So, both statements are true and ment Il is correct explanation of Statement | Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 1. If the coefficients of x* and x’ in the expansion of (1+ ax + bx?) (1-22) in powers of x are both zero, then (a, b) is equal to [JEEMain2014] (45 251) ( 2) @ [eS] fa 272) {yp 272 (c) |14.—— (d) } 16 —— © ( 3) @ [we] Sol. (d) In the expansion of (1+ ax + bx?) (1-22), Coefficient of x° in (1+ ax + bx) (1-22)® = Coefficient of x9 in (1-2x)* + Coefficient of x? ina (1-2xY° + Coefficient of x in b (1-22) =-"C,.2° + alc, 2? - plc, .2 o —0,-23 + al¥C,.2” -b!0,.2=0 18x17 x16 18x17 aR ata 3x2 2? -b-18-2=0 = 17a-p- 54x16 (i) Similarly, coefficient of x* '8C,.2* —a- "'C,2° + b- "c,-27 =0 82a ~ 32b =240 (i On solving Eqs. (i) and (i), we get a-16andb-222 3 2. The term independent of x in the expansion of xt Rosai zoae| ® re es [EE Main2013] (2) 4 (b) 120 (210 (¢) 31022 Sol. Sol. (c) Consider The general term is Tha = C,(x YO" ar PY ="C-e oF For independent of x, put = 20-2r-8r=0 > 20=5r > ra4 20, =10£9%8%7 _519 2xax2 x1 Ifn is a positive integer, then (v3 + 1)°? - (VB - 1)?" is tateeez012} (@) an irational number (b) an odd positive integer (c) an even positive integer (d) a rational number other than positive integers (a) (3 + 17" = C3" + PO (dRP— + 265 BPP $a Cog V3P "Co 3PP £2, (Byer 2M(-4p20 Sol. 5. Algebra ‘Adding both the binomial expansions above, we get 34 17" —W3 1 + *C,v3)” tons + Cag 3 BPP 7-8] which is most certainly an irrational number because of odd powers of V3 in each of the terms. The coefficient of x” inthe | expansion of (1- x — x? + x4) is [AlEEE 2011] (a) -132 (0) 148 (6) 132 (a 144 (b) Here, (1- x — x? + x3)® = {= x)= x? (1-2)? ={(t—x)(1—27)}% = (1x) (1-2)? {Ee °C, «} ca J HS Sey foarte For coefficient of x”, we have 1428-7 ie, s=1r=5 or s=2,r=30r s=3r=1 Coefficient of x’ is {(- 1°71. 8, 8c} + {CIP 2. Cy. °C} HAD SC, "Ca) => (36) - (20) (15) + 620) => 36-300+120=-144 0 , DY idG-0 "C;,8. Let S$Previous Years' Questions Statement IS, = 55x 2° [alece 2010) Statement Il S$, = 90x 2° andS, =10x 2° (a) Statement | is false, Statement Il is true (b) Statement | is true, Statement Il is. true; Statement Ilis a correct explanation of Statement | (c) Statement | is true, Statement Il is true, Statement II is not a correct explanation of Statement | (@) Statement | is true, Statement Il is false Sol. (d) Here, we use )° "C, =2” sy=Si0-0 1 a 20-28-72! G0 iG to! = M9=G =]! 5 3! =10y 9 27a =10-2° 10! Also, $3 = J (/-1)+ J 2 $0.82 20M ae -E jun", -¥ 1%, a a = 90.28 + 10-2% = 90.2" +.20.28 = 110-28 = 55-29 Hence, Statement |is true and Statement Ilis false, 6. Coefficient of x" in the expansion of (14+.2?)"(14.29)" (1424)? is [JEEAdvanced 2014, Single Option} (a) 1051 (b) 1106 (co) 1113 (d) 1120 (c) Coefficient of x"* in (1 x2) (1 x3) (1+ xy? Sol. Sol. 23 Now, consider the following cases for sin (142) 4 2) ty? Coefficient of x° x*x®; Coefficient of exis? Coefficient of x4 x* x*; Coefficient of xox? = “Cy x, x ¥Cy + “C, x Cy x Cy 8G, 70, x °C, + "Cy XG, x °C = 462 +140 + 504+7=1118 The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (14 x)"*® are in the ratio 5: 10: 14. Then, nis equal to (JEEAdvanced2013, integer Type) Let the three consecutive terms in (1+ xy??? bet, 4.f,- 9. having coefficients "> "Oy and Sn - 8 +25=77+7 = n+6=3 and 50 + 18=12r n+6_5n+18 3 12 > An + 24=5n4+ 18 > n=6 Forr =0,1,..., 10, let A, B, and C, denote respectively, the coefficient of x" in the expansions of (14 x (14x)? and (14 x)? Then, YA, (BiB, —C 104, )is a equal to —_[TJEE2010, Single Option} (2) Bro—Co (0) An (Bio -CroAo) () 0 (2) Co - Bo24 Sol. (d)A, = Coefficient of x’ in (ex)? =", B, =Coefficient of x" in (1+ x) =, C, = Coefficient of x" in (1+ x)” = “c, vA (Bio B, -Cro A) = 2A 808 -LA GA $hng, 426 Be, 0", Bre, 90 SC -, "yp °C, a 2, =o FCoE, 86, 8 C9., % a =1)= Cig PCy 1) 0 Bo Sequences and Series 1. IF (10)? + 2 (1)' (10)8 +3 (19? (10)? +... +10(19° =K (10)°, then k is equal to {AEE Main 2014) 121 441 as © a0 (©) 100 (¢) 110 Sol. (c) k-40° =10° +211) (10° + 3(11°(10)" + ...+ 10 (14) Wy te rate wera a}ea(g) +70(F3) 0 Sol. Algebra ay ty oan? (ala) ela) aye pany? + +92) +10(2 i) U0) U0) On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq, (i), we get (ft 10) an? +4 {4) -10/4 — (10) 40) ‘| 10 - k Gi sie n -10(17 (3) =-k=10 ry? st rof 4) -10-10(2) \10) 10, => k=100 Three positive numbers form an increasing GP. If the middle term in this GP is doublea, then new numbers are in AP. Then, the common ratio of the GP is JEEMain2014] (a) V2+V3_—(b) 3+ V2 (o) 2-V3 (d) 2+V3 (d) Leta, ar, ar® are in GP (r > 1), ‘Agoording to the question, a, Zar arin = day =a+ ar? = P-4r41=0 =Previous Years' Questions 3, The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 07, 077, 0777,...,'8 (EE Main 2013) 7 0. (a) Bi (79 ) Z 20: (b) = (99-107 (o) 3 ) £0794 10-*) (6) gy 79 + 10") 7 - 20 a) £(99+ 107%) (A) 09+ 10 Sol. (0) 0.7 + 0.77 +.0.777 +... + upto 20 terms FT TE uptoz0 10 10 10° a 1it toms am + ...+ upto 20 terms] 999 7000 + ...+ upto 20 terms] 1 1 1) “all-a)+ (oa) b-we) +..+ upto 20 terms] 99 =r 14.+ upto 20 tems) + upto 20 terms } | 3 where 1> ‘| 25 4. If x, y and zare in AP and tan” ' x, tan” | yand tan”! zare also in AP, then [JEE Main 2013) (a) x=y=z — (b) 2x=3y=6z (0) x =3y=22 (d) Be = dy =32 Sol. (a) Since, x, y and z are in AP. Qy=x+z Also, tan™! x, tan7! y and tan™! z are in AP yntan tx + tant 2 tan” Since x, y and z are in AP as wellas in GP. xry-z 5. Statement| The sum of the sefies 1+ (1+2 +4) +(44+6 +9) + (9412 +16)+... + (361+ 380 + 400) is 8000. Statement I DY lke = (k= 19] <9, for any a natural number n. [AIEEE 2012], a) Statement lis false, Statement Il is true (0) Statement lis true, Statement Il is true; Statement Ilis a correct explanation of Statement | (c) Statement lis true, Statement Il is true; Statement Il is not a correct explanation of Statement | (0) Statement lis true, Statement Ils false Sol. (b) Statement | S=()+ (14244) + (44649) + (9+12+16)+... + (961 + 380 + 400) S=(040+1+(1+2+4)+(4+6+9) 4+(9+ 12416) + ... + (361+ 380 + 400)26 Now, we can clearly observe the first elements in each bracket. In second bracket, the fist element is Pie In third bracket, the first element is 4-27 In fourth bracket, the first element is 9-38 In last bracket, the first element is 361=19° Hence, we can conclude that there are 20 brackets in all. Also, in each of the brackets, there are 3 terms out of which the first and last terms are perfect squares of consecutive integers and the middle term is their product => The general term of the series is Tae ender? => The sum of then terms of the series is n= Dlr AP + Drs (rP Now, let Sy = Sk —(k— 1} ‘On substituting the value of k, we get So= 2 We - kW a =(P -0)+ @-*) + 29) + + [n? (0 -179] On rearranging the terms, we get S, =- 0% + (8 -15)+ @9 -2°) +B-F)+ 4 lO = (n= 1] +8 => S,= Algebra Since, the number of terms is 20, hence substituting n = 20, we get Sq = 8000 Hence, Statement] is correct. Statement Il We have already proved in the Statement |, that Sq = Stk? (k= W =n! Hence, Statement Ils also correct and is a correct explanation of Statement I Caution If you have solved the series in Statement | in the following way, then you may get option (b) as the correct, answer. The sum of the n terms of the series is Die +90 07) = 8,=S@r-3r+9 fa nto + Nen+ 1) 6 -3 ain +4) Since, the number of terms is 20, hence substituting n = 20, we get Sq = SELENA _ 32021) | 59 6 2 = 8000 Whenever we are solving a question of this Statement |, Statement Il type, then we should try our level best to exhaust every possibilty that Statement Il cannot be used to explain Statement lin any way before marking (b) as the answer, otherwise we may end up finding the wrong answer. Since, these kind of questions are very tricky and ambiguous, that is the reason why they are no more asked in IIT-JEE from the last 2 yrPrevious Years' Questions 6. If 100 times the 100th term of an AP with non-zero common difference equal to the 50 times its 50th term, then the 150th term of this AP is (a) -150 (©) 150 times its 50th term (o) 150 (d) zero (4) Given 100 times the 100th term of an AP = 50 times its 50th term To find The 150th term of the same AP. Let abe the first term andd (/ #0)be the common difference of the given’ AP, then Trop =a + (100-1) d =a + 990. Too =a + (50-1) d =a+ 49d, Tis =a + (150-1) d =a + 1490 Now, according to the given data, 100 * Top = 50 «Tag = 100 (a+ 990) = 50(a + 49¢/) => 2(a+99d)=(a+ 490) => 2a+ 198d =a+ 49d = a+149d =0 Tiso = 0 Sol. 7. Aman saves % 200 in each of the first three months of his service. In each of the subsequent months, his saving increases by % 40 more than the saving of immediately previous month. His total saving from the start of service will be 11040 after (2) 19 months {b) 20 months (6) 21 months (4) 18 months (6) Let the time taken to save ® 11040 be (n + 3)months. Sol. 2200+ 8 (2@240)+ (99x40) = 11040 [AIEEE 2012) [AIEEE 2011] Sol. 9. > 60047 {4002+ n- 600 + 20n (n +1 30+n? +110 on + tin - 52% n? + 29n ~ 187 - 522 =0 n(n +29)~18(n + 29)-0 (0 -18)(0 + 29)= n=18, buEUUYY 29, neglecting Total time = (n + 8) =21months Leta, be the nth term of an AP. If D ay =aand >) ay_; =f, then mo a the common difference of the AP is [AIEEE 2011] ) 2-8 @t (b) a = ) 0 ()a-B a-B a? d) Ba O70 @B (0) Given, Bta,tagt..t@m=a (i) and a +a3+a5+...+ ay =B (i) On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq, (), we get (ap —a)) + (@4 ~@s) + (ag ~ a5) oo + 200 — Arg) = 4 —B Sd 4d 40 +...+100times = (ap) = 1000 =(a-B) g otc 100 A person is to count 4500 currency notes, Let a, denotes the number of notes he counts in the nth min, Ifa, =a, =....=@49 =150 anda yg, a y,,... are in AP with common difference - 2, then the time taken by him to count all notes is [AIEEE 2010) (a) 24 min (0) 34 min (6) 125 min (a) 135 min28 Sol. (b) Number of notes that the person counts in 10 min = 10 x150 = 1500 Since, a9, a4), dyg.....are in AP with ‘common difference —2 Let n be the time taken to count remaining 3000 notes, then 2 pride fo=1)x-2]= 3000 > n® -1491n + 3000 = 0 > (n-24)(n-125)=0 n=24, 125 Then, the total time taken by the person to count all notes =10+24=34 min [neglecting n = 125 because for this value of n, yo will be negative, which is not possible as currency notes cannot be negative] tn Hee) 10. Lets, =>'(-) 2k? Then,S, 7 can take value(s) [JE Advanced 2013, Morothan One Option] (a) 1056 (b) 1088 (ce) 1120 (d) 1332 pres) Sol. (2,4) S,-S(-1) > Kk? =H (IP -2 +P 4 5° - +74 Re = (3° -1°) + (4? 2%) + (7? - 5?) + (8 - 6) + {6412+ 20+...) + (64 144224...)} =odexaronn9 n 7 +512 x6+ (0-18) =2 [nl + 4n— 4) + (6+ 4n — 4) 1. Sol. 12. Sol. Algebra =2 [4n® + 4n® + 2n}= 4n(4n +1) Here, 1056 = 32 x 33, 1088= 32 x34 1120 = 32 x35, 1332 = 36 x37 1056 and 1332 are possible answers. ‘The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a, a™*, a, 4,a® anda" with a > Ois [NTJEE2011, Integer Type] Using AM > GM Seateag? asa at 43a etea® pal >at So, minimum value is 8. Letay, a, 2g, ++, @jq9 be an metic progression with a, and, = 3° a,,1

independent on n. N6-d=0 >d=6 a=4 +d =34+6=9 5 o Id =0, then = is independent of 2Previous Years' Questions 14. Letay, a, ag, ..., 211 be real numbers satisfying a, = 15 27 - 2a >Oand ay = 28,1 — aq» for ee aj+ag+...+ay - Ti 1 = 90, then the ay tay tit ay value of “2 "hig 1 equal to [IITJEE 2010, Integer Type) Sol. a, =2a, 1-4» => @,a,..., a, are in AP. 2 a+ 1 ta? + 95 «11d? + 10.ab 1 90 => 225+ 35d? + 150d = 90 350? + 150d + 135-0 = Given, a < =Sandd +-2 7 At ay tech ayy (30-10 x3]=0 14. Let S,, k =1,2,,... 100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is ——- and the common ratio ist Then, the value of 2 100 ee S| (k? = 3k + 9S, Lis 100! 1 (ur see2010, nteger Type] Sol. Wehave, S, 29 Now, (k? 3k +1)S, = {(k=2)k—1)= 1b “eT — 1008 Too! > 00 Blue ae 19851 =4 Probability 1. Let Aand Bbe two events such that P(A B= 3 PiAnBy=2 and P(A) + where A stands for the complement of the event A Then, the events A and Bare (2) independent but not equally ikely (6) independent and equally likely (c) mutually exclusive and independent (6) equally ikely but not independent [JEE Main 2014] Sol. (a) PGaB)=2 P(ANB) a1 PAR P(AUB)=1-P (AUB) = Aand Bare not equally likely 1 PIB)=— B= 4 So, events are independent. Also, P (ANB) =P (A)30 Sol. Sol. ‘A multiple choice examination has 5 questions. Each question has three alternative answers of which exactly one is correct. The probability that a student will get 4 or more correct answers just by guessing is [EEMain2013] io. Probability of guessing a correct, answer, p= 7. and probability of guessing awrong answer q-=% So, the probability of guessing 4 or more correct answers Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from numbers {1, 2, 3,..., 8}. The probability that their minimum is 3, given that their maximum is 6, is (AIEEE 2012} (a) (o) () (a) (b) Given 3 numbers are drawn without replacement from the set {12,3 45,67, 8). To find The probability that their minimum is 3 given that their maximum is 6. Let A denotes the event that the minimum of the 3 selected numbers is 3 and B denotes the event that the maximum of the 3 selected numbers is 6, then The required probabilty is P (4) \B) Algebra A)_P (AaB) Now, P (3) “ \B) PB) P(B) = The probability that the maximum number selected is 6 I the maximum number is 6, then {) 6 should be one of the 3 selected numbers (1 way) and (i) the remaining two numbers should beless than 6 ie, any 2 from 1 to 5 (OC, ways), x5Cp_ 10° WG, "30, Similarly, P(A > B) = The probability that the minimum number is 3 and the maximum number is 6 If the minimum number is 3 and the maximum number is 6, then {i) 6 should be one of the 3 selected numbers (1 way). (i) 3 should be one of the 3 selected numbers (1 way) and {ii) the remaining 1 number should lie between 3 and 6 ie,, any one of 4 and 5 (2 ways) = Pe)= « => Piang)- eG 2 CC p(A)aPAng). 24 \a)"" Pe "1075 Hence, the required probability is 1 4. Consider 5 independent Bernoull’s trials each with probability of success p.If the probability of atleast one failure is greater than or equal ws then p lies in the interval y(3 11 1 (3.3) 03 | u (1 3] uy a (13 ole | laa) Sol. (b) Here, =Sandr>1 PK =1)="G, p' P(X21)=1-P(x=0) [AIEEE 2011]Previous Years' Questions 5 pS 31 =1-%Cy-p?-q? 25> [aver 314 e181 1 SPS Oe 1 stand po psthandp > peloz 5. fC and Dare two events such that C < Dand P(D) + 0, then the correct statement among the following is (AIEEEZO11] (a) P(C/ D)>P(C) ()P(C/D) 0 and P(A BAC) = 0 Then P(AS mB° /C)is equal to (Aveee 2011) (a) PIAS) - PIB) (b) PIA) P (8) (©) PUP) + PIB) (a) PLAY) -P (8°) AEB) _ P(A ABE nc) co) PC) P(C)-P(AnC)-PIBNC) +P(ANBNC) ~ PC) sot. @ 31 Given, P(A B NC) = and A,B,C are pairwise independent. P(ANC)=P(A)-PC) and P(BAC)=PIB)-PC) o([& 8°) c } = PIC) - P(A) PIC) — PIB) PC) + 0 Pc) =1- P(A) P(B)= P(A’) - P(B) An umn contains nine balls of which three are red, four are blue and two are green, Three balls are drawn at random without replacement from the urn. The probability that the three balls have different colours, is (AIEEE2010) 1 2 @3 OF (b) Total number of cases = °C; = 84 Number of favourable cases =5C,-4C,-°C, =24 p24 2 7 4 2 ot Oa Oa Four numbers are chosen at random (without replacement) from the set {1, 2, 3, .. 20) Statement |The probability that the chosen numbers when arranged in some order will form an AP, is + 85 Statement IIIf the four chosen numbers form an AP, then the set of all possible values of common difference is {£1 42,43, 44,45}. (AeEE2010) (a) Statement lis trus, Staternent Il is ‘rue; Statement Ilis a correct explanation for Statement | (©) Statement lis true, Statement Il is true; Statement Ils not a correct explanation for Statement |32 Sol. Sol. (6) Statement | is true, Statement iis false (d) Statement is f2 true (©) nS)="C, Statement| Common difference is 1; Total number of cases = 17 Common difference is 2; Total number of cases = 14 Common difference is 3; Total number of cases = Common difference is 4; Total number of cases = 8 Common difference is 5; Total number of cases = 5 Common difference is 6; Total number of cases =2 Hence, required probability 174 144 1148. = 7, Hence, Statement is true and Statement II is false. Ise, Statement Il is Six cards and six envelopes are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6 and cards are to be placed in envelopes so that each envelope contains exactly one card and no card is placed in the envelope bearing the same number and moreover the card numbered 1 is always placed in envelope numbered 2. Then, the number of ways it can be done is [JEE Advanced 2014, Single Option} (a) 264 (b) 265, (9) 53 (er (Cards:1 2.3 45 6 Envelopes:1 2 3 4 5 6 12 goes in 1 then the numberof ways -ai( 2 gta}? 10. Sol. om Sol. Algebra doesn't go in ‘1’ then the number of ways = 44 ‘otal number of ways = 53 Three boys and two girls stand in a queue. The probability that the number of boys ahead of every girl is atleast one more than the number of girls ahead of her, is [JEEAdvancod 2014, Single Option} fa) 1/2 b) 13 (o) 23 (a) 3/4 (a) () The number of arrangement of n distinct objects is given by n! (i) Probability _Number of favourable outcomes Number of total outcomes’ Total number of ways to arrange 3 boys and 2 girls are 5! ‘According to given condition, following cases may arise. BGGBB GcoseB GBGBB GBBGB BGBGB So, number of favourable ways =5x31x2!= 60 601 Re bility = 2 = + lequired probabilty = => => Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with probabilities +, 3,4, 1 then, the 2448 probability that the problem is solved correctly by atleast one of them is JEEAdvanced 2013 Single Option] 235 4. 21 3 ig 253 295 yy 21 gy 3 gy 253 © 56) a56 256 256 (a) Formula used PAB) =P(A)-P(B) when Aand B are independent events.Previous Years' Questions Probability that the problem is solved correctly by alleast one of them (Problem is not solved by all) P (Problem is soWed by atleast ono of them) ~ P (Problem is not solved by anyone) P(A) PIB): PE)- PD) (1.1.3 12. Let E and F be two independent events. The probability that exactly one of them occurs is == and the probability of none of them occurring is 2 If P(T) denotes the probability of occurrence of the event T, then {1ITJEE2011, Single Option} 4 @Pe-s.em-3 gh Ons @) PE)=2,P=2 2 Pe)=2, © P(e=2 3 4 d) P(E)= 3, PiFy=4 (d) P(E) 3" (F) 5 WW Sol. (a) P(EUF)-P(EAF)=4 ol. (a) P(E UF) (EnF) 3B i} (ie. only E or only A) ae Nother of them ooous 2 P(E oF yd (i) rom Eq. (), uw P(E)+P(F)-2P(ERF)=2 iy (E)+ PUP) 2 PLEO F =e ol oO 13, @) Sol. 33 From Ea. (i), 2 4 PLE) (1 PCF) = (1- PE) 1 PEF) = me) me) mE FZ From Eas. (i) and (y) pe)+ cr) = 2 P(E) {f = PE} = 2 oT 12 > (PLE? - ERE) + Let U, and U, be two ums such that U, contains 3 white and 2 red balls and U, contains only 1 white ball. A fair coin is tossed. If head appears, then 1 ball is drawn at random from U; and put into Up However, iftail appears then 2 balls are drawn at random from U, and put into U,.Now, 1 ball is drawn at random from Us, INTJEE2011,PassageBased) The probability of the drawn ball fromU, being white is 13°. 23 @8 2 93 a (0) Now, probably ofthe drawn ball from, being white is P (white /U.) Soo te a =PtH) \e xs OS 19 1" Lo) 20 (d} ot + PU), Powhite/ Up) = (white! Up) = > sHoardeds aews eats34 (ii) Given that the drawn ball from U. is white, the probability that head appeared on the coin is 17 1 15 a3 OR Sol. (d) P (Head appeared/white from U2) wos Or, Fr, °C, ®c, 7c, 12 OF x4 2x ips ay 23780 2 14. A signal which can be green or red with probabi iy’ and : respectively, is received by station Aand then transmitted to station B. The probability of each station 3 receiving the signal correctly is 5 If the signal received at station Bis green, then the probability that the original signal green is {NTJEE2010, Single Option] 3 ys 20 9 = (i = (d) — @s ©) 5 (©) 3 Os Sol. (c) From the tree-diagram it follows that s 4 1 5 3 6 R 3A1 3Ai Ne fa asisXuXs As Ne ANG fo “tr Bs BR’ Bo 46 P(&)=— (Ba) 30 10 P(B|G)=— (BIG) 6 80 20 Algebra 15. Let be a complex cube root of unity with @ 2 1A fair die is thrown three times. Ifr,, fp andr, are the numbers obtained on the die, then the probability that ol! +0? +09 =0is LIITJEE2010, Single Option] (@) 118 (b) 1/9 (9) 29 (@) 1196 Sol. (c) Sample space A dice is thrown thrice, n (8) = 6x6x6 Favorable events a +0? +a = 0 1.8... f fate ordered 3triples which can take values, (12,3), (05.3), (42.3), (12.6). (68. (42.6, (456) i.e. 8 ordered pairs and each can be arranged in 3! ways = 6 (45.3) n(E)=8x6 = pe= 6-2 bx6x6 8 Theory of Equations 1. Ifa eRand the equation =x -[x])* +2(x -[x]) +a? =0 (where, [x] denotes the greatest integer < x) has no integral solution, then all possible values ofa lie in the interval _[seEMain2014] (2) 1.0) 4(0,1) (b) (2) (o) 2-1) (B) 2) 42, e0) x -[x]=[X]which is a fractional part function lie between 0 < {X} <1 Sol. (a) Here, a Rand equation is -3{x-[x]}? +2f-[x]} +a° =0 L ~ [x] =3t? +2t+a’ =0 14 3a?Previous Years' Questions Sol. Taking positive sign i} > 0 ina os tty eC, 3 > => (att)a-1)<0 act) For no integral solution of a, we consider the interval (-1, 0)U(0,1) Note Here, when we figure out the non-integral solution, we get a #0. This implies any interval excluding zero should be correct answer as it give either no solution or no integral solution. Let o. and B be the roots of equation px? +qx +r =0,p40.1f pq andrare in AP and 1.41 = 4, a then the value of | a -lis (JEE Main 2014) 2vi7 wo A 2vT3 ) (a) 9 Max? + bx Ohas roots a and, then a +B =— and op =€ (d) Since, « and fare roots of pe+gx+r=0,p40. a+p-—2 ap-2 p Since, p, q and rare in AP. 2-4r)= p+r p=-9r ey Sol. Sol. 35 tt 9-9 (a-B)? = (a+ BY ~4a8 16, 4_ 16436 aS => (a-pr=2 (a-BF =F and op=1= = lap] The real number k for which the equation, 2x° + 3x + k =Ohas two distinct real roots in (0, 1] (@) lies between 1 and 2 [JEEMain2013] (0) lies between 2 and 3 (©) lies between ~ tand 0 (@) does not exist (d) Let (x)= 2x3 + 8x +k On differentiating w.r. x, we get f(x) = 6x? +3>0,vxER Thus, f(x)is strictly increasing funetion, Hence, f(x) = 0 has only one real root, 0 two roots are not possible Ifthe equations x? + 2x +3=0 andax’® + bx +¢=0,a,b.c ER, have a common root, then a:b: is equal to [JEE Main 2013) (a) 1:2:3 (bo) 3:2:1 () 1:3:2 (d) 3:1:2 (a) Given equations are x? 42x+3=0 0 and = ax*+bx+o=0 (ii) Since, Eq. (i) has imaginary roots. So, Eq. (ii) will also have both roots same as Eq. (i) Thus, awe cg 3 Hence, a:b :0 is 1:2:3, The equation eo" g-8F ge has [AIEEE2012), (2) infinite number of real roots (b) no real root (c) exactly one real root (d) exactly four real roots36 Sol. Sol. (b) Given equation is eit ett g > 8 Now, let Hence, we get y-4 > yay = = (On substituting the value of y, we get ott 02 VE Now, since sine is a bounded function, ie, -1e and2-yB<1 e = 24a te] @ + Bis not possible for anyx €R ande*”* =2 - Sis also not possible for any x €R. Hence, we can say that the given ‘equation has no solution. Sachin and Rahul attempted t. solve a quadratic equation. Sachin made a mistake in writing down the constant term and ended up in roots (4, 3). Rahul made a mistake in writing down coefficient of x to get roots (3, 2). The correct roots of equation are (AIEEE 2011] (a-4-3 (o) 61 (43 (0) -6- (b) Let the quadratic equation be ax’ + bx te =0 Sachin made a mistake in writing down constant terms. So, sum of roots is correct Sol. Sol. Algebra ie a4 B=7 Rahul made mistake in writing down coefficient of x. So, product of roots is correct. ie ap-6 Correct quadratic equation is x? (a +B)x+ oP =0 x? ~7Tx + 6 = Ohaving roots 1 and 6 If and Bare the roots of the equation x? -x +1=0,then a? 4.8797 js equal to [AIEEEZ010) (@ -2 (b) - od (@2 (0) Since, « and f are roots of the equation xoxtt = atB=t, oB=1 it v3i = 2 143i = or 2 > -0 oF 0" Thus, a=-0° Then, B=-0 or a=-o, then, B=-@* [where, a? =1] Hence, cM 4 20 (HB 4. (20 == [(0)-0? + (0°)"-0] The quadratic equation p(x) = 0 with real coefficients has purely imaginary roots. Then, the equation p[p(x)]=Ohas [JEE Advanced 2014, Single Option] (2) only purely imaginary roots (©) al real roots (6) two real and two purely imaginary roots (6) neither real nor purely imaginary roots (b) Let p(x) = ax? + bwith a, b of same sign anda, b ER.Previous Years' Questions Then, plp(x)]=alax® + bY +b P(x) has imaginary roots say fx Then, also ax’ +b eRand fax” + bY >0 alax? + by +b40,¥x Thus, pipe) 9. Let a and bbe the roots of ? _ 6x -2 =0,witha >B.If a, = 0." —B" for n 21 then the 2a, 40,Vx ato value of 2 2 ‘3 [JEEAdvanced 2011, Single Option] (at ()2 (3 ay Sol. (c) _ aX(a? ~2)-p*p? -2) 2a" -B°) [since, a is root of x* - 6x -2=0 >a? -2=6a and also fis root of x* - 6x-2=0=> pe -2= 68] __ 25 (6a)— B* (68) _ 6 (a? ~p° 2(a°—P) —-2(a? -p°) 10. A value of b for which the equations x? + bx -1=0, x? + x + b =Ohave one root in common is [ITJEE2011, Single Option} (a)-v2 (b) -iv3 ind (d) v2 (b) fax? + bx +0, =0 and ax* + byx+c,=0 have a common real root, then = @ cz — a0) = (bc - bey) Sol. # + be-1=0} } have a common x?+x+b=0f root, > (le bP = (0? +115) 1. 0) Sol. 0) 37 = be 42b+1=b?-b8 4 1-b = bs +ab-0 bib? + 3)= > b=0,4 31 Consider the polynomial A(x) =14 2x + 3x74 4x9. Let s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f{x)and lett =| | [IITJEE 2010, Passage Based) The real number s lies in the interval al: {=m FI ; 4) (-3,-2 tL OG ° (° a) (©) Given, f(x) = 4x9 + 3x? + 2x41 f"(e)=2 (Be? + 3x41) D=9-24<0 Hence, f (x) = 0 has only one real root _ 64-964 108-108 4 <0 1 (x) changes its sign in { $ hence f (2) = 0 has a root in {—2 C4 The area bounded by the curve y=f(x) and the lines x = 0, y =0 and x =t, lies in the interval ab) mee) (01910) (fo (a a) B us I. (a) fra (a +B)(a*-of +B")=q a? +p? -op “ and (a + By = a? +B? +2a=p? i) From Eqs. (i) and (i. a2 +p? = as and op =F Required equation = x2 PPM) 5g (+a) = (p%+q)x? -(p? 29) +(p? 4g) =0